List of heads of state 1285

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Africa

• Egypt ( Bahri Dynasty )
  • Sultan : Qalawun (1279-1290)

• Algeria ( Abdalwadiden )
  • Sultan : Abu Said Uthman I (1282-1303)

• Ethiopia
  • Emperor (Negus Negest) : Yekuno Amlak (1270–1285)
  • Emperor (Negus Negest): Solomon I (1285–1294)

• Ifriqiya (East Algeria, Tunisia) ( Hafsiden )
  • Caliph : Abu Hafs Umar I (1284–1294)

• Kingdom of Mali
  • King : Abu Bakr (1275–1285)
  • King: Sakura (1285-1300)

• Morocco ( Merinids )
  • Sultan : Abu Yusuf Yaqub (1259-1286)

• Empire Kanem
  • King : Kashim Biri (1270-1290)

America

• Inca Empire
  • Sinchi : Lloque Yupanqui (approx. 1260 – approx. 1290)

Asia

• Bagan
  • King : Narathihapate (1254–1287)

• Champa
  • King : Jaya Indravarman VI. (1257-1285)
  • King: Simhavarman IV (1285-1307)

• China and Mongolia ( Yuan Dynasty )
  • Emperor : Kublai Khan (1260–1294)

• Georgia
  • King : Dimitri II the self-sacrifice (1270–1289)

• Empire of the Golden Horde
  • Khan : Tuda Möngke (1280-1287)

• India
  • Ahom (Assam)
    • King : Subinphaa (1281-1293)
  • Delhi
    • Sultan : Ghiyas ud din Balban (1266–1286)
  • Hoysala (in today's Karnataka)
    • King : Narasimha III. (1254-1291)
  • Pandya (in South India)
    • King : Maaravaramban Kulasekara Pandyan I (1268–1308)

• Japan
  • Emperor : Go-Uda (1274–1287)
  • Shogun ( Kamakura ): Koreyasu (1266-1289)

• Kambuja ( Khmer )
  • King : Jayavarman VIII (1243-1295)

• Lesser Armenia
  • King : Leon III. (1270-1289)

• Korea ( Goryeo Dynasty )
  • King : Chungnyeol Wang (1274–1308)

• Crusader States
  • Kingdom of Jerusalem
    • King : Johann II. (1284-1285)
    • King: Henry II of Cyprus (1285–1291)
  • Tripoli county
    • Count : Bohemond IV. (1275–1287)

• Persia
  • Ilchan : Arghun Khan (1284-1291)

• Ryūkyū Islands
  • King: Eiso (1260–1299)

• Seljuks
  • Rum Seljuks
    • Sultan : Mas'ud II. (1284-1293) (1282-1284) (1294-1301) (1303-1307)

• Siam
  • Lan Na
    • King : Mangrai (1259-1317)
  • Sukhothai
    • King : Ramkhamhaeng (1279-1298)

• Trebizond
  • Empress : Theodora Komnene (1284–1285)
  • Emperor: John II (1280–1284) (1285–1297)

• Vietnam (Tran Dynasty)
  • Emperor : Trần Khâm (1278–1293)

Europe

• Achaia
  • Prince : Charles I of Naples (1278–1285)
  • Prince: Charles II of Naples (1285–1289)

• Andorra
  • Co-princes :
    • Count of Foix : Roger Bernard III. (1278-1302)
    • Bishop of Urgell : Pere d'Urtx (1278–1293)

• Archipelagos
  • Duke : Marco II (1262-1303)

• Athens
  • Duke : Wilhelm I de la Roche (1280–1287)

• Bulgaria
  • Tsar : George I (1280–1292)

• Byzantine Empire
  • Emperor : Andronikos II. (1282-1328)

• Denmark
  • King : Erik V. Klipping (1259–1286)
  • Schleswig
    • Duke : Waldemar IV. (1272-1312)

• Teutonic Order State
  • Grand Master : Burchard von Schwanden (1283–1290)

• England
  • King : Edward I (1272-1307)

• Epirus
  • Despot : Nikephorus I Angelos (1267 / 68–1297)

• France
  • King : Philip III. (1270-1285)
  • King : Philip IV (1285-1314)
  • Armagnac
    • Count : Géraud VI. (1256-1285)
    • Count: Bernard VI. (1285-1319)
  • Artois
    • Count : Robert II (1250–1302)
  • Astarac
    • Count : Bernard III. (1249-1291)
  • Aumale
    • Count : Johann I (1269–1302)
  • Auvergne (county)
    • Count : Robert VI. (1279-1314)
  • Auvergne (Dauphiné)
    • Dauphin : Robert IV (1282-1324)
  • Auxerre
    • Countess : Alix (1273-1290)
  • bar
    • Count : Theobald II. (1239–1291)
  • Blois
    • Countess : Johanna (1279–1292)
  • Brittany
    • Duke : Johann I (1221–1286)
  • Burgundy (Duchy)
    • Duke : Robert II (1272–1305)
  • Burgundy (Free County)
    • Count Palatine : Otto IV. (1279–1303)
  • Champagne
    • Countess : Johanna I (1274–1305)
  • Chartres
    • Countess : Johanna von Châtillon (1279–1286)
  • Comminges
    • Count : Bernard VI. (1241–1295 (?))
  • Dauphiné
    • Countess : Anna (1281–1298)
  • Dreux
    • Count : Johann II. (1282–1309)
  • Eu
    • Count : Johann II. (1270–1294)
  • Foix
    • Count : Roger-Bernard III. (1265-1302)
  • Guyenne
    • Duke : Edward I of England (1272–1306)
  • Marche
    • Count : Hugo XIII. of Lusignan (1270–1303)
  • Narbonne
    • Vice Count : Aimery IV. (1270-1298)
  • Nevers
    • Count : Ludwig I. (1280-1322)
  • orange
    • Prince : Bertrand III. (1282-1335)
  • Penthièvre
    • Count : Johann I (1272–1286)
  • Périgord
    • Count : Archambaud III. (1251-1294)
  • Provence
    • Count : Charles I (1267–1285)
    • Count: Charles II (1285–1309)
  • Rethel
    • Count : Hugo IV. (1272–1285)
    • Countess: Johanna (1285–1328)
  • Rodez
    • Count : Heinrich II. (1274–1304)
  • Sancerre
    • Count : Stephan II. (1280–1306)
  • Tonnerre
    • Countess : Margarete (1273–1309)
  • Vendôme
    • Count : Johann V (1271-1315)

• Holy Roman Empire
  • King : Rudolf I of Habsburg (1273–1291)
  • Electorates
    • Archbishopric of Cologne
      • Archbishop : Siegfried von Westerburg (1275–1297)
    • Archbishopric Mainz
      • Archbishop : Sedisvakanz (1284–1286)
    • Archbishopric Trier
      • Archbishop : Heinrich II. Von Finstingen (1260–1286)
    • Bohemia
      • King : Wenceslaus II (1278–1305)
    • Brandenburg
      • Margrave : Otto IV. (1267–1308)
    • Electoral Palatinate
      • Count Palatine : Ludwig II. The Strict (1253–1294)
    • Saxony
      • Duke : Albrecht II (1260–1298)
      • Duke : Johann I (1260–1282)
  • spiritual principalities
    • Hochstift Augsburg
      • Bishop : Hartmann von Dillingen (1248–1286)
    • Bamberg Monastery
      • Bishop : Berthold von Leiningen (1257–1285)
    • Hochstift Basel
      • Bishop : Henry IV. (1275–1286)
    • Besançon Archbishopric
      • Archbishop : Odo de Rougemont (1269–1301)
    • Brandenburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Gebhard (1278–1287)
    • Archbishopric Bremen-Hamburg
      • Archbishop : Giselbert von Brunkhorst (1273–1306)
    • Brixen monastery
      • Bishop : Bruno von Kirchberg (1250–1288)
    • Cambrai Monastery
      • Bishop : Enguerrand II. De Créaui (1274–1292)
    • Hochstift Cammin
      • Bishop : Hermann von Gleichen (1252–1288)
    • Chiemsee Abbey
      • Bishop : Konrad von Hintberg (1279–1292)
    • Chur Monastery
      • Bishop : Friedrich I of Montfort (1282–1290)
    • Eichstätt Monastery
      • Bishop : Reinboto von Meilenhart (1279–1297)
    • Hochstift Freising
      • Bishop : Emicho, wild count of Wittelsbach (1282-1311)
    • Geneva Monastery
      • Bishop : Robert of Geneva (1276–1287)
    • Halberstadt Monastery
      • Bishop : Volrad von Kranichfeld (1254–1295)
    • Hochstift Havelberg
      • Bishop : Heinrich II. (1271 / 72–1290)
    • Hildesheim Monastery
      • Bishop : Siegfried II of Querfurt (1279–1310)
    • Constance monastery
      • Bishop : Rudolf I of Habsburg-Laufenburg (1274–1293)
    • Lausanne bishopric
      • Bishop : Guillaume II. De Champvent (1274–1302)
    • Lübeck bishopric
      • Bishop : Burkhard von Serkem (1276-1317)
    • Liège Monastery
      • Bishop : John IV of Flanders (1282–1292) (1280–1282 Bishop of Metz)
    • Archbishopric Magdeburg
      • Archbishop : Erich von Brandenburg (1283–1295)
    • Meissen Abbey
      • Bishop : Withego I of Furra (1266–1293)
    • Merseburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Heinrich III. von Ammendorf (1283-1300)
    • Metz bishopric
      • Bishop : Burchard of Avesnes (1282–1296)
    • Hochstift Minden
      • Bishop : Volkwin V. von Schwalenberg (1275–1293)
    • Monastery of Münster
      • Bishop : Everhard von Diest (1275–1301)
    • Naumburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Ludolf von Schlotheim-Mila (1280–1285)
      • Bishop: Bruno Edler von Langenbogen (1285–1304)
    • Osnabrück Monastery
      • Bishop : Conrad II of Rietberg (1270–1297)
    • Paderborn Monastery
      • Bishop : Otto von Rietberg (1277–1307)
    • Passau bishopric
      • Bishop : Gottfried (1282–1285)
      • Bishop: Bernhard von Prambach (1285-1313)
    • Ratzeburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Konrad (1284–1291)
    • Regensburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Heinrich II. Von Rotteneck (1277–1296)
    • Archbishopric Salzburg
      • Archbishop : Rudolf von Hoheneck (1284–1290)
    • Schwerin Monastery
      • Bishop : Hermann I. von Schladen (1261–1293)
    • Hochstift Sitten
      • Bishop : Pierre d'Oron (1274–1287)
    • Speyer Monastery
      • Bishop : Friedrich von Bolanden (1272–1302)
    • Strasbourg Monastery
      • Bishop : Conrad III. von Lichtenberg (1273–1299)
    • Toul Monastery
      • Bishop : Konrad II of Tübinghen (1272–1296)
    • Hochstift Trento
      • Bishop : Heinrich II. (1273–1289)
    • Utrecht Monastery
      • Bishop : John I of Nassau (1267–1290)
    • Verden Monastery
      • Bishop : Conrad I of Braunschweig-Lüneburg (1269-1300)
    • Verdun Monastery
      • Bishop : Heinrich III. by Granson (1278–1286)
    • Hochstift Worms
      • Bishop : Simon von Schöneck (1283–1291)
    • Würzburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Berthold II. Von Sternberg (1274–1287)
  • secular principalities
    • Stop
      • Anhalt-Aschersleben
        • Prince : Otto I (1266–1304)
      • Principality of Anhalt-Bernburg
        • Prince : Bernhard I (1252–1287)
      • Anhalt-Zerbst
        • Prince : Siegfried I (1252–1298)
    • to bathe
      • Margrave : Rudolf I (1243–1288)
    • Bavaria
      • Lower Bavaria
        • Duke : Henry XIII. (1253-1290)
      • Upper Bavaria
        • Duke : Ludwig II. The Strict (1253–1294)
    • mountain
      • Count : Adolf V. (1259–1296)
    • Brabant and Lower Lorraine
      • Duke : Johann I (1267–1294)
    • Duchy of Brunswick
      • Altes Haus Braunschweig (common rule until 1291: division into Göttingen, Grubenhagen and Wolfenbüttel)
        • Duke : Wilhelm I (1279–1291)
        • Duke: Albrecht II the Fat (1279–1291)
        • Duke: Heinrich I (1279–1291)
      • Braunschweig-Lüneburg
        • Duke : Otto II the Strict (1277-1330)
    • Flanders
      • Count : Guido I. (1278–1305)
    • Funds
      • Count : Rainald I (1271-1318)
    • Hanau
      • Lord : Ulrich I. (1281–1305 / 06)
    • Hainaut
      • Count : Johann (1280–1304)
    • Hesse
      • Landgrave : Heinrich I (1247–1308)
    • Hohenzollern
      • Count : Friedrich V. (1251 / 55–1289)
    • Holland
      • Count : Florens V. (1256–1296)
    • Holstein
      • Holstein-Itzehoe
        • Count: Gerhard I. (1261-1290)
      • Holstein-Kiel
        • Count : Johann II. (1263-1316)
      • Holstein-Segeberg
        • Count : Adolf V. (1273–1308)
    • Jülich
      • Count : Walram (1278–1297)
    • Carinthia
      • Duke : Rudolf I (1276–1286)
    • Kleve
      • Count : Dietrich VI./VIII. (1275-1305)
    • Limburg
      • Duke : Rainald I (1280–1288)
    • lip
      • Lord : Simon I. (1273-1344)
    • Lorraine
      • Duke : Friedrich III. (1251-1303)
    • Luxembourg
      • Count : Heinrich VI. (1281-1288)
    • mark
      • Count : Eberhard II. (1277–1308)
    • Mecklenburg
      • Prince : Heinrich I (1264–1302)
    • Margraviate of Meissen
      • Margrave : Heinrich III. (1221-1288)
    • Namur
      • Count : Guido I. (1263–1297)
    • Nassau
      • walramic line
        • Count : Adolf (1277-1298)
      • Ottonian line
        • Count : Otto I. (1255-1290)
    • Nuremberg
      • Burgrave : Friedrich III. (1261-1297)
    • Oldenburg
      • Old Bruchhausen
        • Count : Hildebold I (1278-1310)
      • Neu-Bruchhausen
        • Count : Gerhard I. (1278-1310)
      • Delmenhorst
        • Count : Otto II. (1270–1304)
      • Oldenburg
        • Count : Christian III. (1270-1285)
        • Count: Johann II. (1285-1315)
    • Ortenberg
      • Count : Rapoto IV. (1275-1296)
    • Austria
      • Duke : Albrecht I (1282–1308)
    • Pomerania
      • Duke : Barnim II. (1278-1295)
      • Duke: Otto I (1278-1295)
      • Duke: Bogislaw IV. (1278-1295)
    • Ravensberg
      • Count : Otto III. (1249–1306)
    • Saarbrücken
      • Count: Simon IV (1271–1308)
    • Schwerin
      • Schwerin
        • Count : Helmhold III. (1274-1295)
      • Wittenburg
        • Count : Nicholas I (1274–1323)
    • Styria
      • Duke: Albrecht I (1282–1308)
    • Tecklenburg
      • Count: Otto III. (1279-1285)
      • Count: Otto IV. (1285–1307)
    • Tyrol
      • Count : Meinhard II. (1258–1295)
    • Veldenz
      • Count : Heinrich I. von Hohengeroldseck (1277–1298)
    • Waldeck
      • Count : Otto I (1271–1305)
    • Weimar-Orlamünde
      • Count : Otto III. (1247-1285)
      • Count: Otto IV. (1285–1305)
      • Count: Hermann IV. (1285-1319)
    • Württemberg
      • Count : Eberhard I. (1279-1325)
    • Zweibrücken
      • Count : Walram I (1282–1309)

• Italy
  • Estonian
    • Margrave : Francesco I (1285-1312)
  • Ferrara
    • Lord : Obizzo II. D'Este (1264–1293)
  • Papal States
    • Pope : Martin IV (1281–1285)
    • Pope: Honorius IV (1285–1287)
  • Milan
    • Archbishop : Ottone Visconti (1262 / 77–1287)
  • Mantua
    • Rector: Pinamonte Bonacolsi (1272–1291)
  • Montferrat
    • Margrave : Wilhelm VII. (1253 / 55–1290)
  • Naples
    • King : Charles I (1282–1285)
    • King: Charles II (1285–1309)
  • Saluzzo
    • Margrave : Thomas I (1244–1296)
  • Savoy
    • Count : Philip I (1268–1285)
    • Count: Amadeus V. (1285-1323)
  • Sicily
    • King : Peter I (1282–1285)
    • King: Jacob I (1285–1295)
  • Venice
    • Doge : Giovanni Dandolo (1280–1289)
  • Verona
    • Podestà : Alberto I (1277–1301)

• Lithuania
  • Grand Duke : Daumantas (1281–1285)
  • Grand Duke: Butegeidis (1285–1291)

• Livonia
  • Landmeister : Wilhelm von Nindorf (1282–1287)

• Norway
  • King : Erik II. Magnusson (1280–1299)

• Poland
  • Senior Duke : Leszek II. (1279–1288)
  • Pomeranian
    • Duke : Mestwin II. (1266-1294)

• Portugal
  • King : Dionysius (1279-1325)

• Russia
  • Moscow
    • Prince: Daniel (1283–1303)
  • Vladimir
    • Grand Duke : Dimitrij I (1277–1294)

• Scotland
  • King : Alexander III. (1249-1286)

• Sweden
  • King : Magnus I. Ladulås (1275–1290)

• Serbia
  • Prince : Stefan Uroš II. Milutin (1282–1321)

• Spain
  • Aragon
    • King : Peter III. (1276-1285)
    • King: Alfonso III. (1285-1291)
  • Cerdanya
    • Count : Jacob II (1276-1311)
  • Granada ( Nasrid )
    • Emir : Muhammad II. Al-Faqih (1273-1302)
  • Castile and Leon
    • King : Sancho IV. (1284-1295)
  • Mallorca
    • King : Jacob II (1276-1311)
  • Navarre
    • Queen : Joan I (1274–1305)
  • Urgell
    • Count : Ermengol X. (1268-1314)

• Hungary
  • King : Ladislaus IV. (1272–1290)

• Wallachia
  • Prince : Bărbat (1273–1285)
  • Prince: Dan I. (1285–1298)

• Cyprus
  • King : John I (1284–1285)
  • King: Heinrich II. (1285-1324)