List of Heads of State 1985

Overview
◄◄ | ◄ | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | List of Heads of State 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | ► | ►►
Other events

Africa

Egypt
- Head of State: President Husni Mubarak (1981–2011) (1981–1982 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Kamal Hasan Ali (1984–4 September 1985)
  - Prime Minister Ali Lutfi (September 4, 1985–1986)

Algeria
- Head of State: President Chadli Bendjedid (1979–1992)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdelhamid Brahimi (1984–1988)

Angola
- Head of State and Government: President José Eduardo dos Santos (1979–2017)

Equatorial Guinea

Head of State: President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (since 1979) (until 1982 Chairman of the Supreme Military Council)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Cristino Seriche Malabo Bioko (1982–1992)

Ethiopia
- Head of State and Government: Chairman of the Provisional Military Administrative Council Mengistu Haile Mariam ( 1974 , 1977–1991) (President from 1987)

Benin
- Head of State and Government: President Mathieu Kérékou (1972–1991, 1996–2006 )

Botswana
- Head of State or Government: President Quett Masire (1980–1998)

Burkina Faso
- Head of State and Government: Chairman of the National Revolutionary Council Thomas Sankara (1983–1987) (1983 Prime Minister)

Burundi
- Head of State and Government: President Jean-Baptiste Bagaza (1976–1987)

Djibouti
- Head of State: President Hassan Gouled Aptidon (1977–1999) (1977 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Barkat Gourad Hamadou (1978-2001)

Ivory Coast
- Head of State and Government: President Félix Houphouët-Boigny (1960–1993)

Gabon
- Head of State: President Omar Bongo (1967–2009)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Léon Mébiame (1975–1990)

Gambia
- Head of State and Government: President Dawda Jawara (1970–1994) (Prime Minister 1965–1970)

Ghana
- Head of State and Government: Chairman of the Provisional National Defense Council Jerry Rawlings ( 1979 , 1981–2001) (from 1993 President)

Guinea
- Head of State and Government: President Lansana Conté (1984–2008)

Guinea-Bissau
- Head of State and Government: President João Bernardo Vieira ( 1980–1984 , 1984–1999, 2005–2009 ) (1978–1980 Prime Minister)

Cameroon
- Head of State or Government: President Paul Biya (since 1982)

Cape Verde
- Head of State: President Aristides Pereira (1975–1991)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Pedro Pires (1975–1991) (2001–2011 President)

Kenya
- Head of State and Government: President Daniel Arap Moi (1978–2002)

Comoros
- Head of State and Government: Chairman of the Military-Political Directorate Ahmed Abdallah ( 1975 , 1978–1989)

People's Republic of the Congo (1960–1970 Congo-Brazzaville ; from 1992 Republic of the Congo )
- Head of State: President Denis Sassou-Nguesso (1979–1992, since 1997)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ange Édouard Poungui (1984–1989)

Lesotho
- Head of State: King Moshoeshoe II ( 1966–1970 , 1970–1990, 1995–1996 )
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Leabua Jonathan (1966–1986) (1970 Head of State)

Liberia
- Head of State and Government: President Samuel K. Doe (1980–1990) (until 1984 Chairman of the People's Redemption Council)

Libya
- Revolutionary leader: Muammar al-Gaddafi (1969–2011) (1969–1979 General Secretary of the General People's Congress)
- Head of State: General Secretary of the General People's Congress Miftah al-Usta Umar (1984–1990)
- Head of Government: General Secretary of the General People's Committee Muhammad az-Zaruq Rajab (1984–1986) (1981–1984 General Secretary of the General People's Congress)

Madagascar

Head of State: President Didier Ratsiraka (1975–1993, 1997–2002 )

Head of Government: Prime Minister Désiré Rakotoarijaona (1977–1988)

Malawi
- Head of State and Government: President Hastings Kamuzu Banda (1966–1994) (Prime Minister 1964–1966)

Mali
- Head of State and Government: President Moussa Traoré (1968–1991)

Morocco
- Head of State: King Hassan II (1961–1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mohammed Karim Lamrani ( 9171–1972 , 1983–1986, 1992–1994 )

Mauritania

Head of State: President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya (1984–2005) (1981–1984, Prime Minister 1984–1992)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya ( 1981–1984 , 1984–1992) (1984–2005 President)

Mauritius

Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (1968–1992)
Governor General:

Seewoosagur Ramgoolam (1983–15 December 1985) (Prime Minister 1968–1982)

Cassam Moollan (December 15, 1985–1986) (acting)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Anerood Jugnauth (1982–1995, 2000–2003, 2014–2017 ) (2003–2012 President)

Mozambique

Head of State: President Samora Machel (1975–1986)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Mário Fernandes da Graça Machungo (1976–1994)

Niger

Head of State: President of the Supreme Military Council Seyni Kountché (1974–1987)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Hamid Algabid (1983–1988)

Nigeria
- Head of State and Government:
  - Chairman of the Supreme Military Council Muhammadu Buhari (1983-27 August 1985, since 2015 )
  - President of the Governing Council of the Armed Forces Ibrahim Babangida (August 27, 1985–1993)

Rwanda
- Head of State and Government: President Juvénal Habyarimana (1973–1994)

Zambia
- Head of State: President Kenneth Kaunda (1964–1991)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Nalumino Mundia (1981–24 April 1985)
  - Prime Minister Kebby Musokotwane (April 24, 1985–1989)

Sao Tome and Principe
- Head of State and Government: President Manuel Pinto da Costa (1975–1991, 2011–2016 )

Senegal
- Head of State and Government: President Abdou Diouf (1981–2000) (1970–1980 Prime Minister)

Seychelles
- Head of State and Government: President France-Albert René (1977–2004) (1976–1977 Prime Minister)

Sierra Leone
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Siaka Stevens (1971–28 November 1985) (1967, Prime Minister 1968–1971)
  - President Joseph Saidu Momoh (Nov. 28, 1985–1992)

Zimbabwe
- Head of State: President Canaan Banana (1980–1987)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Robert Mugabe (1980–1987) (President 1987–2017)

Somalia
- Head of State and Government: President Siad Barre (1969–1991)

South Africa
- Head of State and Government: President Pieter Willem Botha (1984–1989) (1978–1984 Prime Minister)

Sudan
- Head of State:
  - President Jafar an-Numairi ( 1969–1971 , 1971–6 April 1985) (1969–1976, 1977–1985 Prime Minister)
  - Chairman of the Military Transitional Council, Abd ar-Rahman Swar ad-Dahab (April 6, 1985–1986)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Jafar an-Numairi ( 1969–1976 , 1977–6 April 1985) (1969–1971, 1971–1985 President)
  - Prime Minister al-Jazuli Dafallah (April 6, 1985–1986)

Swaziland

Head of State: Regent Ntombi (1983–1986)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Bhekimpi Dlamini (1983–1986)

Tanzania
- Head of State:
  - President Julius Nyerere (1962–5 November 1985) (1961–1962 Prime Minister)
  - President Ali Hassan Mwinyi (November 5, 1985–1995)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Salim Ahmed Salim (1984–5 November 1985)
  - Prime Minister Joseph Sinde Warioba (November 5, 1985–1990)

Togo
- Head of State and Government: President Gnassingbé Eyadéma (1967–2005)

Chad
- Head of State and Government: President Hissène Habré (1982–1990) (1978–1979 Prime Minister)

Tunisia
- Head of State: President Habib Bourguiba (1957–1987)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mohamed Mzali (1980–1986)

Uganda
- Head of State:
  - President Milton Obote ( 1966–1971 , 1980–27 July 1985) (Prime Minister 1962–1966)
  - Chairman of the Military Council Bazilio Olara Okello (July 27, 1985– July 29, 1985)
  - Chairman of the Military Council Tito Okello (July 29, 1985–1986)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Otema Allimadi (1980–27 July 1985)
  - Prime Minister Paulo Muwanga (August 1, 1985– August 25, 1985) (1980 President)
  - Prime Minister Abraham Waligo (August 25, 1985–1986)

Western Sahara (controversial)
- Head of State: President Mohamed Abdelaziz (1976-2016) (in exile)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mahfoud Ali Beiba (1982–18 December 1985, 1988–1993, 1995–1999 ) (in exile)
  - Prime Minister Mohamed Lamine Ould Ahmed ( 1976–1982 , December 18, 1985–1988) (in exile)

Zaïre (until 1964 Congo-Léopoldville , 1964–1971, since 1997 Democratic Republic of the Congo )
- Head of State: President Mobutu Sese Seko (1965–1997)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kengo Wa Dondo (1982–1986, 1988–1990, 1994–1997 )

Central African Republic
- Head of State and Government: President André Kolingba (1981–1993) (until September 21, 1985 Chairman of the Military Committee for National Reconstruction)

America

North America

Canada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : Jeanne Sauvé (1984–1990)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Brian Mulroney (1984–1993)

Mexico
- Head of State and Government: President Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado (1982–1988)

United States of America
- Head of State or Government: President Ronald Reagan (1981–1989)

Central America

Antigua and Barbuda
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
  - Governor General Wilfred E. Jacobs (1981–1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Vere Cornwall Bird (1981–1994)

Bahamas
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1973)
  - Governor General : Gerald Cash (1979–1988)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lynden O. Pindling (1973–1992)

Barbados
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1966)
  - Governor General : Hugh Springer (1984–1990)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister John Michael G. Adams (1976–11 March 1985)
  - Prime Minister Harold Bernard St. John (March 11, 1985–1986)

Belize
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
  - Governor General : Minita Gordon (1981–1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Manuel Esquivel (1984–1989, 1993–1998 )

Costa Rica
- Head of State and Government: President Luis Alberto Monge Álvarez (1982–1986)

Dominica
- Head of State: President Clarence A. Seignoret (1983–1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Eugenia Charles (1980–1995)

Dominican Republic
- Head of State and Government: President Salvador Jorge Blanco (1982–1986)

El Salvador
- Head of State and Government: President José Napoleón Duarte (1984–1989)

Grenada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
  - Governor General : Paul Scoon (1978–1992)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Herbert Blaize (1984–1989)

Guatemala
- Head of State and Government: President Óscar Humberto Mejía Víctores (1983–1986)

Haiti
- Head of State and Government: President Jean-Claude Duvalier (1971–1986)

Honduras
- Head of State and Government: President Roberto Suazo Córdova (1982–1986)

Jamaica
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1962)
  - Governor General : Florizel Glasspole (1973–1991)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Edward Seaga (1980–1989)

Cuba
Head of State and Head of Government: President of the Council of State and the Council of Ministers Fidel Castro (1976-2008) (1959-1976 Prime Minister)

Nicaragua
- Head of State and Government:
  - Government junta of national reconstruction :
    - Daniel Ortega (1979–10 January 1985) (1985–1990, President since 2007)
    - Sergio Ramírez (1979-10 January 1985)
    - Rafael Córdova Rivas (1980-10 January 1985)
  - President Daniel Ortega (January 10, 1985–1990, since 2007 ) (1979–2005 member of the Government Junta for National Reconstruction)

Panama
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Nicolás Ardito Barletta Vallarino (1984–28 September 1985)
  - President Erick Arturo del Valle (September 28, 1985–1988)

St. Kitts and Nevis
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1983)
  - Governor General Clement Athelston Arrindell (1983–1995)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kennedy Simmonds (1983–1995)

St. Lucia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
  - Governor General : Allen Montgomery Lewis (1982–1987)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister John Compton (1982–1996, 2006–2007 )

St. Vincent and the Grenadines
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
  - Governor General :
    - Sydney Gun-Munro (1979–28 February 1985)
    - Joseph Lambert Eustace (February 28, 1985–1988)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister James Fitz-Allen Mitchell (1984–2000)

Trinidad and Tobago
- Head of State: President Ellis Clarke (1976–1987) (1972–1976 Governor General)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister George Chambers (1981–1986)

South America

Argentina
- Head of State and Government: President Raúl Alfonsín (1983–1989)

Bolivia
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Hernán Siles Zuazo ( 1952, 1956–1960 , 1982– August 5, 1985)
  - President Víctor Paz Estenssoro ( 1952–1956, 1960–1964 , Aug. 5, 1985–1989)

Brazil
- Head of State and Government:
  - President João Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo (1979–15 March 1985)
  - President José Sarney (March 15, 1985–1990) (Acting March 15, 1985– April 22, 1985)

Chile
- Head of State and Government: President Augusto Pinochet (1974–1990)

Ecuador
- Head of State and Government: President León Febres Cordero (1984–1988)

Guyana
- Head of State:
  - President Forbes Burnham (1980–6 August 1985) (Prime Minister 1966–1980)
  - President Hugh Desmond Hoyte (August 6, 1985–1992) (Prime Minister 1984–1985)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Hugh Desmond Hoyte (1984–9 August 1985) (1985–1992 President)
  - Prime Minister Hamilton Green (August 6, 1985-1992)

Colombia
- Head of State and Government: President Belisario Betancur (1982–1986)

Paraguay
- Head of State and Government: President Alfredo Stroessner (1954–1989)

Peru
- Head of State:
  - President Fernando Belaúnde Terry ( 1963–1968 , 1980– July 28, 1985)
  - President Alan García (July 28, 1985–1990, 2006–2011 )
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Luis Pércovich (1984–28 July 1985)
  - Prime Minister Luis Alva Castro (July 28, 1985–1987)

Suriname
- Head of State: President Ramdat Misier (1982–1988)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Willem Frederik Udenhout (1984–1986)

Uruguay
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Gregorio Álvarez (1981–12 February 1985)
  - President Rafael Addiego Bruno (February 12, 1985– March 1, 1985)
  - President Julio María Sanguinetti (March 1, 1985–1990, 1995–2000 )

Venezuela
- Head of State and Government: President Jaime Lusinchi (1984–1989)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

Bangladesh
- Head of State: President Hossain Mohammad Ershad ( 1982 , 1983–1990)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ataur Rahman Khan (1984–1986)

Bhutan
- Head of State and Government: King Jigme Singye Wangchuck (1972-2006)

Brunei
- Head of State and Government: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (since 1967)

Burma (now Myanmar )
- Head of State: President San Yu (1981–1988)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Maung Maung Kha (1977–1988)

Republic of China (Taiwan)
- Head of State: President Chiang Ching-kuo (1978–1988) (1972–1978 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Yu Kuo-hwa (1984–1989)

China
- Party leader: General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Hu Yaobang (1980–1987) (1981–1982 chairman of the CCP)
- Head of State: President Li Xiannian (1983–1988)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Zhao Ziyang (1980–1987) (1987–1989 General Secretary of the CCP)

India
- Head of State: President Giani Zail Singh (1982–1987)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi (1984–1989)

Indonesia
- Head of State and Government: President Suharto (1967–1998)

Japan
- Head of State: Emperor Hirohito (1926–1989)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone (1982–1987)

Cambodia
- Head of State: Chairman of the State Council Heng Samrin (1979–1992) (until 1981 President of the Revolutionary People's Council)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hun Sen (since January 14, 1985)

North Korea
- Chairman of the National Defense Commission : Kim Il-sung (1948–1994)
- Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly : Kim Il-sung (1972–1994)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kang Song-san (1984–1986, 1992–1997 )

South Korea
- Head of State: President Chun Doo-hwan (1980–1988)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Jin Ui-jong (1983-19 February 1985)
  - Prime Minister Sin Byeong-hyeon (1984-19 February 1985) (Acting)
  - Prime Minister Roh Shin-yeong (February 19, 1985–1987)

Laos

Head of State: President Souphanouvong (1975–1991)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Kaysone Phomvihane (1975–1991) (1991–1992 President)

Malaysia
- Head of State: Supreme Ruler Mahmud Iskandar Al-Haj (1984–1989)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mahathir bin Mohamad (1981–2003, 2018–2020 )

Maldives
- Head of State or Government: President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom (1978–2008)

Nepal
- Head of State: King Birendra (1972-2001)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lokendra Bahadur Chand (1983–1986, 1990–1997 )

Pakistan
- Head of State: President Mohammed Zia-ul-Haq (1978–1988) (1988 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Muhammad Khan Junejo (March 24, 1985–1988) (newly created office)

Philippines
- Head of State and Government: President Ferdinand Marcos (1965–1986)

Singapore

Head of State:

President Devan Nair (1981–27 March 1985)

Chief Justice Wee Chong Jin (March 27, 1985– March 29, 1985)

Speaker of Parliament Yeoh Ghim Seng ( 1970–1971, 1981 , March 29, 1985– September 3 , 1985) (acting)

President Wee Kim Wee (September 3, 1985–1993)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew (1959–1990)

Sri Lanka
- Head of State: President Junius Richard Jayewardene (1978–1989) (Prime Minister 1977–1978)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ranasinghe Premadasa (1978–1989)

Thailand
- Head of State: King Rama IX. Bhumibol Adulyadej (1946-2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Prem Tinsulanonda (1980–1988)

Vietnam
- Head of State: Chairman of the Trường Chinh State Council (1981–1987)

Middle East

Bahrain
- Head of State: Emir Isa II. (1971–1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa (since 1971)

Iraq
- Head of State and Government: President Saddam Hussein (1979-2003)

Iran
- Religious head: Supreme legal scholar Ruhollah Khomeini (1980–1989)
- Head of State: President Ali Chamene'i (1981–1989) (since 1989 chief legal scholar)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mir Hossein Mousavi (1981–1989)

Israel
- Head of State: President Chaim Herzog (1983–1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Shimon Peres ( 1977 , 1984–1986, 1995–1996 ) (2007–2014 President)

North Yemen
- Head of State: President Ali Abdullah Salih (1978–1990) (1990–2012 President of Yemen)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abd al-Aziz Abd al-Ghani ( 1975–1980 , 1983–1990) (1994–1997 Prime Minister of Yemen)

South Yemen
- Head of State: Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Council Ali Nasir Muhammad ( 1978 , 1980–1986) (Prime Minister 1971–1985)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ali Nasir Muhammad (1971–14 February 1985) (1978, 1980–1986 President)
  - Prime Minister Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas (February 14, 1985–1986) (Chairman of the Presidency Council 1986–1990; Prime Minister of Yemen 1990–1994)

Jordan
- Head of State: King Hussein (1952–1999)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ahmad al-Ubaydat (1984–4 April 1985)
  - Prime Minister Zaid ar-Rifaʿi ( 1973–1976 , April 4, 1985–1989)

Qatar
- Head of State and Government: Emir Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani (1972–1995)

Kuwait

Head of State: Emir Jabir III. (1977–1990)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Sa'ad al-Abdallah as-Salim as-Sabah (1978-2003) (2006 Emir)

Lebanon
- Head of State: President Amin Gemayel (1982–1988)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Rashid Karami ( 1955–1956, 1958–1960, 1961–1964, 1965–1966, 1966–1968, 1969–1970, 1975–1976 , 1984–1987)

Oman
- Head of State and Government: Sultan Qaboos ibn Said (1970–2020)

Saudi Arabia
- Head of State and Government: King Fahd ibn Abd al-Aziz (1982-2005)

Syria

Head of State: President Hafiz al-Assad (1971–2000) (1970–1971 Prime Minister)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdul Rauf al-Kasm (1980–1987)

Turkey
- Head of State: President Kenan Evren (1980–1989)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Turgut Özal (1983–1989) (1989–1993 President)

United Arab Emirates
- Head of State: President Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan (1971-2004)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sheikh Raschid bin Said Al Maktum (1979–1990)

Central Asia

Afghanistan

Head of State: President of the Revolutionary Council Babrak Karmal (1979–1986)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Sultan Ali Keschtmand (1981–1988, 1989–1990 )

Mongolia
- Head of State: Chairman of the Great People's Chural Dschambyn Batmönch (1984–1990) (1974–1984 Chairman of the Council of Ministers)
- Head of Government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers Dumaagiin Sodnom (1984–1990)

Australia and Oceania

Australia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : Ninian Stephen (1982-1989)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Bob Hawke (1983–1991)

Cook Islands (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1965)
  - Queen's Representative: Tangaroa Tangaroa (1984–1990)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Tom Davis ( 1978–1983 , 1983–1987)

Fiji
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (1970–1987)
  - Governor General: Penaia Ganilau (1983–1987) (1987–1993 President)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kamisese Mara (1970–1987, 1987–1992 ) (1993–2000 President)

Kiribati
- Head of State or Government: President Ieremia Tabai ( 1979–1982 , 1983–1991)

Nauru
- Head of State and Government: President Hammer DeRoburt ( 1968–1976 , 1978–1986, 1986, 1986–1989 )

New Zealand
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General :
    - David Beattie (1980–2 November 1985)
    - Paul Reeves (November 2, 1985–1990)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister David Lange (1984–1989)

Niue (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
  - Queen's Representative: Governor General of New Zealand
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Robert Rex (1974–1992)

Papua New Guinea
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1975)
  - Governor General : Kingsford Dibela (1983–1989)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Michael Somare ( 1975–1980 , 1982–21 November 1985, 2002–2011 )
  - Prime Minister Paias Wingti (November 21, 1985–1988, 1992–1994 )

Solomon Islands
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
  - Governor General : Baddeley Devesi (1978–1988)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Peter Kenilorea ( 1978–1981 , 1984–1986)

Tonga
- Head of State: King Taufaʻahau Tupou IV. (1970-2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Fatafehi Tu'ipelehake (1970–1991)

Tuvalu
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
  - Governor General : Fiatao Penitala Teo (1978–1986)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Tomasi Puapua (1981–1989)

Vanuatu
- Head of State: President Ati George Sokomanu ( 1980–1984 , 1984–1989)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Walter Hadye Lini (1980–1991)

Western Samoa (today Samoa )
- Head of State: O le Ao o le Malo Tanumafili II. (1962-2007)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Tofilau Eti Alesana (1982–30 December 1985, 1988–1998 )
  - Prime Minister Va'ai Kolone ( 1982 , December 30, 1985–1988)

Europe

Albania
- Party leader:
  - 1st Secretary of the Albanian Workers' Party Enver Hoxha (1948–11 April 1985) (1946–1954 Prime Minister)
  - 1st Secretary of the Albanian Workers' Party Ramiz Alia (April 13, 1985–1991) (Head of State 1982–1992)
- Head of State: Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly Ramiz Alia (1982–1992) (1991–1992 President) (1985–1991 party leader)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Adil Çarçani (1981–1991)

Andorra
- Co-princes :
  - President of France : François Mitterrand (1981–1995)
  - Bishop of Urgell : Joan Martí Alanís (1971-2003)
- Head of Government: District President Josep Pintat-Solans (1984–1990)

Belgium
- Head of State: King Baudouin I (1951–1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Wilfried Martens ( 1979–1981 , 1981–1992)

Bulgaria
- Party leader: General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party Todor Zhivkov (1954–1989) (1971–1989 Chairman of the Council of State) (1962–1971 Chairman of the Council of Ministers)
- Head of State: Chairman of the Council of State Todor Zhivkow (1971–1989) (1954–1989 party leader) (1962–1971 Chairman of the Council of Ministers)
- Head of Government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers Grischa Filipow (1981–1986)

Denmark
- Head of State: Queen Margrethe II (since 1972)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Poul Schlüter (1982–1993)
- Faroe Islands (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
  - Representative of the Danish government: Reichsombudsmann Niels Bentsen (1981–1988)
  - Head of Government:
    - Prime Minister Pauli Ellefsen (1981–10 January 1985)
    - Prime Minister Atli P. Dam ( 1970–1981 , January 10, 1985–1989, 1991–1993 )
- Greenland (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
  - Representative of the Danish government: Reichsombudsmann Torben Hede Pedersen (1979–1992)
  - Head of Government: Prime Minister Jonathan Motzfeldt (1979–1991, 1997–2002 )

Federal Republic of Germany
- Head of State: Federal President Richard von Weizsäcker (1984–1994)
- Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Helmut Kohl (1982–1998)

German Democratic Republic
- Party leader: General Secretary of the Central Committee of the SED Erich Honecker (1971–1989) (1976–1989 Chairman of the State Council)
- Head of State: Chairman of the Council of State Erich Honecker (1976–1989) (1971–1989 party leader)
- Head of Government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers Willi Stoph ( 1964–1973 , 1976–1989) (1973–1976 Chairman of the State Council)

Finland
- Head of State: President Mauno Koivisto (1982–1994) (1968–1970, 1979–1982 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kalevi Sorsa ( 1972–1975, 1977–1979 , 1982–1987)

France
- Head of State: President François Mitterrand (1981–1995)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Laurent Fabius (1984–1986)

Greece
- Head of State:
  - President Konstantinos Karamanlis (1980–1985, 1990–1995 ) (1955–1958, 1958–1961, 1961–1963, 1974–1980 Prime Minister)
  - Speaker of Parliament Ioannis Alevras (March 10, 1985– March 29, 1985) (acting)
  - President Christos Sartzetakis (March 30, 1985–1990)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou (1981–1989, 1993–1996 )

Ireland
- Head of State: President Patrick Hillery (1976–1990)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Garret FitzGerald ( 1981–1982 , 1982–1987)

Iceland
- Head of State: President Vigdís Finnbogadóttir (1980–1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Steingrímur Hermannsson (1983–1987, 1988–1991 )

Italy
- Head of State:
  - President Sandro Pertini (1978-29 June 1985)
  - President Francesco Cossiga (June 29, 1985–1992) (acting until July 3) (Prime Minister 1979–1980)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Bettino Craxi (1983–1987)

Yugoslavia

Head of State:

Chairman of the Presidium Veselin Đuranović (1984–15 May 1985) (1977–1982 Head of Government)

Chairman of the Presidium Radovan Vlajković (May 15, 1985–1986)

Head of Government: President of the executive Federal Council Milka Planinc (1982–1986)

Channel Islands
- guernsey
  - Head of State and Government: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
    - Deputy Governor:
      - Peter de Lacey Le Cheminant (1980–1985)
      - Alexander Boswell (1985-1990)
- jersey
  - Head of State and Government: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
    - Lieutenant Governor: William Pillar (1985–1990)

Liechtenstein
- Head of State: Prince Franz Josef II. (1938–1989)
- Head of Government : Hans Brunhart (1978–1993)

Luxembourg
- Head of State: Grand Duke Jean (1964–2000)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jacques Santer (1984–1995)

Malta

Head of State: President Agatha Barbara (1982–1987)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Carmelo Mifsud Bonnici (1984–1987)

Isle of Man
- Head of State: Lord of Man Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Lieutenant Governor :
    - Oswald Nigel Cecil (1980–1985)
    - Laurence New (1985-1990)
- Head of Government:
  - Chairman of the Executive Council Percy Radcliffe ( 1971–1977 , 1981–1985)
  - Chairman of the Executive Council Edgar Mann (1985–1986)

Monaco
- Head of State: Prince : Rainier III. (1949-2005)
- Head of Government:
  - Minister of State Jean Herly (1981–16 September 1985)
  - Minister of State Jean Ausseil (September 16, 1985–1991)

Netherlands
- Head of State: Queen Beatrix (1980-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ruud Lubbers (1982–1994)

Norway
- Head of State: King Olav V (1957–1991)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kåre Willoch (1981–1986)

Austria
- Head of State: Federal President Rudolf Kirchschläger (1974–1986)
- Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Fred Sinowatz (1983–1986)

Poland
- Party leader: 1st Secretary Wojciech Jaruzelski (1981–1989) (1985–1990 Head of State) (1981–1985 Prime Minister)
- Head of State:
  - State Council Chairman Henryk Jabłoński (1972–6 November 1985)
  - State Council Chairman Wojciech Jaruzelski (November 6, 1985–1990) (1981–1990 party leader), (1981–1985 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Wojciech Jaruzelski (1981–6 November 1985) (1981–1989 party leader) (1985–1990 head of state)
  - Prime Minister Zbigniew Messner (November 6, 1985–1988)

Portugal
- Head of State: President Ramalho Eanes (1976–1986)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mário Soares ( 1976–1978 , 1983–6 November 1985) (1986–1996 President)
  - Prime Minister Aníbal Cavaco Silva (November 6, 1985–1995) (President since 2006)

Romania
- Party leader: General Secretary Nicolae Ceaușescu (1965–1989) (1967–1989 Head of State)
- Head of State: Chairman of the Council of State Nicolae Ceaușescu (1967–1989) (1965–1989 party leader)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Constantin Dăscălescu (1982–1989)

San Marino
- Head of State: Capitani Reggenti
  - Marino Bollini ( 1979 , October 1, 1984– April 1, 1985, 1995, 1999–2000 ) and Giuseppe Amici ( 1979–1980 , October 1, 1984– April 1, 1985)
  - Enzo Colombini (April 1, 1985– October 1, 1985, 2000–2001 ) and Severiano Tura (April 1, 1985– October 1, 1985)
  - Pier Paolo Gasperoni (October 1, 1985– April 1, 1986, 1996 ) and Ubaldo Biordi ( 1981–1982 , October 1, 1985– April 1, 1986)

Sweden
- Head of State: King Carl XVI. Gustaf (since 1973)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Olof Palme ( 1969–1976 , 1982–1986)

Switzerland
- Federal President : Kurt Furgler ( 1977, 1981 , 1985)
- Federal Council :
  - Kurt Furgler (1972–1986)
  - Pierre Aubert (1978–1987)
  - Leon Schlumpf (1980–1987)
  - Alphons Egli (1983–1986)
  - Otto Stich (1984–1995)
  - Jean-Pascal Delamuraz (1984-1998)
  - Elisabeth Kopp (1984–1989)

Soviet Union
- Party leader:
  - General Secretary of the CPSU Konstantin Tschernenko (1984–10 March 1985) (1984–1985 Head of State)
  - General Secretary of the CPSU Mikhail Gorbachev (March 11, 1985–1991) (1988–1989 head of state)
- Head of State:
  - Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Konstantin Chernenko (1984–10 March 1985) (1984–1985 party leader)
  - Deputy Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Vasily Kuznetsow (March 10, 1985– July 2, 1985) (acting)
  - Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Andrei Gromyko (July 2, 1985–1988)
- Head of Government:
  - Chairman of the Council of Ministers Nikolai Tikhonov (1980–27 September 1985)
  - Chairman of the Council of Ministers Nikolai Ryschkow (September 27, 1985–1991)

Spain
- Head of State: King Juan Carlos I (1975-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Felipe González (1982–1996)

Czechoslovakia
- Party leader: Chairman Gustáv Husák (1969–1987) (1975–1989 President)
- Head of State: President Gustáv Husák (1975–1989) (1669–1987 party leader)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lubomír Štrougal (1970–1988)

Hungary
- Party leader: General Secretary of the Party of Hungarian Working People János Kádár (1956–1988) (1956–1958, Prime Minister 1961–1965)
- Head of State: Chairman of the Presidential Council Pál Losonczi (1967–1987)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister György Lázár (1975–1987)

Vatican city
- Head of State: Pope John Paul II (1978-2005)
- Head of Government: Cardinal Secretary of State Agostino Casaroli (1979–1990)

United Kingdom
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952) (crowned 1953)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher (1979–1990)

Republic of Cyprus
- Head of State and Government: President Spyros Kyprianou (1977–1988)
- Northern Cyprus (not internationally recognized)
  - Head of State: President (1983-2005)
  - Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mustafa Çağatay (1983-19 July 1985)
  - Prime Minister Derviş Eroğlu (July 19, 1985–1994, 1996–2004, 2009–2010 ) (2010–2015 President)

Remarks

↑ ^a ^b The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are areas that are directly under the British Crown. They are not part of the UK.
↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares

[kronbesitz-1] The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are areas that are directly under the British Crown. They are not part of the UK.

[2] The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares