Nordhorn
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 52 ° 26 ' N , 7 ° 4' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Lower Saxony | |
| County : | County of Bentheim | |
| Height : | 23 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 149.69 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 53,711 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 359 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postcodes : | 48527, 48529, 48531 | |
| Primaries : | 05921, 05925, 05926, 05941 | |
| License plate : | NOH | |
| Community key : | 03 4 56 015 | |
| LOCODE : | DE NHN | |
City administration address : |
Bahnhofstrasse 24 48529 Nordhorn |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Thomas Berling ( SPD ) | |
| Location of the city of Nordhorn in the Grafschaft Bentheim district | ||
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Nordhorn is the district town of the Grafschaft Bentheim district and an independent municipality in the extreme southwest of Lower Saxony on the Vechte . The city is a member municipality of the Euregio , borders directly on the Netherlands and is not far from the North Rhine-Westphalian border. In terms of spatial planning , the city is classified as a middle center with partial functions of an upper center . In 2020, according to the residents' registration office, 55,136 residents were registered with their main residence in the city of Nordhorn.
Origin of name
For an explanation of the origin of the name of Nordhorn and its districts, see Etymologie Nordhorns .
geography
Geographical location
The city is located in the outer southwest of Lower Saxony , directly on the border with the Netherlands and about 20 km north of the border with the state of North Rhine-Westphalia . Due to its geographical location on a sandy area south of the Bourtanger Moors and smaller Emsland moor areas, an east-western military and long-distance trade route from Bremen to Amsterdam , which was frequented in the Middle Ages , led through the Nordhorn settlement area.
The next big city on the Dutch side is Enschede , which is about 28 km southwest of Nordhorn. On the German side, Münster , about 78 km to the southeast, and Osnabrück , about 80 km to the east, are the closest major cities. The next metropolitan area, the Ruhr area , is about 100 km south of Nordhorn.
The landscape around and in Nordhorn is shaped by the Vechte , the Vechtesee , through which the Vechte flows, and the canals Süd-Nord-Kanal , Nordhorn-Almelo-Kanal and Ems-Vechte-Kanal .
City structure
The city consists of seven districts which are congruent with the municipalities that existed until February 28, 1974 (apart from Hohenkörben, which belongs to the district of Bimolten). There is no official city structure in the main statute of the city; the following table therefore contains the municipalities that have formed the city of Nordhorn since March 1, 1974; The population is as of December 31, 2013.
Nordhorn can be further subdivided into the inner city area and into the former communities of Altendorf, Bakelde, Bookholt, Frensdorf and Frenswegen . In these former municipalities there are further districts: Blanke , Blumensiedlung, Bussmaate, Deegfeld, Feldflur, Frensdorferhaar, Neuberlin, Oorde, Stadtflur, Streng and Wehrmaate.
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Neighboring communities
The following cities and municipalities border the city of Nordhorn:
 Neuenhaus |
 Osterwald |
 Wietmarschen |
 Dinkelland ( NL ) |
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Wietmarschen |
 bad Bentheim |
 Isterberg |
Engden |
climate
Nordhorn is located in the temperate climate zone of Central Europe. The average annual temperature is 8.5 degrees Celsius, the average air pressure 761.5 hectopascals and the average annual rainfall 700 to 800 millimeters. The climate is subatlantic with rather mild winters and moderately warm summers.
history
The landscape structure of Nordhorn was shaped millions of years ago by climate changes, especially by the ice ages . The oldest deposits at a depth of around two thousand meters come from the Carboniferous . At the turn of the Chalk and Tertiary periods , the earth's crust formed into smaller folds here. In the Middle Tertiary, subtropical temperatures prevailed in the North Horn Plain. After that, an increasing cooling began, which reached its peak with the ice ages. After the last ice had thawed, low areas had formed. Strong winds blew in the vegetation-free surface of the dunes . Remains of such a dune complex can still be found in the nearby “ Tillenberge ” nature reserve .
Excavation finds from the Younger Stone Age and the subsequent Bronze Age testify that people settled on the Nordhorn sand plain six thousand years ago. In the rainy and colder Iron Age , the settlement extended to the dry bank heights of the Vechte, which is proven by numerous traces of Iron Age settlements, which formed the foundation stones for the later farmers of Frensdorf, Bookholt, Altendorf, Hesepe and Bakelde.
From 12 BC The Roman generals Drusus , Tiberius , Germanicus and Varus undertook a total of thirteen campaigns in the then free Germania . Presumably they used the prehistoric nature trails on the banks of the Vechte and the sand walkways along the moors as military roads from their camp in Xanten . This land connection from west to east would later become an important trade route linking cities such as Brussels , Amsterdam , Bremen and Hamburg .
Towards the end of the 4th century, with the beginning of the migration from the north, the Saxons advanced west. They pushed the Tubanten further west into the Twente . After Charlemagne had conquered Saxony , the first border line between Franconia and Saxony was created as an internal border. At the time of Emperor Charles V , this border shifted to the east because these areas came under the rule of Spain. Today this border is largely identical to the border with the Netherlands .
middle Ages
In 687 Bishop Wilfrid of York sent missionaries across the English Channel to Christianize the former Tubantenland . Willibrord founded the diocese of Utrecht and Werenfried spread Christianity in the Vechtetal.
Around 800 the Nordhorn settlement was assigned to the diocese of Münster . Bishop Liudger built a wooden church on a protruding spur in the Vechteaue. Around 900 the name of the settlement is mentioned for the first time in the records of the Werden an der Ruhr monastery as Northhornon .
Around 1180, the Counts of Bentheim acquired the Gogericht Nordhorn. They built a castle on an island in the middle of the Vechte, parts of which were preserved until 1912. Today the Catholic St. Augustine Church stands there . With the help of the artificially created mill dam and two mills it was possible to regulate the water level of the Vechte and to colonize the island. More canals were built - presumably under the influence of Dutch hydraulic engineers - the so-called "Binnenvechten", which divided the island again into probably six smaller islands. With the construction of two gate bridges and the protection of the moated castle, it was easier to defend against attackers than the old settlement around the market church. Today's main street was likely to have led across the Vechteinsel, which had now developed into an attractive trading center. Merchants and shipowners settled here - a marketplace was created. The name Nordhorn was henceforth used for the new settlement on the threshold of the town, while the old settlement around the market church was called the "Old Village" and is still called Altendorf today.
Nordhorn had a key position on Flämische Strasse , the intersection of today's federal road 213 and federal road 403 . Goods from Scandinavia and the Hanseatic cities found their way through Nordhorn to the commercial centers of the west as far as Paris .
The Vechte was already navigable from Schüttorf .
Nordhorn may have got its name through the trade between the two villages and the fact that the inland waterway operators used a horn in fog to warn each other. The Tuter , a bronze monument to the beginnings of inland shipping, has stood by the old port since the 1970s . Heinrich Specht, on the other hand, in his town chronicle from 1941 sees it as more likely that the name Nordhorn is derived from the first settled Landsporn, which protruded from the north like a horn into the Vechte Valley.
The Vechte is approx. 167 km long and had direct access to the sea in the Middle Ages: it flowed into the Zuiderzee near Zwolle, which at that time was not yet separated from the North Sea and was the center of Dutch sea trade for many centuries. After the land reclamation measures of modern times, it now flows north of Zwolle into the Zwarte Water, a tributary of the IJsselmeer that emerged from the Zuiderzee after the construction of the dike .
The first Bentheim sandstones were shipped to the Netherlands as early as 1160 . Up to 1,200 freight cranes, boats and barges anchored here in one year and brought their goods to Holland. The stone mate became the stacking place. The street of the same name still reminds us today that the Bentheim sandstone was exported to many countries from here. For example, for magnificent buildings like the Royal Palace in Amsterdam , but also many mills, churches, locks, town halls and other public buildings made of the famous Bentheim sandstone. The returning ships brought spices, textiles, paper as well as food and luxury items such as coffee, tea, cocoa and tobacco. Until the middle of the 19th century, trade, handicrafts and agriculture were the main economic bases in the region. Shipping on the Vechte, the Ems-Vechte Canal , the Nordhorn-Almelo Canal , the South-North Canal and the Coevorden-Piccardie Canal , together with the haulage, were important branches of business at that time. In those centuries the city was the seat of wealthy merchants, shipowners and boatmen.
On the ninth day after Pentecost in 1379, Count Bernhard I. zu Bentheim granted Nordhorn the town charter based on Münster law and in 1416 gave it the privilege . Count's castle and village settlement formed a kind of island between the arms of the Vecht, which had become important as a trading hub for the Bentheim counts. The Vechte was artificially diverted; with its "Binnenvechten" the city resembled Dutch canals, which at the time was also called "Inselordhorn".
With the economic boom, cultural life also reached a high point during these years. Augustinian canons founded the Marienwolde monastery in Frenswegen in 1394 . Through foundations and donations, the monastery became known across the borders as the paradise of Westphalia . After the secularization by Napoléon Bonaparte in 1806 , the monastic grounds and lands passed into the possession of the Count of Bentheim. The settlement spanning thousands of years and the 625-year history of the city to date have left only a few architectural witnesses from ancient times besides the Marienwolde monastery.
Based on the late Romanesque churches in neighboring Westphalia, churches made of Bentheim sandstone were built in the 13th century. The only preserved work of art from this period is the Brandchten baptismal font. The old church on the market is a witness of the 15th century . It was built under Dutch influence in the late Gothic style and in honor of St. Liudger , the founder of the first church in Nordhorn. Three generations probably worked on this impressive three-aisled hall church. Originally, the tower was 102 meters high and was the responsibility of the city council as a watch and fire tower. In a heavy storm, the spire fell on the market square in front of the building. The new tip was much lower (about 70 meters) and wind permeable. During a restoration of the interior of the church in 1967, Gothic wall paintings were uncovered in the choir - the "Nordhorn apostle pictures". They show the twelve apostles and various biblical images. The paintings were preserved because there was no agreement on what to do with them, since according to the Calvinist church order of the Reformed Confession, which was introduced by Count Arnold II of Bentheim in 1588 , pictures and jewelry in church rooms are not to be used. During a renovation in the late 1990s, these pictures were rediscovered and the church council decided to cover the pictures with rice paper as they seemed too valuable to simply paint over.
16th to 18th century
Heavily decimated by wars and epidemics, the city had to endure several occupations and troops in the 17th and 18th centuries. In the 80-year struggle for freedom of the Dutch against the Spaniards , Nordhorn was a transit station for Spanish troops, as the neighboring county of Lingen was part of Spanish territory. At times the Prince of Parma is said to have encamped with 6,000 soldiers around Nordhorn.
During the Thirty Years War , Sweden, Hesse, Lüneburgers and imperial troops moved over the old Flemish military and trade route through Nordhorn - all wanted to be fed from the meager harvest. However, the exploited city hardly had time to recover from the chaos of war. Just a few years later, the militant Bishop Christoph Bernhard von Galen from Münster was waging a war against the Dutch on the plain in front of Nordhorn, which ended in 1666 with the Peace of Nordhorn.
19th century
At the time of Napoleon there was again hustle and bustle in Nordhorn. During these years the trading center on the Vechte grew, and two ports defined the image of the city. Napoleon's continental blockade, which was directed against English trade, made Nordhorn a center of smuggling from 1806 onwards. The wide moor and heather areas favored this profitable trade.
As a result of the reorganization of the political landscape in Europe by the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15, the flourishing transit trade in Nordhorn came to a standstill again. The state border became a customs border, which deprived the north-horn trade, which was oriented to the west, of its foundations. In the following years the city became impoverished. Since the Vechte could not be expanded in line with the times and silted up, shipping also came to a standstill. The townspeople became farmers ; Dealers and freight forwarders left Nordhorn. Only the home weaving still brought income opportunities , whole families emigrated to America .
The year 1839 is considered to be the founding year of the Nordhorn textile industry . The first mechanical high-speed weaving mill by Willem Stroink from Enschede was built on the trade route. Here cotton was processed, calico and watertwist were woven. Further businesses were founded by Jan van Delden in 1864 and Josef Povel and Hermann Kistemaker in 1851. Textile production set the pace for the troubled economy. The foundation stone for the development of one of the largest German textile cities was laid. With the start of the mass production of apron fabrics, the "Nordhorn water aprons", Nordhorn began to rise in 1889, with its 3,000 inhabitants at the time, becoming one of the most important centers of the German textile industry.
From 1843 to 1872 the town's mayor was the pharmacist and chemical manufacturer Ernst Firnhaber, whose house on Hauptstrasse was the focus of social life at the time. With its classicist building elements, it is the last architectural example of a manorial town house from the 18th century. Behind the pharmacy, he set up Germany's first quinine factory . In 1843, 32,403 pounds of cinchona bark were processed and exported. The manufacturers Ludwig Povel, Bernard Rawe , Bernhard Niehues and Friedrich Dütting founded further textile companies between 1872 and 1897, some of which still supply the domestic and international market until the beginning of the 21st century.
In 1864 the common Bakelder Mark was divided between the communities of Altendorf, Bakelde and Nordhorn. Since each municipality was entitled to certain shares of heather, moorland and arable land, no contiguous municipal areas were created.
In the 1890s, Nordhorn was included in a network of artificial waterways. The coal was transported from the Ruhr area to the up-and-coming textile center via the Ems , Dortmund-Ems Canal and Ems-Vechte Canal . The Nordhorn-Almelo Canal provided a connection to the Dutch waterway network, and the peat trade was stimulated with the construction of the South-North Canal . Even if all channels are no longer important for commercial shipping today, their recreational value is, however, highly valued. The Bentheim Railway brought the railway connection to the international network in 1895.
20th century
In 1904, the Bußmaate settlement was built directly on the city limits of Nordhorn in the municipality of Bookholt for the growing number of textile workers. Other settlements followed in the southern part of the municipality. An incorporation of this southern part to Nordhorn initially failed in 1913. In 1921 the municipality of Frensdorf, on whose territory most of the textile factories were located and which now had significantly more inhabitants than Nordhorn, was incorporated. On July 1, 1929, the communities in the Nordhorn area were reorganized. The incorporation of the southern tip of the municipality of Bookholt, which failed in 1913, was implemented, and large areas of the municipalities of Bakelde and Altendorf were also incorporated. In the south, smaller parcels of the communities of Brandlecht and Hesepe were added. As early as April 1, 1929, the Frenwegen manor district was incorporated into Nordhorn. The remaining communities of Bookholt and Bakelde remained; Bakelde was renamed Klausheide in 1931, as most of the community belonged to the area of the Clausheide model estate, which was built in 1914 .
During these years around 1500 people found employment in the various textile companies. The global economic crisis that began in 1929 caused many jobseekers from all over the German Reich to find their way to Nordhorn. By 1939, the number of Nordhorn residents increased to 23,457; It is noticeable that only just under a third of the population was born in Nordhorn. The unusual economic rise in these years earned Nordhorn the nickname Little America .
The Third Reich also left its mark on Nordhorn. The small Jewish community was crushed. The synagogue was completely destroyed, as a memorial plaque in Synagogenstrasse reminds of. The old Jewish cemetery was destroyed in 1937, parts of the new Jewish cemetery were preserved. The old Flemish trade route was used as a military route by the German troops who invaded the Netherlands on May 10, 1940 . Sections of the population experienced this time with very mixed feelings - after all, they were linked to their Dutch neighbors across the border through family and friendship ties. Aid to the persecuted and the resistance movements in particular were able to build on this connection. Adolf Pazdera and Ferdinand Kobitzki , Nordhorn KPD functionaries and trade union secretaries, were persecuted several times and murdered in concentration camps in 1943 and 1944 respectively .
Since 1945
After the end of the war, almost ten thousand people came to Nordhorn from the former eastern German territories and found a new home here. The city soon had over 30,000 inhabitants. A new district with around 13,000 inhabitants today, the Blanke, was created. The British military administration moved the district seat from Bentheim to Nordhorn; the city became the administrative center and cultural center of the county of Bentheim.
In the early years of the economic boom , various residential buildings were built in 1952 according to plans by the architect Ernst Kreytenberg .
The textile industry boomed well into the 1970s with its large companies NINO , Povel and Rawe . Around 1960 12,000 people worked in the Nordhorn textile industry, the largest company NINO alone employed 6,000 people. The population rose to over 40,000 people.
Non-profit housing associations and private initiatives made Nordhorn the city of private homes . The enormous construction work also required an enlargement and modernization of the municipal administration - Nordhorn built a new town hall , buildings for the district administration, the employment office and the district court were built on the ring road. The new district court is now in the Seilerbahn.
The first indoor swimming pool in northwest Germany after 1945 could be inaugurated, new schools, sports halls and fields, the concert and theater hall and the city park brought life to the cityscape.
On March 1, 1974, the municipal area reform in the Osnabrück administrative district came into force. With the so-called Osnabrück Law, seven surrounding communities were united with Nordhorn: Bimolten, Bookholt, Brandlecht, Hesepe, Hestrup, Hohenkörben and Klausheide. The urban area increased by a good 200% to around 150 km², and the population rose by around 5,000 to almost 50,000.
In the course of globalization there has been a major structural change since 1975. Between 1979 and 2001, the three large textile factories ceased production.
In the mayoral elections in 2011, the Dutchman Frans Willeme had the chance to become the first foreign mayor in a country in the European Union. He was defeated by his opponent Thomas Berling with 66 votes.
Incorporations
- June 25, 1921: Frensdorf
- April 1, 1929: Frenswegen
- July 1, 1929: Large areas of the communities Altendorf, Bakelde and Bookholt, small areas of Brandlecht and Hesepe (the non-incorporated areas of Altendorf and Bakelde together formed the new community of Klausheide)
- March 1, 1974: Bimolten, Bookholt, Brandlecht, Hesepe, Hestrup, Hohenkörben (Nordhorn parish) and Klausheide
Population development
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(according to the respective territorial status; always on December 31)
Religions
It is not known when the first church in Nordhorn was built. However, it is said that it stood at the Gildkamp and was named after Saint Liudger (Ludger). Liudger was one of the first missionaries in this area, in 804 he became the first bishop of Munster ; he died in Billerbeck in 809 .
Northwest of the city limits in 1394 Frenswegen of was Augustinian monks , the canons -Stift St. Marienwolde founded. Its church, consecrated in 1445, was destroyed by lightning in 1881. The monastery was of great importance for the county of Bentheim and far beyond. The monastery buildings were gradually built and the first church was built at the beginning of the 15th century.
At the same time, a larger church was built in Nordhorn. On July 6, 1445, both churches were consecrated by the auxiliary bishop of Münster. The patron saint of the church in Nordhorn was again St. Liudger. The three-aisled late Gothic market church , which was built in Bentheim sandstone , has dominated the cityscape with its 71 meter high tower since then.
After the Reformation (1517), Count Arnold I, and with him almost the entire county, accepted the Lutheran confession in 1544, and from then on St. Ludgeri Church on the market was a Lutheran house of faith. In 1588, under Count Arnold II, the County of Bentheim converted to the Reformed Confession. Arnold II had come into contact with Calvin's teaching while studying in Strasbourg. His marriage to Countess Magdalena von Neuenahr created a further connection to Calvinism, because his wife also professed to be part of the Reformed denomination. Since then, the old church on the market has been a reformed church. The few Catholics remaining in Nordhorn first had to attend the service in Frenswegen Monastery.
In 1578 the Augustinian Canons bought the castle on the Vechte Island in Nordhorn. Among other things, they set up a chapel in the Residenzhaus. Now the Catholics also had a room for worship, albeit a small one. In 1712 a small church was built next to the castle. The Augustinian Canons chose the patron saint of their order, saint Augustine , as the first patron saint of this church , alongside Saint Liudger .
At the time of secularization through the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , the Frenswegen monastery was abolished in 1809. 1824 was an important year for the St. Augustine parish: the county, which had belonged to the dioceses of Utrecht and Münster for centuries , was assigned to the diocese of Osnabrück and the Augustine parish raised to a parish. The first pastor was the Augustinian canon Johann B. Cordes, who had looked after the congregation since 1810.
In 1826 the castle was transformed into a church. At the end of the 19th century the community grew very quickly. That is why they planned to build a new, large church on Burgplatz on the Vechte . The castle was demolished. The architect Keith from Hamburg in Italy found models for the new church, such as the Pantheon in Rome or the Church of San Giorgio in Venice . The ground plan of the church is an octagon, i.e. an octagon . From 1911 to 1913 the building was completed and the church consecrated . The tower was built at the same time as the church. In order not to impair the effect of the dome , it stands a little apart. A two-story arcade connects the tower and church. The tower is 45 meters high and houses four bells. The dome of the church - a specialty in northern Germany - characterizes the Nordhorn cityscape. A wooden, copper - clad outer dome, crowned with a lantern, arches over the massive iron-concrete dome . The total height is 35 meters. After the Second World War a branch church was founded in Klausheide, the patron of which was St. Liudger was (St. Ludgerus).
The Lutheran Christians in Nordhorn were initially looked after from Lingen, then from Bentheim. After the establishment of its own Lutheran congregation, the Kreuzkirche was built in 1929/30 .
Today the denominations of religion in Nordhorn are comparatively evenly distributed. There are a total of 15 churches in Nordhorn, ten of which were not built until after the Second World War .
Five Catholic ( St. Augustine , St. Josef, St. Marien, St. Elisabeth and Immaculate Conception Mariens Brandlecht) and four Evangelical Lutheran churches (Kreuzkirche, Christuskirche, Martin Luther Church, Michaeliskirche Klausheide ) are located in the city area. The Evangelical Lutheran parishes of Christ and the Cross were united on June 1, 2012 to form the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Christ and the Cross. There are also four Evangelical Reformed churches in Nordhorn and Brandlecht, the Evangelical Old Reformed Church and the Evangelical Free Church community. A denominational peculiarity exists in Klausheide. The Lutheran Michaeliskirche there has been used alternately by Lutheran and Reformed Christians for Sunday services since the beginning. The Catholics have also been using the church since 2009, as the St. Ludgerus Church was decommissioned on June 14, 2009 and demolished in August 2011 due to cost-saving measures.
The Evangelical Free Church Community ( Baptists ) has been represented in Nordhorn since 1909. In 2011 it had over 300 members.
Nordhorn has also had a mosque since 1985 , which is located on Augustastraße.
The Nordhorn synagogue was destroyed in the pogrom night in 1938. The Jewish residents emigrated or were deported and murdered. A memorial today reminds of this.
Denomination
Currently (as of 2019) 22.5% of Nordhorns are Evangelical Reformed Christians, 15.9% Lutherans , 25.6% Catholics and 36.0% do not belong to any or any other religious community.
politics
City council
The Nordhorn City Council consists of 43 members. This is the specified number for a city with a population between 50,001 and 75,000. 42 members of the council are elected by local elections for five years each. The current term of office began on November 1, 2016 and ends on October 31, 2021. The 43rd member is the incumbent mayor.
The last local election on September 11, 2016 led to the following result:
| Political party | Seats | Gains / losses on 2011 |
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| CDU | 15th | + 1 |
| SPD | 15th | - 2nd |
| Alliance 90 / The Greens | 4th | - 1 |
| Pro County Initiative | 4th | + 2 |
| The left | 2 | - 1 |
| FDP | 2 | + 1 |
mayor
The full-time mayor of the city of Nordhorn is Thomas Berling (SPD), who took office on November 1, 2011. In the last mayoral election on May 26, 2019, he was re-elected with 55.3% of the vote. There were two opposing candidates: Christoph Meier (independent) received 28.4%, Andre Mülstegen (CDU) received 16.3% of the vote. The turnout was 60.8%.
- List of mayors of Nordhorn
| Surname | Term of office |
|---|---|
| Gilbertus Petrus Paulus Bauer (Boer) | 1800-1812 |
| Friedrich Anton Weber | 1812-1821 |
| Egbert Johann Conrad Vincke | 1821-1832 |
| Johann van Almelo | 1832-1842 |
| Friedrich Wilhelm Gerhard Brill (deputy) | 1842-1843 |
| Ernst Heinrich Friedrich Firnhaber | 1843-1871 |
| Derk van Delden | 1872-1897 |
| Ernst Heinrich Beins | 1897-1915 |
| Gerhard van Delden | 1915-1919 |
| Friedrich Fahlsing | 1919-1927 |
| Wilhelm Henn | 1927-1933 |
| Hermann Korte | 1933-1934 |
| Paul Gerhardt | 1934-1945 |
| Paul Drewer | 1946-1948 |
| Heinrich Barlage | 1948-1952 |
| Gerrit Brinkmann | 1952-1956 |
| Bernhard Opolony | 1956-1961 |
| Eberhard Liese | 1961-1964 |
| Wilhelm Buddenberg | 1964-1972 |
| Cornelius Gemmeker | 1972-1981 |
| Wilhelm Horstmeyer | 1981-1986 |
| Friedel Witte | 1986-1999 |
| Meinhard Hüsemann | 1999-2011 |
| Thomas Berling | since 2011 |
coat of arms
The city's coat of arms shows 13 golden balls (also called pennies) and a golden horn on a red field.
flag
The flag of the city of Nordhorn shows a red and a golden yellow half of the cloth in the longitudinal direction and a little above the middle the city coat of arms.
Town twinning
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Coevorden ( Netherlands ) since 1963 -
Montivilliers ( France ) since 1963 -
Reichenbach (Vogtland) ( Germany ) since 1989 -
Malbork (German: Marienburg) ( Poland ) since 1995 -
Rieti (Italy) since 2010
Culture and sights
Buildings
Nordhorn was largely spared from war damage. In the cityscape, the traditional north German brick construction predominates, as can also be found in the neighboring Netherlands. Even in modern buildings, the brick facade is rarely missing. The new administrative building in the Grafschaft Bentheim district, for example, combines the local building materials brick and sandstone with glass , concrete and copper .
Downtown
The city center on the island surrounded by the Vechte has been developed as a pedestrian zone since the mid-1980s.
Particularly worth seeing:
- Kirche am Markt , Gothic hall church, built in the 15th century from Bentheim sandstone.
- Adler pharmacy , built around 1783. The oldest building in Hauptstrasse was bought in 1844 by the then mayor and chemical manufacturer Firnhaber. The building with its two-storey, classical facade, the triangular gable with bulging hipped roof and a round arched window with plait garland, housed Nordhorn's first pharmacy until February 28, 2011 .
- Augustine Church , built in 1913 on the site of the former castle.
Suburban belt
- Nordhorn oil mill; a new weir has replaced the old mill. With the shutdown of the grain and sawmill on Mühlendamm, an almost six hundred year old mill history ended in Nordhorn. The heavy sandstones of the Kollergang are now in the city park. The mill buildings have been renovated and now offer space for cultural events.
- Manor houses built by textile manufacturers in large, park-like gardens with old trees. The villas , built according to Dutch models, are over a hundred years old.
- Stadtpark, a villa park of one of the earlier manufacturers from the Wilhelminian era. Concerts take place regularly in the concert shell in the city park.
- The town hall, completed in 1952, with its bell tower.
- An old draw well in the park at Völlinkhoff
- Opened on June 26, 1953 as one of the first in post-war Germany and under monument protection, the indoor swimming pool on the city ring burned down to the ground on September 12, 2012 shortly before its reopening after a thorough renovation.
- Povel textile factory, which closed its doors in 1979 after almost a hundred years of production. As the last witness of the economic heyday at the beginning of the last century, the former spinning tower has been preserved as an industrial monument. Today it serves as a museum .
- Rawe textile factory , built a hundred years ago in the Bussmaate with an adjoining residential area for textile workers. In the early 1950s, Professor Emanuel Lindner , lecturer at the Bauhaus and student of Mies van der Rohe , designed extensions for this company together with the architect Eberhard Heinrich Zeidler , who now lives in Canada .
Outside
- Reformed church in the old village center of Brandlecht, with significant traces of the Gothic . An example of Romanesque sculpture is the font there, made of Bentheim sandstone , which is considered the oldest work of art in the area of the city of Nordhorn.
- Frenswegen Monastery from the 14th century in the north-west of the city, an example of restored traditional architecture . In 1881 the church, consecrated in 1445, was destroyed by a lightning strike, the monastery buildings were largely preserved, as well as the square, two-story cloister, the well house, the bridge over the moats and the old vaulted cellars. In 1996 a new chapel made of glass, steel and concrete was consecrated on the site of the old church . Located on the exterior of the east wing in a Bentheimer sandstone carved Madonna with the child . After the renovation , which took around four years , the former monastery has housed an ecumenical educational and meeting place since 1978, the starting point and basis of which is the diversity of denominations in Nordhorn and the surrounding area.
landscape
The river landscape of the Vechte and the canals with their rows of trees are used today for local recreation. The canals, built over 100 years ago for the transport and drainage of the moorland, are now home to a diverse range of animals and are used for leisure and recreation. Sluices made of sandstone and clinker, some of which are still operated by hand, compensate for the different water levels.
Fields and pastures enclose rural properties on the outskirts of the city. Wetlands and heathland with birch, juniper and wild orchids are traces of a pristine landscape. A small, protected area with common heather, black oak and juniper opens up to hikers in the Tillen Mountains.
Regular events
- On the Sunday before Shrove Monday, a carnival parade has been taking place in the Blanke district since 1975 .
- The Holschenmarkt is all about craftsmanship and customs and takes place annually on the last Saturday in April. Institutions, associations and companies present themselves in the city center from the pig market to the Neumarkt. The focus is on demonstrations of old handicrafts as well as music and traditional costume dances. There is a craft market on Hagenstrasse. In the evenings, modern live music is offered at various locations in the city center.
- In early summer, usually in June, the canals festival takes place annually at five stations on the Nordhorn canals (border lock, Klukkert port, connecting lock, Rawe pier and Evers-Kotting bridge). The festival is organized by citizens for citizens, the Dutch also take part. Shuttle boats and a vintage bus commute between the five venues free of charge.
- The Nordhorn Music Summer , which first took place in 1992, offers five open-air concerts on five dates in June and July in the concert shell in the city park with free admission. The music is a mix of rock, pop, blues and folk.
- The historic field days take place every year in mid-August . Old agricultural machinery and equipment from exhibitors from all over Europe are on display in the meadows near the zoo. The event attracts tens of thousands of visitors over three days.
- On the last weekend in September , various institutions and associations in the inner city of Nordhorn present themselves at the Nordhorn October . During the afternoon and into the night, visitors can enjoy live music at various locations in the city center.
- On the “longest” Saturday of the year, the streets of the city center are illuminated with torches, open fires and lanterns under the motto fire, water, light . In the city there will be various demonstrations on this evening, such as light or fire shows and a lantern parade for children. Some of the shops in the city center are open until midnight.
- The Christmas market in the city center takes place annually through December with stalls and a supporting program. The highlights are the St. Nicholas Parade on December 5th and the Crafts Sunday, when additional market stalls are set up. At the St. Nicholas celebration, the customs mixed strongly with the Dutch Sinterklaas . In Nordhorn, too, Nikolaus comes by boat in the early evening (from Vechtesee) and is not accompanied by Knecht Ruprecht , but by Swatten Piet , who is similar to the Dutch Zwarte Piet , although there can be two or more black men. Together they take the carriage to the Christmas market, where there is a gift for children. The traditional puzzle evening is a specialty . To this end, numerous stands will be set up in the city center on the evening of December 5th, where mugs and dice will be played with and played with. Since it is a centuries-old custom, this actually illegal game of chance is tolerated this evening in the inner city of Nordhorn and in Bad Bentheim and regularly attracts large numbers of visitors.
- Another Christmas market is set up every year from the second to the third weekend in Advent in the Nordhorn Zoo (near the Vechtehof).
Public facilities
Concert and theater hall
The concert and theater hall is primarily used for the performance of classical and modern plays, musicals and concerts. The building, which was renovated in 2002, offers 470 seats; It is worth mentioning the wall design of the foyer by the artist Ernst Caramelle .
Theater workshop
The Nordhorn Theaterwerkstatt has existed since 1992 and presents an extensive program in the concert and theater hall, in the Kornmühle, the Alte Weberei, in the Frenswegen Monastery, in the Nordhorn city park and other venues, which includes various theater, cabaret and musical productions from educational theater to children's plays and looks back on a number of world premieres. The theater workshop has also committed itself to social engagement, especially youth support.
Nordhorn Art Association
The non-profit art association Nordhorn, founded in 2004, is playing an increasing role in Nordhorn's cultural scene. It is dedicated to promoting contemporary art and regularly shows two exhibitions a year. The Osnabrück art historian Andreas Cordes has been the curator since 2011. Since 2013, the Kunstverein has also been using the historic Kornmühle , where the Bonn chanson cabaret Grün & Huth and the Bonn-based philosopher Thomas Ebers with the program “Melancholie” could be experienced this year .
Municipal gallery
The municipal gallery has been located in the old weaving mill industrial monument since 1999. There are mainly exhibitions on contemporary art. Since 1979 the city of Nordhorn has been awarding the art prize, which is linked to a work exhibition in the municipal gallery.
Grain mill
The historic grain and sawmill was restored after the economic operation was closed and has been used as a venue for concerts and exhibitions since 1989. This is also where the theater workshop and the Sägemühle studio , an association of Grafschafter visual artists founded in 1979, are located.
Art ways
The sculpture project kunstwegen extends over a distance of around 140 km between Nordhorn and Zwolle / Netherlands along the Vechte. Initially, over 30 sculptures were created in and around Nordhorn within almost 30 years. On the initiative of the Städtische Galerie Nordhorn, this sculpture trail was linked to a similar project in the Netherlands from 1998. Since 2000, the more than 60 sculptures under the name of kunstwegen have been one of the largest open museums in Europe; 15 international artists previously dealt intensively with the local history and landscape and then created the new works to fill the gap.
Old weaving mill
The old weaving mill is the weaving mill building of the former textile factory Povel, built in 1949/50. After the extensive floor renovation of the company premises, which was preceded by the demolition of most of the buildings, the old weaving mill was expanded into a culture and tourism center, which was opened in 1999.
The building of the old weaving mill also houses the Grafschafter brewery and the Nordhorn studio of Ems-Vechte-Welle , the regional radio station for the county of Bentheim and the Emsland.
Museum factory in the old weaving mill
Another permanent exhibition in the city museum is dedicated to textile production. In the museum factory in the Alte Webereit, the Nordhorn City Museum shows the entire production process of a textile factory using historical machines in operation. In the exhibition, the processing of the raw material cotton is demonstrated as well as the production of yarn in the spinning mill and the processing of the yarn into a textile fabric. The exhibition also offers documentaries and photographs from the history of the Nordhorn textile industry.
Nordhorn City Museum in the Povelturm
About 300 m from the old weaving mill is the Nordhorn City Museum in the Povelturm , a former staircase of the spinning mill building of the Povel textile factory built in 1906. The former "dust and water tower" of the Povel spinning mill, built in 1906, was also restored and rebuilt. In October 1996 the Nordhorn City Museum opened its first permanent exhibition here. The city museum itself was founded in 1994 by the “Museumsverein für die Grafschaft Bentheim e. V. “founded. The temporary exhibitions take you on a journey through the history of Nordhorn in the 19th and 20th centuries. The bar "Hoch 5 " is located under the glass roof of the 26 meter high tower .
Nordhorn City Museum in the NINO building
The textile history and textile culture of the former Nordhorn textile center can be found in the permanent exhibition “People, Fashion and Machines” opened in April 2011 in the NINO building on NINO-Allee. The former NINO spinning mill building, which is under monument protection, was extensively renovated in 2009 and transformed into a “Competence Center for Business”. With funds from the city of Nordhorn, the city museum operates an exhibition area of 1,200 square meters on textile culture and fashion history on the first floor.
Maritime Museum
The shipping museum is located at Lingener Straße 132, which is reminiscent of the Nordhorn era as a town of shipbuilding, exhibits items from Nordhorn's puntailing days and, together with the Graf Ship association , aims to revive the tradition of Nordhorn inland shipping.
Nordhorn youth center
The Nordhorn youth center has existed since 1973, making it one of the longest serving youth centers in Germany. The youth center building used to be a farm. At first only the threshing floor was used, and the barn was added in the 1980s . In the 1980s, the barn was the center of the punk scene in Nordhorn.
Concerts have been held in the barn . Die Toten Hosen , Cochise , Geier Sturzflug , Helge Schneider , Die Firma , Killerpilze , Wir sind Helden , In Extremo and Rammstein in the barn have already played .
Nordhorn City Library
The Nordhorn City Library goes back to a public library established in 1873. After changing locations, it has been housed in a converted building with a direct connection to the town hall since 2001. The library has around 85,000 media units and the range is multimedia. The inventory is divided into the areas of beautiful literature, non-fiction and specialist literature, local library, children's and youth library, newspaper and magazine department, as well as the areas of audio books and feature films. The house has a special house and garden department as well as a parents' and children's library.
Nordhorn Zoo
In 1949 a private zoo was founded on Heseper Weg near the Vechte. In 1955 a “Board of Trustees of the Nordhorn Zoo” took over responsibility, and from 1962 the business was run by a registered association. In 1994 the "Tierpark Nordhorn gGmbH" was founded with the city and the district as shareholders. The zoo was accepted into the European Zoo Association , the Association of Zoological Gardens and in 2007 also into the World Zoo Association.
Today around 2000 animals from more than 100 species are shown on an area of 12 ha . The zoo is particularly committed to the preservation and care of endangered regional domestic animal breeds and regional nature conservation. The zoo counted over 450,000 guests in 2018, around half of them from the nearby Netherlands.
Nordhorn in film and literature
The opening scenes for the anti-war television film Luftwaffenhelfer (1980) by Volker Vogeler were filmed at the Nordhorner Gymnasium. In Arno Schmidt's novel KAFF also Mare Crisium , the protagonists live in Nordhorn and work in the textile industry.
The homeland crime novels of the Nordhorn author Joana Brouwer play u. a. in Nordhorn and the county of Bentheim.
Sports
societies
The 54 sports clubs in Nordhorn have almost 18,000 members. The most famous clubs include the EC Nordhorn , Eintracht Nordhorn , HSG Nordhorn-Lingen , Sparta Nordhorn and the chess club Nordhorn-Blanke from 1955 eV
Here is a selection of the clubs:
- Academico Portugues
- SV Alemannia Nordhorn
- Red and white bimolts
- FC Blanke
- Blue and white bookholt
- SpVgg Brandlecht-Hestrup
- Forest storm Frensdorf
- Heseper SV
- SV Klausheide
- Nordhorn boat club
- Nordhorner Judo Club e. V
- Euregio Karate Nordhorn e. V.
- Karate Club Nordhorn e. V. (Kempo) / Boxing relay Galaxy
- Vechtetal riding and racing club
- Nordhorn gymnastics club
- Turkish SV
- Forward Nordhorn
- VfL White Elf Nordhorn
- Nordhorn water sports club
Euregium
The Euregium is the venue of the HSG Nordhorn-Lingen (1st handball league), but is also used for other sporting and cultural events.
Ice rink
In the mid-1970s, an ice rink was built in the immediate vicinity of the outdoor pool . In addition to recreational and school sports, it is primarily used for games and training for the Nordhorn ice sports clubs . The ice sports club had to be dissolved and re-established several times for financial reasons. In the early years there was the EC Nordhorn and until 1999 the GEC Nordhorn , whose first ice hockey team played, among other things, in the Bundesliga , which was the second highest class at the time. Until June 2011 there was the association ECE Bully-Dogs 1999 e. V. , whose ice hockey team played in the Association League North Rhine-Westphalia in the 2010/11 season. In addition to ice hockey, the club had a figure skating department; the club was the ice sports association of North Rhine-Westphalia e. V. connected. The Grafschafter Ice Hockey Club was founded in March 2011 and merged with the ECE in June 2011. The new club joined the Lower Saxony Ice Sports Association . After the bankruptcy of the Grafschafter ice hockey club in 2011 , the ice hockey club Nordhorn was founded in 2015.
In 2002 the ice rink was completely renovated. On May 8, 2015, the district administration announced that the hall would remain closed for the 2015/16 season. Due to changes in the safety requirements for ammonia refrigeration systems, the operating permit was refused by the trade inspectorate. In the meantime, however, renovation work has been carried out on the refrigeration system, so operation is guaranteed until further notice.
Indoor swimming pool
On June 26, 1953, the first indoor swimming pool in post-war Germany was opened on the city ring . In 2005 this was extensively modernized and expanded. On September 12, 2012, the listed bathroom burned to the ground during further renovations. In 2016, the new indoor swimming pool "Delfinoh" was opened at the sports park.
outdoor pool
The outdoor swimming pool, which opened in 1973, is located at the sports park. It has a wave pool, a diving pool with a ten-meter diving tower, a sports pool with 8 lanes of 50 meters each, a non-swimmer pool with various slides and a paddling pool.
Regular events
There is an international swimming tournament in the outdoor pool at Whitsun. The VfL Weisse Elf Nordhorn organizes the Whitsun tournament, a traditional C youth soccer tournament, every year over the Whitsun weekend. In 2007 the 25th edition was held. The participating teams come from all over Germany as well as from European countries (e.g. the Netherlands, Poland, Hungary).
Since 2008, the HSG Nordhorn has held the NVB Cup every Easter weekend, in which junior teams from Bundesliga clubs, from other European countries and youth national teams take part. The games will be played in the three halls in the district sports center.
German record
The Heseper SV soccer team, based in the south of Nordhorn, managed to remain unbeaten in 98 championship games between 1996 and October 1999. During this period, the team made it through from fifth to second district class. Until then, TSV Buchbach had held the record with 75 games without a single defeat.
Waspo Nordhorn
The water sports club Nordhorn (Waspo) swam more than 60 German backstroke records between 1958 and 1965. Ernst-Joachim Küppers also set eight European records between 1962 and 1964 and even a world record in the 100 m backstroke in 1964 . In addition, Silke Pielen , Bernd Horstmann, Helmut Horn and Ernst-Joachim Küppers swam in the German national team for many years . Küppers won silver in 1964 and Pielen bronze in 1972 at the Olympic Games.
SK Nordhorn-Blanke from 1955 e. V.
The 1st team of the Nordhorn-Blanke chess club plays in the 2nd Bundesliga West in the 2012/13 season. There are also seven senior teams, one women's team in the Regionalliga North-West and some youth teams, of which the 1st youth team plays in the 1st Bundesliga North. In the 2007/08 season the chess club won the Lower Saxony Cup. He is known throughout Germany for his good youth work: several times youth teams took part in German and North German championships with great success. The Nordhorn Chess Festival has been held annually since 1986, a one-day chess tournament with up to 400 participants. Since the 26th edition in 2012, it has also been known as the "Andreas Schaar Memorial Tournament" as part of the NSV Grand Prix tournament series.
Economy and Infrastructure
Industry
Until the middle of the 19th century, trade, handicrafts and agriculture were the main economic bases in the region. Shipping on the Vechte , the Ems-Vechte Canal , the Nordhorn-Almelo Canal , the South-North Canal and the Coevorden-Piccardie Canal , as well as the haulage were important branches of business at that time. Thus Bentheim sandstone , among other things, the construction of the Royal Palace in Amsterdam has been processed and many other important buildings, shipped from Nordhorn harbor. The development of the textile industry in Nordhorn began in 1839 when Willem Stroink from Enschede in the Netherlands opened the first mechanical weaving mill . As a result, Nordhorn developed into an important location for the textile industry and owed the economic boom to it. Over a period of around 150 years, the textile industry set the pace for the economy and thus became the determining element of the city's history at that time.
The industrialization has meant that the population of northern horn of 2,540 in 1903 and 18,104 inhabitants up to the wedding of the textile industry to increase in 1930 (1950s to 1970s) to about 48,000 inhabitants.
NINO , the former largest textile company in Nordhorn with up to 6,000 employees , was one of the leading European textile producers until the 1980s. This can be seen not least in the collaboration with internationally sought-after fashion photographers such as Helmut Newton or the well-known fashion designer and designer Karl Lagerfeld . Since 2001, none of the three large textile companies NINO, Povel and Rawe existed in what was initially known as “Little America” and later as the “green textile city”. Even the numerous smaller companies in and around Nordhorn could not survive. The only remaining larger company in the textile industry is Erfo Bekleidungswerk GmbH & Co. KG, founded in 1937.
Since the decline of the textile industry, various production and service companies have settled in Nordhorn. The establishment of Citibank with 550 jobs in the former Nino administration building did not last long. Afterwards, the building housed the call center of the company RM Customer Direct , a subsidiary of Bertelsmann AG , with approx. 150 jobs. Arvato , a division of Bertelsmann AG, has been operating the call center since 2015 .
Overall, the structural change towards the tertiary sector in and around Nordhorn is very advanced in contrast to other regions. The greater Nordhorn area is comparatively well positioned nationwide. This is borne out by the current unemployment figures, for example: The Nordhorn agency district of the Federal Employment Agency has had the lowest rate in the northern half of Germany since 2007. Further evidence is the forecast made in the regional planning report of the Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning 2005 according to current indicators, which sees a rural area with high economic dynamism in the north-west of North Rhine-Westphalia and the Nordhorn area in the next few years.
The large number of (food) markets in Nordhorn is striking; The Nordhorn has about twice as many square meters of retail space per inhabitant as the national average.
In March 2007 the “Rawe-Ring-Center” with around 22,000 m² of retail space and a hardware store opened on part of the property of the former Rawe textile factory, after initially considerable resistance from retailers in the city center and parts of the population.
Under the slogan "Nordhorn - Die Wasserstadt", politics and administration want to set new accents in urban development. It is planned to open further channels for pleasure craft and to promote urban development with the construction of a new city port.
Air / ground shooting range
The Nordhorn air / ground shooting range, better known as the Nordhorn Range , was originally part of the Klausheide estate . It is located south of the Ems-Vechte Canal in the Elbergen, Engden and Hesepe districts. The site was used for military purposes because the Krupp von Bohlen and Halbach family initially acquired the land, but after the First World War they were no longer interested in agricultural use. It therefore made the area available to the Reichswehr as an artillery firing range in 1933. During the Second World War it was also used as an air force firing range. After the Second World War, the British Royal Air Force took over the site.
In 1971 the citizens' initiative Notgemeinschaft Nordhorn-Range e. V. founded, which fights for the cessation of flight operations to this day. After several military aircraft crashes, the firing range was occupied for the first time on July 8, 1971 by residents of Klausheid; flight operations therefore had to be suspended for 24 hours. Until 1973 there were further squares, school strikes and large-scale rallies. In 2001 the Royal Air Force handed the field over to the German Armed Forces, which continue to use it as an air / ground shooting range.
media
The local newspaper is called Grafschafter Nachrichten . The regional radio station is called " Ems-Vechte-Welle " with a studio in Nordhorn. There are two free advertising papers : the Grafschafter Wochenblatt and the Sonntagszeitung . These are distributed on Wednesdays and Saturdays.
traffic
Bicycle traffic
A popular means of transport for the people of Nordhorn is the bicycle , mostly called Fietse here (derived from the Dutch Fiets ). A network of cycle paths runs through the entire district, paddestoles and special cycle signposts on these Fietsenpads show cyclists the way. You can use these routes to cross the “green border” into the neighboring Netherlands. In 2007 and 2011, the Grafschaft Bentheim won the award for the most bicycle-friendly district in Lower Saxony . For the years 2017 to 2021, the district is certified as a “bicycle-friendly municipality”. The city itself is a member of the working group bicycle-friendly municipalities in Lower Saxony / Bremen e. V. (AGFK) and, like many municipalities along the border with the Netherlands , has a high bicycle traffic share of 39 percent of the routes of the inhabitants, nationwide this value is below 15 percent. In 2014, 2016 and 2018, the city achieved 2nd place in the bicycle climate test in Germany (category: 50,000 to 100,000 inhabitants); Nordhorn has the highest value in Germany with 22 euros per capita expenditure on cycling.
Road traffic
The total length of the Nordhorn road network is 586.5 km, of which 28 km are federal roads , 10.8 km state roads , 30.6 km district roads and 517.1 km city roads.
In the city center there are around 2,800 parking spaces, divided into three larger parking areas (City Northwest, East and South). The city is close to two federal motorways , the A 30 and the A 31 , and at the intersection of the B 403 and B 213 federal highways . The holiday route Oranier-Route runs through the city area (B 213 towards Lingen / B 403 towards Neuenhaus).
In 2019, the bypass road in the north of the city was opened. After the opening of the south and east bypasses at the end of the 1990s, this new bypass should further relieve the city center. The route runs for six kilometers around the districts of Bookholt and Deegfeld. As part of the northern bypass, a second axis leads perpendicular to the main route into the urban area. The first section between Lingener Straße (B 213) and Wietmarscher Straße (L 45) opened on October 22, 2018.
Rail transport
Nordhorn has been connected to the network of the Bentheimer Kreisbahn (now Bentheimer Eisenbahn) since 1896 . On May 25, 1974, rail passenger transport was discontinued for around 45 years. Until the resumption of passenger traffic on the Neuenhaus – Bad Bentheim railway line in 2019, Nordhorn, with over 53,000 inhabitants, was the second largest German city without rail passenger traffic after Herten .
The Nordhorn station is served by the Bentheimer Eisenbahn for goods traffic and passenger traffic. The RB 56 runs every hour on the Neuenhaus - Nordhorn - Bad Bentheim route . The Nordhorn train station also has connections to the various regional and city bus routes. In addition, the city has received an additional stop with Nordhorn- Blanke .
By 2019 , the Bentheimer Eisenbahn modernized its rail network with financial support from the Lower Saxony regional transport company , so that local rail passenger transport (SPNV) can again be offered from Bad Bentheim via Nordhorn to Neuenhaus . The profitability was proven by an expert opinion and the steering committee set up for this had agreed that the section of the route would be reactivated for local rail transport. Scheduled passenger traffic commenced as RB 56 on July 7, 2019.
Bus transport
The inner-city area is accessed via two city bus routes (lines 31 and 32), two citizen bus routes (lines 33 and 38), with route 38 connecting Denekamp in the Netherlands, and several regional bus routes. The regional buses take you to Bad Bentheim (via Brandlecht and Hestrup, line 40), Neuenhaus (via Bookholt, line 30), Meppen and Twist (via Deegfeld, line 701/700) and Lingen (Ems) (via Klausheide, Lines 161 and 165). From spring to autumn, buses run at certain times on the Emlichheim - Neuenhaus and Nordhorn - Lingen (Ems) lines with bicycle trailers (Fietsenbus) . A supplementary offer is a collective call taxi line in the evening and early morning hours and on weekends. All bus lines are in the tariff area of the Verkehrsgemeinschaft Grafschaft Bentheim (VGB), a merger of two transport companies.
Air traffic
In Klausheide there is a motor and glider airfield , approved for motor planes up to max. 10 t. The nearest international airport is Münster / Osnabrück Airport in Greven .
Shipping
Through the initiative of the Graf-SHIP association , which was founded in 2003, District Administrator Friedrich Kethorn released the Ems-Vechte Canal again on November 14, 2005 for ships up to a total length of 12 m; the other channels have not yet been released. The Klukkert port reopened in 2006.
education
schools
General education schools:
- 13 elementary schools (open all-day schools, denominational schools, a Montessori school in Klausheide with a branch in Nordhorn)
- three high schools
- two grammar schools (one of which is an Evangelical-Lutheran sponsor)
Vocational schools:
- Commercial vocational school
- Commercial vocational school
- Home economics vocational school
- three vocational high schools (business, technology, health and social)
Special schools:
- Astrid Lindgren School - language training
- Anne Frank School - learning support
- Vechtetal School - promoting intellectual development
Other educational institutions
- Community College
- music school
- Catholic Adult and Family Education (FABI)
- Evangelical Adult Education (EEB)
- Academy for Social Pedagogy / Social Work (Medikon GmbH)
- Art school
Social facilities
Euregio Clinic Grafschaft Bentheim
The Euroregion Clinic Bentheim is a specialized hospital with 505 approved beds in eight main and four slip departments in 2007 by merging the two Nordhorn Hospitals, Grafschafter Hospital and Marie hospital was built and the emergency and health care in the district of Bentheim took over. The Euregio Clinic is an academic teaching hospital of the Westphalian Wilhelms University of Münster .
Lebenshilfe Nordhorn
Lebenshilfe Nordhorn gGmbH is a service company for people with disabilities and for people at risk of disabilities. Lebenshilfe was founded in 1963. In the meantime, well over 600 people with a disability are supported, supported and looked after in the various Lebenshilfe facilities. The tasks range from early intervention and development advice in day-care centers, various dormitories with different care systems, family-relieving service, educational and leisure activities to the operation of various workshops (e.g. carpentry, metalworking, special care area), where disabled people depending on their talent and interest in their work be able to follow educational guidance and support.
There is also the music band Tabuwta , a band of handicapped people who are supported by educational staff from Lebenshilfe and celebrities such as Guildo Horn . In 2005 the third CD was recorded and presented in the old weaving mill . One of the three CDs (Roden Emmer) was produced in 2000 in the Nordhorn Youth Center by Edgar Schmidt, Elgo Lammering and Jörg Moeken.
Vechtetal School
The Vechtetalschule has existed as a “mental development school” for primary and secondary levels I and II since 1989. In 1992, the move to the new building on Mückenweg took place. The name Vechtetalschule was decided in 1997.
At present (2010) 210 students in 27 classes attend the school. 10 of these classes are housed in branch offices. Around 100 employees, trainee teachers and interns are employed at the school.
Personalities
Honorary citizen
The honorary citizenship is the highest honor given to the city of Nordhorn. The city has awarded the following people:
- Ludwig Povel (born April 10, 1859 - † October 24, 1938) since April 10, 1929
- Jan Hindrik Hoff (born February 13, 1855 - † July 30, 1939) since February 13, 1930
- Bernard Rawe (October 27, 1864 - February 15, 1950) since October 27, 1949
- Franz Conrad, called Kurt Schlieper (March 1, 1868 - April 4, 1953) since August 31, 1950
- Bernhard Niehues senior (April 14, 1868 - December 29, 1950) since August 31, 1950
- Walter Fastenrath (born September 25, 1877 - † May 6, 1963) since September 27, 1957
sons and daughters of the town
Nordhorn has often become known in history for its sporty sons and daughters. In addition to successful individual athletes, the team sports ice hockey , soccer , handball and volleyball are traditionally well represented. Before the start of the Bundesliga, Eintracht Nordhorn played for a long time in the highest German football league, the Oberliga Nord. In the 1980s and 1990s, however, first ice hockey and later handball became more important in urban sports.
- 1754, August 15th, Johann Hyacinth Kistemaker , Catholic theologian, grammar school director and university teacher
- 1834, February 28, August Ernst Zwitzers , teacher and pastor
- 1882, February 6th, Gerhard Klopmeyer , first registrar and local researcher
- 1891, December 6th, Heinrich Barlage , head of the Nordhorn police (1945–1948), co-founder of the Lower Saxony Association of Cities, CDU politician, municipal and city council (1923–1943), mayor of Nordhorn (1948–1952), member of the Bundestag (1953 –1957)
- 1894, January 4th, Dietrich “Derk” Averes , “ flying ace ” in the First World War
- 1900, August 31, Erika Lichte , poet
- 1911, January 20, Liesel Albrecht-Fastenrath , author
- 1916, July 20, Heinz Deymann , councilor and co-founder of the DKP in Nordhorn and Lower Saxony
- 1922, June 27th, Herbert Ziergiebel , active in the anti-fascist resistance, concentration camp prisoner in Dachau, journalist and writer in the GDR after the Second World War (including the face with the scar , with Armin Mueller-Stahl under the title The Last Chance 1962 filmed),
- 1922, December 1st, Heinz Conradi , football player
- 1933, Günther Erken , theater scholar and dramaturge
- 1938, February 8, Margarete Buscher , athlete, participant in the Summer Olympics in Tokyo
- 1938, December 14th, Siegmund Helms , musicologist and music teacher
- 1939, November 18, Otto Geisert , Bundesliga soccer player (1963–1970), scored the first hat-trick in the Bundesliga
- 1942, September 23, Bernd Horstmann , multiple German swimming master over 100 m back
- 1946, June 16, Heinz Stauvermann , soccer player and coach
- 1947, February 2, Lars U. Scholl , seafaring historian
- 1948, Maria Vedder , artist
- 1950, Karl-Wilhelm ter Horst , social scientist, ev. Theologian and pastor, founder of ECO - Association for the Promotion of European Border Cultures e. V.
- 1952, May 17th, Bernhard Brink , pop singer and presenter
- 1952, December 25th, Gerd Ludwig Will , politician (SPD), member of the Lower Saxony state parliament
- 1953, April 20, Marie-Luise Dött , politician (CDU) and Member of the Bundestag
- 1953, August 10th, Michael Schneider , recorder player and conductor, founder of the Camerata Cologne and La Stagione Frankfurt , professor and vice-president of the music academy in Frankfurt am Main
- 1955, Gesine Reichstein , teacher, radio presenter and Low German author.
- 1955, August 29th, Silke Pielen , swimmer, bronze medalist at the Olympic Games in Munich
- 1957, August 1st, Beate Merk , politician ( CSU ), Bavarian European Minister
- 1958, September 6th Christina Haverkamp , human rights activist and teacher
- 1958, October 14th, Klaas Huizing , writer and ev. Theologian, professor for systematic theology in Würzburg , member of the German PEN club , editor-in-chief of the culture magazine Opus
- 1959, December 19, Christian Brockmeier , jazz pianist, composer, founding member of the band Stoppok , also worked as a lecturer, studio musician, ballet répétiteur and producer
- 1960, Joachim Ragnitz , economist
- 1961, Uwe Dierks , film and television producer ( Boulevard Bio , Liebe Sünde , Rhythm Is It! ) , Managing director of the production company BoomtownMedia GmbH & Co. KG
- 1961, March 16, Friedhilde Trüün , children's voice teacher and church musician
- 1961, November 14th, Georg Plasger , professor for systematic and ecumenical theology at the University of Siegen
- 1963, Johnny de Brest (Olaf Enkrodt), photo artist
- 1963, January 6th, Leonhard Fischer , manager
- 1963, April 11th, Andreas Kemper , publicist, blogger and sociologist
- 1964, March 16, Thomas Ebers , specialist author, speaker and publisher
- 1965, March 18, Paulo da Palma , football player
- 1966, January 17th, Heiko Niere , ice hockey player
- 1966, June 19, Karina Kim (Silvia Conrad), pop singer
- 1967, January 18, Klaus Eckstein, triathlete
- 1971, Marco Dreckkötter , musician and film composer, member of the band JaKönigJa
- 1971, Ebba Durstewitz , musician, singer, freelance author and gallery owner, founder of the band JaKönigJa
- 1972, January 2, Claudia Schwarz (round), author
- 1972, June 25th, Thorsten Schoen , beach volleyball player
- 1973, Michael-Che Koch , actor, voice actor, speaker and presenter
- 1974, June 22nd, Johanna Reinink (Thewes), volleyball player
- 1975, Michael Lindemann , lawyer and professor for criminal law, criminal procedure law and criminology
- 1976, March 9, Albert Stegemann , farmer and politician (CDU), member of the German Bundestag, since January 2018 agricultural policy spokesman for the CDU / CSU
- 1977, May 2nd, Jan Fitschen , long-distance runner
- 1977, June 3, Jeroen Dickschat , chemist and professor
- 1977, November 4th, Peer Wente , basketball player
- 1979, November 14th, Nils Meyer , handball player
- 1980, November 6th, Simon Cziommer , football player
- 1981, January 24th, Andrea Berg , volleyball player
- 1981, June 11, Sarah Liu , presenter and television actress
- 1982, October 30th, Sven Teuber , politician (SPD), member of the state parliament in Rhineland-Palatinate
- 1985, June 4th, Anna-Lena Grönefeld , tennis player
- 1985, August 10, Wiebke Kethorn , handball player
- 1986, Henner Momann , German actor
- 1987, March 20, Henning Wegter , volleyball player
- 1987, November 11th, Mareike Hindriksen , volleyball player
- 1987, December 1st, Jörn Kamphuis , moderator and Mister Germany 2013
- 1990, August 28, Laskah (Eike Schomakers), rapper
- 1992, September 18, Bianca Meyerink , volleyball player
- 1994, April 5th, Jennifer Geerties , national volleyball player
- 2000, June 29th, Lina Alsmeier , volleyball player
Personalities who have worked in the city
- Willi Arens (1937–2011), politician and trade unionist, last federal chairman of the Textile Clothing Union
- Rudolf Beckmann (1903–1992), entrepreneur and politician (mayor, district administrator), initiator of the Bentheim border region committee and resolute opponent of the Dutch. Annexation plans ( Bakker-Schut-Plan ), commitment to the German-Dutch reconciliation. Numerous German and Dutch awards and honors.
- Wilhelm Buddenberg (1914–1992), Mayor of Nordhorn 1964–1972 (CDU)
- Jochen Fraatz (* 1963), handball player
- Ernst Fuhry (1903–1976), founder of the “ Spartans ” and co-founder of SV Eintracht Nordhorn. In addition to the Eintracht emblem, Fuhry also designed the emblem of the German Football Association (DFB).
- Holger Glandorf (* 1983), handball player
- Ferdinand Kobitzki (1890–1944), union leader and resistance fighter against National Socialism
- Bertha (1886–1957) and Gustav Krupp von Bohlen and Halbach (1870–1950), industrialists, built an estate and a private airfield from 1914, from which the municipality of Klausheide and today's Nordhorn-Lingen airfield developed.
- Ernst Küppers (1904–1976), swimmer, six-time German champion and five-time European record holder; Olympic participant (1928 and 1932), manager of the indoor swimming pool and trainer of Waspo Nordhorn
- Ernst-Joachim Küppers (* 1942), Waspo Nordhorn swimmer, multiple German champion, participant and silver medalist at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo
- Reni Küppers, b. Erkens (1909–1987), swimmer, German champion and Olympic participant in 1928 in Amsterdam
- Ola Lindgren (* 1964), handball player; Player and coach of HSG Nordhorn, coach of the Swedish national handball team
- August Perk (1897–1945), resistance fighter against National Socialism
- Alfred Post (1926-2013), German national soccer player, played for Eintracht Nordhorn from 1954 to 1959
- Bernard Povel (1897–1952), manufacturer, member of the Bundestag and savior of Jews from National Socialist persecution
- Heinz Schumann (1922-2003), German national soccer player, played for Eintracht Nordhorn from 1952 to 1956
- Heinrich Specht (1885–1952), rector, local historian and politician (SPD)
References
literature
- Heinz Aldekamp, Werner Rohr: Nordhorn after 1945. (Ed .: VHS Grafschaft Bentheim), Hellendoorn, Bad Bentheim 1977, 1987, 1994 (5th edition).
- Brigitte Burdzyn, Werner Rohr (Red.): Nordhorn in the 3rd Reich. (Ed .: VHS Grafschaft Bentheim), Nordhorn 1991, ISBN 3-922303-02-1
- Margret Delißen (editor), Helmut Röh (ill.), Bärbel Görtzen: Nordhorn - border town without borders. Neomedia-Verlag, Reken 1989, 1999.
- Wilfried P. Delißen u. a .: Nordhorn - traces and notes. Verlag Euregio, Nordhorn 1988, ISBN 3-926820-02-0
- Alfred Dietrich: Nordhorn - textile city in the country. Holzberg, Oldenburg 1966.
- Ludger Kenning, Klaus Wilmsmeyer: The Bentheim Railway. Kenning Verlag, Nordhorn 1987.
- Bernd-Andreas Knoop, Jörg-Uwe Seifert: Nordhorn - faces of a city. Nordhorn 1976.
- Bernd-Andreas Knoop, Fritz Schöbel: That was the festival week - 600 years of the city of Nordhorn. Nordhorn 1979.
- Bernd-Andreas Knoop: The big book of the county. Knoop, location 1984.
- Clemens v. Looz-Corswarem, Michael Schmitt (Ed.): Nordhorn - Contributions to the 600 year city history. Hellendoorn, Bad Bentheim 1979, ISBN 3-922303-00-5 .
- Gerhard Plasger: Nordhorn in old views. European Library, Zaltbommel 1983, 1990, 1994, ISBN 90-288-2457-X .
- Gerhard Plasger, Johann Plasger: Nordhorn - Pictures of the Past. Nordhorn 1986.
- Werner Rohr (collaborator): 35 years of adult education center in the city of Nordhorn. (Ed .: VHS Grafschaft Bentheim), Bad Bentheim 1983.
- Werner Rohr: The DKP in Nordhorn - history of a controlled party Bad Bentheim 2012.
- Hildegard Schulten: "ad fontes - to the sources". Catholic life in Nordhorn from the beginning to the construction of St. Augustine's Church in 1913 . Catholic Church Nordhorn, Parish St. Augustinus, Nordhorn 2016.
- Heinrich Specht: Citizens' books of the city of Nordhorn from 1396 to 1913. Bentheimer Heimatverlag, Nordhorn 1939.
- Heinrich Specht: coat of arms and seal of the city of Nordhorn. (Older Nordhorn coat of arms, in: Nordhorner Nachrichten. ) Lengerich 1941, no. 213.
- Heinrich Specht: Nordhorn - history of a border town. (Ed .: Heimatverein der Grafschaft Bentheim), Nordhorn 1941, Bad Bentheim 1979.
- Hubert Titz: Nordhorn - a journey through time. Nordhorn 1998, ISBN 3-922303-30-7 .
- VHS Grafschaft Bentheim (ed.): Mühlen and Müller in Nordhorn. Nordhorn 1987.
- Herbert Wagner : Municipal educational organization: Determinants of residential area-specific educational structures as the basis of micro-spatial educational planning. In: Bad Bentheim work reports and studies on socio-spatial educational research, Vol. 1 ( comparative education Nordhorn - Lingen, school development), Bad Bentheim 1980, ISBN 3-88683-000-4 .
- Herbert Wagner: Military in the region, documentation about the artillery firing and bombing area in the Engden Desert. H. Wagner, Bad Bentheim 1989, ISBN 3-88683-010-1 .
- Herbert Wagner: The Gestapo wasn't alone ... - Political social control and state terror in the German-Dutch border area 1929–1945 . LIT-Verlag, Münster 2004, ISBN 3-8258-7448-6 ( online ).
- M. Willibaldis: Sankt Augustinus, Nordhorn, from the beginning to the present. Libertas Verlag for Church and Home, Erolzheim 1960, Nordhorn 1988, 2003.
Web links
- Website of the city of Nordhorn
- Link catalog on the subject of Nordhorn at curlie.org (formerly DMOZ )
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019 ( help ).
- ↑ Lower Saxony Ministry of Food, Agriculture, Consumer Protection and Regional Development (ML): State Spatial Planning Program Lower Saxony 2008 , Hanover 2008, p. 14. ( [1] PDF; 4.6 MB)
- ↑ https://www.nordhorn.de/downloads/files/OTAwMDAwNTg2Oy07L3Vzci9sb2NhbC9odHRwZC92aHRkb2NzL25vcmRob3JuL25vcmRob3JuL21lZGllbi9kb2t1bWVudGUbvzjAyllZfhsVGUvnzjAllZfHGUb2t1bWVudGUvvzjAllZfhGUvzMjAllZ
- ^ A b Hans-Werner Niemann: Ensuring continuity through transformation. The development of the family company Sanders from Bramsch from a proto-industrial linen trade to an industrial weaving mill. In: Journal of Company History. 2006, p. 9.
- ^ Heinrich Specht: Local history of a border district. The Bentheimer Land. Vol. 8. Nordhorn, 1934.
- ^ Friedrich Lindau : Hanover. Reconstruction and destruction. The city in dealing with its architectural-historical identity , 2nd, revised edition, Hanover: Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft, 2001, ISBN 3-87706-607-0 , passim ; Preview over google books
- ↑ a b c Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes for municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 254 .
- ^ After the incorporation of Frensdorf, Frenswegen, Altendorf and Bakelde
- ^ Year of the community reform
- ↑ 2011 census results (PDF; 41 kB).
- ↑ Ecclesiastical gazette for the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Hanover 4/1912, p. 179
- ↑ Kirchen-Nordhorn.de
- ^ Grafschafter Nachrichten of August 19, 2011
- ↑ Internet presence of the Ditib Mosque Nordhorn , in the Internet archive ( Memento from July 29, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ City of Nordhorn: Figures 2020/2021
- ^ Lower Saxony Municipal Constitutional Law (NKomVG) in the version of December 17, 2010; Section 46 - Number of MPs , accessed on May 21, 2015.
- ↑ VORIS § 45 NKomVG | State standard Lower Saxony | - Legal status and composition | Lower Saxony Municipal Constitutional Law (NKomVG) of December 17, 2010 | valid from: 01.11.2011. Retrieved September 21, 2018 .
- ↑ Mayor election Nordhorn 2019. In: Votemanager. Retrieved May 27, 2019 .
- ↑ a b Main Statute of the City of Nordhorn
- ↑ GN-online from April 26, 2010
- ^ VVV Nordhorn: Nikolausumzug ( Memento from December 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ NDR: Nikolausknobeln in Nordhorn ( Memento from December 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Internet presence of the theater workshop
- ^ Kunstverein Nordhorn on Kulturportal Nordwest
- ↑ Internet presence of the Nordhorn Art Association
- ↑ Website of the Atelier Sägemühle
- ↑ Website of the Maritime Museum
- ↑ nordhorn.de
- ^ HE: 40 years of the Nordhorn Youth Center. Open day with a colorful program. In: nordhorn.de . City of Nordhorn, February 25, 2013, accessed on May 17, 2017 .
- ↑ 1984/85 Under a false flag - Die Toten Hosen tour archive. Retrieved April 14, 2017 .
- ↑ gn-online.de
- ↑ Ice rink: rehearsal for the future . In: GN-Online . ( gn-online.de [accessed September 1, 2017]).
- ↑ ems-vechte-news.de
- ↑ "Delfinoh" opened - bathing open from Saturday . In: GN-Online . ( gn-online.de [accessed April 14, 2017]).
- ↑ Grafschafter Nachrichten of October 17, 2007: "Our target figures have been achieved" - Bertelsmann draws a positive first balance - 132 jobs in the service center.
- ↑ Arvato takes over Bertelsmann site
- ↑ About Nordhorn on the AGFK website
- ↑ 2nd place: Nordhorn is bike-friendly municipality , GN online, April 9, 2019.
- ↑ First section of the Nordhorn bypass completed , gn-online.de of October 16, 2018
- ↑ BE Mobil homepage. Retrieved July 25, 2019 .
- ^ Press release from the Lower Saxony Ministry of Economics, Labor and Transport. March 11, 2015, accessed March 12, 2015 .
- ↑ Lower Saxony Ministry of Economics, Labor and Transport: Steering Committee recommends reactivating three railway lines. Communication dated March 18, 2015, accessed on March 28, 2015.
- ↑ Information on the Fietsen bus offer
- ↑ Line network of the VGB (PDF)
- ^ Art school :: Städtische Galerie Nordhorn. In: staedtische-galerie.nordhorn.de. Retrieved January 5, 2017 .
- ↑ Internet presence of the Euregio Clinic
- ↑ Homepage of the Vechtetalschule
