October 1

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October 1 is the 274th day of the year (275th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 91 days remaining.

Events

• 331 BC - Greek Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela.
• 959 - Edgar the Peaceable becomes king of all England.
• 965 - John XIII becomes Pope.
• 1788 - Nguyen Hue declares himself emperor of Vietnam.
• 1791 - First session of the French Legislative Assembly.
• 1795 - Belgium is conquered by France.
• 1800 - Spain cedes Louisiana to France via the Treaty of San Ildefonso.
• 1811 - The first steamboat to sail the Mississippi River arrives in New Orleans, Louisiana.
• 1814 - Opening of the Congress of Vienna, intended to redraw the Europe's political map after the defeat of Napoleon the previous spring.
• 1829 - South African College is founded in Cape Town, South Africa; later to become the University of Cape Town.
• 1843 - News of the World began publication in London.
• 1847 - German inventor and industrialist Werner von Siemens founds Siemens AG & Halske.
• 1854 - The watch company founded in 1850 in Roxbury by Aaron Lufkin Dennison relocates to Waltham, Massachusetts, to become the Waltham Watch Company, a pioneer in the American System of Watch Manufacturing.
• 1869 - Austria issues the world's first postcards.
• 1880 - John Philip Sousa becomes leader of the United States Marine Corps Band.
• 1880 - First electric lamp factory opened by Thomas Edison.
• 1885 - United States begins special-delivery mail service.
• 1886 - The U.S. mint in Carson City, Nevada, closes.
• 1887 - Baluchistan conquered by the British Empire.
• 1890 - The Yosemite National Park is established by the U.S. Congress.
• 1891 - In the U.S. state of California, Stanford University opens its doors.
• 1898 - Czar Nicholas II expels Jews from major Russian cities.
• 1898 - The Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration is founded under the name k.u.k. Exportakademie.
• 1903 - Baseball: The Boston Americans play the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first game of the modern World Series.
• 1905 - František Pavlík is killed in a demonstration in Prague, inspiring Leoš Janáček to the piano composition 1. X. 1905. <-- this date might be Julian calendar, to be checked-->
• 1908 - Ford introduces the Model T car.
• 1910 - A large bomb destroys the Los Angeles Times building in downtown Los Angeles, California, killing 21.
• 1918 - World War I: Arab forces under T. E. Lawrence (aka "Lawrence of Arabia") capture Damascus.
• 1928 - The Soviet Union introduces its first Five-Year Plan.
• 1931 - The George Washington Bridge linking New Jersey and New York opens.
• 1931 - The original Waldorf-Astoria Hotel is opened in New York.
• 1936 - Francisco Franco is named head of the Nationalist government of Spain.
• 1938 - Germany annexes the Sudetenland.
• 1940 - The Pennsylvania Turnpike, often considered the first superhighway in the United States, opens to traffic.
• 1943 - World War II: Naples falls to Allied soldiers.
• 1946 - Nazi leaders sentenced at Nuremberg Trials.
• 1949 - The People's Republic of China is declared by Mao Zedong.
• 1957 - First appearance of "In God We Trust" on U.S. paper currency.
• 1958 - NASA created to replace NACA.
• 1960 - Nigeria gains independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1961 - East and West Cameroon merge as Federal Republic of Cameroon.
• 1961 - Baseball: Roger Maris sets new record for most home runs in a single season with 61, surpassing Babe Ruth's previous mark of 60.
• 1963 - California State Board of Education created.
• 1964 - The Free Speech Movement is launched on the campus of University of California, Berkeley.
• 1964 - Japanese Shinkansen ("bullet trains") begin high-speed rail service from Tokyo to Osaka.
• 1965 - Apostasia, a political move in Greece designed by the former King of Greece Constantine II and executed by a group of politicians (led by the later PM of Greece Constantine Mitsotakis) who have betrayed and overthrown the Prime Minister George Papandreou in Greece in favour of the formerly King of Greece.
• 1965 - General Suharto crushes an attempted coup in Indonesia.
• 1968 - The Guyanese government takes over the British Guiana Broadcasting Service (BGBS).
• 1969 - The Concorde supersonic transport plane breaks the sound barrier for the first time.
• 1971 - Walt Disney World opens in Orlando, Florida, United States.
• 1975 - The Seychelles gain internal self-government. The Ellice Islands split from Gilbert Islands and take the name Tuvalu. Thrilla in Manila: Muhammad Ali defeats Joe Frazier in a boxing match in Manila, Philippines.
• 1977 - Brazilian soccer star Pelé retires.
• 1978 - The Voltaic Revolutionary Communist Party is founded.
• 1979 - The United States returns sovereignty of the Panama canal to Panama.
• 1979 - Activision founded
• 1982 - Helmut Kohl replaces Helmut Schmidt as Chancellor of Germany through a Constructive Vote of No Confidence.
• 1982 - EPCOT Center opens at Walt Disney World in Florida, United States.
• 1985 - The Israeli air force bombs PLO Headquarters in Tunis.
• 1988 - Mikhail Gorbachev is named head of the Supreme Soviet.
• 1993 - Polly Klaas is kidnapped by Richard Allen Davis during a slumber party at her Petaluma, California, home; Davis will be sentenced to death for her murdering Klaas.
• 1998 - ICANN assumes responsibility for selling top-level domain names for the Internet.
• 2004 - Baseball: Seattle Mariners outfielder Ichiro Suzuki makes his 258th hit of the season, breaking George Sisler's 84-year-old single-season record.
• 2005 - Almost exactly three years after a similar event, a bombing kills 23.

Births

• 1207 - King Henry III of England (d. 1272)
• 1471 - King Frederick I of Denmark (d. 1533)
• 1507 - Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, Italian architect (d. 1573)
• 1540 - Johann Jakob Grynaeus, Swiss protestant clergyman (d. 1617)
• 1620 - Nicolaes Pieterszoon Berchem, Dutch painter (d. 1683)
• 1644 - Alessandro Stradella, Italian composer (d. 1682)
• 1671 - Guido Grandi, Italian mathematician (d. 1742)
• 1685 - Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1740)
• 1691 - Arthur Onslow, English politician (d. 1768)
• 1730 - Richard Stockton, American attorney, signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1781)
• 1760 - William Thomas Beckford, English writer and politician (d. 1844)
• 1771 - Pierre Baillot, French violinist and composer (d. 1842)
• 1791 - Sergei Aksakov, Russian writer (d. 1859)
• 1865 - Paul Dukas, French composer (d. 1935)
• 1881 - William Boeing, American engineer (d. 1956)
• 1885 - Louis Untermeyer, American author (d. 1977)
• 1878 - Othmar Spann, Austrian philosopher and economist (d. 1950)
• 1887 - Violet Jessop, Titanic survivor (d. 1971)
• 1890 - Stanley Holloway, British actor (d. 1982)
• 1896 - Liaquat Ali Khan, first Prime Minister of Pakistan, (d. 1951)
• 1896 - Ted Healy, American actor and comedian (d. 1937)
• 1899 - Ernest Haycox, American writer (d. 1950)
• 1900 - Tom Goddard, English cricketer (d. 1966)
• 1903 - Vladimir Horowitz, Ukrainian pianist (d. 1989)
• 1904 - Otto Robert Frisch, Austrian-born physicist (d. 1979)
• 1904 - A.K. Gopalan, Indian communist leader (d. 1977)
• 1909 - Sam Yorty, Mayor of Los Angeles, California (d. 1998)
• 1910 - Bonnie Parker, American outlaw (d. 1934)
• 1914 - Daniel J. Boorstin, American historian, writer, and Librarian of Congress (d. 2004)
• 1920 - Walter Matthau, American actor (d. 2000)
• 1921 - James Whitmore, American actor
• 1924 - James Earl Carter, Jr. , 39th President of the United States, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
• 1924 - William Rehnquist, 16th Chief Justice of the United States (d. 2005)
• 1925 - Bob Boyd, baseball player (d. 2004)
• 1926 - Roger Williams, American pianist
• 1927 - Tom Bosley, American actor
• 1928 - Laurence Harvey, Lithuanian-born actor (d. 1973)
• 1928 - George Peppard, American actor (d. 1994)
• 1930 - Sir Richard Harris, Irish actor (d. 2002)
• 1931 - Sylvano Bussotti, Italian composer
• 1932 - Albert Collins, blues guitarist (d.1993)
• 1935 - Julie Andrews, British actress and singer
• 1936 - Stella Stevens, American actress
• 1939 - George Archer, American golfer (d. 2005)
• 1942 - Frank Gardner, Australian formula one driver
• 1945 - Rod Carew, Panamanian Major League Baseball player
• 1945 - Spider Sabich, American skiier (d. 1976)
• 1947 - Aaron Ciechanover, Israeli biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
• 1947 - Stephen Collins, American actor
• 1948 - Cub Koda, American singer (d. 2000)
• 1949 - Isaac Bonewits, American author
• 1950 - Randy Quaid, American actor
• 1953 - John Hegley, British poet
• 1954 - Martin Strel, Slovenian swimmer
• 1956 - Theresa May, British politician
• 1962 - Esai Morales, American actor
• 1963 - Mark McGwire, baseball player
• 1964 - Harry Hill, British comedian
• 1964 - Jonathan Sarfati, Australian-born chess player, scientist, and author
• 1965 - Andreas Keller, German field hockey player
• 1966 - George Weah, Liberian politician and football player
• 1967 - Scott Young, American ice hockey player
• 1968 - Jon Guenther, American author
• 1970 - Alexei Zhamnov, Russian ice hockey player
• 1975 - Chulpan Khamatova, Russian actress
• 1976 - Dora Venter, pornographic actress
• 1979 - Rudi Johnson, American football player
• 1979 - Hong Yunsung, Artist based in New York City
• 1981 - Júlio Baptista, Brazilian football player
• 1982 - Haruna Babangida, Nigerian football player
• 1985 - Dizzee Rascal, British musician
• 1985 - Ryo Miyamori, Japanese singer of ORANGE RANGE.

Deaths

• 1040 - Alan III, Duke of Brittany (poisoned) (b. 997)
• 1310 - Beatrice of Burgundy, Lady of Bourbon (b. 1257)
• 1404 - Pope Boniface IX (b. 1356)
• 1499 - Marsilio Ficino, Italian philosopher (b. 1433)
• 1500 - John Alcock, English Catholic bishop
• 1567 - Pietro Carnesecchi, Italian humanist (b. 1508)
• 1570 - Frans Floris, Flemish painter (b. 1520)
• 1574 - Marten Jacobszoon Heemskerk van Veen, Dutch painter (b. 1498)
• 1578 - Don John of Austria, military leader (b. 1547)
• 1609 - Giammateo Asola, Italian composer
• 1684 - Pierre Corneille, French author (b. 1606)
• 1693 - Pedro Abarca, Spanish theologian (b. 1619)
• 1708 - John Blow, British composer (b. 1649)
• 1768 - Robert Simson, Scottish mathematician (b. 1687)
• 1864 - Rose Greenhow, American Confederate spy (b. 1817)
• 1876 - James Lick, California land baron (b. 1796)
• 1901 - Abdur Rahman Khan, Afghan amir
• 1929 - Antoine Bourdelle, French sculptor (b. 1861)
• 1955 - Charles Christie, American film studio owner (b. 1880)
• 1985 - E. B. White, American author (b. 1899)
• 1988 - Sacheverell Sitwell, English writer (b. 1897)
• 1992 - Petra Kelly, German politician (b. 1947)
• 1997 - Jerome H. Lemelson, American inventor (b. 1923)
• 2002 - Walter Annenberg, publisher and philanthropist
• 2004 - Richard Avedon, American photographer (b. 1923)
• 2004 - Bruce Palmer, Canadian musician (Buffalo Springfield) (b. 1946)

Holidays and observances

• RC Church - Feast days of Saint Thérèse de Lisieux; formerly of Saint Bavo and Saint Remigius

Also see October 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

• People's Republic of China - National Day (1949)
• Republic of Cyprus - Independence Day (from Britain, 1960)
• Nigeria - Independence Day (from Britain, 1960)
• San Marino - two Captains Regent, elected by parliament, take office for six months.
• Tuvalu - Independence Day (from Gilbert Islands (Kiribati), 1975)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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