Mercedes-Benz L 311

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Mercedes Benz
L 311
L 311
L 311
Manufacturer: Daimler Benz
Sales designation: L 3250 (1949)
L 3500 (1950–1955)
L 311 (1955–1961)
Production period: 06 / 1949–05 / 1961
Previous model: Mercedes-Benz L 701 (Opel Blitz)
Successor: L 323
Technical specifications
Designs: Hood-type truck with a flat-bed
front control chassis
Engines: OM 312 (diesel, 4580 cm³)
Power: 66-74 kW
Length: 6185-8265 mm
Width: 2230-2300 mm
Height: 2295-2420 mm
Wheelbase: 3600-4830 mm
Turning circle: 14.5-18.5 m
Payload: 3.15-3.76 t
Perm. Total weight: 7–7.1 t

The Mercedes-Benz L 311 is a Mercedes-Benz truck that was built at the Mercedes-Benz plant in Mannheim from the second half of 1949 . In 1949 the vehicles were designated as L 3250 , which corresponds to the payload in kg. From 1950 to 1955 the vehicles were called L 3500 after the payload was increased . In 1955 the name changed again, from then on the vehicles were referred to as the L 311 . Since the trucks were often overloaded, Mercedes-Benz offered a model similar to the L 311 with a larger payload under the name L 312 from 1953 . The L 311 was built as a hood-controlled truck with a flatbed and as a tipper, the flatbed version was also built as an all-wheel drive variant LA 311 . The segment of the emerging in the 1950s cab- operated Mercedes-Benz from 1954 to the cab-chassis LP 311 , equipped by external manufacturers with a cab and body. The production of the forward control chassis ended in Mannheim in January 1961, the hoods were built until May 1961. A total of around 55,000 vehicles were built, 3000 of them with all-wheel drive. Because of their engine output of 90 hp (66 kW) at the beginning, the L 311 and L 312 were known as the “90s Mercedes” in their day.

Model variants

  • L 311: basic model, hood, rear-wheel drive, flatbed
  • LK 311: hood, rear-wheel drive, tipper
  • LA 311: hood, all-wheel drive, flatbed
  • LP 311: front-link chassis, rear-wheel drive

technology

Chassis and transmission

The Mercedes-Benz L 311 has a modular ladder frame for wheelbases of 3600, 4200 and 4830 mm as well as rigid axles at the front and rear on two semi-elliptical leaf springs each. In addition, telescopic or lever shock absorbers are installed on the front axle and two progressive auxiliary springs are installed on the rear axle. The tires of size 7.55-20 are mounted on split tapered shoulder rims of size 6.5-20. The car has twin tires on the rear axle. There are hydraulically operated inner-shoe drum brakes on all wheels , which also had compressed air support (brake servo) on request. The vehicles, which were available in both right-hand and left-hand drive versions, have recirculating ball steering with an undivided tie rod from Mercedes-Benz. In the case of the vehicles still designated as L 3500, however, it is a ZF type 704 Ross steering .

The force is transferred from the engine, a single dry type Fichtel & Sachs H32 transmitted to the transmission. The transmission, an in-house development by Mercedes-Benz , is a claw-type transmission as standard, but a fully synchronized five-speed transmission with ball shift was also available on request. The drive power is transmitted from the transmission to the bevel gear differential on the rear axle; All-wheel drive vehicles also have a transfer case and an off-road reduction. There was no differential lock for either the rear axle or the front axle.

engine

The engine in all vehicles is the Mercedes-Benz OM 312 , a vertical in -line six - cylinder four - stroke diesel engine with two valves , pre-chamber injection and water cooling . The cylinder block made of nickel-alloyed cast iron and the split crankcase are made from a single cast. With a cylinder bore of 90 mm and a piston stroke of 120 mm, the engine has a total displacement of 4580 cm³. Forged pistons made of light metal from Mahle , each with four compression rings and two oil control rings, run in the cylinders . The force is transmitted via diagonally split connecting rods to a forged crankshaft with seven bearings, hardened at the bearings. The connecting rod and crankshaft have lead bronze plain bearings with steel support shells. The crankshaft has six counterweights and a vibration damper.

A camshaft with four bearings in plain bearings runs in the crankcase and is driven by helical spur gears. It operates the vertically suspended valves via tappets , push rods and rocker arms . Each cylinder has an inlet and an outlet valve. The cast iron cylinder head covering all cylinders is removable and has an asbestos seal .

The pressure circulation lubrication works with a gear oil pump and an oil filter in the main flow. The oil is cooled by an oil cooler with a temperature controller. The fuel pump on the injection pump delivers the fuel from the tank through a felt tube filter to the Bosch PES 6 A70 B 410 RS 64/7 injection pump, which injects it into the prechambers via Bosch DNO SD 211 injection nozzles . The injection pump has a centrifugal governor. The air is sucked in in front of the radiator and cleaned with an oil bath air filter, which also dampens the intake noise of the engine. The engine is cooled with a tube cooler, the warm exhaust air of which is blown away by a fan.

The engine initially developed 66 kW (90 DIN PS) at 2800 min −1 and delivered a maximum torque of 265 Nm at 1600 min −1 . 1956 compaction and rotational speed were increased, changing the timing and so the power to 74 kW (100 hp DIN) at 3000 min -1 increased.

Technical data 1959

L 311 LK 311 LP 311 LA 311
Dimensions and weights
Wheelbase (mm) 3600 4200 4830 3600 3600 4200 4830 4200
Length (mm) 6565 7265 8265 6185 6500 7435 8730 7265
width (mm) 2280 2230 2300
Height (mm) 2295 [2310] Depending on the structure [2420]
Front track (mm) 1700 1820
Rear track (mm) 1700
Ground clearance (mm) 240 [255] 235
Turning circle diameter (m) 14.5 16.6 18.5 14.5 Depending on the structure 18.5
Empty weight kg) 3080 [3150] 3180 [3250] 3405 [3475] 3480 [3550] [3550]
Payload (kg) 3600 [3850] 3760 [3750] 3300 [3150] 3320 [3450] [3550]
Maximum permissible total weight (kg) 7000 7100
Powertrain
coupling Fichtel & Sachs H32
transmission Mercedes-Benz five-speed transmission
Gear ratios 1st gear: 7.37 {8.02}
2nd gear: 4.23 {4.785}
3rd gear: 2.49 {2.736}
4th gear: 1.56 {1.663}
5th gear: 1.0 { 1.0}
R. gear: 7.15 {8.29}
Translation from the gearbox to the rear axle 5.72
Top speed 88 km / h [92 km / h] [82 km / h]
engine
Type In-line six-cylinder four-stroke two-valve antechamber diesel engine
Engine designation Mercedes-Benz OM 312
cooling Water cooling
Bore × stroke 90 × 120 mm
Displacement 4580 cc
rated capacity 74 kW (100  hp DIN according to DIN 70020) at 3000 min -1
maximum torque 265 Nm (27  kpm ) at 1600 min -1
Compression ratio 19.8: 1
Firing order 1-5-3-6-2-4
Inlet valve opens 29 ° before top dead center
Inlet valve closes 55.9 ° after bottom dead center
Outlet valve opens 57.4 ° before bottom dead center
Outlet valve closes 24.3 ° after top dead center
Engine ground 382 kg
Glow plug Bosch KE / GA 1/8 / Beru 214 Ge (36 W)
Fuel consumption according to DIN 70030 14.4 l / 100 km 15.9 l / 100 km
Oil consumption 200 ml / 100 km

* With the brake servo, the weight increases by 60 kg, with a synchromesh gear by a further 30 kg
[] Weights in square brackets: With reinforced tires
{} values ​​in curly brackets: Synchronized gear

literature

  • Association of the Automotive Industry : Daimler-Benz AG. Mannheim plant - Type L 3500 and L 3500 K (PDF) Group 14, No. 700. Frankfurt am Main. October 1954.
  • Association of the Automotive Industry: Daimler-Benz AG. Mannheim plant - Type L 311 and LK 311 (PDF) Group 14, No. 700. Frankfurt am Main. November 1959.
  • Association of the Automotive Industry: Daimler-Benz AG. Mannheim plant - Type LP 311 (PDF) Group 14, No. 700a. Frankfurt am Main. November 1959.
  • Association of the Automotive Industry: Daimler-Benz AG. Mannheim plant - Type LA 311 (PDF) Group 14, No. 710. Frankfurt am Main. November 1959.

Individual evidence

  1. a b 55 years ago: Daimler-Benz introduced the post-war bestseller L 3250 and the O 3250. ( Memento of the original from April 18, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Daimler-Benz Media, April 20, 2004  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / media.daimler.com
  2. a b Mercedes-Benz L 4500: Mid-range car with high payload capacity. ( Memento of the original from April 18, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Daimler-Benz Media, February 25, 2008  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / media.daimler.com
  3. Transport with traction: all-wheel drive trucks since 1945. ( Memento of the original from May 11, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Daimler-Benz Media  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / media.daimler.com
  4. Veteranenhalle.de, accessed on April 14, 2016.