Mercedes-Benz L 312
Mercedes Benz | |
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L 312 with platform
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L 312 | |
Manufacturer: | Daimler Benz |
Sales designation: |
L 4500 (until 1954) L 312 (from 1954) |
Production period: | 1953-1961 |
Previous model: | none |
Successor: | L 328 |
Technical specifications | |
Designs: | Flatbed, tipper, chassis, tractor |
Engines: | Mercedes-Benz OM 312 (diesel, 4580 cm³) |
Power: | 66-74 kW |
Length: | 5570-8730 mm |
Width: | 2220-2300 mm |
Height: | 2310-2420 mm |
Wheelbase: | 3600-4830 mm |
Turning circle: | 15.7-18.5 m |
Payload: | 4.5-5.8 t |
Perm. Total weight: | 8.1-8.6 t |
The Mercedes-Benz L 312 is a two-axle truck from Mercedes-Benz that was built in Mannheim from 1953 . It largely corresponds to type L 311 . Because of their engine output of 90 HP (66 kW) at the beginning, both types were known as the "90s Mercedes" in their time. Initially, the vehicle was built as a flatbed truck and a tipper truck and was called the L 4500 . 4500 corresponds to the lowest maximum permissible load in kilograms of trucks of this series before the renaming. From 1954 the vehicles were called L 312. They were available as flatbed and tipper trucks, tractors and as chassis for special bodies. Production ended in 1961. During the entire production period, Mercedes-Benz sold 73,033 vehicles, around 7,700 of them with all-wheel drive. The vehicle was also produced in Argentina and Brazil.
Model variants
The L 312 vehicles were manufactured in seven different basic designs:
- L 312: basic model, rear-wheel drive, flatbed
- LK 312: rear-wheel drive, tipping bridge
- LA 312: all-wheel drive, flatbed
- LAK 312: all-wheel drive, tipping bridge
- LS 312: road tractor, rear-wheel drive
- LAS 312: road tractor, all-wheel drive
- LP 312: Front control chassis without body, rear-wheel drive
technology
Chassis and transmission
The Mercedes-Benz L 312 has a modular ladder frame for wheelbases of 3600, 4200 and 4830 mm as well as rigid axles at the front and rear on two semi-elliptical leaf springs each. In addition, telescopic or lever shock absorbers are installed on the front axle and two progressive auxiliary springs are installed on the rear axle. The tires of size 8.25-20 are mounted on split tapered shoulder rims of size 6.5-20. The car has twin tires on the rear axle. All wheels have inner-shoe drum brakes that are hydraulically actuated with compressed air support (brake servo) . The vehicles, which were available in both right-hand and left-hand drive versions, have recirculating ball steering with an undivided tie rod from Mercedes-Benz. In the case of the vehicles still designated as L 4500, however, it is a ZF type 704 Ross steering .
The force is transferred from the engine, a single dry type Fichtel & Sachs H32 transmitted to the transmission. The transmission, an in-house development by Mercedes-Benz , is an optionally fully synchronized five-speed transmission with ball gears . The drive power is transmitted from the gearbox to the bevel gear differential on the rear axle via two cardan shafts; All-wheel drive vehicles also have a transfer case and a cardan shaft to the front axle. There was no differential lock for either the rear axle or the front axle.
engine
The engine in all vehicles is the Mercedes-Benz OM 312 , a vertical in -line six - cylinder four - stroke diesel engine with two valves , pre-chamber injection and water cooling . The cylinder block made of nickel-alloyed cast iron and the split crankcase are made from a single cast. With a cylinder bore of 90 mm and a piston stroke of 120 mm, the engine has a total displacement of 4580 cm³. Forged pistons made of light metal from Mahle , each with four compression rings and two oil control rings, run in the cylinders . The force is transmitted via diagonally split connecting rods to a forged crankshaft with seven bearings, hardened at the bearings. The connecting rod and crankshaft have lead bronze plain bearings with steel support shells. The crankshaft has six counterweights and a vibration damper.
A camshaft with four bearings in plain bearings runs in the crankcase and is driven by helical spur gears. It operates the vertically suspended valves via tappets , push rods and rocker arms . Each cylinder has an inlet and an outlet valve. The cast iron cylinder head covering all cylinders is removable and has an asbestos seal .
The pressure circulation lubrication works with a gear oil pump and an oil filter in the main flow. The oil is cooled by an oil cooler with a temperature controller. The fuel pump on the injection pump delivers the fuel from the tank through a felt tube filter to the Bosch PES 6 A70 B 410 RS 64/7 injection pump, which injects it into the prechambers via Bosch DNO SD 211 injection nozzles . The injection pump has a centrifugal governor. The air is sucked in in front of the radiator and cleaned with an oil bath air filter, which also dampens the intake noise of the engine. The engine is cooled with a tube cooler, the warm exhaust air of which is blown away by a fan.
The engine developed initially 90 hp / 66 kW at 2800 rpm -1 , giving a maximum torque of 27 kpm / 265 N · m at 1600 min -1 from. In 1956, the compression and engine speed were increased, the timing changed and the output increased to 100 HP / 74 kW.
Technical specifications
L 312 (until 1954: L 4500) |
LK 312 (until 1954: L 4500 K) |
LP 312 | LA 312 | LAK 312 | LS 312 | LAS 312 | ||||||
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Dimensions, weights | ||||||||||||
length | 6565 mm | 7265 mm | 8265 mm | 6220 mm | 6500 mm | 7435 mm | 8730 mm | 6525 mm | 7265 mm | 6220 mm | 5570 mm | |
width | 2280 mm | 2230 mm | 2300 mm | 2220 mm | 2300 mm | |||||||
height | 2310 mm | Depending on the structure | 2420 mm | 2310 mm | 2420 mm | |||||||
wheelbase | 3600 mm | 4200 mm | 4830 mm | 3600 mm | 4200 mm | 4830 mm | 3600 mm | 4200 mm | 3600 mm | |||
Empty weight | 3220 (3290) kg | 3335 (3405) kg | 3530 (3600) kg | 3600 (3670) kg | 2605 [2665] kg | 2675 [2735] kg | 2755 [2815] kg | 3550 (3620) kg | 3650 (3720) kg | 4000 (4000) kg | 2725 [2785] kg | 3115 [3175] kg |
Maximum payload | 4600 [5000] kg | 4764 [5095] kg | 4570 [4900] kg | 4500 [4830] kg | 5495 [5835] kg | 5425 [5765] kg | 5345 [5685] kg | 4550 [4880] kg | 4450 [4780] kg | 4600 [4600] kg | 5300 [5700] kg | 4985 [5325] kg |
Powertrain | ||||||||||||
coupling | Fichtel & Sachs H32 | |||||||||||
transmission | Mercedes-Benz five-speed transmission | |||||||||||
Gear ratios | 1st gear: 7.37 {8.02} 2nd gear: 4.23 {4.785} 3rd gear: 2.49 {2.736} 4th gear: 1.56 {1.663} 5th gear: 1.0 { 1.0} R. gear: 7.15 {8.29} |
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Top speed | 76 km / h | 75 km / h | 76 km / h | 75 km / h | ||||||||
engine | ||||||||||||
Type | In-line six-cylinder four-stroke two-valve antechamber diesel engine | |||||||||||
Engine designation | Mercedes-Benz OM 312 | |||||||||||
Bore × stroke | 90 × 120 mm | |||||||||||
Displacement | 4580 cc | |||||||||||
rated capacity | 90 hp / 66 kW at 2800 min -1 (up to 1956) 100 hp / 74 kW at 3000 min -1 (1956) |
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maximum torque | 27 kpm / 265 Nm at 1600 min −1 | |||||||||||
Compression ratio | 19; 5: 1 (until 1956) 19.8: 1 (from 1956) |
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Firing order | 1-5-3-6-2-4 | |||||||||||
Engine ground | 382 kg | |||||||||||
Glow plug | Bosch KE / GA 1/8 / Beru 214 Ge (36 W) | |||||||||||
Fuel consumption according to DIN 70030 | 14.9 l / 100 km | 16.4 l / 100 km | Depending on the trailer |
() Weights in brackets: With synchronized gearbox
[] Weights in square brackets: With reinforced tires
{} Values in curly brackets: Synchronized gearbox
literature
- Type L 4500 and L 4500 K (PDF) Association of the Automotive Industry : Daimler-Benz AG. Mannheim plant, Group 14, No. 810. Frankfurt am Main, October 1954.
- Type L 312 and LK 312 (PDF) Association of the Automotive Industry : Daimler-Benz AG. Mannheim plant, Group 14, No. 810. Frankfurt am Main, May 1960.
- Type LP 312 (PDF) Association of the Automotive Industry : Daimler-Benz AG. Mannheim plant, group 14, no. 810b. Frankfurt am Main, May 1960.
- Type LA 312 and LAK 312 (PDF) Association of the Automotive Industry : Daimler-Benz AG. Mannheim plant, group 14, no. 810b. Frankfurt am Main, November 1959.
- Type LS 312 (PDF) Association of the Automotive Industry : Daimler-Benz AG. Mannheim plant, Group 15, No. 810. Frankfurt am Main, May 1960.
- Type LAS 312 (PDF) Association of the Automotive Industry : Daimler-Benz AG. Mannheim plant, Group 15, No. 810a. Frankfurt am Main, May 1960.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Veteranenhalle.de , accessed on April 14, 2016.
- ↑ Transport with traction: all-wheel drive trucks since 1945 . Daimler-Benz Media
- ↑ http://camionargentino.blogspot.com.ar/2012/12/mercedes-benz-l-312.html
- ↑ http://www.autohistoria.com.ar/Modelos/Mercedes_Benz_Modelos.htm
- ↑ Mercedes-Benz L 4500: Mid-range class with high payload capacity . Mercedes-Benz press office, February 25, 2008
Vehicle class | 1920s | 1930s | 1940s | ||||||||||||||||
6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | |
Compact class | W 15 (type 170) | ||||||||||||||||||
W 23 (type 130) | |||||||||||||||||||
W 30 (type 150) | |||||||||||||||||||
W 28 (type 170 H) | |||||||||||||||||||
Middle class | W 02 (type Stuttgart 200) | W 136 / W 149 (types 170 V / 200 V) | |||||||||||||||||
W 11 (type Stuttgart 260) | W 143 (type 230 n) | ||||||||||||||||||
W 21 (type 200/230) | W 153 (type 230) | ||||||||||||||||||
W 138 (type 260 D) | |||||||||||||||||||
upper middle class | W 03 / W 04 / W 05 (types 300/320/350) | W 18 (type 290) | |||||||||||||||||
W 10 / W 19 (types 350/370/380) | W 142 (type 320) | ||||||||||||||||||
W 22 | |||||||||||||||||||
Upper class | Type 400 & Type 630 | W 24 / W 29 / W 129 (types 500 K / 540 K / 580 K) | |||||||||||||||||
W 08 (type Nürburg 460/460 K / 500 / type 500 N) | |||||||||||||||||||
W 07 / W 150 (types 770/770 K) | |||||||||||||||||||
Sports car | Model K | ||||||||||||||||||
W 06 (type S / SS / SSK / SSKL) | W 24 / W 29 / W 129 | ||||||||||||||||||
Off-road vehicle | W 103 (type G1) | W 31 (type G4) | |||||||||||||||||
W 133 III (type 170 VG) / W 139 (type 170 VL) / W 152 (type G5) | |||||||||||||||||||
Vans | L 3/4 | L 1000 Express | L 301 | ||||||||||||||||
L 300 |