Habsburgs in Alsace

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Front Austrian government in Ensisheim

The Habsburgs were wealthy early on in Alsace , in the Harthwald region around Ottmarsheim . It was an old family property, the home of the later Austrian dynasty. These Allodialgütern the added Landgraviate of the Upper Rhine , which was transferred in 1135 to the Habsburgs, new areas added. These were presumably in the area around Ensisheim and partly around Landser , maybe also in the Colmar area ( Herrschaft Landsberg ). There were also advocacies on the powerful Vosges -Abtei Murbach , about the Bishop of Strasbourg associated Obermundat to Rufach and Sulz , as well as various monasteries.

The Habsburgs received their most significant territorial growth through the marriage of Archduke Albrecht II the Wise to Johanna , the last Countess von Pfirt (1324). So the whole of the western Sundgau as far as the Delle , Belfort and Rougemont came under the Habsburgs. A large Habsburg area, stretching from the Rhine to the Burgundian Gate and from the Jura to the Thur , was created, an area in which only Mulhouse did not recognize Austrian rule. The Habsburgs, who still owned the lords of Isenheim and Bollweiler north of the Thur, those of Landsberg near Colmar and the hamlet of Tal in Lower Alsace , were the greatest territorial lords in Upper Alsace until the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. This area was not part of the for five years Habsburgs, but was pledged to Charles the Bold , the mighty Duke of Burgundy (1469–1474). The Habsburg property was divided into a number of lordships that were to exist as French seigneuries from 1648 until the revolution in 1789. Extensive property was given out as a fiefdom to the nobility of Upper Austria , who were mostly wealthy on both sides of the Rhine and belonged to the knighthood of Breisgau .

The administration of the Habsburg territories in Upper Alsace, the Landvogtei in Sundgau, was the responsibility of the Obervogt in Ensisheim, who was subordinate to four bailiffs in Landser, Altkirch , Pfirt and Thann . Furthermore, the counties Belfort and Frohberg (Montjoie) as well as some smaller lordships belonged to the Sundgau. In Ensisheim a government ( regiment of our fore lands in Upper Alsace ) was set up, in 1523 Archduke Ferdinand issued the first detailed instructions. A governor acted as head, supported by the governor, chancellor, chamber procurator and four other councilors. The Upper Austrian government and chamber always remained subordinate to the Upper Austrian court authorities in Innsbruck . The four countries Alsace , Sundgau , Breisgau and Black Forest belonged to this regiment . In the northern part of Alsace , the Landgraviate of Alsace, the Habsburgs owned the lordships of Hohlandsberg , Hohkönigsburg , the Weilertal and, above all, the economically and politically important Bailiwick of Hagenau .


Alsace - regional

Landvogtei Sundgau (Landgraviat de Haute-Alsace, Comté du Sundgau)

In 1135 the Landgraviate in Upper Alsace, spatially equal to the County of Sundgau, fell to the Counts of Habsburg. During the Thirty Years 'War emigrated most noble families of Basel or after Solothurn , the Württemberg Mömpelgard ( Montbéliard ) and the fürstbischöflich-baslerische Porrentruy ( Porrentruy ) and made a call to the Regent of Further Austria, Archduchess Claudia de' Medici , for military service against Sweden not Episode. The Waldner von Freundstein were the only ones who joined their Swedish denomination relatives and were punished for this with the withdrawal of their fiefs in 1637, which they could accept with serenity, because the same fiefs were transferred to them again in 1640, this time by the French king. As a result, other families in the same year - eight years before the peace treaty - performed the serment de fidelité au roi before the French commanders of the Breisach Fortress ( Reinach , Andlau , Wessenberg , Landenberg , Eptingen , Reich von Reichenstein , Pfirt and Truchsess von Rheinfelden ). In the Peace of Westphalia, Austria ceded all possessions in Alsace and Sundgau to France ; the Austrian government was relocated to Freiburg im Breisgau . King Louis XIV of France gave the great bailiots (Bailliages) to the French nobility. From Altkirch, Ferrette, Thann, Belfort, Rosemont , Delle and Issenheim , he formed the Duché de Mazarin in 1658 for the influential Cardinal Jules Mazarin , who in 1661, immediately before his death, bequeathed the duchy to his niece Hortensia Mancini as a wedding gift, on condition that her Husband took the name Mazarin and thus became the Duc de Mazarin . After several inheritances, the duchy came in 1777 to Louise d'Aumont Mazarin , Duchesse de Valentinois through her marriage to Honoré de Grimaldi , Duc de Valentinois and Hereditary Prince of Monaco . The king kept the Obervogtei Ensisheim (Grand Bailliage d'Ensisheim) and the fiefs for the fortresses Landskron , Hüningen and Fort-Louis in his personal possession. The remaining fiefs often remained with the same nobles as before under Austrian sovereignty; only the feudal lord changed.

Bailiwick of Ensisheim (Grand Bailliage d'Ensisheim)

Ensisheim was recorded in the land register of 1303 and was pledged to Wernher von Rodersdorf in 1389, to Friedrich von Huse in 1412, then to Heinrich von Rodersdorf, 1453 to Werner Hadmannsdorffer, 1469 to Bernhard von Gilgenberg, Vogt zu Heiligkreuz , son of Rudolf von Ramstein (the last his gender). After 1648 the King of France kept Ensisheim as personal property.

  • City of Ensisheim (Ville d'Ensisheim)
  • Fiefdom
    • Lord of Hattstatt (1713 to M. de Klinglin)
Matthias Merian, Ensisheim 1663
Coat of arms of the town and bailiwick of Ensisheim

Landser rule (Seigneurie de Landser)

Landser was recorded in the land register of 1303, pledged in 1350 to Ulrich von Rodersdorf, 1359 to Dietrich von Huse, 1411 to Burkhart Münch von Landskron, 1454 to Thuringia II and Thuringia III. von Hallwyl , 1470 to Truchsess von Wolhusen, 1529 to Graf von Ortenberg, 1568 repurchase by Austria. In 1645 King Louis XIV granted Landser to Barthélemy and Jean-Henry Herwart. The two sons of the wealthy Lyon banker Daniel Herwart received this manorial rule as security for the enormous sums of money that they had made available to the French crown when the Weimar army took over . After the Edict of Nantes was repealed in 1685, the Calvinist family members emigrated to London and inherited the rule of a La Tour du Pin as a condominium in 1775 to the Comtesses de Senozan and de Périgord as well as the Marquis de Miramon and the Marquis de Veynes.

  • Office Ober-Landser (Haut-Landser)
  • Office Nieder-Landser (Bas-Landser)
  • Fiefdom
    • Herr von Landenberg (after 1648 as a condominium to M. de Landenberg and the Comtesses de Senozan and de Périgord as well as the Marquis de Miramon and the Marquis de Veynes)
Landser rule in Alsace

Lordship of Altkirch (Seigneurie d'Altkirch)

Altkirch came in 1324 by inheritance to the Duke of Austria, pledged in 1437 to Heinrich von Ramstein (son of the Basel mayor Cuntzmann von Ramstein), 1469 to Konrad von Ramstein and his son-in-law Lazarus von Andlau, 1503 to Count Rudolf von Sulz , a little later to the Fugger . After 1648 Altkirch belonged to the Duché de Mazarin (→ Introduction) and was awarded to the Duc de Valentinois in 1777.

Altkirch - Musée sundgauvien
St. Morandus 1900

County of Pfirt (Comté de Ferrette)

The county of Pfirt came to Duke of Austria by inheritance in 1324, so the name Sundgau was in use for the county of Pfirt with accessories - especially Altkirch, Thann and Rotenberg - pledged in 1443 to Peter von Mörsberg, later to Christoph von Rechberg (from a Family of Carinthia, who played an important role in the history of Rheinfeld during the Basler campaign against this city and at that time was captain von Säckingen ), then to Reich von Reichenstein , then to Fugger. After 1648 Ferrette belonged to the Duché de Mazarin (→ Introduction) and was awarded to the Duc de Valentinois in 1777.

Coat of arms of the county of Pfirt

Reign of Thann (Seigneurie de Thann)

Thann came to the Duke of Austria by inheritance in 1324. The city had been fortified since the mid-14th century and received numerous privileges and freedoms. In 1379, King Wenzel Thann released all foreign jurisdictions, and in 1387 Archduke Albrecht gave the flourishing city the right to mint coins. Thann had its own seal and market rights, and it was laying town d. H. it was a deposit for the safekeeping of the Habsburg money. In 1366 Austria pledged the Castel Sant'Angelo to the Basel citizen Johann von Wallbach. In 1445, Markwart von Baldegg received the Thann rule as a pledge. This market warden played an important role in the history of Rheinfeld. In 1461, Heinrich Reich von Reichenstein from the respected Basel family became pledge lord von Thann. He had been in the Austrian service and had served the Habsburgs faithfully. His brother Peter acquired Landskron in the same year. When the Sundgau came to Karl the Bold, he became Vogt of Laufenburg and Pfandherr von Thann. After 1648 Thann belonged to the Duché de Mazarin (→ Introduction) and was awarded to the Duc de Valentinois in 1777.

Thann, Castel Sant'Angelo ruins

County of Beffort (Comté de Belfort)

Beffort ( Belfort ) came to the Duke of Austria by inheritance in 1350. The lordship of Belfort with the Terre d'Assise was owned by Johanna von Mömpelgard , the wife of Count Ulrich II von Pfirt. In 1347 in Altkirch she divided her father's inheritance among her four daughters, who arose from her marriage to Ulrich II von Pfirt (1299) and the Margrave Hesse von Baden (1325). The wife of Duke Albrecht of Austria, Johanna von Pfirt, received the Rosenfels rule along with several other fiefs. Her younger sister Ursula, who had married Count Hugo von Hohenberg , came into the possession of part of Belfort, Offemont and several localities of the Meiertum Pfeffingen with Pérouse . Adelheid, Margravine of Baden, received the other part from Belfort. Margareta von Baden was endowed with Blumenberg and Héricourt. In 1350 Duke Albrecht acquired the part that Ursula had received, pledged in 1407 to Bernhard von Thierstein, 1449 to Erkinger von Heimenhofen, 1452 to Peter von Mörsberg, 1553 to Count von Ortenburg, soon afterwards redeemed by the Habsburgs. After 1648 Belfort belonged to the Duché de Mazarin (→ Introduction) and was awarded to the Duc de Valentinois in 1777.

Dominion Granweiler (Seigneurie de Grandvillars)

The von Granweiler family owned this area as an Austrian fiefdom, but later it came to the Lords of Andlau. In 1342 Johanna von Pfirt gave knight Heinrich von Granweiler the fief of the same name, the city and the castle as well as everything that belonged to it. After 1648 Grandvillars was given to the heirs of the Marquis de Pezeux.

  • In 1708 a fiefdom was created for M. de Bassinière, in 1759 to François-Bernardin Noblat:

Dominion Münsterol owned by the Lord von Reinach (Seigneurie de Montreux)

The lords of Munsterol , who divided into two lines in 1458, were fiefdoms of the rule . The area of ​​the older line fell to the lords of Reinach (line in Montreux) in 1497, that of the younger line first to Mörsberg, then to the lords of Bollweiler and in 1608 to the Reinach (line in Foussemagne ). Even after 1648, Montreux remained with M. de Reinach.

  • Jurisdiction of the House of Austria (Seigneurie particulière de la Maison d'Autriche)

Reign of Rosenfels (Val de Rosemont)

Rosenfels in 1347 to Austria, pledged to Ulmann von Pfirt, 1352 to Peter von Bollweiler, 1363 to Margareta von Baden, then to the Lords of Rodersdorf, 1398 to Peter von Kly, Lord of Goldenfels zu Pruntrut, 1447 to Erkinger von Heimenhofen, 1457 to Friedrich von Staufenberg, in 1457 to Count Rudolf von Sulz in Klettgau, most recently to Peter von Mörsberg, in 1550 Habsburg released the pledges. After 1648 Rosemont belonged to the Duché de Mazarin (→ Introduction) and was awarded to the Duc de Valentinois in 1777.

Dominion Blumenberg (Seigneurie de Florimont)

Blumenberg was pledged in 1361 to Margravine Margareta von Baden, who left the pledge to her daughter of the same name, wife of Count Gottfried von Leiningen. The dukes Albrecht and Leopold of Austria took the pledge back, in 1368 to Johann von Walbach, a Basel citizen, pledge holder of Ensisheim, Sennheim, Masmünster, Rotenberg and Thanner Castle, then to Margravine Adelheid von Baden, wife of Count Walraf von Thierstein, 1399 renewed for Thierstein. In 1406 Leopold IV and Katharina took back the pledge, but in 1421 again to Thierstein., 1457 to Markwart von Stein, Vogt zu Mömpelgard, 1496 to Bernhard von Reinach, 1560 to Baron von Bollweiler, 1617 to Fugger, since Margarethe von Bollweiler den Johann Ernst von Fugger had married. The Fuggers kept the pledge until 1672, after which Florimont came to M. de Barbaud and finally to M. de Ferrette .

Lordship of Tattenried (Seigneurie de Delle)

Tattenried was recorded in the land register of 1303, pledged in 1417 to Thuring von Ramstein, later Ulmann von Pfirt and Heinrich von Rodersdorf, and in 1443 to Konrad von Mörsberg. Belfort, Tattenried, Rosenfels and Isenheim should only be redeemable together. After 1648 Delle belonged to the Duché de Mazarin (→ Introduction) and was awarded to the Duc de Valentinois in 1777.

  • Fiefdom
    • Herr von Landenberg (also with M. de Landenberg after 1648)
  • Kaltenbrunn Abbey (Abbaye de Froidefontaine , after 1648 at the Royal College of Colmar)

County of Frohberg (Comté de Montjoie)

The wooded Jurabergland on the Doubs was given by the Austrians as the Frohberg fief to the Tullier-Frohberg family. In Sundgau the Frohberg were enfeoffed with Bruebach and Heimersdorf , they had a castle in Hirsingen and extensive rights in Grosne .

Lordship of Rotenberg (Seigneurie de Rougemont)

Rotenberg came to the Duke of Austria by inheritance in 1324. Pledged in 1356 to Count Johann von Habsburg, who named himself after Rotenberg, in 1363 to the Basel citizen Johann von Walpach, Irene von Neuchâtel, wife of Count von Hohenberg but remained pledge, Ursula von Habsburg-Rotenberg married Count Rudolf von Sulz, Vogt von Altkirch . He also received the Rotenberg pledge. In 1581 Johann Caspar von Jestetten bought the Rotenberg estate, while the Counts of Sulz took over the Jestetten estate . The government of Upper Austria did not recognize the agreement and took back the pledge in 1609. Pledged in 1629 to Johann Caspar von Stadion , Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, and to his brother Johann Christoph, Councilor of the Government and Vogt of Landser. Rotenberg kept the stadium until 1694, after which Rougemont came to Nicolas Chalon du Blé , known as Maréchal d'Uxelles. After his death in 1730, Conrad-Alexandre de Rothenbourg , French ambassador to the courts of Spain and Prussia, who died in 1735, acquired the Seigneurie de Rougemont. He combined the rule with his Masevaux estate and bequeathed the Seigneuries unies de Rougemont et Masevaux to his sister, who was married to Nicolas-Joseph, Comte de Vaudrey and Baron de Saint-Rémy. Her daughter Jeanne-Octavie married a Marquis de Rosen and brought the United Lords into the marriage. Finally, Rougemont and Masevaux came to the Prince de Broglie , Governor General of the Trois-Évêchés , the three dioceses of Metz , Toul and Verdun, and Alsace.

  • Meiertum Phaffans
  • St. Nicolas Monastery

Reign of Masmünster (Seigneurie de Masevaux)

Masmünster was pledged in 1357 to the Basel citizen Johann von Walbach, 1385 to Count Conrad IV of Freiburg, 1417 to Hans von Lupfen, Lord von Hohnack, Austrian governor in Alsace and Obervogt in Thann, 1468 to the Lords of Masmünster, 1572 to the Lords of Bollweiler, after their extinction to the Fuggers. Expelled by the Swedes in the Thirty Years' War, the Fuggers were confirmed in rule by the Treaty of Münster in 1648 and in 1680 they sold Masevaux to the Maréchal de camp Conrad von Rosen , Comte de Bollwiller . With the approval of King Louis XIV, the property was converted into a fiefdom. Conrad von Rosen sold the estate to his son-in-law Nicolas-Frédéric de Rothenbourg in 1684 ; this was followed by his son, Conrad-Alexandre, who was the French ambassador to the courts of Spain and Prussia and died in 1735 after he had also acquired the rulership of Rougemont and connected it with Masevaux. He bequeathed the Seigneuries unies de Rougemont et Masevaux to his sister, who was married to Nicolas-Joseph, Comte de Vaudrey and Baron de Saint-Rémy. Her daughter Jeanne-Octavie married a Marquis de Rosen and brought the United Lords into the marriage. Finally Rougemont and Masevaux came to the Prince de Broglie (→ Herrschaft Rotenberg).

  • Upper Meiertum (Basse-Mairie)
  • Lower Meiertum (Haute-Mairie)

Bailiwick of Sennheim (Bailliage de Cernay)

Sennheim was pledged to the Basel citizen Johann von Walbach in 1366. In 1385 the pledge came to Count Egon VII of Freiburg , Verena's husband of Neuchâtel. This pledge was part of the morning gift of her daughter Anna, the sister of Count Conrad IV of Freiburg, Lord of Neuchâtel (1395). After the death of Adelheid von Lichtenberg, Anna married the widowed Margrave Rudolf III. von Rötteln-Sausenberg (1344–1428). Her son Wilhelm von Hachberg owned Sennheim in 1439 when this bailiwick was given as a morning gift to Rudolf III. came, the other part of the morning gift consisted of the Istein fortress, but this festival later came to Burkhard Münch von Landskron, the future lender of Landser. At the beginning of the 17th century the rule was owned by the lords of Pfirt-Sennheim-Blumenberg . In 1731 Cernay came with Steinbach as a condominium to MM. De Gohr, de Clebsattel and de la Touch.

Lordship of Isenheim (Seigneurie d'Issenheim)

For a long time, the village and castle of Isenheim were in the hands of the Lords of Huse, originally from the upper Lauch valley, who received them from the House of Austria in 1351. They also called themselves Huse-Isenheim. Pledged in 1432 to Volker von Sulzbach, 1460 to the Lords of Schauenburg. Shortly afterwards Isenheim and Ingelsot to Peter von Mörsberg. After 1648 Issenheim belonged to the Duché de Mazarin (→ Introduction) and was awarded to the Duc de Valentinois in 1777.

Reign of Bollweiler (Seigneurie de Bollwiller)

Bollweiler came from the possession of the Murbach Abbey to the Habsburgs. The rule initially belonged to the Lords of Bollweiler, who were raised to the status of imperial barons in 1454. The family became powerful when they entered the service of Austria. The most important representative of the family was Nikolaus, a well-known warrior and administrator (died 1588), who had also received the Weilertal and the Hohkönigsburg as well as the pledges of Blumenberg and Masmünster. With Rudolf, the male line died out in 1617; his daughter brought the stately property of the barons of Bollweiler to the Counts of Fugger through marriage. The large renaissance castle, initially a moated castle, is still standing. In 1680 Bollwiller was awarded to Marshal Conrad von Rosen , who carried the title of Comte de Bollwiller and was also able to acquire Masevaux. Bollwiller came with Rougemont and Masevaux at the end of the 18th century to the Prince de Broglie (→ Herrschaft Rotenberg).

Landgraviate of Alsace (Landgraviat d'Alsace)

Lordship of Hohlandsberg (Seigneurie de Haut-Landsbourg)

Landsberg (later Hohlandsberg ) was recorded in the land register from 1303 and is one of the oldest Habsburg possessions in Alsace. In the 14th century the rule was pledged to the Lords of Rappoltstein . In 1415 King Sigismund gave them to the Counts of Lupfen , whose heirs sold them to Field Captain Lazarus von Schwendi in 1563. His castle is in Kienzheim . Through the rule of Hohlandsberg, the old road ran through Kaysersberg and the Vosges to the Duchy of Lorraine . In 1681, Louis XIV withdrew the fief from Franz von Schwendi because he was too close to the imperial family and transferred Haut-Landsbourg to the Baron de Montclar . After his death in 1690 the rule fell to his son-in-law, the Colonel Marquis de Rebé. In 1693, the inheritance passed through his daughter Marie-Josephine to her husband, Lieutenant General and Governor of Belfort Marquis du Bourg. After the death of the Marquis du Bourg in 1712, Haut-Landsbourg became the property of the city of Colmar .

Lordship of the Hohkönigsburg (Seigneurie de Haut-Koenigsbourg)

In Lower Alsace, the Habsburgs owned the Hohkönigsburg . The castle blocked the entrance to the Markircher and Weiler valleys and towered over the entire plain from Colmar to Schlettstadt . In 1479, Emperor Friedrich III. the Counts Oswald and Wilhelm von Thierstein enfeoffed the Hohkönigsburg, it remained in this family until it went out. Pledged in 1533 by Ferdinand I to the Lord of Sickingen , in the 17th century to the Lords of Bollweiler, then in 1616 to their heirs, the Fuggers. In 1770, Haut-Koenigsbourg was awarded to M. de Boug.

Herrschaft Weilertal or Albrechtstal (Seigneurie de Villé)

The Albrechtstal (later Weilertal ) was recorded in the land register from 1303 and was pledged to the Lords of Müllenheim in 1314 by Friedrich the Schoene and his brother Leopold, at the beginning of the 16th century to the royal councilor Schaubert, and in 1554 by Ferdinand I to Nikolaus von Bollweiler and in 1616 to the heirs of this family, the Fuggers. After 1648 Villé was awarded to M. de Choiseul-Meuse .

Landvogtei Hagenau (Grand Bailliage de Haguenau)

Following a war by the Elector Palatinate for the Lower Bavarian inheritance, King Maximilian I succeeded in taking over the Hagenau bailiwick to the empire in 1504 . Baron Kaspar von Mörsberg and Belfort was appointed Unterlandvogt (1511 Hans Jakob von Mörsberg and Belfort), but only recognized after some time, after the cities in Schlettstadt were united . When taking over the bailiwick, the emperor paid little attention to old Palatine pledge tenders, but after a few years he promised the elector the repayment of 80,000 gulden and emphasized in 1510 that, as Archduke of Austria, he held the bailiwick on a pledge. It was not until 1520 that Charles V and Ferdinand were able to settle the deposit . In 1558 Ferdinand dissolved the bailiwick from the hands of the count palatine. Hans Diebold Waldner von Freundstein, who was replaced by Nikolaus Freiherr von Bollweiler in 1561, became the lower bailiff. He stayed until 1588. In 1564 Archduke Ferdinand II (brother of Emperor Maximilian II ) became Oberlandvogt, in 1595 Emperor Rudolf II , and in 1605 Archduke Maximilian III. , 1618 Archduke Leopold V. He died in 1632 and was not replaced because of the Swedish War. With him the bailiwick had been lost to the empire and the Habsburgs; with the stones of the Imperial Palace Hagenau let Vauban built the fortress Fort-Louis. After 1648 Haguenau was awarded to M. de Choiseul-Stainville .

The Reichslandvogt (Grand-Bailli) was also in charge of the ten imperial cities in Alsace, which had formed the association known as the Ten- City League or Décapole since 1354 . He led the meetings of the representatives of the cities, which took place several times a year in Haguenau , Colmar , Schlettstadt or in the imperial city of Strasbourg , which did not belong to the Décapole . The ten imperial cities initially opposed the resolutions of the Peace of Westphalia, but in 1662 they had to swear allegiance to the King of France. The ten cities of the Décapole from north to south:

Musée alsacien de Haguenau, former chancellery of the governorate

literature

  • Baum, Wilhelm: The Habsburgs in the Vorlanden 1386–1486. Crisis and climax of the Habsburg position of power in Swabia at the end of the Middle Ages, Vienna 1993.
  • Grasser, Jean-Paul and Traband, Gérard: Haguenau, in: Bernard Vogler (ed.): La Décapole. Dix villes d'Alsace alliées pour leurs libertés 1354–1679 , Strasbourg 2009, 39–68.
  • Kreutter, Franz: History of the Austro-Hungarian states: drawn from documents, simultaneous historians and other purest sources / from a capitular of the Reichsstift St. Blasi im Schwarzwalde, St. Blasien 1790.
  • Metz, Friedrich (Hrsg.): Vorderösterreich, Eine geschichtliche Landeskunde, 2nd edition Freiburg i. Br. 1967, with essays on all the territories of Upper Austria.
  • Nuss, Philippe: Les Habsbourg en Alsace dès origines à 1273. Recherche pour une histoire de l'Alsatia Habsburgica, Altkirch 2002.
  • Pelzer, Erich: The Alsatian nobility in late feudalism. Tradition and change of a regional elite between the Peace of Westphalia and the Revolution (1648–1790), Munich 1990.
  • Quarthal, Franz and Gerhard Faix (eds.): The Habsburgs in the German Southwest. New research on the history of Upper Austria, Stuttgart 2000.
  • Speck, Dieter: A Little History of the Front of Austria, Karlsruhe 2010.
  • Stintzi, Paul: The Habsburgs in Alsace, in: Friedrich Metz (Hrsg.): Vorderösterreich, Eine geschichtliche Landeskunde , 2nd edition Freiburg i. Br. 1967, 505-564.
  • Vogler, Bernard (Ed.): La Décapole. Dix villes d'Alsace alliées pour leurs libertés 1354–1679, Strasbourg 2009, with essays on all cities of the Ten-City League.
  • Zotz, Thomas: The Habsburgs, in: Matthias Puhle and Claus-Peter Hasse (eds.): Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation 962 to 1806. From Otto the Great to the outcome of the Middle Elder. Essays , Dresden 2006, 385–398.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ In the 18th century the family provided two prince-bishops from Basel and the French army with almost a complete officer corps, so that the traditional saying of Louis XIV to Madame de Maintenon at the presentation of a Reinach at least partially hits the heart of the matter: "Madame, voyez ici M. de Reinach, sa famille me fournit plus d'officers gentilshommes que toute la Basse-Bretagne, qui est pourtant une de mes grandes provinces "(Pelzer, Der Alsässische Adel, 63 f. (→ literature))
  2. ↑ See Pelzer, Der Alsässische Adel, 18 f. (→ literature)
  3. ↑ See Pelzer, Der Alsässische Adel, 235 ff. (→ Literature)
  4. ↑ The princes of Monaco still use the titles Duc de Mazarin, Comte de Ferrette, de Belfort, de Thann et de Rosemont, Baron d'Altkirch, Seigneur d'Issenheim .
  5. ↑ The Hattstatt were also part owners in Riegel from 1476 to 1491 and belonged to the knighthood of Breisgau .
  6. ^ Jean-Baptiste de Klinglin was praetor in Strasbourg. The Klinglin also belonged to the knighthood of Breisgau.
  7. ↑ The Counts of Schauenburg were part owners of Riegel, owned the lordships of Lichteneck , Kirchhofen and Neuershausen and belonged to the knighthood of Breisgau.
  8. ↑ The Rathsamhausen were part owners in Riegel and belonged to the knighthood of Breisgau.
  9. ↑ The Andlau were part owners in Riegel, owned the rule of Bellingen , Hugstetten and Buchheim and belonged to the knighthood of Breisgau. In the Breisgau branches emigrated to the French Revolution of Andlau-Homburg. Andlau-Birseck, who were expelled from the Principality of Basel, also came there.
  10. ↑ Seßlehen des Vogts von Ensisheim
  11. ↑ Seigneurie particulière du Bailli d'Ensisheim
  12. ^ Estonian rule of the town of Ensisheim
  13. ↑ Seigneurie particulière de la Ville d'Ensisheim
  14. ^ Fief of the Lords of Pfirt, at the beginning of the 14th century to Austria, as a fief to the Lords of Masmünster
  15. ↑ On connaissait Senozan pour ces moines templiers, mais pas pour ses comtesses. Et pourtant, deux des Dames de Senozan onté des figures marquantes de l'histoire locale. La plus illustrious fut Anne Nicole de Lamoignon de Malesherbes. Elle était fille de Guillaume de Lamoignon, chancelier de France du Roi Louis XV, et sœur de Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes, ministre d'Etat et avocat du roi Louis XVI. Elle devient comtesse de Senozan en 1735, par son mariage avec Jean Antoine Olivier de Senozan, président au parlement de Paris et conseiller du roi. Arrêtée en novembre 1793, elle est morte sous la guillotine du tribunal révolutionnaire, à 75 ans. Elle a accompagné à la mort, Elizabeth de Bourbon, sœur du roi Louis XVI. Sa petite-fille, Sabine Olivier de Senozan a connu le même sort. Fille d'Antoine François Olivier de Senozan, capitaine de cavalerie, et de Claude de Vienne, elle était l'épouse d'Archambaud de Talleyrand-Périgord , lieutenant général des Armées du Roi et frère de Talleyrand . Inculpée de conspiration par le tribunal du 8 thermidor an 2, elle est exécutée le 26 juillet 1794. (Journal de Saône-et-Loire, January 18, 2016)
  16. ↑ Gabriel de Talleyrand-Périgord (1726–1795), comte de Grignols et baron de Mareuil , grand d'Espagne, dernier gouverneur de Picardie , fut autorisé par le roi Louis XV à porter le titre de comte de Périgord à partir de 1768, après qu'a été reconnue la filiation de sa maison avec celle des anciens comtes de Périgord de la maison de Charroux-Talleyrand. Il était l'oncle du célèbre ministre du 1er Empire et de la Restauration: Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord (Wikipédia français, List of comtes de Périgord.).
  17. ↑ Aleyandre-Emmanuel de Cassagnes de Beaufort came from the Rouergue and was by King Louis XV. In 1768 he was raised to the rank of marquis by the possession of Pesteils in Auvergne , but he named himself after the family estate in the Rouergue de Miramon . (Pelzer, the Alsatian nobility, 101, → literature). In the Nobiliaire universel de France he is Marquis de Miramon, marquis de Pesteils et du Cayla, comte de Paulhac , baron de La Roque, Foulholes, Giou et Yolet, co-seigneur de la baronnie de Landser, de la Hart et de Huningue en Called Alsace . (Vol. XIV, Paris 1818, p. 229)
  18. ↑ Jean-Baptiste de Veynes came from the Dauphiné , where he owned the Seigneurie Bourg-lès-Valence . In 1694, King Louis XIV elevated Bourg-lès-Valence to marquisate, whereupon de Veyne named himself after this manorial rule (Pelzer, the Alsatian nobility, 100f., → literature).
  19. ↑ The Landenberg belonged to the knighthood of Breisgau.
  20. ↑ The Eptingen belonged to the knighthood of Breisgau.
  21. ↑ The Counts of Frohberg belonged to the knighthood of Breisgau.
  22. ↑ previously owned by the von Huse gentlemen
  23. ↑ previously owned by the von Huse gentlemen
  24. ↑ The Reinach owned the Munzingen rule and belonged to the Breisgau knighthood.
  25. ↑ 1694 final investiture
  26. ↑ Acquired by Reinach through marriage in 1483
  27. ↑ The Waldner of breisgauischen knights belonged to.
  28. ↑ In 1637 the imperial government withdrew all fiefs from the family because of Felonie . In 1639 Hanns Conrad von Flachslanden protested in vain to the French government against the award of Huningue to the Calvinist merchant from Lyon, Jean Henry d'Herwart (Pelzer, the Alsatian nobility, 19 f., → literature). In 1679 Louis XIV took over the fief and had the fortress Huningue built by Vauban. The population was relocated to the newly founded Village-Neuf.
  29. ↑ The Counts of Fugger owned numerous dominions in several lines in Swabian Austria : Kirchberg / Iller , Weißenhorn , Marstetten , Pfaffenhofen , Wullenstetten , Obenhausen , Untersulmetingen , Markt Biberbach , Wald , Urmarzhofen, Hausen and Stetten .
  30. ^ Castle of the lords of Berkheim, since the 14th century the lords of Huse, 1495 to von Thierstein, 1523 to the counts of Ortenburg.
  31. ↑ The lords of Pfirt were part owners in Riegel, owned the lords of Biengen with Krozingen , Falkensteig and Dietenbach and belonged to the knighthood of Breisgau. Branches of the Pfirt emigrated to Breisgau after the French Revolution.
  32. ↑ Carspach belonged to the barons of Pfirt-Carsbach, who owned two castles in the village.
  33. ↑ The Zu Rhein belonged to the knighthood of Breisgau.
  34. ↑ moated castle of the Lords of flat land , later Hadmannsdorf, 1538 Reinach.
  35. ↑ Castle of the Lords of Heidweiler, later of Mörsberg, then of Waldner, from 1486 of Reinach, who named themselves in a branch after Heidweiler.
  36. ↑ Castle of the Lords of Hirzbach, from 1538 the main palace of the Lords of Reinach, the place received by the Duke of Mazarin in 1728 in exchange for Brebotte and a share in Rosemont.
  37. ↑ possession of the Lords of flat land, later Hadmannsdorf, 1538 Reinach.
  38. ↑ Moated castle of the Lords von Hagenbach, Peter von Hagenbach was Burgundian Vogt and was executed in Breisach .
  39. ↑ The Schönau owned the dominions Wehr and Zell and belonged to the knighthood of Breisgau. Branches of Schönau emigrated to Breisgau after the French Revolution.
  40. ↑ St. Morand, Cluniac Priory since 1105 , was richly endowed by the Counts of Pfirt and the Habsburgs. St. Morandus became a house saint of the Habsburgs; Relics came to St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna , Archduke Friedrich gave the priory a silver relic bust. In 1626 the Habsburgs gave the priory to the Freiburg Jesuits.
  41. ↑ Habsburg exercised the bailiwick over Gottestal. Saint-Morand supervised the Cluniac Prorate of God Valley.
  42. ^ The Rechberg owned Elzach in Breisgau from 1459 - 1544.
  43. ↑ The Reich von Reichenstein owned the rule Inzlingen and belonged to the knighthood of Breisgau. Related to the barons of Rotberg, the barons of Reich von Reichenstein provided prince-bishops of Basel and were temporarily owners of the Meersburg on Lake Constance .
  44. ↑ The Flachslanden owned Neuershausen -Statzenturm and belonged to the knighthood of Breisgau.
  45. ^ Moated castle of the lords of Flachslanden.
  46. ↑ The Wessenberg owned the dominions Feldkirch and Dachswangen and belonged to the Breisgau knighthood. Humprecht von Wessenberg had been the governor of the Upper Austrian government in Freiburg since 1651. Ignaz Heinrich von Wessenberg was Vicar General of the Diocese of Constance after 1789 .
  47. ↑ Castle of the Lords of Eptingen.
  48. ↑ Castle of the Lords of Eptingen.
  49. ↑ Castle of the Lords of Eptingen.
  50. ↑ Castle of the Lords of Eptingen.
  51. ↑ The Rotberg owned the Bamlach rule and belonged to the Breisgau knighthood.
  52. ↑ Feldbach Monastery was founded in 1145 by Count Friedrich I. von Pfirt as a house monastery and burial place, in 1621 it came to the Jesuits of Ensisheim.
  53. ↑ An important Cistercian abbey , the first on the soil of the Holy Roman Empire, founded in 1123, greatly favored by the Habsburgs.
  54. ↑ Schweighausen was a fief of the Hack von Schweighausen, 1572 to the Lords of Waldner.
  55. ↑ Kingersheim and Wittenheim are closely related to the Schönensteinbach Monastery in their history. Kingersheim had a pilgrimage to St. Adelphus . The Andlau-Kingersheim line died out in 1783.
  56. ↑ Kingersheim and Wittenheim are closely related to the Schönensteinbach Monastery in their history. Wittenheim owned a castle, owned by the knights of Wittenheim, later by the lords of Huse. They gave it to the Habsburgs and received it back as a fief. As such, it came to the heirs of those von Huse, those of Andlau, who owned it up to the revolutionary times and named themselves in a line after Wittenheim.
  57. ↑ Michelbach was a fief of the Hack von Schweighausen, at the end of the 15th century of the Lords of Reinach.
  58. ↑ The Rinck von Baldenstein owned the rulership of Neuershausen -Statzenturm and belonged to the knighthood of Breisgau. Since the beginning of the 17th century, the second Neuershausen manorial rule emerged from a marriage connection, when in 1601 the manorial estate from Lichtenfels to the nobles of Flachslanden zu Dürmenach and Volmar zu Bischen, and from these to Hans Jakob Rinck von Baldenstein, Prince-Bishop of Basel's secret prince in 1619 Council, went. After the French Revolution, the Rinck, who had been expelled from the Principality of Basel, came to Neuershausen. In 1820 the second manor house in Neuershausen, the so-called Statzenturm, was registered as an ancestral property of the Rinck von Baldenstein family and was owned by the family in 1901.
  59. ^ Wittelsheim was a fiefdom of the Lords of Hagenbach. In 1756, the Basel bishop Joseph Wilhelm Rinck von Baldenstein tried to incorporate the vacant fiefdom into the episcopal chamber office, but the French government refused to do this. Finally the brother of the bishop, Luce-Xavier Rinck de Baldenstein was enfeoffed with Wittelsheim after naturalization - but as a vassal of the crown.
  60. ↑ Enschingen Cluniac Priory, united with Saint-Morand in 1477.
  61. ↑ Pledged in 1421 to Hans Volker von Sulzbach, who named themselves after Ingelsot, sold to Pankraz von Zschaffoy in 1530, and in 1583 to Theobald Mägerer, the Chancellor of Murbach Abbey .
  62. ↑ The Seigneurie was acquired through marriage in 1483.
  63. ^ François-Bernardin Noblat, born on May 20, 1714 in Belfort, died on June 17, 1792 in Sevenans, Seigneur de Sevenans, de Morvillars and other places, was a French lawyer, war commissioner, sub-delegate of the Intendance d'Alsace, Vogt and Provost (bailli et prévôt royal) of Belfort, royal councilor in the Conseil souverain d'Alsace. King Louis XV tasked him with establishing the new borders on the Rhine and with Switzerland; he created the «limite noblat» named after him as the new Rhine border.
  64. ^ François-Bernardin Noblat (1714–1792) founded the rule of Sevenans after swapping territory in 1768 with the Duchesse de Mazarin. The places Sevenans, Moval and Leupe belong to the rule. Noblat built a castle in Sevenans.
  65. ↑ The Klinglin belonged to the knighthood of Breisgau.
  66. ↑ Johann von Reinach zu Foussemagne and Rappach was Grand Prior of the Order of St. John in Heitersheim .
  67. ↑ Castle and town of Elikurt (Héricourt) were owned by Leopold III in 1396 . fell from Habsburg and were under Austrian rule until the end of the 15th century.
  68. ↑ The County of Hohenberg was one of the four counties of Swabian Austria and was pledged from 1488–1610 to the Counts of Zollern , from 1614–1675 to the Barons of Hohenberg, and from 1702–1763 to the Barons of Ulm for 411,000 guilders. Rottenburg was the administrative city for Hohenberg .
  69. ↑ The Counts of Stadion owned the lordships Emerkingen and Warthausen in Swabian Austria in two lines .
  70. ↑ In Strasbourg, the Place de Broglie commemorates his office in Alsace.
  71. ↑ The Sickingen owned the Wiesneck and Ebnet rule and belonged to the Breisgau knighthood. Ferdinand Hartmann von Sickingen was president of the knighthood around 1700. In 1763, Baron Ferdinand Sebastian von Sickingen led the title of Lord of Ebnet, Hohenburg , Orschweiler , Wiesneck and in the Black Forest, heir to the imperial rule of Landstuhl , co-ruler of Riegel and Littenweiler . Baron Ferdinand Sebastian von Sickingen-Hohenburg zu Ebnet (1714–1772) was the imperial and royal knighthood president and regimental councilor of Upper Austria.