North Friesland district
| coat of arms | Germany map |
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Coordinates: 54 ° 29 ' N , 9 ° 3' E |
| Basic data | |
| State : | Schleswig-Holstein |
| Administrative headquarters : | Husum |
| Area : | 2,082.96 km 2 |
| Residents: | 165,951 (Dec. 31, 2019) |
| Population density : | 80 inhabitants per km 2 |
| License plate : | NF |
| Circle key : | 01 0 54 |
| NUTS : | DEF07 |
| Circle structure: | 133 parishes |
| Address of the district administration: |
Marktstrasse 6 25813 Husum |
| Website : | |
| District Administrator : | Florian Lorenzen ( CDU ) |
| Location of the district of North Friesland in Schleswig-Holstein | |
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The district of Nordfriesland ( Low German : Noordfreesland , Danish Nordfrisland , North Frisian Nordfraschlönj / Nordfriislon / Nuurdfriisklun ) is the northernmost district in Germany. At the same time, North Friesland is historically name-giving the home of the North Frisian minority . Traditionally the minority of the Danish southern Schleswig-Holstein also live in the district area . With no less than five languages traditionally spoken in the district ( German , Low German , Danish , South Jutian and North Frisian ), North Frisia is the most linguistic district in Germany.
The layout of today's district area is not identical in terms of its location to that of the cultural-geographical region of North Frisia . The latter primarily depicts the historical settlement area of the Frisians who immigrated here - it is thus around a third smaller, but also includes the island of Helgoland , which is politically part of the Pinneberg district .
It is also to be distinguished from the district of Friesland in the north-west of Lower Saxony .
geography
Geographical location
The district of North Friesland forms the area north of the mouth of the Eider on the North Sea coast of Schleswig-Holstein (also known as the west coast). It includes both the so-called mainland on the west coast of Schleswig-Holstein , as well as the fragmented North Frisian Islands and Halligen in the area of the historic Uthlande of the North Frisian Wadden Sea . This space, especially in the area of the historic beach and the Heverstrom , has been redesigned many times since the Middle Ages due to devastating storm surges (e.g. Second Marcellus Flood and Burchardi Flood ) and multiple, targeted land reclamation .
The political boundaries of the district area on the mainland largely follow adjacent rivers . In the north this is the Wiedau and, further east, its left tributary, the Süderau . Together they simultaneously map the German-Danish border . In the east, the course of the river Treene roughly forms the transition to the district of Schleswig-Flensburg . The border river in the south is the Eider . Beyond this is the Dithmarschen district . In the course of the establishment of today's district, the communities in the western part of the Stapelholm landscape were added to the North Frisian district area, whereas the communities of the Medelby district of the old district of Südtondern were added to the new eastern neighboring district of Schleswig-Flensburg .
The northernmost point on the island of Sylt in the area of the elbow also represents the northernmost point of the Federal Republic of Germany. This is already at the level of the national territory of Denmark and is off the Jutland peninsula to the west.
The highest elevations within the district are the Sandesberg in the municipality of Ostenfeld at 54 m above sea level. NHN and the Uwe dune in Kampen on Sylt with 52.5 m above sea level. NHN .
geology
From a geomorphological point of view, the district has shares in the following natural areas:
The Wadden Sea is despite its geological peculiarity and vast area not considered their own natural environment.
The island world of the Wadden Sea is largely a remnant of formerly submerged cultivated land (see: Uthlande ). According to a scheme designed by the coastal morphologist Hartmut Valentin , the coastal strip is a coast that has largely receded. The islands can be divided into Geestkerninseln ( Sylt , Amrum and Föhr ), the marsh island Pellworm , the marsh peninsula Nordstrand and the Halligen, which also consists of marsh . The Eiderstedt peninsula forms the southern part of the district. The North Frisian Wadden Sea is part of the Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea National Park .
The basic features of the geography of the district were shaped by the Ice Ages. The coastline in particular is changing dynamically, and unlike in the southern district of Dithmarschen, despite human land reclamation, more land has been lost to the sea than has been regained in the past centuries. Storm surges such as the Second Marcellus Flood in 1362 ( Grote Mandränke ) in particular flooded large marshes and tore them into the sea. The town of Rungholt also fell victim to it.
In North Friesland there are 33 nature reserves , which take 9.21% of the land area. Of the total of 441,000 hectares in the Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea National Park , 176,290 hectares are in North Frisian territory.
Geest core islands
The islands of Sylt , Föhr and Amrum are largely built on ice age geest cores . The highest elevations on Sylt and Amrum are dunes. In addition, the three islands have marshland, most of which are diked.
Marsh islands and Halligen
The marshland islands and Halligen do not have a Geest core, but only consist of the marsh that was created later . Land and sea are in constant motion here. Especially the areas in the area of the former island of Strand are constantly changing. Since the dike was closed at Beltringharder Koog , the area has consisted of what is now the Nordstrand peninsula , the island of Pellworm and the Halligen Langeneß , Oland , Gröde , Habel , Hamburger Hallig , Nordstrandischmoor , Hooge , Norderoog , Süderoog and Südfall . The area is preceded by a line of sand, which begins with the one kilometer wide Amrumer Kniepsand, extends over various sands in the sea such as the Norderoogsand and the Süderoogsand and ends in the wide sandy beach of Sankt Peter-Ording . Numerous tidal currents up to 20 meters deep run through the Wadden Sea in this area, attacking the tidal flats and the foundations of Halligen and islands. The most important of these is the Hever between Nordstrand and Eiderstedt ( Süderhever ) and Nordstrand and Pellworm ( Norderhever ). The northern part of the river did not form until after the Burchardi flood and contributed significantly to tearing the two parts of the old northern beach apart. Since it continued to have a strong current, there were efforts by the coastal protection department to build a dam again between Nordstrand and Pellworm in order to dam the current. In recent years, however, he has calmed down, so that the project is no longer to be implemented in the current General Plan for Coastal Protection (status: 2005).
Marsh areas on the mainland
The North Frisian March extends from the Danish border to Hattstedt - Schobüll , where part of the Geest borders directly on the North Sea. It is bounded to the west by the sea and to the east by the Geest. The marsh is deep, mostly just below sea level. It emerged from the so-called North Frisian Gully between two old moraines , today's Geest in the east and the Geest Islands in the west. Up until the early modern period, today's marshland consisted of a multitude of islands and isles that were constantly changing due to land reclamation and storm surges. Due to the history of their origins, the older soils, in contrast to the marshland areas further south, are less fertile and are almost only suitable for grassland farming . Settlement here also started later than in Eiderstedt and Dithmarschen because of its high susceptibility to floods.
The Eiderstedter Marsch is south of the Geest promontory near Hattstedt-Schobüll. The landscape is younger than the North Frisian March. Much of the country was only created through land reclamation, which connected the three islands that made up Eiderstedt to form a peninsula. The youngest Koog is the nature reserve Katinger Watt . The marshland is bordered on the lake side by two kilometer-wide sands , in the south lies the Eider , in the southeast the marsh connects to the Eider-Treene lowlands , in the north lies the North Frisian Marsh. The Eiderstedter Marsch is crossed by several earlier spits , on which most of the villages are located. The area has fertile soils. Together with the island of Alt-Nordstrand , which has now largely been lost to the sea , Eiderstedt was the granary of the Gottorf dukes . The area is slightly higher than the North Frisian Marsh, so that natural drainage is possible here .
Geest areas on the mainland
The Lecker Geest belong to the Schleswigschen Geest and south of it the Bredstedt-Husumer Geest . Further to the south-east is the Eider-Treene lowland belonging to the Geest .
climate
North Friesland lies in the Atlantic climate area . Compared to other areas of Germany, the district is comparatively cool in summer and comparatively warm in winter, with the Atlantic climate also being noticeably stronger in the district from east to west. If there are still around 190 frost-free days in the Geest per year, there are already 220 days on the islands. Frost rarely occurs in the marshes before the end of October and just as rarely after mid-April.
The precipitation minimum is 40 mm / month from February to June, while it falls around 80 mm / month from August to October. In the summer months, there is significantly less rainfall on the islands, the Marsch and Eiderstedt than on the Geest. The average wind speed of 7 meters / second on the islands is very high and also in the rest of the district is significantly higher than in most regions of Germany.
history
For the history of the district of North Friesland see North Friesland # History .
The history of North Friesland as a political and administrative unit took on more concrete form with the discussions at the end of the 1960s and the subsequent preparatory planning of the district reform of 1970. After plans to form such a group were first discussed in the 1920s by the North Frisian Association for Local Studies and Homeland Love , these flared up again in post-war Germany. In the autumn of 1968 it was suggested in an expert opinion that the districts of Südtondern , Husum and Eiderstedt should be combined into one great district. This association was in connection with a district reform which affected all of Schleswig-Holstein and which had the aim of reducing the number of districts.
The discussions that followed in the political and civic circles of the three predecessor groups, however, showed different images. On both sides only the representatives of the Husum district endorsed this merger, as the plans provided that Husum should remain the district town. But it looked different in the two neighboring districts. In the Eiderstedt district of Schleswig-Holstein, which was then the poorest in terms of population, the political representatives wanted to join the district of Dithmarschen, which, however, was rejected by the majority of the population. In the northern neighboring district of Südtondern, the dispute was particularly close. On the political side, the district council voted against a merger with the votes of the parties CDU , SPD and FDP . Only the two representatives of the SSW , Carsten Boysen and Ernst Meyer, spoke out in favor of the reform. On the civic side, a citizen campaign “Justice for South Tondern” was founded. Most hoped to be able to maintain their independence. As a compromise, only the alternative was named, according to which Südtondern should at most be merged with the Husum district (without Eiderstedt) and Niebüll should remain the district town.
The result of the vote in the Schleswig-Holstein state parliament was ultimately responsible for the reorganization. Here the decision was made in favor of the regional layout recommended in the report. Despite the dissenting vote of the CDU constituency delegate from South Tonder and various SPD opposition politicians, the bill received a majority of one vote. It was that of the North Frisian SSW MP Berthold Bahnsen . Thus the North Frisian circle formation was not brought about by the free decision of the North Frisians themselves. In connection with a local election, the districts were merged as planned on April 26, 1970. The three districts of Eiderstedt, Husum and Südtondern (up to six communities) as well as three communities of the former Schleswig district have been combined to form the new "Nordfriesland district" with headquarters in Husum.
The new central administration building, including visitor and employee parking spaces , was built on part of the vacated area of the traditional Husum cattle market .
In the district elections in 1978 in the district of North Friesland and in the Steinburg district, Green Lists , the forerunners of Alliance 90 / The Greens , passed the five percent hurdle for the first time in Germany .
Since 2004, the district of North Friesland has been a recognized option municipality for benefits under SGB II . To this end, social centers were set up in Westerland , Wyk auf Föhr , Leck , Niebüll , Breklum , Husum and Tönning .
Population statistics
The population figures up to 1970 refer to the area on May 27, 1970.
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Denomination statistics
According to the 2011 census , 65.5% of the 163,665 inhabitants were Protestant , 5.4% Roman Catholic and 29.1% were non-denominational , belonged to another religious community or did not provide any information. The number of Protestants has fallen since then. As of April 30, 2019, 57.3% (95,474) of the residents were Protestant. In the previous year (as of April 30, 2018), 58.2% (96,921) of the 166,616 inhabitants were Protestant.
politics
District administrators
The following people have been heads of administration since the formation of the district:
- 1970–1987: Klaus Petersen , CDU
- 1987–1993: Lothar Blatt , independent
- 1993–2007: Olaf Bastian , CDU
- 2007: Jörg Friedrich von Sobbe , CDU (provisional)
- 2007–2019: Dieter Harrsen , Voting Community North Friesland (nominated by SPD , SSW and Voting Community North Friesland)
- 2019– : Florian Lorenzen , CDU
District council
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District election for North Friesland on May 6, 2018
with by-election on May 27, 2018 in Amrum % 40 30th 20th 10
0
37.2
19.6
13.8
8.9
7.3
5.0
3.8
2.6
1.9
n. k.
Gains and losses
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| Parties and constituencies | Percent 2018 |
Seats 2018 |
Percent 2013 |
Seats 2013 |
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| CDU | Christian Democratic Union of Germany | 37.2 | 21st | 39.6 | 21st |
| SPD | Social Democratic Party of Germany | 19.6 | 11 | 24.1 | 12 |
| GREEN | Alliance 90 / The Greens | 13.8 | 8th | 9.9 | 5 |
| WGNF | Voting Community North Friesland | 8.9 | 5 | 10.5 | 5 |
| SSW | South Schleswig Association of Voters | 7.3 | 4th | 9.2 | 5 |
| FDP | Free Democratic Party | 5.0 | 3 | 3.7 | 2 |
| AfD | Alternative for Germany | 3.6 | 2 | - | - |
| LEFT | The left | 2.6 | 1 | 1.3 | 1 |
| FUTURE | Future. North Friesland | 1.9 | 1 | - | - |
| PIRATES | Pirate Party Germany | - | - | 1.8 | 1 |
| total | 100 | 56 | 100 | 52 | |
| voter turnout | 51.1% | 51.2% | |||
The political orientation of the district is determined by the district council. The committee is routinely redefined every five years as part of the Schleswig-Holstein local elections. In the current electoral term, the CDU holds 21 of 56 seats, the SPD 11 seats, Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen 8 seats, the WGNF 5 seats, the SSW 4 seats, the FDP 3 seats, the AfD 2 seats, DIE LINKE. and the party Zukunft.NF 1 seat each. The district council actually only has 45 seats, but due to overhang and equalization mandates there are 11 more seats in the current electoral term. The district council member of DIE LINKE has joined the SSW parliamentary group. At the same time, a district council member left the SSW and joined the SPD parliamentary group. Thus the SPD parliamentary group has 12 members in this electoral period, the SSW parliamentary group 4 members. The district council member of Zukunft.NF remains the only one without a party affiliation.
Other important political offices
In the area of the district of North Friesland there have been two constituencies since the state elections in 2012 (previously three). These are the constituencies of Südtondern and Husum. Directly elected MPs are the two CDU MPs Ingbert Liebing (Südtondern) and Klaus Jensen (Husum).
In the Bundestag, the interests of the district are represented by the directly elected MP from constituency 2 (Nordfriesland- Dithmarschen Nord). In the current electoral term, this is Ingbert Liebing ( CDU ). He had a prominent predecessor in Peter Harry Carstensen . This MP from Nordstrand gave up his mandate in favor of his post as prime minister in Schleswig-Holstein.
badges and flags
Blazon : “In blue three golden three-masted ships in the style of the 16th century in the position 2: 1 with golden sails and red pennants; A red mark on each of the main sails (1st plow , 2nd fish , 3rd bull's head ). "
The coat of arms is based with modifications on the historical coat of arms from 1613 of the old district of Eiderstedt. It was created in 1970 when the three districts of Südtondern, Husum and Eiderstedt were merged and is in the Frisian colors blue, gold and red. The three ships symbolize both the Frisian unity and the importance that sea and shipping always had for the district. The plow and bull's head stand for agriculture in a circle, the fish for fishing. The fish and bull's head also come from the Eiderstedter coat of arms. The fish was taken from the Sylt herring , the symbol of the island of Sylt.
Flag : "In the middle of a blue, above and below two narrow stripes, an outer red and an inner golden, bordered field, the three ships of the coat of arms (2: 1), shifted a little towards the pole."
Partnerships
There are no official political partnerships with other circles. For this, a sponsorship is maintained with the Polish regional authorities on the island of Wollin , Cammin and the Netzekreis
economy
In the Future Atlas 2019 , the district of North Friesland was ranked 314 out of 401 districts, municipal associations and urban districts in Germany, making it one of the regions with "slight risks".
Chamber of Commerce and Industry
The Chamber of Commerce and Industry responsible for companies in the district is the Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Flensburg . It is represented in Husum with a local office.
Communities
(Residents on December 31, 2019)
| Municipalities not in office | |
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Offices with official municipalities (* = seat of the official administration)
Political district map
Territorial changes
Communities
The following list contains the communities in the district of North Friesland that were incorporated into other communities after 1970:
| local community | incorporated after |
Date of incorporation |
|---|---|---|
| Augustenkoog | Osterhever | January 1, 2002 |
| Christian-Albrechts-Koog | Galmsbull | 1st February 1974 |
| Emmelsbull | Emmelsbüll-Horsbüll | 1st February 1974 |
| Tightness | Narrow sands | 1st February 1974 |
| Engerheide | Narrow sands | 1st February 1974 |
| Drive often | Dagebüll | January 1, 1978 |
| Hochviöl | Viöl | July 1, 1976 |
| Hollbüllhuus | Schwabstedt | January 1, 1976 |
| Wood field | Stadum | 1st February 1974 |
| Horsbull | Emmelsbüll-Horsbüll | 1st February 1974 |
| Hoxtrup | Viöl | July 1, 1976 |
| Ipernstedt | Rantrum | July 1, 1974 |
| Juliane-Marienkoog | Dagebüll | January 1, 1978 |
| Kating | Toenning | 1st January 1974 |
| Parish Tönning | Toenning | 1st January 1974 |
| Kleiseerkoog | Galmsbull | 1st February 1974 |
| Klintum | leak | 1st January 1974 |
| Knorburg | Narrow sands | 1st February 1974 |
| Lütjenhorn | Eight crew | 1st February 1974 |
| Marienkoog | Galmsbull | 1st February 1974 |
| Easter Schnatebüll | leak | 1st January 1974 |
| Rantum | Sylt | January 1, 2009 |
| Rosendahl | Mildstedt | 1st February 1974 |
| Sands | Narrow sands | 1st February 1974 |
| Schardebull | Narrow sands | 1st February 1974 |
| Schobull | Husum | January 1, 2007 |
| Schwabstedter Westerkoog | Schwabstedt | 1st January 1975 |
| Soholm | Narrow sands | 1st February 1974 |
| Störtewerkerkoog | Stedesand | 1st February 1974 |
| Sylt-East | Sylt | January 1, 2009 |
| Waygaard | Dagebüll | January 1, 1978 |
| Westerland , city | Sylt | January 1, 2009 |
| Wester Schnatebüll | Stedesand | 1st February 1974 |
Offices
- Incorporation of the non-official municipality of List into the Sylt Landscape Office (January 1, 2004)
- Incorporation of the non-official city of Garding into the Eiderstedt office (January 1, 2006)
- Formation of the office of Föhr-Amrum from the dissolved offices of Amrum , Föhr-Land and the previously free city of Wyk auf Föhr (January 1, 2007)
- Formation of the Nordsee-Treene office from the dissolved offices of Friedrichstadt (except for the city of Friedrichstadt , which will become vacant), Hattstedt , Nordstrand and Treene (January 1, 2008)
- Formation of the Südtondern office from the dissolved offices of Bökingharde , Karrharde , Süderlügum and Wiedingharde as well as the previously vacant municipality of Leck and the previously vacant city of Niebüll (January 1, 2008)
- Incorporation of the municipality of Sankt Peter-Ording , which is free of office, into the Eiderstedt office (January 1, 2008)
- Formation of the Central North Friesland Office from the dissolved offices of Bredstedt-Land and Stollberg and the previously free city of Bredstedt (April 1, 2008)
Protected areas
There are 33 designated nature reserves in the district (as of February 2017).
License Plate
With the formation of the new district on April 26, 1970, the distinctive sign NF was assigned. It is still issued today.
See also
literature
- Nordfriisk Instituut (Hrsg.): History of North Friesland . Boyens, Heide 1995, ISBN 3-8042-0759-6 .
- Thomas Steensen (Ed.): The great North Friesland book . Ellert & Richter, Hamburg 2000.
- Thomas Steensen: History of North Frisia from 1918 to the present . Nordfriisk Instituut, Bräist / Bredstedt 2006.
- Thomas Steensen: The district of North Friesland - a historical-cultural portrait. Lecture on the 40th anniversary. In: Nordfriesland, No. 171 (September 2010). Edited by Nordfriisk Instituut. Pp. 10-19.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ North Statistics Office - Population of the municipalities in Schleswig-Holstein 4th quarter 2019 (XLSX file) (update based on the 2011 census) ( help on this ).
- ↑ https://www.ndr.de/nachrichten/schleswig-holstein/Florian-Lorenzen-Der-juengste-Landrat-Deutschlands,lorenzen132.html
- ↑ see also: Bonn-Copenhagen Declarations
- ↑ The map of the Inter-Frisian Council (PDF; 981 kB) illustrates the North Frisian language and settlement area in relation to the boundaries of the North Friesland district.
- ↑ This is a fixed term to designate the Schleswig-Holstein North Sea coast (see also West Coast Motorway or regional Wikipedia group; see also Wikipedia: West Coast )
- ↑ Hartmut Valentin: The coasts of the earth. Contributions to general and regional coastal morphology (= Petermanns geographical messages. Supplement. No. 246, ISSN 0138-3094 ). Perthes, Gotha 1952.
- ↑ a b c Thomas Steensen: North Friesland in the 19th and 20th centuries. In: Nordfriisk Instituut (Hrsg.): Geschichte Nordfrieslands. Heide 1995, pp. 429-435.
- ↑ State Statistical Office Schleswig-Holstein (Ed.): The population of the communities in Schleswig-Holstein 1867-1970 . State Statistical Office Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 1972, p. 21 .
- ↑ Thomas Steensen: 19th and 20th centuries. In: History of North Frisia. 2nd edition, Heide 1996; P. 427.
- ↑ State Statistical Office Schleswig-Holstein (Ed.): The population of the communities in Schleswig-Holstein 1867-1970 . State Statistical Office Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 1972, p. 21 .
- ^ District of North Friesland Religion , 2011 census
- ↑ North Church Statistics, parish members by church district 2000 - 2019 , accessed on August 1, 2020
- ↑ North Church Budget 2019, page 16 , accessed on March 15, 2020
- ^ District of North Friesland: Results of district election 2018 .
- ↑ https://www.shz.de/lokales/husumer-nachrichten/stuehleruecken-und-mehrheitsfindung-id20010467.html
- ↑ a b Schleswig-Holstein's municipal coat of arms .
- ↑ Future Atlas 2019. Retrieved April 28, 2020 .
- ↑ North Statistics Office - Population of the municipalities in Schleswig-Holstein 4th quarter 2019 (XLSX file) (update based on the 2011 census) ( help on this ).
Independent cities: Flensburg | Kiel | Lübeck | Neumunster
Districts: Dithmarschen | Duchy of Lauenburg | North Friesland | Ostholstein | Pinneberg | Plön | Rendsburg-Eckernförde | Schleswig-Flensburg | Segeberg | Stone castle | Stormarn