Mercedes-Benz L 312

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Mercedes Benz
L 312 with platform
L 312 with platform
L 312
Manufacturer: Daimler Benz
Sales designation: L 4500 (until 1954)
L 312 (from 1954)
Production period: 1953-1961
Previous model: none
Successor: L 328
Technical specifications
Designs: Flatbed, tipper, chassis, tractor
Engines: Mercedes-Benz OM 312
(diesel, 4580 cm³)
Power: 66-74 kW
Length: 5570-8730 mm
Width: 2220-2300 mm
Height: 2310-2420 mm
Wheelbase: 3600-4830 mm
Turning circle: 15.7-18.5 m
Payload: 4.5-5.8 t
Perm. Total weight: 8.1-8.6 t

The Mercedes-Benz L 312 is a two-axle truck from Mercedes-Benz that was built in Mannheim from 1953 . It largely corresponds to type L 311 . Because of their engine output of 90 HP (66 kW) at the beginning, both types were known as the "90s Mercedes" in their time. Initially, the vehicle was built as a flatbed truck and a tipper truck and was called the L 4500 . 4500 corresponds to the lowest maximum permissible load in kilograms of trucks of this series before the renaming. From 1954 the vehicles were called L 312. They were available as flatbed and tipper trucks, tractors and as chassis for special bodies. Production ended in 1961. During the entire production period, Mercedes-Benz sold 73,033 vehicles, around 7,700 of them with all-wheel drive. The vehicle was also produced in Argentina and Brazil.

Model variants

The L 312 vehicles were manufactured in seven different basic designs:

  • L 312: basic model, rear-wheel drive, flatbed
  • LK 312: rear-wheel drive, tipping bridge
  • LA 312: all-wheel drive, flatbed
  • LAK 312: all-wheel drive, tipping bridge
  • LS 312: road tractor, rear-wheel drive
  • LAS 312: road tractor, all-wheel drive
  • LP 312: Front control chassis without body, rear-wheel drive

technology

Chassis and transmission

The Mercedes-Benz L 312 has a modular ladder frame for wheelbases of 3600, 4200 and 4830 mm as well as rigid axles at the front and rear on two semi-elliptical leaf springs each. In addition, telescopic or lever shock absorbers are installed on the front axle and two progressive auxiliary springs are installed on the rear axle. The tires of size 8.25-20 are mounted on split tapered shoulder rims of size 6.5-20. The car has twin tires on the rear axle. All wheels have inner-shoe drum brakes that are hydraulically actuated with compressed air support (brake servo) . The vehicles, which were available in both right-hand and left-hand drive versions, have recirculating ball steering with an undivided tie rod from Mercedes-Benz. In the case of the vehicles still designated as L 4500, however, it is a ZF type 704 Ross steering .

The force is transferred from the engine, a single dry type Fichtel & Sachs H32 transmitted to the transmission. The transmission, an in-house development by Mercedes-Benz , is an optionally fully synchronized five-speed transmission with ball gears . The drive power is transmitted from the gearbox to the bevel gear differential on the rear axle via two cardan shafts; All-wheel drive vehicles also have a transfer case and a cardan shaft to the front axle. There was no differential lock for either the rear axle or the front axle.

engine

The engine in all vehicles is the Mercedes-Benz OM 312 , a vertical in -line six - cylinder four - stroke diesel engine with two valves , pre-chamber injection and water cooling . The cylinder block made of nickel-alloyed cast iron and the split crankcase are made from a single cast. With a cylinder bore of 90 mm and a piston stroke of 120 mm, the engine has a total displacement of 4580 cm³. Forged pistons made of light metal from Mahle , each with four compression rings and two oil control rings, run in the cylinders . The force is transmitted via diagonally split connecting rods to a forged crankshaft with seven bearings, hardened at the bearings. The connecting rod and crankshaft have lead bronze plain bearings with steel support shells. The crankshaft has six counterweights and a vibration damper.

A camshaft with four bearings in plain bearings runs in the crankcase and is driven by helical spur gears. It operates the vertically suspended valves via tappets , push rods and rocker arms . Each cylinder has an inlet and an outlet valve. The cast iron cylinder head covering all cylinders is removable and has an asbestos seal .

The pressure circulation lubrication works with a gear oil pump and an oil filter in the main flow. The oil is cooled by an oil cooler with a temperature controller. The fuel pump on the injection pump delivers the fuel from the tank through a felt tube filter to the Bosch PES 6 A70 B 410 RS 64/7 injection pump, which injects it into the prechambers via Bosch DNO SD 211 injection nozzles . The injection pump has a centrifugal governor. The air is sucked in in front of the radiator and cleaned with an oil bath air filter, which also dampens the intake noise of the engine. The engine is cooled with a tube cooler, the warm exhaust air of which is blown away by a fan.

The engine developed initially 90 hp / 66 kW at 2800 rpm -1 , giving a maximum torque of 27  kpm / 265 N · m at 1600 min -1 from. In 1956, the compression and engine speed were increased, the timing changed and the output increased to 100 HP / 74 kW.

Technical specifications

L 312
(until 1954: L 4500)
LK 312
(until 1954: L 4500 K)
LP 312 LA 312 LAK 312 LS 312 LAS 312
Dimensions, weights
length 6565 mm 7265 mm 8265 mm 6220 mm 6500 mm 7435 mm 8730 mm 6525 mm 7265 mm 6220 mm 5570 mm
width 2280 mm 2230 mm 2300 mm 2220 mm 2300 mm
height 2310 mm Depending on the structure 2420 mm 2310 mm 2420 mm
wheelbase 3600 mm 4200 mm 4830 mm 3600 mm 4200 mm 4830 mm 3600 mm 4200 mm 3600 mm
Empty weight 3220 (3290) kg 3335 (3405) kg 3530 (3600) kg 3600 (3670) kg 2605 [2665] kg 2675 [2735] kg 2755 [2815] kg 3550 (3620) kg 3650 (3720) kg 4000 (4000) kg 2725 [2785] kg 3115 [3175] kg
Maximum payload 4600 [5000] kg 4764 [5095] kg 4570 [4900] kg 4500 [4830] kg 5495 [5835] kg 5425 [5765] kg 5345 [5685] kg 4550 [4880] kg 4450 [4780] kg 4600 [4600] kg 5300 [5700] kg 4985 [5325] kg
Powertrain
coupling Fichtel & Sachs H32
transmission Mercedes-Benz five-speed transmission
Gear ratios 1st gear: 7.37 {8.02}
2nd gear: 4.23 {4.785}
3rd gear: 2.49 {2.736}
4th gear: 1.56 {1.663}
5th gear: 1.0 { 1.0}
R. gear: 7.15 {8.29}
Top speed 76 km / h 75 km / h 76 km / h 75 km / h
engine
Type In-line six-cylinder four-stroke two-valve antechamber diesel engine
Engine designation Mercedes-Benz OM 312
Bore × stroke 90 × 120 mm
Displacement 4580 cc
rated capacity 90 hp / 66 kW at 2800 min -1 (up to 1956)
100 hp / 74 kW at 3000 min -1 (1956)
maximum torque 27 kpm / 265 Nm at 1600 min −1
Compression ratio 19; 5: 1 (until 1956)
19.8: 1 (from 1956)
Firing order 1-5-3-6-2-4
Engine ground 382 kg
Glow plug Bosch KE / GA 1/8 / Beru 214 Ge (36 W)
Fuel consumption according to DIN 70030 14.9 l / 100 km 16.4 l / 100 km Depending on the trailer

() Weights in brackets: With synchronized gearbox
[] Weights in square brackets: With reinforced tires
{} Values ​​in curly brackets: Synchronized gearbox

literature

Individual evidence

  1. Veteranenhalle.de , accessed on April 14, 2016.
  2. Transport with traction: all-wheel drive trucks since 1945 . Daimler-Benz Media
  3. http://camionargentino.blogspot.com.ar/2012/12/mercedes-benz-l-312.html
  4. http://www.autohistoria.com.ar/Modelos/Mercedes_Benz_Modelos.htm
  5. Mercedes-Benz L 4500: Mid-range class with high payload capacity . Mercedes-Benz press office, February 25, 2008