Here German words are collected that have been taken up as loan or foreign words ( Germanism ) in other languages . This also includes words that are foreign or loan words in German, but which have been passed on to other languages in a specifically German phonetic form.
- ajzberg - iceberg
- alpinist - alpinist, mountaineer
- anllaser - starter
- exhaust - exhaust
- banknotë - banknote
- baushtell - construction site
- bormashin - drill
- blic - flash on the camera
- blinker - blinker (Kosovo)
- dozë - can
- dushkabin - shower cubicle
- manufacturer - manufacturer
- color - color
- feather - feather
- Feldmarëshal - Field Marshal (Kosovo)
- felga - rim
- ferije - vacation
- finch - finch, chaffinch
- fllashë - bottle
- flotë - fleet
- frajer - suitor ; meant is "cool guy" (Kosovo)
- frak - tailcoat
- fugë - fugue
- fusnotë - footnote (Kosovo)
- gepek - from luggage, for trunk (Kosovo)
- gneiss - gneiss (Kosovo)
- kofer - suitcase
- coke - coke
- krikëll - beer mug; from the Bavarian word Krügel
- kuarc - quartz
- coupling - coupling
- lajtmotiv - leitmotif
- country - state
- llak - paint
- mantill - coat
- marsh - march
- muzikant - musician
- pena - bum
- puç - coup
- rëntgen - X-ray
- rikverc - reverse gear (Kosovo)
- shabllon - stencil
- shall - scarf
- shalter - light switch, post office counter, etc. (Kosovo)
- shinë - rail
- shllak - blow; means whipped cream (Kosovo)
- shnicel - Schnitzel (Kosovo)
- shojnicë - barn (Kosovo)
- shpindel - Spindel (Kosovo)
- shpotë - ridicule (Kosovo)
- shrafciger - screwdriver (Kosovo)
- shtab - rod; in the sense of general staff
- shtand - stand, book stand (Kosovo)
- shteker connector
- shtojer - tax
- strajfen - stripes
- shtreke - route (Kosovo)
- slitë - sledge
- shtall - stable
- tankshtell - gas station
- valc, valcer - waltz
- vinjak - windbreaker (Kosovo)
- volfram - tungsten
- xehe - colliery (Kosovo)
- zinc– zinc
- رايخ (raaych) - empire ; what is meant is the German Reich
- باغر (excavator) - excavator (Syria)
- بيرة (biira) - beer
" H " is the pronunciation [ x ] (the German " ch "), " š " the debate [ ʃ ] (like " sh ") pronounced:
- adresirati - to address
- ajnfor - door; from: import
- alga - alga
- alpski - Alps, alpine
- anlaser - starter
- exhaust / exhaust - exhaust
- auto šlep - car towing
- hangers - hangers, hangers
- badekostim - bathing suit, bathing suit
- bademantil - bathrobe
- beštek - cutlery
- bina - stage
- bluza - blouse
- borer - drill
- bormašina - drilling machine
- bunker - bunker
- buhtla - Buchtel
- brifer - phase checker
- brile - ski goggles ; from: Brille
- braon - brown
- buksna- socket
- cajti - the times
- cange - pliers
- cigla - brick
- cilj, ciljati - aim, aim
- cimer, cimerka - roommate, roommate
- cuclati - A zuzeln = suck
- cu fuz - on foot
- cug - alcoholic drink, drink
- cukur - sugar
- curik - back
- cušpajz - a side dish
- cikcange - nippers
- deka - ceiling
- dihtung, dihtovati - seal , seal
- dinstati - steam
- drek - dirt
- drukati, druker - print, printer
- escajg - eating utensils, cutlery
- farba - paint
- fasovati - grasp
- faširati - A mince = turn through the meat grinder
- fen - hair dryer, hair dryer
- felga - rim
- fergazer carburetor
- ferije - vacation
- finta - feint, trick
- flanša - flange
- flaster - adhesive plaster, adhesive tape
- flaša - bottle
- fleka - stain
- fraj - free
- frajer - handsome young man; from: Free
- frizer - hairdresser
- frontšajbnica - car windshield ; developed from the high demand for car windscreens brought from Germany by guest workers .
- frtalj - quarter
- fruštuk - breakfast
- frštuljiti - understand
- funta - pound
- fušer, fušeriti - botch, botch
- gastarbajter - guest workers
- gelender - railing
- gemišt - white wine with water; by: mixed
- gepek - trunk; from: luggage
- germitajg - A Germiteig = yeast dough
- gearbox - gearbox
- glajz - track
- glatko - smooth
- glanc, glancati - shine, shine
- grincejg - soup greens, greens
- grao - gray
- grif - the grip on musical instruments
- griz - semolina
- grof - count
- grunt - plot of land
- gruntovnica - deed of ownership
- heklati - crochet
- hauba - hood, bonnet
- haustor - house gate, common in Zagreb
- hauzmajstor - caretaker
- hilzna - sleeve
- hoblić - planer
- jakna - jacket
- jauzna - A Jauze = breakfast
- kajzerica - A Kaisersemmel
- kamašne - gaiters
- karfiol - A cauliflower = cauliflower
- kelner - waiter
- kerviš - sweeping
- kibicovati, kibicer - lapwing, lapwing; from: Lapwing
- kič - kitsch
- kirbaj - parish fair, fair
- knedla - dumplings
- kofer - suitcase
- compote - compote
- korpa - basket
- kragna - collar
- kredenac - sideboard, table of gifts
- krigla - jug; from: Krügel
- krisban - Christmas tree; from: Christmas tree
- krofna - A donut = Berlin pancake
- krumpiri - A grumberry = potato
- clutch - clutch
- kupleraj - coupling shop
- kurcšlus - short circuit
- kurbla - crank
- ladica - drawer
- ler, u leru - idle
- licitar - gingerbread, gingerbread
- licna - strand
- ligeštul, lingištil - deck chair
- logor - only in the sense of collective camp / concentration camp
- lokna - locke
- lotre, lotrice, lojtrice - head
- maher - doer, expert
- majstor - master; often used in the sense of craftsmen
- manikircojg - manicure tools
- mantil - coat
- manžetna - cuff
- mebl štof, mebl štofovi - upholstery fabrics, upholstery
- mrš - march, go away, disappear
- mišafla - manure shovel
- moler - wall painter
- natkasna, natkasl - A night box
- noklice - A dumpling
- ofinger - coat hanger; from: Hangers
- pađen - car tires; from Austrian "slap", actually slipper, figuratively flat tire
- pantofne - slipper
- paradajz - A tomato = Tomato
- pasovati - adapt
- peglati, pegla - iron, iron
- peh - bad luck, misfortune
- pehar - cup
- pekar - baker
- pereca - pretzel
- perika - wig
- plac - place
- pleh - sheet metal
- pliš - plush
- prezle - A crumbs = breadcrumbs
- putar - butter
- radkapa - hubcap
- rajcati - irritate
- rajndla - A Reindl = pan
- rajsferšlus - zipper
- rajsnegla - thumbtack
- ram, rama, uramiti - frame, frame
- regal - shelf
- rerna - A pipe = oven
- rinflajš - beef
- ringišpil - fair; from: Ringelspiel
- rikverc - reverse gear on vehicles
- roletne - shutters, from shutters
- rolšue - roller skates
- rostfraj - rustproof
- juice - juice
- sajla - rope
- mustard - coll. mustard
- šlafrok - dressing gown
- sličuge, slićure - ice skates
- sokne - socks
- šajba - disc
- šal - scarf
- šalter - switch
- šank - A Schank = counter, counter
- šengajst - beautiful spirit
- šlag - A whipped cream
- šlager - Schlager
- šlajm - slime
- šlampav - sloppy
- šlampača - slut
- šlank - slim
- šlauh, šlauf - hose
- šlepati, šleper - hauling, tugboat
- šminka - make-up
- šmirgl papir, šmirglati - emery paper , sandpaper , emery, grind
- šnajder, šnajderica - tailor , seamstress
- šnala - hair buckle
- šnicla - schnitzel
- šnita - cuts
- šnjirati, šnjira - lace, cord
- šoferšajbna - windshield; from: Chauffeurscheibe
- špacirung - walk
- špahtla - spatula
- špajz - A food = pantry
- špenadla - pin; from: Spann-Nadel
- šparet, šporet - economy stove
- špic - tip
- špiccange - needle-nose pliers
- špiglo - mirror
- špikovati - peck
- špricer - A spritzer = white wine spritzer
- šprica - syringe
- šrafciger - screwdriver
- štap - stick
- šteker connector
- štemati - stalk
- štemajzl - chisels
- štikla - shoe heel; from: Heeled shoe
- štimung - mood
- štimati, štimovati - agree (be correct), agree (arrange)
- štof - fabric
- štopati - stop; stop in the sense of time
- štos - impact in the sense of impact, but also a trick
- štrajfna - stripes
- štreber - nerd
- štrikati - knitting
- štrudla - strudel
- Sulc - aspic
- šund - trash
- šunka - ham
- šupa - shed (building)
- šuster - cobbler, shoemaker
- šut - rubble
- švercer - blackers, smugglers
- tabla - blackboard
- tancati - dance
- tašna - bag
- trefiti, potrefiti - to meet
- tregeri - braces
- tirac - veterinarian
- tringelt - coll. tip
- veker - alarm clock
- veš - laundry
- vaservaga - spirit level
- vic - joke
- vikler - hair curlers , hair curlers
- vindjakna - windbreaker
- viršla - sausages; from: Würschtl
- vešmašina - washing machine
- zglajzati - derail
- zihernadla, ziherca - safety pin
- айсберг (ajsberg) - iceberg
- алпинист (alpinist) - alpinist , mountaineer
- анцуг (suit) - sports suit
- ауспух (exhaust) - exhaust
- бакенбард (bakenbard) - whiskers
- бакпулвер (bakpulwer) - baking powder
- банкнота (banknota) - banknote
- бира (bira) - beer
- боцман (botsman) - boatswain
- будка (budka) - kiosk, booth
- винкел (angle) - angle (tool)
- вирбел (vortex) - vortex (fishing)
- вундеркинд (child prodigy) - child prodigy
- вурст / вурстче (Wurst / Wursttsche) - sausages
- гастарбайтер (gastarbajter) - guest workers
- гатер (gater) - frame saw
- гипс, гипрсирам, гипскартон (plaster of paris, giprsiram, plasterboard) - plaster , plaster, plasterboard
- груб (grub) - coarse; as in "gross error", "rough estimate"
- грубиян, грубиянски, грубиянство (grubijan, grubijanski, grubijanstwo) - brute, in the manner of a brute, rudeness
- грунд, грундирам (Grund, Grundiram) - reason, priming
- дюбел (djubel) - dowels
- фалшив (falsehiv) - false, falsified
- флейта (flejta) - flute
- фойерверк (fojerwerk) - fireworks
- кайзер (kajser) - emperor
- картоф (kartof) - potato
- кич (kitsch) - kitsch
- компот (kompot) - compote
- куплунг (clutch) - clutch
- курорт (health resort) - health resort
- лайтмотив (lajtmotiv) - leitmotif
- лак, лакирам (lak, lakiram) - varnish, varnish
- луфт (air) - gap, margin
- льос (ljos) - loess
- майстор (majstor) - craftsman (<master)
- марш (march) - march
- маршрут (marschrut) - shared taxi (<march route)
- мащаб (mashtab) - yardstick
- мебел (mebel) - furniture
- музикант (musician) - musician
- мюсли (mjusli) - muesli
- нит (nit) - rivet
- пауза (pausa) - pause
- педал (pedal) - pedal
- плакат (plakat) - poster
- полтъргайст (poltargajst) - poltergeist
- принц (prinz) - prince
- раница (raniza) - backpack (<satchel)
- регал (regal) - shelf
- шал (scarf) - scarf, shawl
- шаблон (stencil) - stencil
- шарнир (scharnir) - hinge
- швестер (sister) - gay (<sister)
- шибидах (shibidach) - sunroof
- шлаух (hose) - hose
- шницел (schnizel) - schnitzel
- шнур (cord) - cord
- шлосер (locksmith) - locksmith
- шлеп (schlep) - barge
- шлиц (schliz) - slit skirt (<slit)
- шлюз (schljus) - lock
- шпалир (shpalir) - trellis
- шпалта (shpalta) - column of text
- шпек (schpek) - salami-like sausage (< bacon )
- шперплат, шперплатен (schperplat, schperplaten) - plywood board (<plywood)
- шпиц (schpiz) - German lace
- шприц (schpriz) - spray gun, splash
- шпагат (shpagat) - splits
- шпион (shpion) - spy
- шрифт (script) - font, character set
- шублер, шиблер (Schubler, Schibler) - Measuring tool , Schublehre
- щаб (shtab) - headquarters
- щайга (shtajga) - climb
- щанга (shtanga) - horizontal bar
- щанд (schtand) - market stall
- щанца, щанцовам (shtanza, shtanzowam) - punch, punch
- щат (shtat) - state
- щатив (shtatiw) - frame (<tripod)
- щекер (schteker) - plug
- щемпел (schtempel) - stamp
- щифт (schtift) - pen (mechanical engineering)
- щора (schtora) - blinds (<Swiss German "Store")
- щорм (schtorm) - storm
- щранг (strand) - strand
- щрих, шриховам (schtrich, schtrichowam) - dash
- щурм (shturm) - assault
- щурман (shturman) - helmsman
- яке (jake) - jacket
Note: Æ / æ = [ æ (ː) ; ɛ (ː) ] = Ä / ä (in Gallisms also “ai” / “ei”); Ø / ø = [ œ (ː) ; ø (ː) ] = Ö / ö (in Gallisms also “eu”); Å / å = [ o (ː) ] = O / o (in Gallisms also “au”); Y / y = [ y (ː) ] = Ü / ü
- drunk - drunk
- do better - urge to interfere in other people's work
- flygel - concert grand piano
- gardener - gardener; from: early New High German Gartner
- gejst - spirit
- gesjæft, geschæft - shop, shop
- dear - interested party, lover, collector
- live life; for example in "the street was full of life"
- lidse - strand
- wedding - Wedding Shower
- rutsje (bane), rutsche (bane) - slide, slide, roller coaster
- shade - shade
- thigh - ham
- schnauzer - schnauzer (dog)
- schnitzel, snitsel - schnitzel
- cobbler - cobbler
- swing - swing of a music performance or swinging handwriting
- Schæchte - Schächten
- schæfer - sheepdog
- scottish, scottish - Scottish (dance)
- sjuft - villain
- slager, hit - hit
- easel - easel
- tus, tusch, tusse - colored pencil
- approximately - approximately
- von - former name affix for officers
- weltschmerz - Weltschmerz
- trout - trout
- hakkliha - minced meat
- heeringas - herring
- hügieeniartikkel - hygiene articles
- can - jug
- kartulid - potatoes
- cinema - cinema
- klaas - glass
- kohver - suitcase
- magu - stomach
- minute - minute
- zero zero
- petersell - parsley
- pirnid - pear
- plaaster - plaster
- politsei - police
- reisibüroo - travel agency
- rosmariin - rosemary
- salv - ointment
- sibul - onion
- sink - ham
- süls - brawn
- tall - stable
- tass - cup
- tekki - blanket
- till - dill
- -tsioon - ending -tion
- tund - hour
- tüümian - thyme
- vein - wine
- vorst - sausage
Many Finnish-sounding words in Finnish are actually taken from Swedish , such as B. the word kahvipaussi (coffee break), which was nevertheless drawn in 2006 as emigrated word of the year by the German Language Council from proposals submitted . Many of the words with actually German origins were also borrowed into Finnish via Swedish.
- (l ') alpenstock - Alpenstock
- (l ') connection - connection of Austria in 1938
- (l ') arquebuse - fire rifle with a hook in the shaft to be placed on a frame; from: Middle High German Hâkenbühse
- (l ') aurochs - aurochs
- (la) baltique - Baltic, in mer Baltique (Baltic Sea) for Baltic Sea
- (le) bandonéon - bandoneon
- (le) batz - Batzen
- (le) professional ban - professional ban
- (le) bécher - beaker in chemistry
- (le) beffroi - keep
- (la) benzine - gasoline
- (le) Biedermeier - Biedermeier
- (le) bismuth - bismuth
- (le) bitter - bitter liqueur
- (le) blafard - "pale" / "pale", from mhd. bleichvar "pale colors"
- (la) blind, blind - blind
- (le) blitz - blitz chess
- (le) blitzkrieg - Blitzkrieg
- (le) blockhaus - bunker
- (le) bocard - from Pochhammer
- (le) bock - Bock beer
- (le) bourgmestre - mayor
- (le) bretzel - pretzel
- (le) bunker - bunker
- (la) calèche - carriage
- (la) came - comb
- (la) chabraque - saddle pad
- (le) chic - chic, "custom"
- (la) chopine - from Schoppen
- (la) choucroute - sauerkraut
- (la) cible - from disk
- (le) cobalt - Kobold
- (la) cravache - Karbatsche : leather whip
- (le) cromorne - organ register: Krummhorn
- (le) dachshund - badger
- (le) diesel - diesel
- (le) dictation - dictation
- (le) doppelganger - doppelganger
- (l ') ersatz - cheaper replacement for products
- (l ') espièglerie - mischievousness or prankster; from Eulenspiegel
- (le) feldgrau - Feldgrau (as German uniform color)
- (le) feld-maréchal - Field Marshal
- (le) feldwebel - Sergeant
- (le) fifre - whistle
- (le) fifrelin - chanterelle
- (le) flehmen - Flehmen
- (le) fœhn, föhn - Switzerland. German hair dryer, hair dryer as wind
- blow-dry, blow-dry your hair
- (la) foudre - from Fuder (large barrel)
- (la) frichti - quick meal; from: breakfast
- (le) Führer - leader
- (la) Cosiness - comfort
- (la) gestalt - gestalt
- (le) gestapiste - by Gestapo
- (le) glass - glass
- (le) glockenspiel - carillon
- (le) gneiss - gneiss
- (le) dig - a ditch that was created, for example, by a landslide
- (le) groschen - groschen
- (la) gueuse - goose
- (l ') half-ring - half-ant, half duck
- (la) hallebarde - halberd
- (le) hamster - hamster
- (le) handball - handball
- (la) hanse - Hanse
- (la) hase - rabbit
- (l ') hinterland - hinterland
- (le) horst - tectonic horst
- (le) hussard - hussar
- (la) hutte - hut
- yodler, yodler - yodel
- (le) Art Nouveau - Art Nouveau
- (le) kaiser - emperor
- (le) kammerspiel - Kammerspiel
- broken - broken
- (le) karcher - high pressure cleaner ; derived from the German company Kärcher
- (le) képi - kepi; from: cap
- (la) kermesse - fair ; from Middle High German kirmesse or Flemish kerkmisse
- (le) kieselguhr, kieselguhr - kieselguhr
- (le) kirsch - Kirschwasser
- (le) kitsch - kitsch
- (le) kobold - goblin
- (le) kouglof - Gugelhupf
- (le) krach - stock market crash
- force (adj.) - e.g. B. in le papier kraft (very strong wrapping paper)
- (le) kreuzer - cruiser (coin)
- (le) kronprinz - used for "Kronprinz" in Germany and Austria
- (le) kummel - caraway liqueur
- (le) laborantin - laboratory assistant
- (le) land - state
- (le) landau - prams, dolls prams, landau
- (le / la) landgrave - Landgrave
- (la) landgravine - the wife of a landgrave, landgrave
- (la) landwehr - Landwehr
- (le) lansquenet - Landsknecht
- (le) loam - loam
- (le) leitmotif - leitmotif
- (le) lette, letton - Lette
- (le) lied - especially Germanic folk songs
- (le) loden - loden
- (le) lœss - loess
- (le) loustic - prankster; from: funny
- (la) team - as a name for the German national soccer team
- (le) mark - mark
- (le) minnesang - minnesang
- (le) nazi - Nazi
- (le) no man's land - no man's land in the First World War
- (la) nouille - pasta
- (l ') obus - howitzer
- (le) panzer - tanks
- (la) pitch iris - pitchblende
- (le) pfennig - pfennig
- (le) plancton - plankton
- (le) poltergeist - Poltergeist
- (la) purine - purine
- (le) coup - coup
- (le) quartz - quartz
- (la) quenelle - dumplings
- (la) quille - cone
- (la) rafle - shuffle
- (le) reichsmark - Reichsmark
- (le) reichstag - Reichstag
- (le) reître - rider
- (le) rhingrave - Rheingraf
- (la) ridelle - Reidel
- (le) rollier - roller
- (le) rollmops - rollmops
- (la) rosse - Ross
- (le) rösti - Rösti
- (le) rotengle - red ball
- (le) rucksac - backpack
- (le) saber - saber
- (le) sarrau - from Sarrok
- divorce - divorce
- (le) schilling - Schilling
- (la) schlague - blow, baton
- (le) sneaked - sneaked
- (le) schlamm - sludge in the metal industry
- (la) sledge - wooden sledge in forestry
- (le) schnaps - schnapps
- (le) schnauzer - Schnauzer (dog)
- (le) snorkel, snorkel - snorkel
- (le) schnouff - snuff
- (le) schorl - Schörl , mineral
- (la) schupo - protective police
- (le) schuss - technique when skiing
- (le) singspiel - Singspiel
- (le) social-démocrate - social democrat
- (le) splitter -
- (le) spath - spat (mineral)
- (le) speiss - in metallurgy a mixture of metal and arsenic after an initial roasting process
- (le) mirror - mirror iron, ferro-manganese
- (le) spitz - Spitz (dog)
- (le) stem - stem arch , skiing technique
- (la) stepmother - stepmother
- chanze - jump
- (le) stollen - Christmas stollen
- (le) Sturm und Drang - Sturm und Drang
- (le) sylvaner - Silvaner
- (le) talweg - valley path
- (le) teckel - dachshund
- (le) trolle - troll
- (le) trommel - mixing drum
- (l ') umlaut - umlaut
- (la) valine - valine
- (la) valse - waltz
- (le) vampire - vampire
- (le) vasistas - skylight ; from: “What is that?”, since at least 1784
- (le) vermouth - guess
- (le) waldsterben - forest death
- welsche, velche, which - Welsche
- (la) Weltanschauung - Weltanschauung
- (le) weltpolitik - world politics
- (le) wergeld - wergild
- (le) wienerli - Switzerland. German: small elongated sausage
- (le) witz - very derogatory joke
- (le) zeitgeist - zeitgeist
- (la) zeitnot - time pressure in chess
- (le) zugzwang - Zugzwang in chess
- (la) cotton candy - cotton candy
- (le) zwieback - rusks
A German origin is often ascribed to the boulevard , which however goes back to the Dutch bolwerk .
- αλτ (old) - stop
- γκάσταρμπαϊτερ (ngastarbaiter) - guest workers
- καπούτ (kapout) - broken
- καρτόφι (kartofi) - potato; via Russian: Картофель into Pontic
- κιτς (kits) - kitsch
- κραχ (crash) - stock market crash
- λούμπεν (loumben) - disenfranchised, proletarian; from German: Lumpenproletariat
- μαρς (mars) - march
- μπίρα (bira) - beer
- πόλτεργκαϊστ (polterngaist) - Poltergeist
- πρέτσελ (pretsel) - pretzel
- σνίτσελ (snitzel) - Schnitzel
- στρούντελ (stroundel) - vortex
Hebrew (New Hebrew)
- Old things - reputation of the traveling scrap dealers in Tel Aviv
- בירה (Bira) - beer
- ביס - bite
- דקל - Dachshund
- דיבל - dowel
- פיינשמקר - gourmet
- איזולירבנד - electrical tape
- קולרבי - Kohlrabi
- קורס - course
- שלייף (grinding) - grinding machine (also: grinding (techn.))
- שלוק - gulp
- שניצל - schnitzel
- שוונג - swing
- שפיץ - pointed
- שטרודל - strudel; also for @
- וישר (wiper) - windshield wiper
- צימר (room) - guest room
- אוטו (auto) - car
Colloquial Hebrew has a number of Germanisms that have found their way into Yiddish . See also article Hebrew Language
German-speaking missionaries of the Moravian Brethren have left some loanwords in the local Inuit dialects in Labrador . This includes words for new things such as the potato, but also words that are now used as alternative forms in addition to the corresponding native terms.
- jaarik - year
- kartupalak - potato
- wurik - week
Numerals:
- ainsili - one
- tsuvailik - two
- turai - three
Japanese loanwords were generally compiled by Kamiya in 1994. Irwin 2011 offers a selection list.
As early as the first half of the 19th century, German doctors were teaching Western medicine in China at times. As the century progressed, Japan adopted Germany's medical education system and German professors taught at Japanese universities. The legal system was also based on the German model. Until 1945, German was the second most important scientific language in Japan, which had an impact on vocabulary, especially in medicine. In the early 19th century, terms from mountaineering, skiing and politics were added.
For foreign words in Japanese, see also Gairaigo .
-
ア イ ン ザ ッ ツ (ainzattsu) - use in music
-
ア イ ゼ ン (aizen) - crampons
-
ア ン ザ イ レ ン (angairen) - roping up
-
ア レ ル ギ ー (arerugī) - allergy
-
ア ル バ イ ト (arubaito) - work, in the sense of secondary employment, temporary work
-
ア ス ピ リ ン (asupirin) - aspirin
-
ア ウ ト バ ー ン (autobān) - highway
-
バ ウ ム ク ー ヘ ン (baumukūhen) - Baumkuchen
-
ボ ン ベ (bonbe) - (gas) bomb , gas bottle, gas container
-
ダ ッ ク ス フ ン ト (dakkusufunto) - Dachshund
-
ド ッ ペ ル ゲ ン ガ ー (dopperugengā) - doppelganger
-
エ ー デ ル ワ イ ス (ēderuwaisu) - edelweiss
-
エ ネ ル ギ ー (enerugī) - energy
-
エ ネ ル ギ ッ シ ュ (enerugisshu) - energetic
-
エ ピ テ ー ゼ (epitēze) - epithesis
-
ガ ス マ ス ク (gasumasuku) - gas mask
-
ゲ バ ル ト (gebaruto) - (State) violence
-
ゲ マ イ ン シ ャ フ ト (gemainshafuto) - community
-
ゲ ネ プ ロ (genepuro) - dress rehearsal
-
ゲ レ ン デ (gerende) - (ski) terrain
-
ギ プ ス (gipusu) - (medical) plaster of paris
-
グ ミ (gumi) - fruit gum
-
ハ イ ム (haimu) - home
-
ヒ ュ ッ テ (hyutte) - (mountain) hut
-
イ ロ ニ ー (ironī) - irony
-
ヤンマ (yanma) - Jammer
-
カ プ セ ル (kapuseru) - capsule
-
カ ル テ (karute) - card; in the sense of: recording of the medical history, medical record
-
キルシュワッサ (kirushuwassa) - Kirsch
-
コ ン ト ラ バ ス (kontorabasu) - double bass
-
ク ラ ン ケ (kuranke) - sick, patient
-
メ ル ヘ ン (meruhe) - fairy tale
-
メ ッ セ (messe) - fair
-
ナ ト リ ウ ム (natoriumu) - sodium
-
ノ イ ロ ー ゼ (noirōze) - neurosis
-
オ ル ガ ス ム ス (orugasumusu) - orgasm
-
オ ナ ニ ー (onanī) - onanism
-
ポ ル タ ー ガ イ ス ト (porutāgaisuto) - poltergeist
-
プ ロ テ ー ゼ (purotēze) - prosthesis
-
ラ ー ゲ (rāge) - position ( sex position )
-
レ ン ト ゲ ン (rentogenic) - (medical) x-ray
-
ル ン ペ ン (runpen) - rags, homeless
-
ル ン ペ ン プ ロ レ タ リ ア ー ト (runpenpuroretariāto) - lumpen proletariat
-
リ ュ ッ ク サ ッ ク (ryukkusakku), リ ュ ッ ク (ryukku (abbr.)) - backpack
-
シ ュ ラ フ (shurafu) - sleeping bag
-
シ ュ ト レ ン (shutoren) - [Christ] stollen
-
テ ー マ (tēma) - subject
-
ト ル テ (torute) - cake
-
ツ ァ イ ト ガ イ ス ト (tsaitogaisuto) - Zeitgeist
-
ウ ラ ン (uranium) - uranium
-
ワ ー ゲ ン (wāgen) - Volkswagen Beetles , Volkswagen cars in general
-
ワ イ ン グ ラ ス (waingurasu) - wine glass
-
ワ ン ダ ー フ ォ ー ゲ ル (wandāfōgeru), ワ ン ゲ ル (wangeru (abbr.)) - wandering bird
-
ヤ ッ ケ (yakke) - windbreaker
-
ザ ー メ ン (zāmen) - semen, seed , sperm
-
ザ ワ ー ク ラ ウ ト (zawākurauto) - sauerkraut
- 아르바이트 (arŭbait'ŭ) - part-time job, temporary work
- 알레르기 (allerŭgi) - allergy
- 노이로제 (noiroje) - neurosis
- 가제 (kaje) - gauze, wound dressing
- 깁스 (kipsŭ) - plaster of paris
- 아이젠 (aijen) - crampons
- 자일 (jail) - rope
- 코펠 (k'op'el) - cooker (leisure, mountaineering)
- 글로켄슈필 (kŭllok'ensyup'il) - carillon
- 라이트 모티브 (rait'ŭmot'ibŭ) - leitmotif
- 룸펜 (rump'en) - rags, homeless
- 프롤레타리아 (p'ŭrollet'aria) - proletarians
- 프롤레타리아트 (p'ŭrollet'ariat'ŭ) - proletariat
- 이데올로기 (ideologi) - ideology
- 샬레, 샤 알레 (shale, shaale) - Petri dish
- 프레파라트 (p'ŭrep'arat'ŭ) - preparation for a microscope
- 메스 실린더 (mesŭshillindŏ) - measuring cylinder
- 호프 (hopŭ) - courtyard, pub
- 국카 스텐 (kukk'asŭten) - peep box
Some of the words originally taken from Middle High German were also transmitted via Denmark and Sweden and modified accordingly.
- aisbergs - iceberg
- amats - clerk, official post, position
- ārsts - doctor
- baļķis - beams, balcony
- bikses - Buxe, Büxe, pants
- blašķe - bottle
- bleķis - sheet metal
- brake - brake
- brilles - glasses
- bumbieris - Bumbirne, Bumbee (Palatine), 'pear for pressing'
- būvēt - to build (build)
- dambis - the dam
- dienests - the service, at your service
- dīķis - pond, actually thicket
- dubults - double, double
- elle - hell
- etiķis - vinegar
- flīģelis - wing
- shrimp - shrimp
- glāze - glass
- glazūra - glaze
- kanna - jug
- kaste - box
- ķēde - chain
- ķieģelis - brick
- Pumpkin - pumpkin
- ķirsis - cherry
- kleita - dress
- koferis - suitcase
- krogs - pitcher (restaurant)
- krūze - jug , mug, large cup
- kungs - Lord (of King)
- kurvis - curve
- lustīgs - funny
- mērķis - target brand
- kidney - kidney
- onkulis - uncle
- panna - pan
- pudele - bottle , bottle
- rēķināt - calculate, calculate
- sīpols - onion
- šķūnis - dandruff
- šlipse - tie , tie
- smēķēt - smoking (of tasting)
- smēre - Dope
- šmuce - dirt
- šmucīgs - dirty
- smuks - jewelry, pretty
- šņabis - brandy
- spēle - game
- stārķis - stork
- stunda - hour
- aunt - aunt
- telts - tent
- un - and
- vērts - valuable
- zāģis - saw
- zēns - boy, boy (from son)
- ziepes - soap
- zvērests - the oath (from swear)
- buterbrodas - bread and butter
- tortas - cake
- vafliai - waffles
- vata - cotton wool
- know it all - know it all
- instinct - intuition
- gebyr - fee
- founder - (business) founder
- katzenjammer - bad music or hangover (from alcohol consumption)
- broken - broken
- omsonst - in vain
- slager - successful song ( hit song )
- snikksnakk - stupid chatter
- foreplay, aftermath - consumption of alcoholic beverages before or after a party, a visit to a disco or a pub evening; also used as the abbreviation “vors”
- ajerkoniak - egg liqueur (<eggs + cognac)
- bakburta - port side (in seafaring)
- banknot - banknote
- barwa - color (property) (<mhd. varwe)
- bejca / bejcować - stain / stain
- bindować - bind
- blacha / blacharz - sheet metal / tinsmith (construction plumber)
- blenda - cover in architecture
- Blitzkrieg - Blitzkrieg
- bokobrody - whiskers
- bosman - boatswain
- bruderszaft - coll. toast to the brotherhood
- buda - booth
- budować - build
- Buchalter - accountant
- bumelować - stroll, go blue
- burmistrz - mayor
- bursztyn - amber
- cegła - brick
- cel - goal
- chata, chatka - mountain, refuge
- cuzamen do kupy - coll. all together
- cyferblat - dial
- roof - roof
- druk - letterpress
- drut - wire
- dryl, drylować - drill
- durszlak - sieve made of solid material (<punch)
- dyszel - drawbar
- elwa - 911; from: Penalty in football
- esesman - SS man
- fachowiec, fachowy - specialist, professional
- fajerwerk - fireworks
- fajrant - after work
- fałsz, fałszować - wrong, fake
- farba - paint (fabric for painting, painting, dyeing and printing)
- fartuch - cloth, apron
- felczer - Feldscher
- Feldfebel - Sergeant
- Feldmarszałek - Field Marshal
- feler - deficiency (<error)
- felga - rim
- filar - pillar
- flaga - flag
- flaszka (coll.) - bottle
- flet - flute
- flinta - shotgun
- freight - freight
- frajda - joy
- frez, frezarka, frezer, frezować - milling cutter (tool), milling machine, milling cutter (profession), milling
- front - front
- fuga - fugue
- furman - carter
- garbarz, garbować - fermenter, ferment
- gestapo - Gestapo
- plaster of paris - plaster of paris
- giser - caster
- glanc, glancować - shine, verb to: make shine (polish)
- gmina - community
- gotyk - Gothic
- grabarz, grób - gravedigger, grave
- grajcar - cruiser
- grosz - groschen
- grunt, gruntować - ground (earth, soil), prime
- grupa - group
- gryf - handle of a musical instrument
- gryfel - stylus
- grynszpan - verdigris
- grys - grit, semolina (<semolina)
- guilder - guilder
- gwałt, gwałcić - violence, rape
- gwint thread
- gzyms - cornice
- haft, haftować - embroidery (<tack), sticken (<tack)
- hak - hook
- hala - hall
- halabarda - halberd
- halerz - lighter
- hałda - dump
- hamować, hamulec - brake (<inhibit), brake
- trade, handlarz, handlować - trade, trader, trade
- dumbbells
- hanza - Hanseatic League
- harcap - braid of hair
- harfa - harp
- hartować - harden
- haubica - howitzer
- lever - planer
- hełm - helmet
- hochsztapler - impostors, fraudsters
- holować - drag (<fetch)
- hołd, hołdować - homage (<grace), pay homage
- huta - metal hut
- jarmark - Krammarkt (<fair)
- jodłować - to yodel
- kacenjamer - hangover
- kac (pronounced katz) - hangover (alcohol intoxication)
- kajuta - cabin
- kajzerka - Kaiser rolls
- kapelmistrz - Kapellmeister
- capsule - crown cap (<capsule)
- kartofel - potato
- kicz - kitsch
- kindersztuba ( obsolete ) - nursery
- kiper - Küper
- klajster - paste
- klejnot - gem
- klinkier - clinker
- kluska, kluski - dumpling, dumplings
- knajpa - pub
- knedel - dumplings
- kotlet - chop
- kroksztyn ( deprecated ) - corbel
- kształt - form (<shape)
- buyer - travel chest (<suitcase), trunk
- buddy - buddy
- kupować - buy
- health resort - health resort
- ładować - store
- country - federal state in Germany and Austria
- likier - liqueur
- loch - hole (ancient prison)
- majster - master
- majstersztyk - masterpiece (masterful performance)
- broker - broker
- malować - paint
- marszruta - march route
- maswerk - tracery
- mebel - furniture
- mistrz - master
- mufa - socket
- mundsztuk - mouthpiece (for wind instruments, cigarettes, or bridle )
- mur, murować - wall, walls
- murgrabia - margrave
- musli, muesli - muesli
- nit - rivet
- obcas - shoe heel
- O-ring - O-ring
- pauza - pause
- pils - pilsner
- plac - place
- plaster - plaster
- platfus - flat foot
- (wy) pucować - cleaning
- rachmistrz - treasurer (<arithmetician)
- rachunek - invoice
- ratunek - rescue
- ratusz - town hall
- rausz - intoxication
- intoxication offense - intoxication offense
- raut - rhombus (diamond or decorative pattern in architecture)
- regał - shelf
- rejs - air or sea travel
- reszta - rest (money)
- rolmops - rollmops
- rota (historical infantry unit) - Rotte
- rotmistrz - Rittmeister
- rura - pipe
- ruszt - gridiron
- rusztowanie - scaffolding
- rycerz - knight
- rycina - illustration in particular copper engraving or lithography (<scratch)
- rygiel, ryglować - sliding bolt, lock
- rym - rhyme
- rymarstwo, rymarz - Riemenschneiderei, Riemenschneider
- rynna - gutter
- rynek - market square (<ring)
- rynsztok - gutter (<gutter)
- rynsztunek - combat equipment, armor
- rysować - sign (<tear)
- smak, smakować - taste, taste
- smalec - lard
- spacer, spacerować - walk, go for a walk
- stal - steel
- stamp - stamp
- ster, sterować - tax (device), control
- szablon - stencil
- szacht - installation shaft
- szacować - appreciate
- szal, szalik - scarf
- szalować - bowls
- szarfa - sash
- szarwark - Scharwerk
- szlaban - barrier (<barrier)
- szlachtować - slaughter
- szlafmyca - sleepyhead
- szlafrok - bathrobe (<dressing gown)
- szlag - apoplexy (<blow)
- szlagier - hits
- szlaka - slag
- szlam - mud
- szlara - veil (short feathers around the eyes in certain birds)
- szlauch - hose
- szlem - slam
- szlif, szlifować, szlifierz - grinding, grinding, grinder
- szlifa - epaulette (<loop)
- szlichta - simple
- szlufka - trouser loop for belt
- szminka - make-up
- szmugiel, szmuglować - smuggling, smuggling
- sznur (ek) - cord
- sznycel - schnitzel
- sznycerz - carver
- szok - shock
- szopa, szopka - shed (simple wooden construction)
- szor - a special kind of horse harness (<harness)
- szorować - scrub
- szpachla, szpachlówka - spatula (tool), spatula (compound)
- szpadel - spade
- szpalta - column (letterpress)
- szpat - Spat (mineral; inflammation of the periosteum)
- szpicel - spy
- szprycować, sobie - inject yourself (drugs into your veins)
- szpula - coil
- szpunt - bung (cone)
- szrama - scratch
- sztych - wood, copper or steel engraving
- sztab - staff (e.g. general staff, command staff)
- sztaba - rod (metal rod), ingot
- sztambuch - family book
- sztag - stag
- sztaluga - easel
- sztanca - punch
- sztandar - standard
- sztanga - bar, dumbbell
- sztapel - stack
- sztok, pijany w - dead drunk
- sztolnia - tunnels (in mining)
- sztorm - storm (strong wind)
- sztos - push (with a billiard stick)
- sztucer - stutzen (hunting rifle)
- sztuka - piece
- szturm, szurmować - storm (attack), storm
- sztyft - pen (elongated piece of metal or wood)
- sztygar - Steiger (mining)
- sztywny - stiff
- szufla - shovel
- szuflada - drawer
- szumowina - scum
- szumować - foaming, skimming, defoaming
- szupo - Schupo (security police)
- szus - shot ride (with skis)
- szwabacha - Schwabacher (special type of fracture)
- szwagier - brother-in-law
- szwank - damage (<fluctuation)
- szwarcować - blacken (smuggle)
- szwindel, szwindlować - dizziness, dizziness
- szyb - elevator chat (<push)
- szyba - pane of glass
- szyber - chimney slide
- szyberdach - sunroof
- szyk - Schick (order), word order
- szyld - shield (board)
- szylkret - tortoise shell (<tortoise)
- szyna - rail
- szynka - ham
- szynkwas - bar counter
- ślusarz - locksmith
- śluza - sluice
- śruba - screw
- śruta - shot
- talar - thaler
- talerz - plate
- tankować - refuel
- tort - cake
- tytka ( Silesian ) - bag
- urlop - vacation
- wachmistrz - security officer
- wafel - waffle
- waga - scales
- wagon - wagon
- walc - waltz
- wanna - bathtub
- warsztat - workshop
- waserwaga - spirit level
- weltszmerc - Weltschmerz
- werbunek, werbować - z. B. Recruiting mercenaries, recruiting
- winda - elevator (<winch)
- wrak - wreck
- zecer - typesetter
- zegar - clock (<pointer)
- żeglarz - sailor
- zeitgeist - zeitgeist
- Zeitnot - Zeitnot
"Ș" is pronounced as "sch", "ă" = "e" in "but", "ț" = "ts", "ch" like "k"
- abțibild - decal
- connection - connection
- bere - beer
- biglais, piglais - iron (only regional)
- bliț - flash (camera)
- bormașină - drilling machine
- banțig - band saw
- cartof, cartoflă - potato
- chelner - waiter, waiter
- chibiț - lapwing (playing cards)
- chiflă - Kipferl, croissant
- crenvurșt - Viennese sausages
- Danțig - Gdansk
- dorn - thorn (technical)
- foraibăr - quarter turn
- fraier - gullible, naive
- fraier, -ă (m / f) - naive person
- hală - half a pint (beer glass of half a liter)
- helfgott - health !; if someone has sneezed or similar, not known everywhere.
- there - hangman; used today as an animal catcher (dog catcher) or skinner
- kitsch - kitsch
- lagăr - warehouse
- land - (federal) state
- song - song
- musai - must be, absolutely
- Oberliht - skylight
- Reich - (Third) Reich
- rucsac - backpack
- șanț - jump, bulwark work, also construction work
- șină - rail, track
- șindrilă - clapboard
- șlagăr - Schlager
- șlampăt, șleampăt - sloppy; from southern German / Austrian, not known everywhere
- șlapi - slippers
- a șlefui - grinding
- șiip țuric - push back (command for horses)
- șmirglu, șmirghel - emery (paper)
- șnițel - schnitzel
- șnur - cord
- șpais - pantry (regional)
- șpoher / șpoier - economy stove - regional
- șorț - apron
- șpriț - spritzer ("splashed" wine), (sprinkled) sprinkled
- șpilhozen - play pants
- ștafetă - relay
- ștaif - stiff
- a ștampila, ștampilă - to stamp, stamp
- ștecher - plug
- ștraif - Streif
- ștrand - lido
- ștreang - strand
- șurub - screw
- șubler - calliper
- tișlaifăr - table runner
- valley! (obsolete) - numbers! The invoice!
- țel - goal
- țol - inches
- zaț - (coffee, print) sentence
A.
Russian |
transcription |
etymology |
Remarks
|
абзац ? / i |
abs |
New High German paragraph |
Paragraph (in press)
|
аблаут |
ablaut |
New High German ablaut |
Ablaut (vowel change in the stem syllable of root-related words)
|
айнтопф |
aintopf |
New High German stew |
Stew
|
айсберг |
aisberg |
iceberg |
iceberg
|
аксельбант |
akselbant |
New High German armpit band <armpit, band |
Armpit cords
|
алебастр |
alebastr |
alabaster |
mostly alabaster glue paint, wall, ceiling paint
|
аншлаг ? / i |
attack |
New High German stop |
in front of a sold out house (stop in the theater)
|
аншлюс |
connection |
New High German connection |
Connection of Austria
|
ахтунг |
caution |
|
Homosexual (pejorative)
|
Б
В
Russian |
transcription |
etymology |
Remarks
|
валторна |
waltorna |
New High German French horn |
French horn
|
вальдшнеп |
forest schnep |
New High German woodcock, dial. Woodcock |
Woodcock , Scolopax, Rusticula
|
ванна |
wanna |
New High German tub |
Tub
|
вафля |
waflja |
New High German Waffel or New High German Wafel < Low German Wabe |
waffle
|
вахта |
wachta |
New High German Wacht |
guard
|
вахтёр |
wachtjor |
Guardian |
Guardian
|
верстак |
werstak |
New High German workshop |
Workbench, workbench , Workbench
|
вербовать |
werbowat |
advertise in German |
recruit
|
верфь |
throw |
Dutch Werf |
Shipyard , shipbuilding site
|
винт |
wint |
German thread |
screw
|
вундеркинд |
wonder child |
wonder child |
wonder child
|
вымпел |
wympel |
German pennant |
pennant
|
Г
Д
Russian |
transcription |
etymology |
Remarks
|
дека |
deca |
New High German ceiling |
Soundboard
|
демпфер |
dempfer |
new high German damper <dampen "moderate" |
Dampers , retarders, vibration dampers
|
дизель |
disel |
diesel |
diesel
|
дуршлаг |
breakthrough |
New High German Durchschlag <penetrate |
Kitchen utensil for straining ,
sifting |
дюбель |
cheers |
New High German dowels |
Dowels
|
Е
З
Russian |
transcription |
etymology |
Remarks
|
зандр |
sandr |
New High German Sandr <Sand |
Sander , gravel plain or gravel surface
|
зензубель |
sensubel |
New High German rabbet plane |
Spring planes, rabbet plane, Toothed Blades
|
И
Russian |
transcription |
etymology |
Remarks
|
инцухт |
inbreeding |
New High German inbreeding <breeding |
Inbreeding , reproduction among closely related organisms
|
К
Russian |
transcription |
etymology |
Remarks
|
камергер |
kamerger |
New High German Chamberlain |
Chamberlain
|
канцлер |
chancellor |
new high German chancellor < Latin cancellarius (chancellery) |
Chancellor
|
капельмейстер |
kapelmeister |
Kapellmeister |
Kapellmeister
|
капут |
broken |
New High German kaputt "entzwei" < French capot <French game expression etre capot, faire capot "lose all tricks in the card game" |
Spoilage , end , disaster
|
картофель |
potato |
potato |
potato
|
кафель |
kafel |
New High German tile |
tile
|
квартира |
kwartira |
Quarter |
flat
|
кегль |
cone |
New High German cone "конус, кегль" |
Cone , cone strength
|
кирка |
about |
Low German kirke, kerke, the form with -х - (- ch-) - from New High German church |
evangelical church
|
кино |
movie theater |
|
Film, cinema
|
киршвассер |
kirschwasser |
New High German Kirschwasser |
(outdated) kirsch
|
китель |
kitel |
New High German smock |
Smock
|
китч |
kittsch |
kitsch |
kitsch
|
клей, клеить |
small, small |
|
Glue, glue
|
клейстер |
paste |
New High German paste |
paste
|
клёцки |
kljozki |
Polish Kloski <New High German dumpling <New High German dumpling |
Dumpling, dumpling
|
клюфт |
kljuft |
New High German Kluft |
Gap (in rock)
|
клякса |
kljaksa |
blob |
blob
|
кнопка |
knopka |
Low German or New High German button |
Button , drawing board pen, contact
button |
кнорпельверк |
cartilage |
New High German cartilage |
Cartilage , tubers
|
котлета |
kotleta |
chop |
Meatballs, meatballs
|
кран |
crane |
crane |
crane
|
кунсткамера |
art camera |
New High German Kunstkammer |
Antiques Museum
|
курорт |
spa |
New High German health resort |
Health resort , medicinal bath
|
Л
Russian |
transcription |
etymology |
Remarks
|
лагерь |
camp |
German camp |
Summer camp, labor camp, gulag
|
ландшафт |
landscape |
New High German landscape |
Landscape (as painting)
|
ледерхозе |
lederchose |
new high German leather pants
|
Lederhose
|
лейтмотив ? / i |
leitmotiv |
New High German leitmotif |
Leitmotif ; Basic idea
|
лобзик |
praise |
New High German fretsaw |
Fretsaw
|
лозунг |
solution |
Solution |
Motto, slogan , slogan
|
люк |
ljuk |
gap |
Flap, opening
|
люфт |
ljuft |
New High German air |
Loose, air , play
|
М
Russian |
transcription |
etymology |
Remarks
|
маклер |
estate agents |
New High German broker |
estate agents
|
маляр |
maljar |
New High German painter |
painter
|
маршал |
marshal |
Old High German marescalc |
Marshal
|
маршрут |
marshrut |
New High German marching route |
Itinerary, route
|
Маршрутка |
marshrutka |
New High German derived from marching route |
derived for line / shared taxi: " Marschrutka "
|
масштаб |
masschtab |
New High German standard |
scale
|
матовый |
matowy |
New High German matt |
matt , not shiny
|
матрац |
matraz |
New high German mattress |
mattress
|
миттельшпиль |
Mittelschpil |
New High German middle game |
Middle game (in chess game)
|
мундштук |
mundschtuk |
New High German mouthpiece - punched jaw |
Mouthpiece , attachment piece, bar bridle
|
мюсли |
mjusli |
New High German Muesli <Mus - каша, пюре |
Cereal .
|
Н
Russian |
transcription |
etymology |
Remarks
|
надфиль |
nadfil |
New High German needle file <needle |
File needle , needle file
|
нейблау |
neiblau |
new high German new blue |
Berlin blue
|
нейзильбер |
nickel silver |
New High German nickel silver |
Argentan, nickel silver , white brass, white copper
|
О
Russian |
transcription |
etymology |
Remarks
|
обер |
upper |
New High German Ober |
Often in tsarist titles such as: Обергофмейстер Oberhofmeister, Оберкамергер Oberkammerherr etc.
|
обшлаг |
obschlag |
New High German surcharge |
Cuff on the sleeve
|
ортштейн |
Ortschtein |
New High German Ortstein |
Ortstein
|
остарбайтер |
ostarbaiter |
New High German East Workers |
Eastern workers
|
П
Russian |
transcription |
etymology |
Remarks
|
Пекарня |
Peccary |
Von Bäcker (Middle High German becker) |
bakery
|
пакетбот |
package bot |
New High German package |
Mail ship
|
парикмахер |
parade maker |
New High German wig maker |
hair stylist
|
перламутр |
perlamutr |
New High German pearl mother, pearl mother < French mere-perle, Latin mater perlarum |
Mother-of-pearl
|
плакат |
poster |
poster |
poster
|
планка |
planka |
plank |
Bar, lath
|
пластырь |
plastyr |
band Aid |
band Aid
|
плац |
plaz |
New High German Platz < French place < Latin platea - street |
Place (for military purposes and sports)
|
полтергейст |
poltergeist |
New High German rumble |
Poltergeist , Klopfgeist
|
почтамт |
potschtamt |
New High German post office |
Main post office
|
пульт |
teacher's desk |
teacher's desk |
teacher's desk
|
пункт |
Point |
Point |
Job
|
путч |
Coup |
Swiss putsch "violent shock, collision, bang" |
Coup , conspiracy
|
Р
С
Russian |
transcription |
etymology |
Remarks
|
скелет |
skeleton |
German skeleton |
skeleton
|
скрупулёзный |
scrupulous |
New High German unscrupulous |
Sense in Russian: very precise, accurate, fussy
|
слесарь |
slessary |
New High German locksmith |
Locksmith , plumber
|
спринцевать |
sprinzewat |
inject new high German |
Do the washing up
|
стамеска |
stameska |
Low German stemmizn or New High German chisel |
Chisels , chisels
|
струбцина |
strubzina |
New High German screw clamp , Low German screw clamp |
Mounting bracket, screw clamp, screw jack, screw clamp , clasp, standing man,
clamp |
стул |
stul |
Low German chair (since 1319) |
chair
|
Т
У
Ф
Russian |
transcription |
etymology |
Remarks
|
факел |
flaw |
torch |
torch
|
фальшь |
not correct |
Polish falsz < Middle High German valsch |
Falsehood, insincerity
|
фальц |
fold |
Fold |
Fold, putty fold
|
фальцгебель |
hinge |
Rebate plane |
Rebate plane
|
фант |
fant |
Deposit |
Deposit (obsolete)
|
фартук |
fartuk |
Cloth |
apron
|
фейерверк ? / i |
fejerwerk |
New High German fireworks |
Fireworks
|
фильтр |
filtr |
filter |
filter
|
флагшток |
flagschtok |
Flagpole |
Flagpole, inclined or horizontal: flagpole
|
флейта |
fleita |
flute |
flute
|
флигель |
fligel |
wing |
Building wing, side building
|
фляжка |
fljaschka |
Polish flaszka <New High German bottle |
small metal bottle
|
форель |
forel |
Trout |
Trout
|
Х
Ц
Russian |
transcription |
etymology |
Remarks
|
цанга |
zanga |
New High German pliers |
Collet, expanding mandrel, pliers
|
цейтнот |
time pressure |
New High German Zeitnot |
Time constraint (in chess)
|
цель |
zel |
target |
target
|
цемент |
cement |
cement |
cement
|
церковь |
zerkov |
Old Bavarian Kirko < Old High German chirihha <Greek <Greek ???????? |
church
|
цех |
zech |
Polish cech <New High German colliery "Association of people of the same class" |
Guild , guild
|
цигарка |
zigarka |
cigar |
hand-rolled cigarette
|
цигейка |
zigeika |
goat |
Goat wool
|
циркуль |
tsirkul ' |
Circle |
Task Force, etc.
|
циркуляр |
circular |
New High German Circular < Latin circularis |
Circular
|
цитра |
citra |
zither |
zither
|
циферблат ? / i |
cifer leaf |
New High German dial |
Clock
face |
цоколь |
zokol |
base |
base
|
цуг |
train |
New High German Zug |
Team of three horses of the same color, educational prof. Train, a column, means of transport
|
цугом |
Zugom |
train |
in a team of two or three couples, coll. in a row
|
цугцванг |
zugzwang |
New High German Zugzwang |
Zugzwang (in chess)
|
Ш
Russian |
transcription |
etymology |
Remarks
|
шаблон |
stencil |
German stencil |
template
|
шайба |
shajba |
New High German disc |
Washer ; Puck (ice hockey)
|
шаль |
scarf |
German scarf |
cloth
|
шарнир |
sharnir |
German hinge |
hinge
|
шахта |
schachta |
New High German Schacht |
Shaft for mining ores
|
шибер |
schiber |
German slide |
Sliding device for closing a door or for closing the peephole on a cell door
|
шифер |
schifer |
New High German slate |
slate
|
ширма |
shield |
German umbrella |
Screen
|
шихта |
schichta |
New High German layer |
Charging good, batch, use, batch, topping, charging, Moller, shift, rate
|
шлагбаум ? / i |
turnpike |
New High German turnpike |
Turnpike, barrier
|
шланг |
snake |
New High German snake |
tube
|
шлиф |
grind |
German cut |
Craft
|
шлюз |
close |
Low German sluse, Middle Low German sluse < Latin ехclusa "Schleuse, Wehr" |
lock
|
шлягер |
schljager |
German Schlager
|
Bat
|
шнапс |
schnapps |
German schnapps |
Schnapps (vodka)
|
шницель |
schnizel |
New High German Schnitzel |
schnitzel
|
шноркель |
snorkel |
New High German snorkel |
snorkel
|
шнур, шнуровать |
cord, schnurowat |
German cord, lace |
Laces, lace up
|
шорле |
spritzer |
German spritzer |
spritzer
|
шпагат |
shpagat |
German balancing act |
Balancing act
|
шпатэль |
shpatel |
German spatula |
spatula
|
шпинат |
shpinach |
German spinach |
spinach
|
шпиндель |
clapboard |
German spindle |
spindle
|
шпион |
spy |
german spy |
spy
|
шпицрутены |
schpizruteny |
New High German pointed rods |
Run the gantlet
|
шплинт |
splint |
New High German Splint |
Sapwood
|
шприц |
schpriz |
New High German syringe <syringe |
syringe
|
шрам |
sham |
German scratch |
scar
|
шрифт |
font |
New High German script |
Writing , letters (in letterpress)
|
штаб |
shtab |
New High German rod - "because the rod has been the symbol of power since ancient times" |
Staff , the personnel belonging to the command
|
штанга |
shtanga |
New High German rod |
Rod (iron); Barbell ( heavy athletics )
|
штангенциркуль |
tangent circul |
German rod circle (drawing device) |
measuring stick
|
штапель |
staple |
German stack |
Cellulose pulp
|
штат |
schtat |
German state |
State
|
штатив |
shtatiw |
German tripod |
frame
|
штемпель |
schtempel |
New High German stamp |
stamp
|
штепсель |
pebble |
New High German plug |
Socket , plug , plug
|
штифт |
pen |
New High German pen |
small pen (technical; no pen)
|
штольня |
shtolnja |
German studs |
Tunnel (mining)
|
шток |
schtok |
New High German Stock |
Shaft, rod, stick
|
штопать |
schtopat |
Low German stoррen, Middle High German stuff "штопать" < Middle Latin stuppare <Greek |
Plug
|
штора |
shtora |
German store |
curtain
|
штрейкбрехер |
trip breaker |
New High German strike breaker |
Strikebreakers
|
штраф |
sharp |
New High German punishment |
Fine
|
штрих |
dash |
New High German dash |
Line ; Trait
|
штудировать |
shtudirowat |
study German |
to study
|
штука |
schtuka |
Polish sztuka <New High German piece |
Piece , prank, dizziness
|
штурм |
shower |
German assault |
Assault
|
Э
Ю
Russian |
transcription |
etymology |
Remarks
|
юнкер |
junker |
New High German Junker <and. jonk (he) he |
1. Sergeant of noble origin 2. Large landowner
|
юстировка |
justirowka |
adjust new high German < Latin justus |
Buoyancy
|
Я
Russian |
transcription |
etymology |
Remarks
|
ягдташ |
hunting bag |
New High German hunting bag |
Hunting bag
|
ярмарка |
jarmarka |
German fair |
Fair
|
Jargon
Mining, geology
Russian |
transcription |
etymology |
Remarks
|
абзетцер |
weaners |
New High German drop off < |
Weaners
|
аншлиф |
grind |
New High German cut |
Bevel
|
бергамт |
Bergamt |
New High German Bergamt |
(obsolete) Mining Authority in Eastern Siberia
|
гнейс |
gneiss |
New High German Gneiss < Old High German gneistan |
Gneiss
|
горст |
gorst |
New High German Horst |
Horst (geology)
|
грабен |
dig |
New High German Graben |
Digging (geology)
|
грейзен |
old age |
old new high German |
Old men
|
зандр |
sandr |
New High German Sandr <New High German Sand |
Sander
|
зицорт |
sizort |
New High German seat <sit + place |
Place of residence, in mining a place where the miner works sitting down or sitting down
|
зумпф |
swamp |
New High German swamp |
Drain, sump, sump
|
кар |
kar |
Old High German kar, Middle Low German kar (e) |
Kar
|
квершлаг |
kwerschlag |
New High German Querschlag |
Cross passage
|
корнцанги |
Kornzangi |
New High German corn tongs |
Forceps
|
маркшейдер |
markscheider |
New High German Markscheider |
Markscheider (surveying engineer in mining)
|
нерунги |
nerungi |
New High German spit |
Spit
|
Dog breeds
Russian |
transcription |
etymology |
Remarks
|
брусбарт |
beard |
New High German chest, beard |
Kind of hunting dog , cross between a poodle and a chicken dog with a particularly thick beard and shaggy snout
|
дратхаар |
dratchaar |
New High German wire + hair |
German Wirehaired Pointer
|
курцхаар |
short hair |
New High German Kurzhaar |
German Shorthaired Pointer
|
лангхаар |
langchaar |
New High German long hair |
German longhaired hair
|
миттельшнауцер |
medium schnauzer |
New High German Middle Schnauzer |
Medium Schnauzer (also called Standard Schnauzer or simply Schnauzer)
|
мопс |
pug |
New High German Mops < Dutch Mopperen - making a grumpy face <Dutch Mopen |
pug
|
пудель |
poodle |
New High German poodle <pudeln - splashing in the water |
poodle
|
ризеншнауцер |
risenschnauzer |
New High German giant schnauzer |
Giant schnauzer
|
такса |
taksa |
New High German badger |
Dachshund , dachshund
|
цвергшнауцер |
miniature schnauzer |
New High German Miniature Schnauzer |
Miniature Schnauzer
|
шпиц |
schpiz |
New High German Spitz (the same because of pointed ears and pointed snouts) |
Pointed
|
Life at court
Russian |
transcription |
etymology |
Remarks
|
камердинер |
camera diner |
Valet |
Valet
|
кучер |
coachman |
coachman |
coachman
|
фрейлина |
Freilina |
German Miss |
Lady in waiting
|
церемониймейстер |
master of ceremonies |
Master of ceremonies |
Master of ceremonies
|
шлейф |
grinding |
grind |
train
|
Medicine, stomatology
Russian |
transcription |
etymology |
Remarks
|
бикс |
biks |
New High German bixen or rifle |
Sterilizing drum, sterilizing sleeve
|
бинт |
bint |
New High German band |
Binding , Bandage, roller bandage
|
капа |
kapa |
New High German Карре |
Mouthguard
|
кламмер |
bracket |
New High German bracket |
Bracket (stomatology, surgery)
|
пустер |
blow |
New High German Puster |
Rubber balloon- air blower
|
трипер |
gonorrhea |
Low German md. Tripper <trippen - drip |
Gonorrhea, gonorrhea
|
флюс |
fljus |
New High German river - rheumatic suffering < Latin fluere <(loan translation) Greek ????? - flow |
Tooth ulcer, river
|
шина |
shina |
New High German rail |
rail
|
шприц |
schpriz |
New High German syringe |
syringe
|
штопфер |
sacrifice |
New High German stuffer |
Tamper , tamping instrument
|
Military affairs
Russian |
transcription |
etymology |
Remarks
|
абшнит |
cut off |
New High German section |
(obsolete) section . Part of a fortification, separated from the other by an earth wall and a moat
|
берейтор |
ready |
New High German preparer |
Rider of horses
|
бивак |
bivouac |
French bivouac < Low German bivouac "Beiwache" outdoors next to the main guard house housed in a building |
(Gallicism) encampment .
|
блендунг |
glare |
New High German glare |
Fascine defense (fortification)
|
блицкриг |
blizzy |
New High German Blitzkrieg |
flash war
|
блокгауз |
blokgaus |
New High German Blockhaus (house with walls made of tree trunks) |
(obsolete) log house (as a defense system)
|
болверк |
bolwerk |
New High German bulwark |
bastion
|
брандер |
fire |
New High German Brander |
Incendiary ship
|
бруствер |
tough |
New High German parapet |
Parapet (loopholes)
|
вахмистр |
wachmistr |
polish wachmistrz < ostmdt. Wachtmeester - New High German Wachtmeister |
Sergeant , senior sergeant in a squadron
|
гаубица |
gaubiza |
howitzer |
howitzer
|
гросс-мессер |
large knife |
New High German large knife, cutting knife |
large knife (a bladed weapon often used around 1500)
|
гильза |
gilsa |
New High German sleeve - оболочка, втулка |
Cartridge case
|
дунст |
haze |
New High German haze |
Haze . Finest shot
|
ефрейтор |
efreitor |
New High German private |
Private , military. rank
|
квартирмейстер |
kwartirmeister |
New High German Quartermaster |
Quartermaster
|
кронверк |
crown work |
New High German Kronwerk |
Exterior fortification
|
ландскнехт |
landsknecht |
New High German Landsknecht |
Landsknecht
|
патронташ |
patrontasch |
New High German cartridge pouch |
Cartridge pouch , cartridge belt
|
рейтар |
reitar |
Polish raytar <New High German rider |
Armored rider , soldier on horseback
|
фаустпатрон |
patron saint |
new high German fist cartridge |
Fist cartridge
|
фельдмаршал |
field marshal |
Field Marshal |
Field Marshal
|
фельдфебель |
field fog |
New High German Sergeant |
sergeant
|
фельдшер |
Feldscher |
Feldscher |
Feldscher (senior paramedic, from field surgeon)
|
шанец |
schanez |
Polish szaniec <New High German Schanze - defense construction in the field, basket |
Schanze , small fortification
|
штаб |
shtab |
Rod |
(Leadership / General) Staff
|
Economy, stock market, finance
Russian |
transcription |
etymology |
Remarks
|
бухгалтер |
Buchgalter |
New High German accountant |
Accountant
|
вексель |
weksel |
New High German change |
Bill of exchange , bond
|
гешефт |
business |
New High German business |
business
|
гроссбух |
capital book |
New High German large book |
Capital book
|
грюндерство |
grjunderstwo |
New High German founding |
Founding period
|
декорт |
decor |
New High German decor |
Decor , deduction
|
крах |
crash |
New High German noise |
Collapse; Fail; Bankrupt
|
маклер |
estate agents |
Low German Makler <Low German Maken |
Brokers , intermediaries
|
фрахт |
freight |
Dutch vracht or New High German freight |
Freight , freight charge
|
штандорт |
location |
New High German location |
Advantageous arrangement of industrial companies
|
штафель |
blackboard |
New High German seasons |
Balance account
|
seafaring
Russian |
transcription |
etymology |
Remarks
|
боцман |
bozman |
New High German boatswain |
|
капитан |
captain |
New High German captain |
|
каюта |
kajuta |
New High German cabin |
|
камбуз |
cambus |
New High German galley |
|
люк |
ljuk |
New High German Luke |
Hatch (also outside of seafaring)
|
матрос |
sailor |
New High German sailor |
|
флот |
afloat |
New High German fleet |
|
флотилия |
flotilija |
New High German flotilla |
fleet
|
шлюпка |
schljupka |
New High German sloop |
small rowboat
|
штиль |
schtil |
New High German silence |
Calm
|
шторм |
schtorm |
New High German Sturm |
|
штурман |
schturman |
New High German helmsman |
Helmsman (also in aviation)
|
юнга |
junga |
New High German boy |
Cabin boy
|
яхта |
jachta |
Dutch jacht < Middle Low German jachtschip "Jagdschiff" |
|
The use of the Stockholm dialect is particularly rich in German loanwords and Germanisms, i.e. linguistic constructions that actually come from the German language. The reason for this wealth is the interaction of the two languages during the Hanseatic period.
- but - in the sense of but, obstacle, objection
- avnämare - takers; from: goods
- know it all - know it all
- bratwurst - bratwurst
- daler - thaler
- durkslag - colander, colander
- fogsvans - Foxtail saw
- eat found - eat found
- Gesäll - journeyman
- goulash baron - nouveau riche , someone who enriches himself with dark business (e.g. groceries in times of crisis)
- business - business (disparaging, in the sense of tailoring money)
- throat flow - tonsillitis
- Heila - show the Hitler salute
- hillebard - halberd
- broken - broken
- ont krut - coll. for weeds
- profilbild - profile picture
- schnitzel - schnitzel
- snelltåg - express train
- about - ug. in compositions
- approximately - approximately
- väck - away, as in take away, etc.
- from above - seen from above (figuratively)
- wallraffa - research under a false identity; after Günter Wallraff
- exhaust - exhaust
- blinker - blinker
- bremza - brakes
- bremzpakne - brake shoes
- cagati - hesitate, hesitate
- cajt - time
- cegel - brick
- cilj - goal
- cimer - roommate, roommate
- cvirn - thread
- cukr - sugar
- fergazer carburetor
- firnk - curtain
- handlanje - action
- lever - lever
- hec - hustle and bustle
- kič - kitsch
- kremšnita - cream slices (cake)
- lajšta - groin
- Laufanje - running
- lojtra - head
- luster - chandelier
- mašna - mesh
- nagelj - carnation
- pir - beer
- puter - butter
- šajba - disc
- šaflja - shovel
- šimfanje - scolding
- šlavf - hose
- špeh - bacon
- šporhet - stove
- šport - sport
- špukanje - spitting
- šravf - screw
- šravfenciger - screwdriver
- štel - frame
- štemajzelj - chisels
- štrudelj - strudel
- švicanje - sweating
- švinglanje - dizziness
- vaza - vase
- ziherica - locking ring
- žajfa - soap
- žnura - cord
- chucrut - sauerkraut
- delicatessen - delicacies
- estrudel - strudel, e.g. B. Apple strudel
- Dasein - Dasein (philosophy)
- foot - by foot! (Dog command)
- here here! (Dog command)
- hinterland - hinterland
- iceberg - iceberg
- kaiser - historically for the German Kaiser, regional and for the playing card king needed
- broken - broken
- children - kindergarten in Latin America; got into Spanish via the English kindergarten
- kitsch - kitsch
- cake - cake (Chile)
- kursaal - Kursaal
- leitmotiv - leitmotif
- lever - liver sausage (Argentina)
- rag - rag (Peru)
- muesli - muesli
- place - place! (Dog command)
- poltergeist - poltergeist
- sit - sit! (Dog command)
- vals - waltz
- ahead - ahead! (Dog command)
- Weltanschauung - Weltanschauung
- zeitgeist - zeitgeist
- bruda - friar
- -dachi - German (outdated, today: -jerumani)
- hela - money; from: Heller
- maneva - maneuver
- mashine - machine
- shule - school
- arkýř - bay window
- cihelna, cihla - brickworks, brick
- cíl - goal
- cukr - sugar
- there - pie
- drát - wire
- facka - slap in the face (< A cunt)
- fajnšmekr - gourmet, connoisseur
- falšovat - fake
- farář - pastor
- fešák - beautiful (< A fesch)
- flaška - bottle
- fotr - father (pejorative)
- fusekle - socks (<foot socks)
- grázl - Grasel
- grupa - group
- hadr - lobe (< A rag )
- hajzl - toilet; also as a swear word "ty hajzle", you depp '(< A Häusl)
- hajzlpapír ( very casual ) - toilet paper (< A "house paper")
- hausknecht - house servant
- hausmajstr - caretaker
- hochštapler - impostor, show-off
- kacíř - heretic
- kachl, kachlík - tile
- kachlák - tiled stove
- kajuta - cabin
- broken - broken
- klenot - jewelry (<gem)
- ksicht - grimace (<face)
- kšeft - shop (for both a trade and a shop)
- kufr - suitcase
- kýbl - bucket (<bucket)
- líbesbríf ( casually ) - Love Letter
- majstrštyk ( casually ) - masterpiece
- malíř - painter
- Ortel - judgment
- papír - paper
- polštář - pillow (< A pillow )
- pekař - baker
- pucovat - clean, clean
- pumpa - gas station (<pump)
- regál - shelf
- ruksak - backpack
- sichhajcka - safety pin
- sál - hall
- šablona - stencil
- šafář - foreman (<Schaffer)
- šálek - cup (< A bowl)
- sekýrovat - A seck
- šenk, in: vinný šenk - wine tavern (<tavern)
- šorc - apron
- šnuptychl - sniff cloth (<"snuff cloth")
- šňůra - cord
- špagát - string (< A splits )
- špajz - pantry (< A food)
- špárkasa - savings bank
- spořit - save
- šroub - screw
- šroubovák - screwdrivers, screwdrivers
- štamgast - regular guest
- štrúdl - apple strudel
- šuplík - drawer
- švagr, švagrová - brother-in-law, sister-in-law
- stodola - barn; from: Stadl
- tác, tácek - A Tazerl
- trychtýř - funnel
- tancovat, tanec - dance, dance
- vana - tub
- vata - cotton wool
- vercajk - tool
"Ş" corresponds to German "sch"
- aysberg - iceberg
- Alshaymer - Alzheimer's
- housing glass - beaker
- bitter - bitter
- difenbahya - Dieffenbachia , a plant
- diril - drill
- dowels - dowels
- faşing - carnival
- feldspar - feldspar
- fertik - train attendants (they always called "ready" when the train was ready to depart)
- filinta - shotgun
- Foksvogen - Volkswagen
- fuspet - footbed
-
German Studies - German Studies
- gestalt - gestalt
- gnays - gneiss
- Göztepe - name for a Walther P38 . Derived from the Gestapo , for whom it was supposedly developed.
- dig - dig
- grossmarket - wholesale market
- haymatlos - homeless
- hinterlant - hinterland
- hornblent - hornblent
- horst -
- broken - broken, failed; actual meaning: "bonnet"
- karst -
- kayzer - emperor
- kuruş - penny
- laytmotif - leitmotif
- loess - loess
- mark - mark
- marka - brand
- gun on the manufacturer: - Mavzer. Mauser due
- Nazi - Nazi
- otoban - highway
- otopark - car park / parking lot
- panzer - tanks
- rate - rat
- driver -
- ringa -
- şalter - switch
- şinitzel - schnitzel
- şipidak - sunroof
- sofa - sofa
- tekniker - technician
- tifdruk - gravure printing
- tonmayster - sound engineer
- tulip - tulip
- vaks - wax
- vasistas - skylight (see French: "vasistas")
- guess - wormwood
- zeplin - zeppelin
- бурштин (burschtyn) - amber
- дах (roof) - roof
- драйфус (drajfus) - tripod , three-legged stool , stool
- дріт (third) - wire
- пляшка, фляжка (pljaschka, fljaschka) - bottle
- фах (fach) - subject, subject, specialty, occupation
- фарба (farba) - color
- ґвалт (gwalt) - violence
- квиток (kwytok) - receipt
- кнайпа (knajpa) - pub
- крейда (krejda) - chalk
- куля (kulja) - sphere
- ліхтар (lichtar) - candlesticks
- майстер (majster) - master
- малювати (maljuwaty) - paint
- маршрутка (marschrutka) - shared taxi on fixed routes (march / travel route, маршрут)
- мур (mur) - wall
- плюндрувати (pljundruwaty) - plunder
- шухляда (schuchljada) - drawer
- поштамт (poschtamt) - post office
- шпиталь (schpital) - hospital
- смарагд (smarahd) - emerald
- кахель (tile) - tile
- краватка (krawatka) - tie
- папір (papir) - paper
- ціль (zil) - the goal
In the case of Hungarian, there are a number of words that come from German. The reason for this abundance of German words in the Hungarian language, apart from the geographical proximity, is the 1000-year-old cultural and historical coexistence that took place under Austria-Hungary (1867-1919) and under the Habsburg rule (1526 –1919) completed. It was already quite common in Hungary for educated people to speak German among each other, and most scientific works in Hungary were published in German.
Pronunciation: c for ts, cs for ch, s for sch, sz for voiceless s (ß), z for voiced s
- anslusz - annexation of Austria in 1938
- afektált - affected
- ármányos - cunning, scheming; from: Middle High German arm-man - poor man / farmer. In Hungarian, the meaning changed first to rascal and thief, then to mischievous, cunning.
- bakfis - adolescent girl, fried fish
- bakter - night watchman, railway attendant; from: Wächter, first document 1728
- bál - ball
- báró - baron
- receipt - receipt of purchase
- bifláz - to buffalo
- bliccelni - mine bounce, dodging : from flash
- recorder - recorder
- blokkolni - block / block
- bódé - booth
- Börze - stock exchange
- borosta - brush
- cech - colliery, payment for food and drinks
- colstok - folding rule; First document in 1833
- copf - braid
- cumi - pacifier ; from: zuzeln
- dajer, permanent - perm
- dekni - lid
- drill - drill
- drót - wire
- dunsztol - steam
- eszcájg - eating utensils, cutlery (obsolete)
- fácán - pheasant
- fájront - after work
- fakszni - faxing
- falcolni - making folds, tinsmiths, bottlers
- fánk - pancakes
- fater - father
- filter - filter
- firhang - curtain (obsolete)
- firnisz - varnish, first document 1753
- flekken - a kind of roast beef; after German stains
- froclizni - to tease
- breakfast, breakfast, breakfast; outdated; borrowed as fölöstököm in the 14th century
- fuccs - gone
- fukar - stingy, curmudgeon; after the Fugger patrician family from Augsburg
- furmányos - carter; outdated
- furnéroz - veneer; First document 1809
- fuszekli - socks, foot
- géz - gauze
- giccs - kitsch
- gipsz - plaster of paris
- glanc - shine
- gróf - count
- gumi - rubber
- gyolcs - canvas; named after the word kölsch in the 14th century , as the city of Cologne was an important center of the textile industry.
- háklis - tricky
- hecc - agitation; in the sense of joke
- hecsedli - A Hetscherl = rose hip
- herring - herring
- herceg - duke ; already occupied around 1405
- hokedli - stool
- hózentróger - braces
- indiáner - A Indian donut = chocolate kiss
- istrang - strand
- kártya - card
- kártyázni - card games
- keksz - biscuit; First document in 1873, originally borrowed into German from English cakes (small cakes)
- kel - savoy cabbage; from: Kohl
- kifli - A Kipferl
- klingertégla - clinker stone
- Kobold - Kobold
- suitcase - suitcase
- alcohol - lies, fiction; from "cooking" to the meaning of "boiling something out" to "inventing something, lying"
- kolonc - block
- kóstolni - cost
- koszt - food
- crash - stock market crash, bankruptcy
- kredenc - showcase
- krigli - jug
- krumpli - A grumberry, ground pear = potato
- kuglizni - bowling
- kuglóf - bowl cake; from: Gugelhupf
- kukkolni - look, look
- kuncsaft - customer; from: customers, first document 1753 (colloquial)
- clutch - clutch
- kussolni - kush
- lamentálni - to lament
- lakk - varnish; First document from 1783.
- lazur - glaze; First document 1635
- liliom - lily; see. with Turkish "Lale"
- likőr - liqueur
- lózung - solution
- lufi - air balloon
- májszter - master; First document 1816
- míder - bodice
- muszáj - to be necessary, a must
- müzli - muesli
- nokedli - dumplings
- núdli - noodle
- ostrom - attack; from: Sturm (attack)
- puff - flabbergasted
- palacsinta - pancakes
- paradicsom - A tomato = tomato
- partvis - brush made of bristles; from: Austrian "Bartwisch"
- bad luck = bad luck
- pék - baker; after the southern German Beck , first document 1799
- perec - pretzel
- préselni - squeeze out, push through
- prézli - crumbs = breadcrumbs
- próbálni - try on / try on
- puccs - coup
- pucol - clean, squat; from: cleaning
- puncs - Puntsch
- pumpa - pump
- raccsol - not properly mastering the tip of the tongue; from: Bavarian "ratschen"
- radírgumi - eraser
- rapli - Rappel
- ringlispil - A roundabout game = carousel
- rükverc - reverse gear on vehicles
- saccolni - appreciate
- sál - shawl
- sámli - stool
- seftelni - do business
- sikk - chic
- sín - rail
- sintér - Schinder, skinner , first document 1780
- slafrok - dressing gown
- sláger - hit, hit
- slendriánság - Schlendrian
- smakol - taste
- smarni - Kaiserschmarrn
- smirgli - emery paper; First document in 1788
- smuzig - coll. stingy
- snidling - chives
- snájdig - dashing, well-cut (obsolete)
- spájz - A food = pantry
- sparhert - southern Spaar stove, kitchen stove, cooking area
- spórolni - save
- spriccel - syringe
- svindli - dizziness
- svung - swing
- stempli - stamp
- surc - apron; after southern German "Schur", first document 1604
- suszter - shoemaker; First document in 1766
- tinglitangli - tingeln
- tipli - dowels
- torta - cake
- traccs - gossip
- tróger - carrier; coll. unskilled workers, pej. disparaging: useless
- tusolni - shower
- tussolni - to wash
- vándorol - hiking
- váza - vase
- vekker - alarm clock
- vekni - rolls, awakening
- vicc - joke
- vigéc - boars, advertisers, wandering traders; according to German "How are you?" (outdated)
- vircsaft - economy - in the sense of "doing something" (colloquial)
- virsli - sausages
- vurstli - A Gewurschtel, in the sense of fair, fair
- zacc - coffee grounds
- zihereisztű - safety pin (obsolete)
- zokni - socks
- zsemle - bread roll
- zsinor - cord
- цэгла (zehla) - brick
- чынш (chynsch) - interest
- дах (roof) - roof
- дрот (drot) - wire
- друк (druk) - pressure
- файна (fajna) - fine
- фальш, фальшаваць (false, falseawaz) - false, fake
- фарба (farba) - color
- ґвалт (gwalt) - violence
- гандаль (handal) - trade
- гатунак (hatunak) - variety, genus
- гешэфт (hescheft) - business
- кірха (kircha) - Protestant church
- кляйнот (kljajnot) - gem
- кнопка (knopka) - button
- кошт (koscht) - cost
- кшталт (kschtalt) - kind, shape
- кучар (kutschar) - coachman
- куфэрак (kuferak) - suitcase, chest
- куля (kulja) - shooting ball
- квіток (kwitok) - receipt
- ліхтар (lichtar) - candlesticks
- майстар (majstar) - master
- маляваць (maljawaz) - paint
- мур (mur) - wall
- паштамт (pashtamt) - post office
- пляц (pljaz) - place
- помпа (pompa) - pump
- пункт (point) - point
- рабаўнік (rabaunik) - robbers
- рахаваць, рахунак (rachawaz, rachunak) - to count, to count
- ратунак (ratunak) - salvation
- ратуша (ratuscha) - City Hall
- рэшта (reschta) - rest
- рукзак (ruksak) - backpack
- рыхтык (rychtyk) - right, exactly
- рызыка (rysyka) - risk
- шлягер (schljaher) - Schlager
- шляйф, шлейф (schljajf, schlejf) - loop
- штэмпэль (schtempel) - stamp
- штольня (shtolnja) - studs
- штрых (schtrych) - line
- штыфт (schtyft) - pen
- швагер (schwaher) - brother-in-law
- шпацыраваць, шпацыр (shpazyrawaz, shpazyr) - walking, strolling
- шыба (schyba) - disc
- шыхт (schycht) - layer, row
- шынка (schynka) - ham
- шырма (shyrma) - screen
- талер (taler) - thaler
- талерка (talerka) - plate
- варштат (warschtat) - workshop
- варта (warta) - wait
- вартасьць (wartasz) - value
- balaistift (today also “pensil” from English “pencil”) - pencil
- pray (today also “prea” from English “to pray”) - pray
- bensin - gasoline, fuel
- binen - bee
- blood - blood
- boamasin - drill
- brait - broad, broad
- bruda - Catholic lay brother
- esik - vinegar
- fork (today also “pok” from English “fork”) - fork, pitchfork
- gumi - rubber
- hama - hammer
- house selt - tent
- hebsen - peas
- planer - planer
- kail - wedge
- kailim tok - to express oneself obscured or unclear; from: Keil (used as verb: kailim + tok; from Engl. "talk")
- kuken - small cake
- laim - glue, glue
- slowly - walk slowly, dawdle
- maisel - chisel
- maski - don't worry! No matter!
- plang - plank
- plasta - plaster
- prista - priest
- out - go! Out of the way!
- rausim - emptying, discharging, throwing away / throwing out, cleaning
- ros - rust
- ruksack - backpack; maybe via British English backpack
- strafim - punish
- supkar - wheelbarrow
- surikim or srukim - undo, go backwards; from: back
Other languages
- krumpli - potato; from: "Grundbirne" (in Banat , Serbia )
- pompe benzin - gas station ( Persian )
- Plaster - adhesive plaster (entered into all languages of Togo )
- Sündapp - Zündapp ; Synonym for motorcycle, moped (in Togo, West Africa )
- broken - when something is destroyed (Luganda, Lutoro and other languages in Uganda )
- kohlrabi - Kohlrabi ( Afghanistan )
- kaisa - emperor ( Samoan )
- kumi - rubber ( Marshallese )
- karmoból - gramophone ( Palauian )
Planned languages
Also planned languages such as Esperanto or Yiddish include words from the German language. Examples from Esperanto: hela (= bright), glata (= smooth), baki (= bake), laŭta (= loud), laŭ (= loud, according to), danki (= thank), trinki (= drink), ŝteli (= steal), ŝvebi (= float), baldaŭ (= soon), anstataŭ (= instead of), ŝranko (= cupboard), hundo (= dog), ŝajno (= appearance), hejmo (= home), ŝultro (= Shoulder), haŭto (= skin), haro (= hair), knabo (= boy).
See also
Loan and foreign words in German:
literature
Individual evidence
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↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Gëzim Xhaferri and Ferit Rrustemi (2017): On the current situation of the German language and German studies in Albanian-speaking countries - in: Csaba Földes (ed.), Centers and Peripheries - German and its intercultural relations in Central Europe, contributions to intercultural German studies, volume 7. Tübingen, Narr Francke Attempto Verlag, pp. 293–303, here p. 295. ISBN 978-3-8233-8075-7 .
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↑ Politics Slangordbog , 4th ed . 1989.
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↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Det Danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab (ed.): Den Danske Ordbog. 6 volumes, Gyldendal, Copenhagen 2003–2005, also online .
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↑ a b c d e f g h i Åge Nielsen, Niels: Dansk Etymologisk Ordbog - Ordenes Historie . Gyldendal, Copenhagen 2nd edition 1991.
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^ Article by in the Danish Wikipedia and "Om anvendelsen af 'by' i danske navne" , Danmarks Adels Aarbog .
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↑ Finnish "Kaffepaussi" not German? on Science.ORF.at on December 11, 2006, accessed on August 20, 2020.
-
↑ a b Frogleap: German words in the French language. (online) .
-
^ William Jervis Jones: Historical Lexicon of German Color Designations . De Gruyter 2013, p. 504 .
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↑ Etymology - Germanisms
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↑ Keyword Boulevard . In: Wolfgang Pfeifer et al .: Etymological Dictionary of German (1993), digitized and revised version in the Digital Dictionary of the German Language, < https://www.dwds.de/d/wb-etymwb >, accessed on August 21, 2020.
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↑ Sara Lemel: About "spatulas" and "Strudeln" - in Hebrew a lot still sounds German. In: The Berlin literary criticism. February 3, 2010, accessed June 23, 2019 .
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↑ Hugh Brody: Hunters of the North. People in the Canadian Arctic. Hammer-Verlag, Wuppertal 1998, p. 165 f.
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↑ Taeko Kamiya: Tuttle New Dictionary of Loanwords in Japanese: A User's Guide to Gairaigo, Tuttle 1994 ( Online at Google books )
-
^ A b c Mark Irwin: Loanwords in Japanese. (= Studies in Language Companion Series. 125). Amsterdam / Philadelphia 2011, pp. 50–53.
-
↑ Siedenberg, Besservisser ... p. 156 ( online at Google books )
-
↑ German words in the Latvian language
-
^ German words in the Dutch language
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↑ know-it-all. (No longer available online.) In: Bokmålsordboka. Formerly in the original ; Retrieved February 8, 2013 (Norwegian). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.nob-ordbok.uio.no
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↑ dexterity. In: Store norske leksikon . Retrieved February 8, 2013 (Norwegian).
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↑ a b postplay. (No longer available online.) In: Bokmålsordboka. Archived from the original on April 23, 2014 ; Retrieved February 8, 2013 (Norwegian). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.nob-ordbok.uio.no
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↑ founder. (No longer available online.) In: Bokmålsordboka. Formerly in the original ; Retrieved February 8, 2013 (Norwegian). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.nob-ordbok.uio.no
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↑ katzenjammer. (No longer available online.) In: Bokmålsordboka. Archived from the original on November 1, 2014 ; Retrieved February 8, 2013 (Norwegian). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.nob-ordbok.uio.no
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↑ broken. In: Bokmålsordboka. Retrieved October 4, 2018 (Norwegian).
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↑ or otherwise. (No longer available online.) In: Bokmålsordboka. Formerly in the original ; Retrieved February 8, 2013 (Norwegian). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.nob-ordbok.uio.no
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↑ slager. (No longer available online.) In: Bokmålsordboka. Archived from the original on November 1, 2014 ; Retrieved February 8, 2013 (Norwegian). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.nob-ordbok.uio.no
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↑ snikksnakk. In: Bokmålsordboka. Retrieved October 4, 2018 (Norwegian).
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↑ foreplay. (No longer available online.) In: Bokmålsordboka. Archived from the original on April 23, 2014 ; Retrieved February 8, 2013 (Norwegian). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.nob-ordbok.uio.no
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↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Władysław Kopaliński: Słownik wyrazów obcych i zwrotów obcojęzycznych. Warsaw 2007, ISBN 978-83-7399-222-1 , also online ( memento of the original dated August 28, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.slownik-online.pl
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↑ Słownik języka polskiego pod redakcją Witolda Doroszewskiego: rausz
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↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da Vasmer: Russian etymological dictionary .
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↑ a b c d С. М. Локшина: Краткий словарь иностранных слов , Издательство "Советская энциклопедия" 1971.
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↑ a b c А. Ю. Ишлинский: Новый политехнический словарь , "Большая Российская Энциклопедия", 2000.
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↑ a b c d А. Н. Криштошевич: Геологический словарь , vol. 1, Издательство "Госгеолтехиздат" 1955.
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↑ Григорьев: Краткая географическая энциклопедия , Vol. 4, Хинтерланд
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↑ a b c d e И. В. Лёхин: Словарь иностранных слов , Государственное издательство иностранных и национальных словаре .
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↑ А. Н. Чудинов: Словарь иностранных слов, вошедших в состав русского языка , Брусбарт
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↑ Л. П. Крысин: Толковый словарь иностранных слов , дратхаар
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↑ Л. П. Крысин: Толковый словарь иностранных слов , Шприц
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↑ a b В. Даль: Толковый словарь живого великорусскаго языка , Том 1, Изданiе поставщиковъ двовора ЕКГО ВАЕАВАТО РИМАТО.ЕМАМ ВАМАТО.ЕМ ВАМАТО. О. Вольф, Москва, 1903.
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↑ Словарь русского языка XVIII века . Вып. 1. А – Безпристрастие, Наука, Ленинград, 1984ff, p. 12
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↑ Словарь русского языка XVIII века . Вып. 2. Безпристрастный a – Вейэр., Наука, Ленинград 1984ff, p. 61
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↑ Словарь русского языка XVIII века . Вып. 2. Безпристрастный – Вейэр, Наука, Ленинград 1984ff, pp. 68–69
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↑ Словарь русского языка XVIII века . Вып. 11. Крепость – Льняной, Наука, Ленинград, 1984ff, p. 33
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↑ Ádám Nádasdy: Hungarian - a golden cage? Hungary, the book fair focus 1999. Why the Hungarian language is so unique in the world (PDF); in: Die Zeit, issue 42/1999.
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↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo A. Stiberc: Sauerkraut, Weltschmerz, Kindergarten & Co. Freiburg i. Br. 1999, pp. 58-69.
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↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Janna Lisa Zimmermann: The Increasing Anglicization of Tok Pisin. An Analysis of the Wantok Corpus. Dissertation. Heidelberg 2010, p. 19 ( online (PDF; 3.86 MB))
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↑ a b c Stefan Engelberg: Kaisa, Kumi, Karmoból. German loan words in the languages of the South Pacific (PDF; 1.0 MB), In: Institute for German Language (Hrsg.): Sprachreport. 04/2006, Mannheim, pp. 2–9, here p. 2.