Mercedes-Benz R 129

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Mercedes Benz
Mercedes-Benz 500 SL (1989–1993)
Mercedes-Benz 500 SL (1989–1993)
R 129
Sales designation: 300 SL - 500 SL (1989–1993)
SL-Class (1993–2002)
Production period: 1989-2001
Class : Sports car
Body versions : Roadster
Engines:
Petrol engines : 2.8–7.3 liters
(140–386 kW)
Length: 4499 mm
Width: 1812 mm
Height: 1296 mm
Wheelbase : 2515 mm
Empty weight : 1700-2050 kg
Previous model Mercedes-Benz R 107
successor Mercedes-Benz R 230

The Mercedes-Benz R 129 is a roadster . The two-seater sports car is part of the Mercedes-Benz SL series .

The Mercedes R 129 was produced as the successor to the R 107 from 1989 to July 2, 2001. In 2001 it was replaced by the R 230 . The Mercedes class names were introduced during the model's construction period. While early examples were still referred to as SL models (with the SL at the rear , e.g. 500 SL ), the R 129 belonged to the SL class from 1993 (with the SL in front , e.g. SL 500 ).

Model history

General

SL rear view with hardtop

Development of the R 129 began in the mid-1970s, but was postponed for the time being because the new generations of the W 201 and W 124 required many development resources. This also explains the unusually long production cycle of the previous R 107 model.

The project was not resumed until 1982. The design was finalized around 1984 and a patent was filed on October 2, 1986. The R 129 already anticipated some of the design features of the W 140 . With the floor assembly, Mercedes was based on that of the W 124, but was designed for convertible-specific requirements such as higher torsional rigidity.

The R 129 had a multi-link axle and an automatically deployable roll bar , which was deployed in a fraction of a second in the event of a rollover to protect the occupants. Initially there was the R 129 with a V8 engine, later the twelve-cylinder V engine from the S-Class was also available.

Technology and innovation

In the R 129, Mercedes essentially used the drive technology of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class built in parallel. In the case of the R 129 series, it was initially the W 126, followed by the W 140 and, after its expiry, the successor W 220 . Since the construction time of the SL models was typically significantly longer than that of the corresponding S-Class sedans, there was also a model transition for the R 129 with a partial change in drive technology. The transition from the classic four-valve in-line six-cylinder to the new three-valve V6 engines, which are much cheaper to produce and safer in the event of a frontal collision, was striking. The eight-cylinder units also switched from four-valve to three-valve technology.

The suspension system ADS (Adaptive Damping System) was first offered as an option on a Mercedes. It was a partially hydraulic electronic suspension of the wheel suspension (see Active wheel suspension ) with level control for both the front and rear axles. The optimal damping for each wheel was calculated electronically and continuously using parameters from wheel acceleration sensors as well as the vehicle's longitudinal and lateral acceleration sensors and adjusted in four stages. In addition, the vehicle was lowered by 20 mm at speeds above 120 km / h and the ground clearance could be increased by 40 mm at speeds below 40 km / h at the push of a button.

The R 129 was the first Mercedes convertible to have an automatic roll bar that extends within 0.3 seconds in the event of a rollover. Another safety feature are the A-pillars, which are largely kink-proof in the event of a rollover. The integral seats, in which the belt and headrest are integrated into the seat, were new. They offer significantly better lateral support than the seats previously used. From September 1989 a five-speed automatic transmission was available for the 300 SL-24 . At that time, the narrow gear sets used in the eight-cylinder were still too weak.

The scope of delivery of the vehicle included a hardtop that protects the soft top in winter and that could be canceled for a short time at a reduced price around a year after production started. A panorama hardtop was available as an accessory from the first facelift, which enabled a certain "convertible feeling" even in the winter months.

1989 to 1995

Model upgrade for the IAA 1995

In September 1995, the R129 series has been revised and at the Frankfurt IAA presented 1995th The facelift included:

  • Redesigned front and rear bumpers
  • Colorless cover glasses on the front turn signal lights
  • Subtle changes to the radiator grille with six instead of seven slats
  • Side wall cladding and bumpers are no longer in contrast, but in body color
  • Bichromatic rear lights appearing red
  • New light alloy wheels in 12-hole design
  • Door panels, steering wheel and seat design slightly modified
  • New 5-speed automatic transmission for SL 500 and SL 600
  • Modified V12 and 5.0 L V8 engine
  • Electronic stability program (ESP) (standard only on SL 600)
  • Aluminum hard top with glass roof and sun blind (option)
  • Xenon headlights (option)
  • From June 1996 new automatic transmission also for SL 280 and SL 320

1995 to 1998

Facelift 1998 and 2000

The second model revision took place in April 1998. This was presented at the Turin Motor Show: The changes relate more to details, the most striking are the redesigned taillights.

  • New V6 and V8 engines with three-valve technology
  • New oval exhaust tailpipes
  • Exterior mirrors in SLK design
  • Redesigned taillights
  • Door handles and bodywork add-on parts painted in body color
  • Revised and larger brake system on the front axle with redesigned five-hole light alloy wheels and 245/45 ZR 17 tires
  • From June 1998: SL 60 AMG no longer available

The final and third facelift (from model year 2000) only affects details:

  • New exclusive leather equipment: In contrast to the earlier version, the nappa leather is now softer and has a fine grain
  • Smaller technical changes (radio remote control, APS30, motor control, etc.)

1998 to 2001

Special models

model Construction year number of pieces Starting model Changes
Mille Miglia April 1994 10 500 SL Outside: body, bumpers and trim parts in brilliant silver, Mille Miglia emblem on the side air outlets
Inside: leather in blue, seat centers, door trim inserts in special blue checked fabric reminiscent of the 300 SL gullwing, all wood panels in bird's-eye maple, dark blue, wood Leather steering wheel also with blue leather and dark blue bird's eye maple inserts, the production number and the Mille Miglia symbol are inserted in the top of the automatic selector lever
Special edition 1995 630 SL 280, SL320, SL 500 Exterior : body, bumper and trim parts in brilliant silver code 744, red fabric hood, 17 ″ light alloy EVO 2 rims, checkered flag on the side air outlets of the front fenders,

Inside : black leather seats with seat centers and headrests in red, with red decorative stitching, indicators in US version, center console, gear lever and door insert strips in carbon fiber fabric, steering wheel and rear hood compartment with red decorative stitching, black floor carpet with red surround.

40th Anniversary Roadster Edition 1997 750 SL 320, SL 500 Exterior: Body, bumper and trim parts in Designo Blue Code 012, (SL 320) with blue fabric top or Designo Red Code 019 (SL 500) with black fabric top, 17 ″ light alloy rims EVO 2 (only SL 500)

Inside: leather seats in gray (SL 320) or mushroom (SL 500), indicators in US version, center console, door insert and steering wheel (wood / leather) in Designo blue (SL 320) or chestnut (SL 500), black floor carpet with embroidered 40th anniversary logo

Special edition 1998 500 SL 280, SL 320, SL 500, SL 600 Exterior: body, bumper and trim parts in obsidian black code 197, red fabric hood, 18 ″ light metal rims EVO 2, fender shield with Special Edition lettering on the front fenders,

Stainless steel door sills with special edition lettering embossed.

Inside: leather seats including headrests in red, center console, gear lever, steering wheel rim (partially) and door insert strips in black burr walnut, instrument cluster front frame in red, floor carpet in black with red surround.

Designo Edition (MB UK) 1998 150 SL 280, SL 320, SL 500, SL 600 Exterior: body, bumpers and trim parts in Designo Varicolor Code 017, blue fabric top, 17-inch light alloy wheels EVO 2 (SL 320) or 18-inch AMG light alloy wheels (from SL 500)

Inside: leather seats in Designo gray, center console, door insert and steering wheel (wood / leather) in dark burr walnut, stainless steel door sills with Special Edition lettering

Designo Edition (MB Japan) 1998 67 SL 500 Exterior: body, bumpers and trim parts in Designo Varicolor Code 017, blue soft top, panorama hardtop, 17-inch light alloy wheels EVO 2 (SL 320) or 18 ″ AMG light alloy rims (from SL 500)

Inside: Exclusive leather seats in gray with seat centers in ultramarine, center console, door insert and steering wheel (wood / leather) in Designo wood ultramarine, black floor carpet with ultramarine surround

Mille Miglia 1999 10 SL 55 AMG Outside: body, bumper and trim parts in Designo silver code 029, black fabric hood, fender shield and trunk badge with Mille Miglia lettering

Inside: black leather seats, center console, door insert and steering wheel (wood / leather) in carbon fiber designo silver

SL Edition 2000 700 SL 320, SL 500 Exterior: Body, bumper and trim parts in Designo Mystic Blue, Code 032 with blue fabric hood or brilliant silver, Code 744 with black fabric hood, fender shield with SL Edition lettering, 18-inch BBS Albireo wheels, perforated brake discs, silver-painted brake calipers

Inside: Perforated black nappa leather seats with a silver support, rear seats, center console, door insert and steering wheel (wood / leather) in bird's-eye maple black, switch gate in pearl-finish aluminum with chrome frame, aluminum cover in the instrument cluster and on the switch console in pearl-finish with white instrument pointers, illuminated door sills with “SL Edition” lettering, wind deflector with chrome frame, black floor carpet with silver surround and SL badge.

Final Edition 2000 674 SL280, SL320, SL500 Exterior: body, bumper and trim parts in Designo Brilliant Black Code 025 or Silver Arrow Code 777, with black fabric top, fender shield with SL Final Edition lettering, 18-inch AMG light-alloy wheels,

Inside: Exclusive black leather upholstery with silver-colored decorative stitching, center console, door inlay and steering wheel (wood / leather) in Curly maple, Final Edition badge on center console, shift gate with chrome frame, instrument cluster with chrome frame and chrome trim rings around the instruments as well as white instrument pointer and center cover for the pointer Aluminum, stainless steel sill strips illuminated with “Final Edition” lettering, black floor carpet with silver surround and SL badge.

FormulaOne Edition 2000 20th SL 500 Exterior: body, bumper and trim parts in Designo Brilliant Black Code 025, black fabric hood, fender shield with Formula One Edition lettering, 18-inch AMG light-alloy wheels

Interior: black leather interior, center console, door insert and steering wheel (wood / leather) in aluminum silver, wind deflector with chrome frame,

Mille Miglia 2000 12 10 × SL 320,
2 × SL 500
Exterior: body, bumper and trim in brilliant silver code 744, black fabric top, fender shield with Mille Miglia Edition 2000 lettering, 18-inch AMG light-alloy wheels, perforated brake discs, silver-painted brake calipers

Inside: Nappa leather upholstery black perforated with silver-colored underlay, center console, door insert and steering wheel (wood / leather) in bird's eye maple black, numbered Mille Miglia badge on ash lid and inscription "Edition 2000 Series x / 12" (with x as consecutive numbering from 1 to 12), gear knob with the names of the drivers who drove this car at the Mille Miglia 2000, shift gate in aluminum structure with chrome frame, instrument cluster with front frame in aluminum structure and white instrument hands, stainless steel sill strips illuminated with "Mille Miglia 2000 Edition" lettering, black carpet with surround in silver and embroidered Mille Miglia emblem,

Silver Arrow Edition USA 2001 1550 1450 × SL 500,
100 × SL 600
Exterior: body, bumper, trim in Silver Arrow Metallic Code 777, black fabric top with additional light threads, fender shield with Silver Arrow lettering, 18-inch BBS Albireo light alloy wheels with high-gloss stainless steel collision protection, perforated brake discs, silver painted brake calipers , Trim strips in aluminum chrome gloss, panorama hardtop for SL 600, exhaust cover in polished stainless steel, fender air inlets with 2 aluminum chrome gloss fins

Inside: black leather upholstery with seat center panel and headrests in orion gray, door center panels and armrest in orion gray, seat center panel with embossed Silver Arrow logo, center console and door inlay in bird's-eye maple black, Silver Arrow logo on ash lid, switch gate in aluminum structure, pearl finish with chrome frame, instrument cluster with front frame in Aluminum structure, pearl finish and white instrument hands with central cover in aluminum, stainless steel door sills illuminated with "Silver Arrow" lettering, black floor carpet with silver surround and SL badge, aluminum pedals with rubber studs, wind deflector with chrome frame

Mille Miglia 2001 13 SL 600 Exterior: body, bumper, trim in Silver Arrow Metallic Code 777, black fabric hood, fender shield with Mille Miglia 2001 lettering, Mille Miglia badge on the boot lid, 18-inch BBS Albireo light-alloy wheels, perforated brake discs, silver-painted brake calipers, aluminum trim strips -Chrome gloss, convertible top compartment lid high-gloss polished, exhaust trim in polished stainless steel, panorama hardtop, fenders

Engines

Six-, eight- and twelve-cylinder units were offered throughout the R 129. Initially, the 300 SL, 300 SL-24 and 500 SL models were on the price lists. From 1992 the first twelve-cylinder in the SL, the 600 SL (later the SL 600), was available. Gradually the SL got the more modern V6 and V8 engines from the S-Class. These had double ignition and three valves per cylinder.

 * The engine designation is coded as follows: M = engine (Otto), series = 3 digits, E = manifold injection, displacement = deciliters (rounded)

AMG models

In terms of numbers, the AMG versions only played a small role. From 1993 AMG offered the SL 60 AMG with an eight-cylinder M 119 drilled out to six liters . It was officially in the Mercedes price lists until 1998 and cost around 220,000 DM in its last year of production. With the facelift of the series that appeared at the time, it fell out of the range.

Building on the SL 280, AMG developed the SL 36 AMG in 1995 with a 3.6 liter six-cylinder in-line engine (M 104 E 36) and 200 kW (272 hp). The vehicle was handed over to the winner of the Stuttgart MercedesCup ( Thomas Muster ) by Helmut Werner , then Chairman of the Board of Management of Mercedes-Benz AG . This vehicle is a unique piece.

In the mid-1990s, there was the SL 600 6.0 AMG , the SL 70 AMG and the SL 73 AMG with twelve-cylinder engines for a short time . After a short break, these vehicles were available again from 1998 to 2001, but never officially in the Mercedes-Benz price lists. They rolled off the assembly line at Mercedes as the SL 600 with AMG styling package and AMG wheels and were then converted at AMG in Affalterbach.

In addition to the increase in displacement to 7.0 or 7.3 liters or the cylinder head tuning for the 6.0 liter, including other fine-tuning measures, the drive shafts and the brake system were modified to do justice to the higher performance. The ADS chassis of the original model was retained, and the transmission and differential ratio remained the same. At the time, these technology packages cost DM 81,657.04 (SL 70 AMG) or DM 99,180 in the SL 73 AMG (from AMG Manufaktur price list 04/1999), in addition to the basic price of at least DM 240,000 for the SL 600 with AMG styling package and AMG wheels. The SL 600 AMG 6.0 (engine code 120981 with 324 kW / 600 Nm) , which was mainly produced on behalf of AMG Japan Inc., cost 24,300,000 yen in 1993 , which corresponded to approx. 300,000 DM or an additional charge of around 60,000 DM.

In 1995 35 examples of the SL 72 AMG were produced. The Sultan of Bahrain acquired 25 of them , only 10 of them went on sale. This version is powered by a 7.2 liter engine with 12 cylinders with 532 hp (391 kW) and a torque of up to 740 Nm. Here, too, the basis was the SL 600.

The SL 55 AMG presented in 1999 was also a manufactured product based on the SL 500 (129.068), which did not officially appear in the Mercedes-Benz price lists. The SL 55 AMG is powered by the modified 5.4-liter V8 that has been adapted to match the R129 and was also installed in the E 55 AMG ( 210 series ). The price for the technology package (with the SL 500 delivered with AMG styling package and AMG wheels) was DM 37,120. In addition to the engine, this also includes an adapted engine control, an adapted transmission control and a different rear axle ratio. On request, there were also other modifications such as an increase in the top speed to 280 km / h, or further customization of the interior.

Quantities

  • SL 280: 12,319
  • SL 300: 39.004
  • SL 320: 39.293
  • SL 500: 94.048
  • SL 600: 11.089
  • SL 55 AMG: 65
  • SL 60 AMG: 633
  • SL 70 AMG: 150
  • SL 72 AMG: 35
  • SL 73 AMG: 42
  • SL 36 AMG: 2 (custom-made by AMG for the winner of the Stuttgart MercedesCup 1995 tennis tournament ) and a works car as a test vehicle.

In total, Mercedes-Benz produced 204,940 vehicles of the R 129 series in 13 years.

Special equipment (extract)

code Surname
214 Adaptive Damping System (ADS)
228 Additional heating
231 garage door opener
241 Left electrically adjustable driver's seat with memory
242 Right electrically adjustable driver's seat with memory
249 Inside and outside mirrors can be dimmed automatically (with memory if necessary)
270 Rod antenna for telephone (D-Netz) on left rear wing
278 Complete telephone preparation. (D network)
284 Selector lever in wood
289 Wood / leather steering wheel and leather selector lever
309 Cup holder in the center console
357 Navigation system additional device
404 Multicontour seat front left
405 Multicontour seat front right
415 Panorama glass roof
441 Adjustable steering column
472 Electronic Stabilization Program (ESP)
481 Underguard (metal)
500 Left and right exterior mirrors can be folded down
501 Left and right exterior mirrors can be folded down with memory (possibly also interior mirror)
511 Radio MB Exquisit with VK, RDS (Panasonic)
512 Radio MB special with VK, RDS
551 Burglary / theft warning system (EDW)
565 Rear seats
600 Headlight cleaning system
612 Xenon headlights for right-hand traffic
644 Alu rims 5-spoke design 17 ″
652 8-hole aluminum rims
682 Fire extinguisher
731 Wood version burr walnut
733 Chestnut wood finish
740 Top fabric 9001 black
755 Radio MB special CD
772 AMG styling (front apron, rear apron, side skirts)
783 AMG wheels with AMG sports suspension
793 AMG wheels 8.5 X 18 ET 25 245/40, multi-part
810 Bose sound system
819 CD changer
873 Seat heating driver's seat left and right
925 D4 exhaust gas cleaning with EU3 technology
957 AMG technology package
988 Vehicle letter and COC paper and nameplate
511A Exclusive black / anthracite leather
514A Exclusive leather java
518A Exclusive orion gray leather
519A Exclusive leather helios

Existence in Germany

The inventory of Mercedes-Benz R 129 is listed according to manufacturer (HSN) and type code numbers (TSN) in Germany according to the Federal Motor Transport Authority . Types with less than 100 vehicles are not shown. Until 2007, the inventory included the number of vehicles registered as well as the number of temporary shutdowns. Since 2008, the inventory has only included "flowing traffic" including the seasonal license plates.

HSN / TSN model Model kW 1.1.2005 1.1.2006 1.1.2008 1.1.2009 1.1.2010 1.1.2011 1.1.2012 1.1.2013 1.1.2014 1.1.2015 1.1.2016 1.1.2017 1.1.2018 1.1.2019
0708/396 300 SL 129,060 140 6,186 6,064 5,000 4,981 4,950 4,848 4,810 4,745 4,697 4,668 4,646 4,624 4,567 4,552
0708/397 300 SL-24 129,061 170 5,246 5,135 4,094 4,046 4,050 3,953 3,912 3,891 3,827 3,776 3,735 3,741 3,734 3,733
0708/398 500 SL 129,066 240 5,175 4,977 3,742 3,709 3,697 3,632 3,660 3,632 3,608 3,672 3,718 3,788 3,805 3,825
0708/443 500 SL, SL 500 129,067 235 4,519 4,431 3,564 3,500 3,536 3,559 3,634 3,638 3,695 3,796 3,890 4,009 4,042 4,077
0708/444 600 SL, SL 600

(SL70.73)

129,076 290 1,237 1,190 883 849 860 863 877 872 861 860 885 878 865 871
0708/474 SL 280 129.058 142 4,947 4,886 4,225 4,222 4,230 4.178 4.169 4.137 4.063 4,066 4,075 4073 4,060 4.027
0708/475 SL 320 129,063 170 10,011 9,860 8,544 8,453 8,453 8,386 8,364 8,386 8,306 8,403 8,427 8,481 8,507 8,562
0709/489 SL 500 (SL60) 129,067 240 180 174 121 121 126 130 134 141 142 142 155 169 174 186
0710/399 SL 280 129.059 150 803 795 731 724 717 713 717 718 698 698 701 713 696 699
0710/400 SL 320 129,064 165 3,093 3,057 2,758 2,744 2,745 2,731 2,737 2,699 2,730 2,754 2,771 2,777 2,775 2,787
0710/401 SL 500 (SL55) 129,068 225 874 854 726 724 758 764 788 811 845 879 919 941 977 995
source [16]

Individual evidence

  1. See Mercedes Cup, Gestatten: Mercedes SL 36 AMG , 1995.
  2. This is the rarest AMG. In: Auto Zeitung , March 25, 2019.
  3. ↑ The number of passenger cars on January 1, 2005 by manufacturer and type with selected features. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, special issue 4 for series 2, January 1, 2005. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, May 2005, pp. 25, 27, 28 , archived from the original on March 18, 2006 ; accessed on October 23, 2015 .
  4. ↑ The number of passenger cars on January 1, 2006 by manufacturer, trade name, selected features and displacement classes. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, special edition 4 for series 2, January 1, 2006. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, June 2006, pp. 96, 99, 100 , archived from the original on October 9, 2006 ; accessed on October 23, 2015 .
  5. ↑ The number of passenger cars on January 1, 2008 by manufacturer, trade name, selected features and displacement classes. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2008. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, June 2008, pp. 106, 108, 109 , accessed on October 23, 2015 .
  6. ↑ The number of passenger cars on January 1, 2009 by manufacturer, trade name, selected features and cubic capacity. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2009. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, July 2009, pp. 113, 116, 117 , accessed on October 23, 2015 .
  7. ↑ The number of passenger cars on January 1, 2010 by manufacturer, trade name, selected features and cubic capacity. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2010. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, July 2010, pp. 113, 115–117 , accessed on October 23, 2015 .
  8. ↑ The number of passenger cars on January 1, 2011 by manufacturer, trade name, selected features and cubic capacity. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2011. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, July 2011, pp. 119, 122, 123 , accessed on October 23, 2015 .
  9. ↑ The number of passenger cars on January 1, 2012 by manufacturer, trade name, selected features and cubic capacity. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2012. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, July 2012, pp. 124, 127, 128 , accessed on October 23, 2015 .
  10. Passenger car inventory on January 1, 2013 by manufacturer, trade name and selected features. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2013. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, July 2013, pp. 44, 45, 48, 49 , accessed on October 23, 2015 .
  11. Passenger car inventory on January 1, 2014 by manufacturer, trade name and selected features. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2014. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, July 2014, pp. 48, 49, 52 , accessed on October 23, 2015 .
  12. Passenger car inventory on January 1, 2015 by manufacturer, trade name and selected features. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2015. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, July 2015, pp. 49, 52, 53 , accessed on October 23, 2015 .
  13. Number of passenger cars on January 1, 2016 by manufacturer, trade name and selected features. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2016. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, July 2016, pp. 50, 53, 54 , accessed on April 27, 2017 .
  14. Inventory of motor vehicles and trailers on January 1, 2017 by manufacturer and trade name. In: Statistical reports from the Federal Motor Transport Authority FZ 2, January 1, 2017. Federal Motor Transport Authority, accessed on January 14, 2019 .
  15. Number of vehicles and trailers on January 1, 2018 by manufacturer and trade name. Retrieved January 14, 2019 .

Web links

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