September 21

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Template:Linked-title is the 264th day of the year (265th in leap years). There are 101 days remaining.

Events

• 454 - Roman Emperor Valentinian III assassinates Aëtius in his own throne room.
• 1745 - Battle of Prestonpans: A Hanoverian army under the command of Sir John Cope is defeated, in ten minutes, by the Jacobite forces of Prince Charles Edward Stuart
• 1765 - Antoine de Beauterne announces he had killed the Beast of Gévaudan, but was later proved wrong by more attacks.
• 1780 - American Revolutionary War: Benedict Arnold gives the British the plans to West Point.
• 1792 - The French National Convention votes to abolish the monarchy.
• 1827 - According to Joseph Smith, Jr., the angel Moroni gave him a record of gold plates, one-third of which Joseph translated into The Book of Mormon.
• 1860 - In the Second Opium War, an Anglo-French force defeats Chinese troops at the Battle of Baliqiao.
• 1896 - British force under Horatio Kitchener takes Dongola in the Sudan.
• 1897 - The "Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus" letter is published in the New York Sun.
• 1898 - Empress Dowager Cixi seizes power and ends the Hundred Days' Reform in China.
• 1921 - Oppau explosion, a storage silo at a fertilizer producing plant exploded in Oppau, Germany, 500—600 killed.
• 1937 - J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit is published.
• 1938 - The Great Hurricane of 1938 makes landfall on Long Island in New York. The death toll is estimated at 500-700 people.
• 1939 - Romanian Prime Minister Armand Calinescu is assassinated by pro-Nazi members of the Iron Guard.
• 1942 - On Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur, Nazis sent over 1.000 Jews of Pidhaytsi (west Ukraine) to Belzec extermination camp.
• 1942 - On the end of Yom Kippur, the Germans ordered Konstantynow Jews (Poland) to permanently evacuate Konstantynow and move to the Ghetto - established in Biala Podlaska, meant to assemble Jews from nearby 7 towns among them: Konstantynow, Janów Podlaski, Rossosz, Terespol, and 3 more.
• 1942 - In Dunaivtsi, Ukraine, Nazis murder 2588 Jews.
• 1942 - The B-29 Superfortress makes its maiden flight.
• 1950 - George Marshall sworn in as the 3rd Secretary of Defense of United States.
• 1964 - Malta becomes independent from the United Kingdom.
• 1964 - The North American XB-70 Valkyrie, the world's first Mach 3 bomber, made its maiden flight from Palmdale, California.
• 1970 - The Cleveland Browns beat the New York Jets at Cleveland Municipal Stadium 31-20 on the first edition of Monday Night Football.
• 1970 - New York Times starts first modern op-ed page.
• 1972 - Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos issues Proclamation No. 1081 placing the entire country under martial law.
• 1976 - Orlando Letelier is assassinated in Washington, D.C. He was a member of the Chilean socialist government of Salvador Allende, overthrown in 1973 by Augusto Pinochet.
• 1979 - Two RAF Hawker-Siddeley Harrier jump-jets from RAF Wittering collide over the UK. Both pilots ejected safely. One of the jets broke up in midair and fell harmlessly into a field but the other dropped onto the centre of Wisbech in Cambridgeshire, destroying two houses and a bungalow. Several people were injured in the accident - including a mother and her baby - and 3 people are killed.
• 1981 - Belize is granted full independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1981 - Sandra Day O'Connor, is unanimously approved by the senate as the first female supreme court justice.
• 1989 - Hurricane Hugo makes landfall in the U.S. state of South Carolina.
• 1991 - Armenia is granted independence from Soviet Union.
• 1993 - Russian President Boris Yeltsin suspends parliament and scraps the then-functioning constitution, thus triggering the Russian constitutional crisis of 1993.
• 1995 - The Hindu milk miracle occurs, in which statues of the Hindu god Ganesh began drinking milk when spoonfuls were placed near their mouths.
• 1999 - Chi-Chi earthquake occurs in central Taiwan, leaving about 2,400 people dead.
• 2001 - Deep Space 1 flies within 2,200 km of Comet Borrelly.
• 2001 - AZF chemical plant explodes in Toulouse, France, killing 29 people.
• 2001 - Ten days after the September 11th terrorist attacks, New York City fans are able to cheer again, as the New York Mets face thier rivals, the Atlanta Braves at Shea Stadium. Many survivors and victims' family members who were at the game were brought to their feet when Mike Piazza gave the Mets a 3-2 win with a dramatic HR to centerfield in the 8th Inning.
• 2003 - Galileo mission terminated by sending the probe into Jupiter's atmosphere, where it is crushed by the pressure at the lower altitudes.
• 2004 - The Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) People's War and the Maoist Communist Centre of India merge to form the Communist Party of India (Maoist).

Births

• 1328 - Hongwu Emperor of China (d. 1398)
• 1411 - Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, claimant to the English throne (d. 1460)
• 1415 - Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1493)
• 1428 - Jingtai Emperor of China (d. 1457)
• 1452 - Girolamo Savonarola, Dominican priest and ruler of Florence (d. 1498)
• 1629 - Philip Cardinal Howard, English Catholic cardinal (d. 1694)
• 1645 - Louis Joliet, Canadian explorer (d. 1700)
• 1756 - John MacAdam, Scottish engineer and road-builder (d. 1836)
• 1760 - Ivan Dmitriev, Russian statesman (d. 1837)
• 1840 - Murad V, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1904)
• 1842 - Abd-ul-Hamid II, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1918)
• 1849 - Maurice Barrymore, actor; patriarch of the Barrymore family (d. 1905.
• 1853 - Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1926)
• 1863 - John Bunny, American film comedian (d. 1915)
• 1866 - H. G. Wells, English writer (d. 1946)
• 1866 - Charles Nicolle, French bacteriologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1936)
• 1873 - Papa Jack Laine, American musician (d. 1966)
• 1874 - Gustav Holst, English composer (d. 1934)
• 1895 - Sergei Yesenin, Russian poet (d. 1925)
• 1899 - Frederick Coutts, the 8th General of The Salvation Army (d. 1986)
• 1902 - Luis Cernuda, Spanish poet (d. 1963)
• 1902 - Sir Allen Lane, British publisher and founder of Penguin Books (d. 1970)
• 1906 - Henry Beachell, American Plant Breeder
• 1912 - Chuck Jones, American animator (d. 2002)
• 1912 - György Sándor, Hungarian pianist (d. 2005)
• 1919 - Mario Bunge, Argentine philosopher and physicist
• 1919 - Fazlur Rahman, Pakistani scholar (d. 1988)
• 1926 - Donald A. Glaser, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1929 - Bernard Williams, English philosopher (d. 2003)
• 1929 - Sándor Kocsis, Hungarian footballer (d. 1979)
• 1931 - Larry Hagman, American actor
• 1933 - Dick Simon, American racing driver
• 1934 - Leonard Cohen, Canadian singer and songwriter
• 1935 - Henry Gibson, American actor
• 1936 - Yuriy Luzhkov, Russian politician, mayor of Moscow
• 1938 - Doug Moe, American basketball player and coach
• 1940 - Bill Kurtis, American television journalist
• 1941 - R. James Woolsey, Jr., CIA director
• 1941 - Jack Brisco, American professional wrestler
• 1944 - Fannie Flagg, American actress and novelist
• 1944 - Hamilton Jordan, President Carter's original chief of staff.
• 1945 - Jerry Bruckheimer, American film and television producer
• 1945 - Richard Childress, NASCAR Team Owner
• 1945 - Shaw Clifton, the 18th General of The Salvation Army
• 1946 - Moritz Leuenberger, Swiss Federal Councilor
• 1947 - Stephen King, American author
• 1947 - Marsha Norman, American playwright
• 1947 - Don Felder, American guitarist (Eagles)
• 1949 - Artis Gilmore, American basketball player
• 1950 - Charles Clarke, British politician
• 1950 - Bill Murray, American actor
• 1951 - Bruce Arena, American soccer coach
• 1951 - Aslan Maskhadov, Chechen rebel leader (d. 2005)
• 1953 - Arie Luyendyk, Dutch race car driver
• 1954 - Shinzo Abe, Prime Minister of Japan
• 1955 - Mika Kaurismäki, Finnish director
• 1955 - Richard Hieb, American astronaut
• 1956 - Jack Givens, American basketball player
• 1957 - Ethan Coen, American film director
• 1957 - Sidney Moncrief, American basketball player
• 1959 - Dave Coulier, American actor
• 1959 - Danny Cox, baseball player
• 1959 - Corinne Drewery, British singer (Swing Out Sister)
• 1960 - David James Elliott, Canadian actor
• 1961 - Húbert Nói, Icelandic artist
• 1961 - Nancy Travis, American actress
• 1962 - Rob Morrow, American actor
• 1963 - Angus Macfadyen, Scottish actor
• 1963 - Curtly Ambrose, West Indian cricketer
• 1963 - Cecil Fielder, baseball player
• 1965 - Cheryl Hines, American actress
• 1965 - David Wenham, Australian actor
• 1967 - Faith Hill, American singer
• 1967 - Tyler Stewart, Canadian drummer (Barenaked Ladies)
• 1968 - Ricki Lake, American actress and talk show hostess
• 1969 - Jason Christiansen, baseball player
• 1971 - John Crawley, English cricketer
• 1971 - Luke Wilson, American actor
• 1971 - Alfonso Ribeiro, Dominican-born actor
• 1972 - Liam Gallagher, British singer (Oasis)
• 1972 - Jon Kitna, American football player
• 1972 - David Silveria, American drummer (KoЯn)
• 1974 - Andy Todd, English footballer
• 1975 - Doug Davis, baseball player
• 1979 - Richard Dunne, Irish footballer
• 1979 - Chris Gayle, West Indian cricketer
• 1979 - Julian Gray, English footballer
• 1980 - Kareena Kapoor, Indian actress
• 1980 - Tomas Scheckter, South African racing driver
• 1981 - Nicole Richie, American actress
• 1982 - Danny Kass, American snowboarder
• 1983 - Maggie Grace, American actress
• 1983 - Anna Meares, Australian cyclist
• 1983 - Joseph Mazzello, American actor
• 1990 - Allison Scagliotti-Smith, American actress
• 1990 - Christian Serratos, American actress
• 1991 - Zoe Weizenbaum, American actress

Deaths

• 19 BC - Virgil, Roman poet (b. 70 BC)
• 454 - Aëtius, Roman general (bc. 396)
• 1217 - Lembitu of Lehola, Estonian soldier
• 1327 - King Edward II of England (b. 1284)
• 1397 - Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel, English military leader (executed) (b. 1346)
• 1542 - Juan Boscán Almogáver, Spanish poet
• 1558 - Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1500)
• 1576 - Gerolamo Cardano, Italian mathematician (b. 1501)
• 1586 - Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle, French church leader (b. 1517)
• 1626 - François de Bonne, duc de Lesdiguières, Constable of France (b. 1543)
• 1719 - Johann Heinrich Acker, German writer (b. 1647)
• 1743 - Jai Singh II, King of Amber-Juiper (b. 1688)
• 1748 - John Balguy, English philosopher (b. 1686)
• 1796 - François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers, French general (b. 1769)
• 1798 - George Read, American lawyer and signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1733)
• 1832 - Sir Walter Scott, Scottish writer (b. 1771)
• 1860 - Arthur Schopenhauer, German philosopher (b. 1788)
• 1874 - Jean-Baptiste Élie de Beaumont, French geologist (b. 1794)
• 1897 - Wilhelm Wattenbach, German historian (b. 1819)
• 1904 - Chief Joseph, Nez Perce leader (b. 1840)
• 1906 - Samuel Arnold, Lincoln conspirator (b. 1838)
• 1926 - Leon Charles Thevenin, French telegraph engineer (b. 1857)
• 1938 - Ivana Brlic-Mazuranic Croatian writer (b. 1874)
• 1939 - Armand Călinescu Romanian prime-minister (assassinated) (b. 1893)
• 1954 - Kokichi Mikimoto, Japanese inventor (b. 1858)
• 1957 - King Haakon VII of Norway (b. 1872)
• 1966 - Paul Reynaud, French politician (b. 1878)
• 1971 - Bernardo Houssay, Argentine physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1887)
• 1972 - Henry de Montherlant, French writer (b. 1896)
• 1974 - Walter Brennan, American actor (b. 1894)
• 1974 - Jacqueline Susann, American novelist (b. 1918)
• 1976 - Orlando Letelier, Chilean diplomat (b. 1932)
• 1987 - Jaco Pastorius, American bassist (b. 1951)
• 1988 - Glenn Robert Davis, member of United States Congress (b. 1914)
• 1995 - Rudy Perpich, American politician (b. 1928)
• 1998 - Florence Griffith Joyner, American athlete (b. 1959)
• 2002 - Robert L. Forward, American physicist and writer (b. 1932)
• 2004 - Barry Noble Wakeman, American naturalist and educator (b. 1939)
• 2006 - Edward Albert, American actor, son of Eddie Albert (b. 1951)
• 2006 - Boz Burrell, English rock musician (b. 1946)

Holidays and observances

• International Day of Peace of the United Nations, as propagated by Peace One Day.
• RC Saints - Matthew the Evangelist.
• The Nativity of the Theotokos in Russia. Also see September 21 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics).
• Independence Day in Malta (1964), Belize (1981) & Armenia (1991).
• Mabon - Neopagan festival of Mabon.
• In ancient Greece, the eighth day of the Eleusinian Mysteries, when the secret rites in the Telesterion finish and the feast, Pannychis, begins.

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada
• United Nations - International Day of Peace

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