September 1

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244th is the th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar; days remain until the end of the year.

Events

• 5509 BC - Epoch of the late Byzantine calendar.
• 462 - possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle.
• 1355 - Tvrtko I writes in castro nostro Vizoka vocatum from old town Visoki.
• 1532 - Lady Anne Boleyn is created Marchioness of Pembroke by her fiancée, King Henry VIII of England.
• 1644 - Battle of Tippermuir, Montrose defeats Elcho's Covenanters, reviving Royalist cause.
• 1715 - King Louis XIV of France dies after a reign of 72 years—the longest of any major European monarch.
• 1752 - The Liberty Bell arrives in Philadelphia.
• 1772 - Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa founded in San Luis Obispo, California.
• 1804 - Juno, one of the largest main belt asteroids, was discovered by German astronomer Karl Ludwig Harding.
• 1807 - Former US Vice President Aaron Burr is acquitted of treason.
• 1836 - Narcissa Whitman, one of the first white women to settle west of the Rocky Mountains, arrives at Walla Walla, Washington.
• 1862 - American Civil War: Battle of Chantilly - Confederate forces attack retreating Union troops in Chantilly, Virginia.
• 1864 - American Civil War: Confederate General John Bell Hood evacuates Atlanta, Georgia after a four-month siege by General Sherman.
• 1870 - Franco-Prussian War: Battle of Sedan is fought, resulting in a decisive Prussian victory.
• 1873 - Cetshwayo ascends to the throne as king of the Zulu nation following the death of his father Mpande.
• 1875 - A murder conviction effectively forces the violent Irish anti-owner coal miners, the "Molly Maguires", to disband.
• 1894 - Great Hinckley Fire: A forest fire in Hinckley, Minnesota, kills more than 400 people.
• 1897 - The Boston subway opens, becoming the first underground metro in North America.
• 1902 - A Trip to the Moon, considered one of the first science fiction films, is released in France.
• 1905 - Alberta and Saskatchewan join the Canadian confederation.
• 1906 - the International Federation of Intellectual Property Attorneys (FICPI) is established.
• 1910 - Sport Club Corinthians Paulista, from Brazil, is founded.
• 1914 - St. Petersburg, Russia changes its name to Petrograd.
• 1914 - The last Passenger Pigeon, a female named Martha, dies in captivity in the Cincinnati Zoo.
• 1917 - Russia is officially proclaimed as a republic.
• 1923 - The Great Kantō earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama, killing about 100,000 people.
• 1928 - Ahmet Zogu declares Albania to be a monarchy and proclaims himself king.

File:WWII Poland Invasion 1939-09-01.jpg

German soldiers destroying Polish border checkpoint in Sopot on September 1939. Invasion of Poland and World War II in Europe begins.

• 1939 - World War II: Nazi Germany attacks Poland, beginning the war. (See Invasion of Poland.)
• 1939 - George C. Marshall becomes Chief of Staff of the United States Army.
• 1939 - The Wound Badge for Wehrmacht, SS, Kriegsmarine, and Luftwaffe soldiers is instituted. The final version of the Iron Cross was also instituted on this date.
• 1939 - Switzerland mobilises its forces and parliament elects Henri Guisan as head of army (a thing that can only happen during war or during mobilisation)
• 1943 - World War II: Italy accepts armistice terms.
• 1951 - The United States, Australia and New Zealand sign a mutual defense pact, called the ANZUS Treaty.
• 1954 - Paul "Bear" Bryant opens his infamous 10-day football mini-camp in Junction, Texas: The Junction Boys.
• 1960 - Disgruntled railroad workers effectively halt operations of the Pennsylvania Railroad, marking the first shutdown in the history of the company.
• 1962 - Channel Television launches to 54,000 households in the Channel Islands.
• 1969 - A revolution in Libya brings Col. Muammar al-Gaddafi to power, which was later transferred to the People's Committees.
• 1970 - Attempted assassination of King Hussein of Jordan by Palestinian guerillas, who attacked his motorcade.
• 1971 - The Senate rejects the McGovern-Hatfield Amendment, setting a deadline of December 31, 1971, for complete withdrawal of American troops from South Vietnam by a vote of 55-39.
• 1972 - In Reykjavík, Iceland, American Bobby Fischer beats Russian Boris Spassky and becomes the world chess champion.
• 1974 - The SR-71 Blackbird sets (and holds) the record for flying from New York to London: 1 hour 54 minutes and 56.4 seconds.
• 1975 - The last original episode of the American television series Gunsmoke airs on CBS after a record 20-year run.
• 1979 - The American space probe Pioneer 11 becomes the first spacecraft to visit Saturn when it passes the planet at a distance of 21,000 km.
• 1980 - Terry Fox's Marathon of Hope ends in Thunder Bay, Ontario.
• 1980 - Chun Doo-hwan becomes president of South Korea after the resignation of Choi Kyu-ha.
• 1981 - A coup d'état in the Central African Republic overthrows President David Dacko.
• 1982 - Canada adopts a Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms as part of its Constitution.
• 1983 - Cold War: Korean Air Flight 007 is shot down by a Soviet Union jet fighter when the commercial aircraft enters Soviet airspace. All 269 on board are killed.
• 1985 - A joint American-French expedition locates the wreck of the RMS Titanic.
• 1988 - YTV was launched.
• 1990 - The Communist Labour Party of Turkey/Leninist is founded, following a split from the Communist Labour Party of Turkey.
• 1991 - Uzbekistan declares independence from the Soviet Union
• 1999 - A LAPA Boeing 737-200 crashes during takeoff from Jorge Newbury Airport in Buenos Aires, killing 74, including 10 on the ground.
• 2001 - Almost every single commercial television station in Vancouver, British Columbia switches network affiliations after a round of ownership changes in 2000 - the largest change in North America.
• 2001 - The first orca calf (later named Nakai) is born through artificial insemination, to parents Kasatka and Tillikum.
• 2004 - The Beslan school hostage crisis begins when armed terrorists take hundreds of school children and adults hostage in the Russian town of Beslan in North Ossetia.
• 2005 - Sony released the PlayStation Portable in Europe and Australia.

Births

• 1453 - Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, Spanish general (d. 1515)
• 1566 - Edward Alleyn, English actor (d. 1626)
• 1588 - Henry II, Prince of Condé, French nobleman (d. 1646)
• 1651 - Nataliya Kyrillovna Naryshkina, Tsaritsa of Russia (d. 1694)
• 1653 - Johann Pachelbel, German composer (d. 1706)
• 1711 - William IV, Prince of Orange (d. 1759)
• 1734 - Joseph Wright of Derby, English painter (d. 1797)
• 1795 - James Gordon Bennett, Sr., American newspaper publisher (d. 1872)
• 1848 - Auguste-Henri Forel, Swiss entomologist (d. 1931)
• 1854 - Engelbert Humperdinck, German composer (d. 1921)
• 1855 - Innokenty Annensky, Russian poet (d. 1909)
• 1856 - Sergei Winogradsky, Russian scientist (d. 1953)
• 1871 - J. Reuben Clark, Jr., American Undersecretary of State (d. 1961)
• 1873 - Dinko Šimunović, Croatian writer and poet (d. 1933)
• 1875 - Edgar Rice Burroughs, American writer (d. 1950)
• 1877 - Francis William Aston, Nobel laureate (d. 1945)
• 1887 - Blaise Cendrars, Swiss writer (d. 1961)
• 1888 - Andrija Štampar, Croatian physician (d. 1958)
• 1889 - Richard Arlen, American actor (d. 1976)
• 1895 - Chembai Vaidyanatha Bhagavatar, Indian musician (d. 1974)
• 1896 - A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, Indian theologian (d. 1977)
• 1897 - Andy Kennedy, Irish footballer (d. 1963)
• 1899 - Andrei Platonov, Russian writer (d. 1951)
• 1905 - Elvera Sanchez, Puerto Rican dancer (d. 2000)
• 1906 - Joaquín Balaguer, President of the Dominican Republic (d. 2002)
• 1906 - Franz Biebl, German composer (d. 2001)
• 1907 - Walter Reuther, American labor union leader (d. 1970)
• 1909 - E. Herbert Norman, Canadian diplomat (d. 1957)
• 1913 - Christian Nyby, American director and film editor (d. 1993)
• 1920 - Richard Farnsworth, American actor (d. 2000)
• 1921 - Willem Frederik Hermans, Dutch writer (d. 1995)
• 1922 - Yvonne De Carlo, Canadian-born actress (b. 2007)
• 1922 - Vittorio Gassman, Italian actor (d. 2000)
• 1923 - Rocky Marciano, American boxer (d. 1969)
• 1923 - Kenneth Thomson, 2nd Baron Thomson of Fleet, Canadian businessman (d. 2006)
• 1925 - Art Pepper, American musician (d. 1982)
• 1926 - Abdur Rahman Biswas, President of Bangladesh
• 1926 - Gene Colan, American comic book artist
• 1929 - Anne Ramsey, American actress (d. 1988)
• 1933 - Ann W. Richards, American politician (d. 2006)
• 1933 - Conway Twitty, American singer (d. 1993)
• 1935 - Seiji Ozawa, Japanese conductor
• 1937 - Ron O'Neal, American actor, director and screenwriter (d. 2004)
• 1939 - Lily Tomlin, American actress and comedian
• 1942 - C. J. Cherryh, American writer
• 1943 - Don Stroud, American actor
• 1944 - Leonard Slatkin, American conductor
• 1945 - Mustafa Balel, Turkish writer
• 1946 - Barry Gibb, English singer (Bee Gees)
• 1946 - Roh Moo-Hyun, President of South Korea
• 1947 - Al Green, American politician
• 1949 - P.A. Sangma, Indian politician
• 1950 - Phillip Fulmer, American football coach
• 1950 - Dr. Phil McGraw, American talk show host
• 1951 - Nicu Ceauşescu, Romanian politician (d. 1996)
• 1952 - Phil Hendrie, American radio personality
• 1955 - Billy Blanks, American martial artist
• 1955 - Bruce Foxton, English bassist (The Jam)
• 1957 - Gloria Estefan, Cuban singer
• 1959 - Kenny Mayne, American sports journalist
• 1961 - Scott "Bam Bam" Bigelow, American professional wrestler (d. 2007)
• 1962 - Ruud Gullit, Dutch footballer
• 1962 - Tony Cascarino, English footballer
• 1964 - Brian Bellows, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1964 - Cécilia Rhode, Swedish model
• 1966 - Tim Hardaway, American basketball player
• 1968 - Mohammed Atta, Egyptian terrorist (d. 2001)
• 1969 - Henning Berg, Norwegian footballer
• 1970 - Hwang Jeong-min, South Korean actor
• 1970 - Vanna, Croatian singer
• 1971 - Ricardo Antonio Chavira, American actor
• 1971 - Jimmy Snuka, Jr., American professional wrestler
• 1973 - J. D. Fortune, Canadian singer (INXS)
• 1973 - Zach Thomas, American football player
• 1974 - Jason Taylor, American football player
• 1974 - Jhonen Vasquez, American comic book artist
• 1975 - Scott Speedman, American actor
• 1975 - Natalie Bassingthwaighte, Australian singer (Rogue Traders)
• 1975 - Omar Rodriguez-Lopez, Puerto Rican guitarist
• 1976 - Jada Fire, American actress
• 1976 - Erik Morales, Mexican boxer
• 1977 - Aaron Schobel, American football player
• 1977 - Raffaele Giammaria, Italian racing driver
• 1977 - Shoshana Bean, American stage actress
• 1978 - Max Vieri, Australian soccer player
• 1979 - James O'Connor, Irish footballer
• 1980 - Chris Riggott, English footballer
• 1981 - Clinton Portis, American football player
• 1982 - Ryan Gomes, American basketball player
• 1983 - José Antonio Reyes, Spanish footballer
• 1984 - Joseph Trohman, American musician (Fall Out Boy)
• 1987 - Dann Hume, New Zealand musician (Evermore)
• 1989 - Bill Kaulitz, German singer (Tokio Hotel)
• 1989 - Tom Kaulitz, German guitarist (Tokio Hotel)
• 1992 - Peter Clark, Teamate of Wesley Grover
• 1994 - Bianca Ryan, American singer

Deaths

• 921 - Richard, Duke of Burgundy
• 1067 - Baldwin V of Flanders
• 1159 - Pope Adrian IV
• 1256 - Kujo Yoritsune, Japanese shogun (b. 1218)
• 1414 - William de Ros, 7th Baron de Ros, Lord Treasurer of England (b. 1369)
• 1557 - Jacques Cartier, French explorer (b. 1491)
• 1574 - Guru Amar Das, third Sikh Guru (b. 1479)
• 1581 - Guru Ram Das, fourth Sikh Guru (b. 1534)
• 1600 - Tadeáš Hájek, Czech physician (b. 1525)
• 1615 - Étienne Pasquier, French lawyer (b. 1529)
• 1648 - Marin Mersenne, French mathematician (b. 1588)
• 1685 - Leoline Jenkins, Welsh lawyer (b. 1625)
• 1687 - Henry More, English philosopher (b. 1614)
• 1715 - François Girardon, French sculptor (b. 1628)
• 1715 - King Louis XIV of France (b. 1638)
• 1943 - Charles Atangana, Cameroonian chief
• 1957 - Dennis Brain, English musician (b. 1921)
• 1967 - Siegfried Sassoon, English poet (b. 1886)
• 1969 - Drew Pearson, American newspaper columnist (b. 1897)
• 1970 - Francois Mauriac, French writer, Nobel laureate (b. 1885)
• 1977 - Ethel Waters, American singer (b. 1896)
• 1981 - Albert Speer, Nazi official (b. 1905)
• 1982 - Haskell Curry, American mathematician (b. 1900)
• 1983 - Henry M. Jackson, American politician (b. 1912)
• 1985 - Stefan Bellof, German race car driver (b. 1957)
• 1985 - Jay Youngblood, American wrestler
• 1988 - Luis Alvarez, American physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1911)
• 1989 - A. Bartlett Giamatti, American baseball commissioner (b. 1938)
• 1989 - Tadeusz Sendzimir, American inventor (b. 1894)
• 1994 - Boris Malenko, American professional wrestler (b. 1933)
• 1999 - W. Richard Stevens, Zambian computer scientist (b. 1951)
• 2001 - Brian Moore British sports commentator (b. 1932)
• 2003 - Sir Terry Frost, British artist (b. 1915)
• 2004 - Ahmed Kuftaro, Grand Mufti of Syria (b. 1915)
• 2005 - R.L. Burnside, American musician (b. 1926)
• 2005 - Thanos Leivaditis, Greek actor (b. 1934)
• 2006 - Sir Kyffin Williams, Welsh landscape painter (b. 1918)
• 2006 - Bob O'Connor, mayor of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (b. 1944)
• 2006 - Nellie Connally, wife of Texas governor John Connally (b. 1919)
• 2006 - Warren Mitofsky, American pollster (b. 1934)

Holidays and observances

• In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the new liturgical year begins on September 1. Also see September 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics).
• Church of England - Saint Giles.
• Cameroon - Jour d'Union Nationale Camerounaise.
• Libya - Revolution Day (1969).
• New Zealand - National R.A.K. (Random Act of Kindness) Day
• Russia - Knowledge Day.
• Singapore - Teacher's Day.
• Slovakia - Constitution Day.
• Uzbekistan - Independence Day (from USSR, 1991).
• Start of the season when oysters are fit to eat (when month names contain an "R").
• Start of cold season.
• Start of the partridge-shooting season ("St. Partridge").
• Start of new school year in many countries.
• First day of Spring in Australia and New Zealand.
• Presidential Inform In Mexico usually in the union congress, except in 2006, when the congress was "taken" by deputies on the PRD

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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