Mercedes-Benz series 110

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Mercedes Benz
Mercedes (3338222106) .jpg
W 110
Production period: 1961-1968
Class : upper middle class
Body versions : limousine
Engines:
Otto engines : 1.9–2.3 liters
(59–88 kW)
Diesel engines :
2.0 liters (40 kW)
Length: 4730-5380 mm
Width: 1795 mm
Height: 1495 mm
Wheelbase : 2700-3350 mm
Empty weight : from 1250 kg
Previous model Mercedes-Benz W 120 / W 121
successor Mercedes-Benz W 114 / W 115

The Mercedes-Benz W 110 is a passenger car from the Mercedes-Benz brand . Vehicles of this type were produced from 1961 to 1968 , they belong to the upper middle class and replace the "Ponton series" W 120 / W 121 . Colloquially, the W 110 was referred to as the "small tail fin". It shared the body ("standard body") with the essentially structurally identical W 111 (so-called "large tail fin"), which had already come onto the market in 1959.

Model history

General

Rear view 1961–1965

The distinguishing features of the W 110, like those of the similar W 111 and W 112 series , are the tail fins with which the manufacturer Mercedes-Benz, which stood for a more conservative design, made concessions to the car design prevailing in the USA at the time. The straight, elegant body shape with the side beads in the sheet metal was developed by the then MB chief designer Karl Wilfert and his team. Compared to American vehicles, however, the tail fins on the W 110 are rather small. The manufacturer called them "Peilstege", which should make parking easier - they clearly marked the end of the car. The body was characterized by a previously unknown level of passive safety : it was the first to have a stable passenger cell and effective crumple zones . Mercedes carried out extensive crash tests , for example a vehicle was ripped over a ramp at 80 km / h.

The diesel versions 190 D and 200 D were especially popular in the taxi industry because of their durability, reliability, driving comfort, large trunk and low fuel consumption. This also explains the significantly higher production figures for diesel models compared to vehicles with gasoline engines. For an unladen weight of just under 1.4 tons, the diesels with 55 hp have a relatively low engine output; the top speed with automatic transmission is 127 km / h, acceleration from 0 to 100 km / h with manual transmission is 29 seconds - a VW Beetle 1200 with 34 hp needs only 33 seconds, only slightly longer.

Mercedes-Benz had been the sole manufacturer of diesel cars in Germany since the end of production of the Borgward 1800 Diesel in 1954 and until the appearance of the Opel Rekord 2100 D in 1972.

Model variants

190 and 190 D, 1961-1965

Production of the 190 and 190 D began in April 1961. The W 110 shares many body parts with the upper-class model W 111/112 ("large fin"); the rear end is similar to that of the 220 (b) of the W 111 series The “small fin” differs from the models with in-line six-cylinder engines in that the front section is 14.5 cm shorter, round instead of oval headlights (light units), considerably smaller taillights, simple bumpers and less chrome trim. Fog lights were available as special equipment under the main headlights. The front indicators were initially located together with the parking lights on top of the front fenders. The left wing mirror was also located on the left fender until 1963, after which it was mounted on the driver's door behind the vent window, which improved visibility and made it possible to adjust from the driver's seat. The rear lights were given a different shape in 1961, the glass profile protruding up to the middle was flattened. The interior and trunk are just as big as the "big fin". All models have an unusual instrument console with a vertical drum tachometer ("Fieberthermometertacho") whose display varies from yellow to red / yellow to red depending on the speed. On all models, the tank filler neck is behind the rear license plate that can be folded down.

The vehicles were sold under the designation 190 and 190 D (diesel), to distinguish them from the previous Ponton models, the internal designation was 190c and 190 Dc. The following four-cylinder in-line were installed: in the 190c the M 121 with 1.9 liter displacement and 80 HP (59 kW), mixture preparation by a Solex 34 PJCB downdraft carburetor . The 190 D received the pre-chamber diesel engine OM 621 III from the pontoon series, enlarged to 2 liters, with a Bosch four-piston injection pump and 55 hp (40 kW).

The wheels are individually suspended: at the front on double wishbones , still without ball joints and therefore connected with bolts, and at the rear on a single-joint pendulum axle with coil springs and a compensating spring in the middle. The foot brake has hydraulic actuation with drum brakes at the front and rear, with a brake booster on request . The parking brake is designed with stick actuation and cables. From August 1963, a dual-circuit brake system with brake booster and disc brakes at the front was installed as standard . The steering gear works with a ball screw spindle .

200 and 200 D, 1965-1968

From July 1965 the vehicles were called the 200 and 200 D. The 200 D received a revised engine ( OM 621 VIII ) with a five-way instead of three-way crankshaft, which made the engine run smoother. The M 121 petrol engine also had five main bearings; its displacement grew to 2 liters and the power to 95 hp. The mixture was then prepared by two 38 PDSJ downdraft carburettors from Solex. In addition to the other engines, the 200 series differ from their predecessors in that additional lights are fitted as standard below the main headlights, which contain fog lights, parking lights and indicators.

There was also a larger 65-liter tank (85 liters as an option), chrome-plated ventilation openings in the C-pillars as in the W 111 / W 112 and two horizontal chrome strips on the rear - the chrome trim on the back of the fins was omitted, making them more delicate Act. Tail fin bodies went out of fashion at this time, their zenith was in the late 1950s. The rear lights on the 190 were slightly angled towards the center of the rear and had red indicators. At the top of the 200 they were now also straight, got a little bigger and because of the new StVZO in Europe they now had yellow flashing glasses.

230, 1965-1968

A new addition was the 230 with the 2.3-liter in-line six-cylinder M 180 as the most powerful model in the W 110 series - initially with 105 hp and two Solex 38 PDSI-2 downdraft carburettors, from July 1966 with 120 hp and two Zenith 35/40 INATs Downdraft register carburetors, identical to the large 230 S model. The 120 hp machine brought the 230 with manual transmission up to 175 km / h with an acceleration from 0 to 100 km / h in 13 seconds. The 230 was the first Mercedes production vehicle to have a separate coolant expansion tank in the rear of the engine compartment. They made a virtue out of necessity, because there was little space in the shorter front end of the W 110 for a straight six. Because of the longer engine block, the radiator had to be completely inserted into the radiator frame - a filler neck directly on the radiator was therefore not possible. Externally, the only difference between the 230 and the 200 and 200 D models is the “230” logo on the boot lid. In the interior, additional grab handles were attached to the rear doors, and the rear bench seat had a built-in, fold-out armrest as standard. The 230 is, so to speak, a hybrid of the modular system, a transitional version between the small four-cylinder and the large six-cylinder - Mercedes-Benz had already assigned this role to the 219 model from the W 105 series once (1956–1959) . The number of 230 produced is 40,300.

Model upgrade 1967

The W 110 models were last revised in 1967, and a newly developed safety steering column increased passive safety. The new steering column collapses in the event of an impact. For the new steering column, the dashboard in the area of ​​the steering lock has been slightly revised. In addition, there was a new steering wheel with an improved impact absorber, new buttons for the various controls on the dashboard and the window cranks, as well as new interior door handles and newly designed exterior mirrors.

In February 1968, production of the W 110 series was stopped after just under seven years. The successors were the successful W 114 and W 115 (“Stroke Eight”) produced from autumn 1967 .

The W 110 is a sought-after classic car today.

Connoisseurs call it "small fin", in contrast to the W 111 models "large fin".

Body styles

  • Four-door sedan
  • Sedan four-door as a seven-seater long version (Binz conversion)
  • Five-door station wagon, called "Universal" (built by IMA in Belgium)

Combinations

In the official sales program there was the "Universal" station wagon in 1966 and 1967, preceded by the production of the 190 as station wagon in small numbers in 1965.

The vehicles, which were manufactured from the beginning of 1965 under license from Daimler-Benz at IMA in Mechelen (Belgium) under the name "Universal" according to Mercedes quality specifications, were initially exclusively station wagons . Three “small” models were offered (200, 200 D, 230) and one “large” (230 S, W 111). A total of 2754 IMA universal tail fin suits were produced. Tailfin sedans were also manufactured in small numbers at IMA. Later on, some sedans of the successor type W 115 were also manufactured at IMA. The company went bankrupt in 1968.

Ambulance production at Miesen

Because of the cooperation agreements with Daimler-Benz, IMA station wagons are the only "official" station wagons of the fintail models; other station wagons count as conversions. Restorations show that the corrosion protection at IMA was not quite at the Mercedes level: According to the reports and purchase advice of the Oldtimer Association VDH, IMA station wagons are often in a worse condition than limousines and, due to production and use, often show one high need for restoration, especially at the rear end with the special wagon-specific parts.

The W 110 was not only available as a sedan , but also with special bodies as an ambulance, hearse and station wagon . Usually these were delivered as partially manufactured bodies without a roof, rear window and trunk lid from the Sindelfingen plant to various bodywork companies. Binz and Miesen manufactured ambulances, but also hearses, delivery vans and station wagons.

Pollmann, Rappold, Welsch, Stolle, Pilato and other companies primarily manufactured funeral vehicles. In addition to commercial vehicles, station wagons from the companies Jauernig (Austria), Marbach (Switzerland), Movauto (Portugal) and Hägele were made to order in very small numbers.

Technical specifications

model Construction time
(approx.)
Model Engine type Design Mixture preparation Cubic capacity
[cm 3 ]
Power
[kW] / [PS]
V-Max
[km / h]
Fuel consumption
(according to DIN 70030 in l / 100 km)
number of pieces
190c 04 / 1961-08 / 1965 110.010 M 121.924 R4 Solex 34 PJCB 1897 80 150 (145 automatic) 11.5 (12.5 automatic) 130,554
190 Dc 04 / 1961-08 / 1965 110.110 OM 621.912 R4 Bosch injection pump 1988 55 130 (127 automatic) 9 (10 automatic) 225.645
200 07 / 1965-02 / 1968 110.010 M 121.940 R4 Solex 38 PDSJ 1988 95 161 (158 automatic) 12.5 (13.5 automatic) 70.207
200 D 07 / 1965-02 / 1968 110.110 OM 621.918 R4 Bosch injection pump 1988 55 130 (127 automatic) 9 (10 automatic) 161,618
230 05 / 1965-06 / 1966 110.011 M 180.945 R6 Solex 38 PDSI-2 dual-flow carburetor 2306 105 168 (165 automatic) 15.5 (16.5 automatic) 15,635
230 07 / 1966-02 / 1968 110.011 M 180.949 R6 Zenith 35/40 INAT double register carburetor 2306 120 175 (172 automatic) 16 (16.5 automatic) 24,623

transmission

The transmission is a fully and lock-synchronized four-speed manual transmission - with steering wheel shift as standard, with center shift on request from 8/1964. All models were optionally available with a somewhat rough four-speed automatic transmission with hydraulic clutch. A four-speed automatic was rather unusual at that time, the automatic gearbox with hydraulic converter in vehicles from other manufacturers mostly had three and sometimes only two gears. The first gear of the Mercedes automatic can only be selected in the function using the selector lever in position 2, or: When the accelerator pedal is fully depressed ( kick-down ), the automatic takes the first gear for better acceleration when starting off. Another special feature in the Mercedes automatic transmission were two oil pumps. In addition to the normal engine-side oil pump, there is a second pump on the transmission output shaft. Because this pump on the output side also lubricates, unlike other automatic cars, Mercedes cars of those years of construction with automatic transmission can be towed in (jump start), and they can also be towed safely over longer distances. (The towing of vehicles whose automatic gearbox only has an engine-side oil pump causes bearing damage in the machine over long distances.)

Automatic gearboxes were combined with diesel engines for the first time in the W 110 “tail fin”. Due to the lack of a real throttle valve, the diesel engine, unlike gasoline engines, does not provide a usable negative pressure signal from the intake tract to the transmission control - Daimler-Benz therefore had to break new ground in transmission control for the diesel.

The automatic transmissions of those years did not have a torque converter , but a Föttinger fluid coupling with only two wheels instead of the three of a torque converter - the pump wheel on the engine and the turbine wheel on the transmission input are present, but the guide wheel is missing. Torque converters only appeared in Mercedes-Benz vehicles in the period 1969 ( W108 / W109 with V8 4.5 liter for the USA) to 1972, with the exception of the "300 Adenauer" with special equipment from Borg-Warner.

This diesel drive with automatic only achieved modest performance. Scoffers referred to the 190 and 200 diesel machines as "moving dunes".

Others

Mercedes W 110 Bj. 1964 190 c, front row of seats with seat cushions and armrests

The Berlin taxi driver Ralf Werner still drives his customers with a W 110 in light ivory, model 190 Dc, built in 1964 - the oldest taxi in Berlin . The vehicle with the nickname Nepomuk has now covered over 990,000 km. In the course of the new particulate matter ordinance in the environmental zone from January 2008, he was banned from operating the vehicle as a taxi in the future and the H license plate for historic vehicles was revoked again due to commercial use. Werner wanted to try to get a special permit for his oldtimer, which is very popular with passengers, if necessary by taking legal action. In the meantime, the H license plate has been reassigned to him so that he can resume normal driving.

With a seat cushion that could be inserted between the driver and front passenger seats, vehicles with a steering wheel shift offered the option of using a third seat in the front row of seats. When folded up, the armrest functioned as a backrest for the middle seat.

Individual evidence

  1. Mercedes-Benz Classic database
  2. ^ Repair instructions for Mercedes-Diesel, Bucheli-Verlag, Zug, Switzerland
  3. He (74) drives Berlin's oldest taxi (47) . In: BZ February 1, 2012 ( bz-berlin.de [accessed July 15, 2019] with photos of the vehicle).

Web links

Commons : Mercedes-Benz W 110  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files