Branišovice

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Branišovice
Branišovice coat of arms
Branišovice (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Brno-venkov
Area : 1106 ha
Geographic location : 48 ° 58 '  N , 16 ° 26'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 57 '46 "  N , 16 ° 25' 55"  E
Height: 194  m nm
Residents : 593 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 671 26
License plate : B.
traffic
Street: Pohořelice - Znojmo
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 1
administration
Mayor : Marek Sovka (as of 2020)
Address: Branišovice 57
671 77 Branišovice
Municipality number: 593834
Website : www.branisovice.cz
View of Branišovice and Vinohrádky
Church of Laurence
Branišovice Castle

Branišovice (German Frainspitz ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located 20 km north of the Czech-Austrian border near Laa an der Thaya and belongs to the okres Brno-venkov .

geography

The broad-street village Branišovice extends to the left of the Olbramovický creek in the Dyjskosvratecký úval ( Thaya-Schwarza valley basin ) in southern Moravia . North of the village is the Horní branišovický rybník pond, south of the Dolní branišovický rybník. The state road I / 53 runs between Pohořelice and Znojmo on the southern outskirts .

Neighboring towns are Kubšice and Šumice the north, Loděnice , Malešovice , Odrovice , Cvrčovice and Pohořelice ( Pohrlitz ) in the northeast, Velký Dvůr, Mariánský Dvůr Vilémov and Přibice the east, Nova Ves and Vlasatice the southeast, Troskotovice in the south, Trnové Pole ( Field of Thorns ) and Suchohrdly u Miroslavi in the south-west, Našiměřice ( Aschmeritz ) in the west and Bohutice , Babice and Lidměřice in the north-west.

history

The Ui dialect (Bavarian-Austrian) with its special Bavarian passwords indicates a settlement by Bavarian German tribes, especially in the 12/13. Century took place. The first written mention of the place came from the year 1222. At this time a Wolfram de Brannisuicz is mentioned, whose descendant later called himself Wofram de Vrenspicz . In the Liechtenstein documents from 1305 and 1310, the village belonging to the Premonstratensian monastery Sancta Mariae was referred to as Vrenspitz . Around 1327 Queen Elisabeth of Bohemia bought Frainspitz from the Premonstratensian monastery and donated the village and the parish to the royal monastery in Old Brno.

During the Reformation the place became Lutheran. During the Thirty Years War the place became deserted; the parish was abolished in 1630 and the village parish to Wolframitz . That is why the monastery promoted a new settlement of Frainspitz in 1670. Nevertheless there were only 5 houses in the village in 1673. Until it was deserted, the place was known for its viticulture. The abbess Justina Wagner had the dilapidated church repaired in 1673. All houses were inhabited again by 1749. Long before that, the place was again considered Catholic. The registers of the place have been kept since 1680 and are in the Brno Provincial Archives.

In 1782 the royal monastery was dissolved by Emperor Joseph II , and the 455 year rule of the monastery over Frainspitz came to an end. A year earlier, serfdom was lifted and a new settlement was established near the village. This was named Weinberg and became a part of the municipality of Frainspitz. The Kaiserstraße from Znojmo to Brno ran through the village, which gave the place additional economic importance. After that, the place was administered until 1807 by the Religionsfonds , which founded a locality in Frainspitz in 1784. In 1800 the church was renovated; the cost of 2,645 guilders was shared between benefactors and the religious fund. On October 8, 1807, the guardianship of the underage Prince Karl von Liechtenstein auctioned the Frainspitz estate for 240,000 guilders and attached it to the small majority of the House of Liechtenstein ( Kromau lordship ). In 1831 the residents of Frainspitz suffered from cholera, which claimed 56 victims in the village.

In 1835 , Gut Frainspitz , located in the Znojmo district , comprised the villages of Frainspitz, Jezeram and Weinberg, as well as a portion of Lidmeritz with a total of 1115 Catholic inhabitants. The village of Frainspitz or Frainšpice consisted of 60 houses in which 379 people lived. The premises, the Laurenzikirche and the school were under the patronage of the manor. There was also a stately castle in the village, which served as the residence of an economic clerk, a Meierhof and an inn on Poststrasse. Frainspitz was the parish for Weinberg. Until the middle of the 19th century, Frainspitz remained subject to the Fideikommiss-Primogeniturherrschaft Moravian-Krummau .

During the revolution of 1848/49 , Emperor Ferdinand I fled Vienna to Moravia. On his escape, he rested in Frainspitz Castle. A year later, cholera raged again in the village and claimed the lives of 30 Frainspitzers. After the abolition of patrimonial formed Frainspitz / Frainspic 1849 together with Weinberg / Vinohrad the community Frainspitz vineyard in court Moravia Kromau . From 1869 the village belonged to the Moravian Kromau district . Frainspitz was known for its chamomile harvest until 1880. The Frainspitzer chamomile was sold in Vienna and Budapest. In 1889 a volunteer fire brigade was founded in the village. At the end of the 19th century were Frainspice and Frainšpice , since the turn of the century Branišovice used as a Czech place names. Most of the Frainspitzer lived from agriculture, whereby the otherwise important viticulture in South Moravia played no role. In addition to the usual small business, there was also a Raiffeisenkassa in Frainspitz. In 1901 the community was assigned to the judicial district Pohrlitz and the district Nikolsburg . With the death of Rudolf von Liechtenstein in 1908, the Charles line of the House of Liechtenstein expired; The Kinsky counts became heirs to the large estates .

After the First World War and the Treaty of Saint-Germain in 1919, the place, 93% of which was inhabited by German South Moravians in 1910 , became part of the new Czechoslovak Republic . As a result of the filling of civil servants and settlers, there was an increased influx of people of Czech nationality in the interwar period . The place was electrified in 1924. In Frainspitz there was a bus stop for the Znojmo - Brno bus line. After the Munich Agreement , the place was added to the German Reich in 1938 and belonged to the Nikolsburg district in the Reichsgau Niederdonau until 1945 .

After the end of the Second World War , which claimed 54 victims among the Frainspitzers, the community came back to Czechoslovakia on May 8, 1945. Before the onset of post-war excesses by militant Czechs fled many Deutschsüdmährer or were crossing the border into Austria driven . This resulted in two civilian deaths. Between March and October 1946, 226 local residents were forcibly evacuated to Germany via Nikolsburg . Two people remained in the place. The property of the German local residents was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 and the Catholic Church was expropriated during the communist era . In 1948 Branišovice was assigned to the Okres Moravský Krumlov. In the course of the territorial reform and the repeal of the Okres Moravský Krumlov, the community came to Okres Znojmo on July 1, 1960 , at the same time Vinohrádky lost the status of a district. Since 2001 the community has had a coat of arms and a banner. On January 1, 2007, the municipality moved to the Okres Brno-venkov .

Coat of arms and seal

The oldest known seal showed a shield within the inscription "Sigil.Pagi.Frainspitz.1675". In it, on a boggy ground, stood a water bird between two grapes. The seal remained largely the same until 1848. Later only a non-image parish stamp was used.

The Weinberg district also had a seal. In a wreath of leaves it showed a wine knife next to a bunch of grapes.

Community structure

The community Branišovice consists of the localities Branišovice ( Frainspitz ) and Vinohrádky ( vineyard ).

Population development

census Total population Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year German Czechs Other
1880 814 786 26th 2
1890 830 793 33 4th
1900 798 733 64 1
1910 852 795 43 14th
1921 873 725 142 6th
1930 861 665 190 6th

Attractions

  • Parish church of St. Laurentius (1329) has a Romanesque core. The nave dates from 1673, the church was rebuilt around 1800. Chapel with St. Grave (1911).
  • Statue of St. John
  • Count Kinsky's castle
  • War memorial (1923)

Sons and daughters of the church

literature

  • Inventory. Labeling of the church, the benefit and the local building at Frainspitz. 1807.
  • Cyrill Klein: home book of the community Frainspitz-Weinberg.
  • Wilhelm Szegeda: Local history reading book of the Nikolsburg school district. 1935. Approved teaching aid, Verlag Lehrerverein Pohrlitz, p. 125.
  • Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia. Geislingen / Steige 1984, OCLC 312738537 .

swell

  • Gregor Wolny : The Margraviate of Moravia topographically, statistically and historically. Volumes I – VI, Brno 1835–1842.
  • Johann Zabel: Church guide for South Moravia. Vicariate General Nikolsburg, 1941, p. 41.
  • Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0 , p. 9f.
  • Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X , p. 57f.
  • Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3, C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 243.
  • Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from A to Z. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 2006, p. 79f.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/593834/Branisovice
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia. 1989, p. 9.
  4. ↑ C. Klein: Heimatbuch der Gemeinde Frainspitz-Weinberg. P. 147.
  5. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved March 10, 2011.
  6. ^ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris regni Bohemiae. Volume II, p. 234.
  7. ^ Gregor Wolny : The Margraviate of Moravia. 1837, p. 312.
  8. ^ Gregor Wolny : The Margraviate of Moravia, presented topographically, statistically and historically . Volume III: Znojmo District, Brno 1837, p. 352
  9. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989. Amalthea Verlag, Vienna / Munich 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X .
  10. ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans 1918–1938. Munich 1967.
  11. ^ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from AZ. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige, 2006, Book of the Dead p. 216.
  12. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 243 (Frainspitz).
  13. ↑ Archive Mikulov, Odsun Němců - transport odeslaný dne 20. května, 1946th
  14. ↑ Ludislava Šuláková: The problem of the deportation of Germans in the files of the Municipal People's Committee (MNV) and the District People's Committee (ONV) Nikolsburg. Translated by Wilhelm Jun. In: Südmährisches Jahrbuch 2001. S. 45f, ISSN  0562-5262
  15. ↑ Cornelia Znoy: The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans to Austria in 1945/46. Diploma thesis for obtaining the master’s degree in philosophy. Humanities Faculty of the University of Vienna, 1995.
  16. ↑ http://www.branisovice.cz/obecni-znak/ms-17934/p1=17934
  17. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae. Volume V, p. 34.
  18. ^ Jindřich Schulz, Miloš Trapl: Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848-1960. Volume 9: Okresy: Znojmo, Moravský Krumlov, Hustopeče, Mikulov. Ostrava 1984, OCLC 39583589 .
  19. ^ Georg Dehio, Karl Ginhart: Handbook of German art monuments in the Ostmark. Anton Schroll & Co, 1941, p. 205.
  20. ^ Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. 1990, p. 9.