Muellheim (Baden)

Müllheim station (273 m)
Climate diagram
	Temperature in ° C , precipitation in mm
	Source: [2]

Basic data
State :	Baden-Württemberg
Administrative region :	Freiburg
County :	Breisgau-Upper Black Forest
Height :	267 m above sea level NHN
Area :	57.92 km 2
Residents:	19,127 (Dec. 31, 2018)
Population density :	330 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	79379
Area code :	07631
License plate :	FR
Community key :	08 3 15 074
City structure:	8 districts
; City administration address :	Bismarckstrasse 3 ; 79379 Muellheim
Website :	muellheim.de
Mayor :	Martin Löffler ( SPD )
Location of the city of Müllheim in the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district

"Marktplatz" in the city center

Müllheim ( Alemannisch Mille or Mülle ) is a town in the Markgräflerland in the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald in Baden-Württemberg (Germany).

The name of the city is derived from the Old High German Mulinhaimo ; it has its origin in the multitude of water mills that were along the Klemmbach .

In the state development plan , the city is shown as a medium-sized center.

geography

Jägerhäusle near Müllheim: View from the vines southeast above Müllheim over the city and the Rhine plain

location

The city is located between Freiburg and Basel in the center of the Markgräflerland in the western foothills of the Upper Rhine Valley on the southern Black Forest , a landscape that was already cultivated in Roman times. They were settled on the banks of the Klemmbach shortly after the transition from the Klemmbach and Weiler valley to the Rhine plain below the Blauenmassiv .

Neighboring communities

Neighboring communities of Müllheim are Buggingen in the north, Sulzburg and Münstertal / Black Forest in the northeast, Badenweiler , Kleines Wiesental and Malsburg-Marzell in the southeast, Schliengen in the south, Auggen in the southwest and Neuenburg am Rhein in the west.

expansion

The urban area extends from east to west to 15 kilometers, from north to south it is ten kilometers. The lowest part of the district is located at 230 m above sea level on the western boundary towards the neighboring town of Neuchâtel am Rhein in the Rhine plain, the highest part is 1224 m above sea level on the Sirnitz on the eastern boundary in the southern Black Forest. The area of the community is 57.90 km², of which 16 km² are forest and approx. 5 km² are vines, the rest is made up of meadows, orchards, fields and arable land, industrial and commercial areas and residential areas.

City structure

Core city

The core town of Müllheim belongs to Müllheim as a core city : the city of Müllheim, the homestead Unter den Matten and the residential areas at the train station Müllheim , Sirnitz and Ziegelhütte as well as the abandoned Rosenburg Castle . The (Karl) Richtberg settlement , located south of the K 4946 opposite Müllheim's industrial park west of the B 3 between Müllheim and Neuchâtel, is located in the Auggener district.

Incorporated sub-locations

View of Britzingen with the blue in the background

Church of St. Johannes in Britzingen

Church of St. Jakobus Dattingen

Church in the Feldberg district

Evangelical Katharinenkirche Hügelheim

As localities within the meaning of the Baden-Wuerttemberg municipal code, each with their own local council and local council , the municipalities of Müllheim that were independent and incorporated in the course of the regional reform in Baden-Wuerttemberg in the 1970s belong to the municipality

Britzingen (alem. Britzige ) with the places Dattingen (alem. Dattige ); including the abandoned villages of Höfen and Höhingen and the village of Muggardt ; also the hamlet of Güttigheim (alem. Güttige ); and above Britzingens the Outbound Burg Neuenfels
the village of Feldberg and the hamlets of Gennenbach and Rheintal
the community Hügelheim (alem. Hüegele ) with the residential area at the Hügelheim railway station ; also here the lost moated castle with the Mattenburg estate as well
Niederweiler (alem. Niderwiiler ).
Zunzingen (alem. Zunzige )

The municipality Vögisheim (alem. Veegise ) is a suburb with a local representative .

The village of Oberweiler, located in the Klemmbach valley above Niederweiler, was added to the Badenweiler community as part of the community reform .

coat of arms	District	Population (as of December 2015)
	Müllheim (entire)	18,987
	Core city	12,865
	Britzingen	1,052
	Dattingen	419
	Feldberg	615
	Hill Home	1,371
	Niederweiler	1,391
	Vögisheim	1,018
	Zunzingen	256

Britzingen

Feldberg

On May 1, 1972, the fruit and wine-growing community of Feldberg at the foot of the Blue , first mentioned in a document in 774, with its districts of Gennenbach and Rhine Valley was incorporated into Müllheim. In the Rhine Valley there was a Cistercian monastery until around 1260 , which was then moved to Müllheim. In the 15th century, the relocated women's monastery became a Cistercian priory, which lasted until its dissolution in 1544.

Hill Home

Niederweiler

Vögisheim

Vögisheim Church

Evangelical Church in Zunzingen

On January 1, 1970, Vögisheim was the first municipality to be incorporated into the city of Müllheim. Vögisheim was previously divided by the Rheintalbach (for which there were several names). Within the village it unites with the Zizinger Mattbach , from there it is called Neumattbach . The northeast side of the brook bank belonged to the Badenweiler rule , the southern side to the Sausenberg-Rötteln rule . The brook is almost completely ruined today ; it is only visible in Neumatt and behind the fire station.
Vögisheim was first mentioned in a document in 1395. Older customs are still here today in the form of As the handling of the figure of Hisgiers or Ufertbrut maintained.

Zunzingen

On April 1, 1972, the small wine-growing village of Zunzingen, first mentioned in 799, was incorporated and part of the town of Müllheim.

A large number of customs are still cultivated in Zunzingen today. This is how you celebrate the disc fire at the beginning of each new year. Here you set up several large piles of wood, which are ignited in the evening. With the help of a stick, you shoot glowing wooden discs over wooden ramps into the landscape. Like the carnival, this tradition should drive away the winter.

geology

Müllheim lies in the east with a part in the Black Forest , which forms the rest of an old basement with a gneiss base and granite parts . To the west, the district turns into a hilly terrain with fertile loess- containing soil. The lower parts of the city are in the Rhine plain . There the soil is also loess and becomes more sand and gravel towards the Rhine . Geologically, this is the remnant of a rift valley and a floss area of a river valley. Due to the geological activity during the formation of the rift valley in the upper Rhine Valley and the associated geothermal activity still existing in the soil, several thermal springs are developed in the Markgräflerland , including the one that feeds the Müllheim public outdoor pool, the Warmbach .

climate

Müllheim is climatically favorable in the Markgräflerland with warm air currents from the southwest ( Burgundian gate ); to the east it is shielded from the colder continental climate by the Black Forest . The mild climate allows, among other things, the cultivation of grape varieties such as Gutedel and Burgundy .

Monthly average temperatures and precipitation for the Müllheim station (273 m)

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C )	6.2	7.7	12.3	16.8	20.4	25.3	27.6	27.0	22.2	16.2	10.5	8.0	O	16.7
Min. Temperature (° C)	-0.8	-0.7	1.2	3.8	8.0	12.6	13.8	13.3	9.2	5.8	2.5	0.3	O	5.8
Temperature (° C)	2.7	3.3	6.7	10.4	14.2	19.0	21.3	20.0	15.4	10.7	6.5	4.1	O	11.2

Precipitation ( mm )	61	46	40	71	96	105	88	86	49	54	54	42	Σ	792

Rainy days ( d )	17th	14th	14th	14th	16	13	11	12	10	12	13	14th	Σ	160

Source: [3]

history

After poor settlement due to climatic conditions during the Middle Bronze Age , from 1200 BC A large-scale settlement of the Upper Rhine Plain and the Black Forest foothills took place. In addition to centers such as Breisach and Burkheim , hamlet-like settlements emerged. At the same time there was a profound change in the culture of the dead - corpses were cremated and buried in urns with a few small grave goods . This is where the epoch name Urnenfeldzeit comes from . In 1954, two urn graves from this time were uncovered in the hill home.

Celts

The area was also populated by various Celtic tribes .

Romans

The Roman settlement is through excavations z. B. occupied under the Martinskirche . The Romans conquered the area around AD 70. After that, it was further cultivated under Emperor Titus Flavius Vespasianus - people wanted to be surrounded by the culture they are used to in the occupied territories. Among other things, the place Aqua Villae (Badenweiler) was laid out like a small Roman provincial town. In addition, the vine and wine culture was introduced.

The Celts who previously lived here were assimilated . Settlements and farms, Villa Urbana, were built on the hills . The excavation and reconstruction of one of these can be viewed in the Roman Museum in Heitersheim .

The region has moved soldiers , officers , officials , merchants , landowners and veterans on. The veterans were given land in the conquered areas by the Senate or Emperor for their services. The intention was to romanize this as quickly as possible .

The elevated hill location was chosen on the one hand because of the strategically favorable location with an overview of the Rhine plain, on the other hand for climatic and health aspects. In its time, the Upper Rhine Valley was an extensive floodplain with countless dead arms, lakes and ponds, in the stagnant water of which a variety of insects lived and brooded, which, as they are today, were feared as carriers of pathogens. In addition, the climate was muggy, especially in summer in the Rhine valley.

Alemanni

From 230 onwards, Germanic tribes broke through the Limes . The Alemanni conquered the southern right bank of the Rhine. The Romans withdrew to the left bank of the Rhine, behind the Danube-Iller-Rhein-Limes . Many Roman buildings have been destroyed and have been forgotten. Initially, the new rulers did not believe in Roman culture. The buildings were demolished and mostly used as a quarry. Later the Alamanni built hilltop castles . They were used to monitor and protect the area. Later manors and administration based on the Roman model were built. After 455, the Alamanni expanded from here across the Rhine into the neighboring, still Roman province of Gaul . From 496 to 507 they waged war with the Franks .

Between October 9, 804 and October 8, 805 (in the 37th year of King Karl), the place Müllheim (Mulinheim / Br.) Is named in a document in the Lorsch Codex through a gift from Dithleich and his wife Wolfgart .

Franconians and Merovingians

In the decisive defeat of the Alamanni at Zülpich against the Frankish King Clovis I , the Alamannic area fell to the Franconian Empire of the Merovingians . Franconian nobles took control of the Markgräflerland.

Ceramics from the Merovingian period have been found during excavations , and several grave fields from this time are registered in the city.

On October 27, 758, the Franconian Strachfried gave the place, called villa mulinhaimo (Müllheim), to the St. Gallen monastery . This is mentioned in the deed of donation there. Between 900 and 955 the Hungarians invaded the area with devastation and looting. After that, the area was administered by Gaugrafen , which the emperor appointed. In 962, Emperor Otto I von Guntram , a renegade count of the Breisgau, confiscated areas in the Markgräflerland. The emperor bequeathed it to Bishop Konrad from Constance , a Guelph . This put a for his possessions fiefdom - Meier one. This also acted as Vogt for the administration.

After the death of Bishop Konrad in 975, the cathedral provosts took over his territory. At that time they were called Dompropsteigüter.

Zähringer, Staufer, Rötteln and Sausenberg

In the 11th century the dukes of Zähringen , who came from northern Swabia , conquered many areas, including in the Markgräflerland. The best known among them was Berthold II of Zähringen, who ruled from 1078 to 1111 . From 1075 to 1122, among other things, the investiture controversy took place. Because the Zähringer were on the victorious papal side, they came to many monastic and secular possessions of the losers in this area. 1112 the "family of those von Müllen" ( Müllenheim ) was mentioned in the documents of St. Peter , the ancestral monastery of the Zähringer. The Zähringer rule of Badenweiler, u. a. with Müllheim and other places became dowry mass; it was bequeathed in 1147 as a dowry for Princess Clementine von Zähringen to Heinrich the Lion , a Welf prince. At the urging of Emperor Friedrich I Barbarossa , Heinrich the Lion had to exchange these areas for possessions in the Harz Mountains in 1157 . The former Zähringen rule of Badenweiler came into the hands of the Hohenstaufers . These created connections from here to their possessions in neighboring Alsace . The Zähringers did not like this, so they founded the city of Neuchâtel on the Rhine in 1175. With this they secured the Rhine crossing into Alsace. Now they could take tribute from the strange users. After the Zähringers died out, their property here came to the Counts of Freiburg in 1218 . At the beginning of the 13th century, Neuenfels Castle above Britzingen was mentioned as the ancestral seat of the von Neuenfels knight family , at that time "de Nuwenfels" . In 1238 the Erngupfe was mentioned as the uppermost watermill in the valley; it was close to today's restored Frickmühle. The construction of the Margarethenkirche in Untermüllheim was mentioned around 1256. Martinskirche was built around 1266 on the foundations of an early Christian church and a Roman villa. After the end of the Hohenstaufer family in Germany , their property in Badenweiler, including Müllheim, passed to the Counts of Freiburg in 1268. In 1272 Konrad I died a son of Eginos I , Count of Freiburg. Under the successor of Conrad I, Count Egino II , the area was divided. Heinrich, a son of Eginos II of Freiburg, received the southern areas with the rule of Badenweiler. The Counts of Freiburg died out in 1303 without male descendants. Their territory went to the Counts of Strassberg . These had married into this line and were from near today's Neuchâtel in Switzerland. Through this the rafter came into the coat of arms of Müllheim and many places under their rule. Since 1307 the Lords of Neuenfels exercised various functions. You were u. a. active as Burgvögte under the rule of Badenweiler. In addition, as mayor of Neuchâtel am Rhein and as judge and priest. One of them was the governor of Rötteln Castle , another was the abbot of St. Trudpert , the monastery in the Münstertal . In 1363, the Counts of Fürstenberg near Donaueschingen took over the rule of Badenweiler from the now extinct Counts of Straßberg. But after a short time this fell back to the Counts of Freiburg under Egino III. back. Due to the debts of these counts, ownership changed more and more often, including for a short time to the Habsburgs. These had to return the property to Count Konrad III in 1418 after the Council of Constance . return from Freiburg. The successors of Conrad III. held the property until they died out in 1444.

Margraviate of Baden

Map of the southern part of the margraviate around 1556

Johann, the last of the Counts of Freiburg, ceded the rule of Badenweiler in 1444 to the brothers Rudolf IV and Hugo, the Margrave of Hachberg-Sausenberg . The Markgräflerland was created on September 8, 1444 through the amalgamation of the dominions of Rötteln , Sausenberg and Badenweiler. In 1490, Margrave Philipp von Hachberg-Sausenberg signed a contract of inheritance with Margrave Christoph I of Baden about the whereabouts of the Markgräflerland after his death. After the death of Philip von Hachberg-Sausenberg in 1503, the Markgräflerland came under Christoph I von Baden to the Margraviate of Baden . At the beginning of the 16th century, Baroness Elisabeth von Neuenfels donated an oak forest to the town of Britzingen from the possession of her ancestral home in Neuenfels. A few decades ago, the last Markgräfler coopers tied their barrels from this wood .

The peasant wars raged in this area in 1525, and the Markgräflerland was not spared. After the rebellious peasants lost the war, every house in the margraviate had to pay 5 guilders to the margrave as compensation. In 1550 there was a terrible murder of the family of the knight Christoph von Neuenfels and his servants. The Neuenfels Castle of the same name on the heights of Britzingen has not been inhabited since then and fell into disrepair. On June 1, 1556, the margrave and with it his subjects joined the Reformation. The Markgräflerland finally referred to all Protestant villages on the right bank of the Rhine on the western slope of the Black Forest between Freiburg and Basel. When the Gersbach (Schopfheim) district was acquired from Catholic Front Austria , the population therefore had to switch to the Protestant denomination.

From 1618 to 1648 the Thirty Years War raged in this area. It was crossed alternately by the Swedish, the imperial and the French troops, various auxiliary armies and marauding soldiers, plundering and murdering. The population loss was enormous and was replenished by the influx of immigrants from the Confederation. Around 1618 there was a community room on the market square, which was demolished in 1758. After that, today's Hotel Stadthaus was the municipal administration until 1867. From 1672 to 1679 it was the Dutch War . French troops moved into the Markgräflerland and demanded high fees in terms of feed and money. On June 8th, 1677 z. B. Seefelden, district of Buggingen, a Markgräfler place plundered. During the Dutch War in 1678 the castles of Rötteln, Sausenburg and Badenweiler were destroyed by the army of the French Marshal Crecque. These were no longer built up afterwards.

From 1689 to 1697 there was a War of Palatinate Succession . The same thing happened to the advancing imperial troops, which the French threw back. After that, the previously French-occupied territories came back to the Reich. In 1698 the place received market rights . From 1701 to 1714 was the War of the Spanish Succession . The Markgräflerland was ravaged with looting and requisitions in 1702. The construction of the bath house at the Sprengenmühle am Warmbach is mentioned around 1718. Müllheim has had a Jewish community since 1720. In 1727 the seat of the margraves was relocated from Badenweiler to Müllheim to the official building that still exists there today. Ober- and Untermüllheim were merged. From 1733 to 1738 was the War of the Polish Succession and from 1740 to 1746 the War of the Austrian Succession . Both wars took tribute during the renewed French occupation. Even if to a lesser extent in the towns of the Markgräflerland. From 1746 onwards, the Markgräflerland and Müllheim were without an occupation and were ruled again by Baden-Durlach and his margrave Karl-Friedrich . The synagogue was built in 1754 and the Jewish community was looked after by the Sulzburg rabbinate. Margrave Karl-Friedrich abolished serfdom in his area in 1783 and promoted viticulture in Markgräflerland. The French Wars took place from 1791 to 1815 . Napoléon I conquered the areas on the right bank of the Rhine with the Markgräflerland and also Müllheim. During this time the many small ecclesiastical and secular possessions in this area were dissolved and swallowed up by the formation of new states.

Grand Duchy of Baden

In 1806 the Markgräflerland and thus Müllheim became part of the Grand Duchy of Baden and from then on no longer had any political significance, which did not detract from the subsequent cultural and economic development. Because in 1810 the Grand Duke of Baden, Karl Friedrich , elevated the former market town to a town. The first elections to the Baden state parliament took place in the Grand Duchy of Baden and in Müllheim in 1819. At that time, only men aged 25 and over were eligible to vote. Müllheim was affected by martial law imposed on this area in 1848. Because of the uprising of the Baden revolutionary Friedrich Hecker , the city had to provide men for the government troops. In February 1850 a German parliament was elected in Erfurt according to the three-class suffrage. The city of Müllheim had to provide men again. This time for the Baden regiments on the side of the Federal Army and Austria . They fought in the Austro-Prussian War in 1866 . After the victory of the Prussians, the North German Confederation took over the leadership in Germany. In 1867 a new town hall in the Florentine style was built on Werderstraße, which is now the land registry. The citizens of Müllheim took part in the election for the German Customs Parliament in 1868 . Like the citizens from other places, a majority of them voted for Baden to join the North German Confederation. So the Grand Duchy came into this league this year. From which, after the Franco-Prussian War won in 1871 , the German Empire was founded under Prussia's leadership.

German Empire

In 1872 the Müllheim wine market, the oldest wine market in Baden and a special market for Markgräfler wines, took place for the first time.
In 1876 the Protestant town church was built in neo-Gothic style; 1878 the Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in the neo-Romanesque style.
In 1893 the thermal open-air pool was built on Warmbach near the former explosive mill and the old bath house; it has meanwhile become the municipal outdoor swimming pool.
On February 15, 1896, the "Bähnli" ( streetcar ) drove from the Müllheim train station to Badenweiler for the first time ; it was pulled by a steam locomotive until 1914, then by an electric locomotive until the end of the line on May 21, 1955.
In 1906 Müllheim was a garrison town : it was an artillery - and one infantry - barracks built after the plans for a fortress had been dropped for cost reasons. From 1914 to 1918, men from Müllheim also had to move into the First World War . The city also had to deliver essential warfare goods; everyday items were rationed.

Weimar Republic

In 1919, with the end of the monarchy in Germany, the Weimar Republic came into being .

After the First World War , the city was in the demilitarized zone along the Rhine, the barracks buildings were given over to civilian use. As everywhere else, there was shortage and hunger during inflation and later during the Great Depression.

time of the nationalsocialism

From 1933, Müllheim was part of the German Reich . The demilitarized zone on the Rhine was occupied by the Wehrmacht in 1935 . She made Müllheim a garrison location again and built a new barracks on the north-west corner of the city, which was named after Georg Teschner . When the construction of the west wall began in 1938 , men from Müllheim were also obliged to build it.

Second World War

Mid-August 1938 move soldiers from the garrison in Müllheimer am Rhein established Westwall - Bunker one. At the end of August, many citizens received a presentation order . On August 27th, the " Landwehr " marched through Müllheim from the northeastern neighboring Sulzburg .

After the Second World War, which began with the attack on Poland on September 1, 1939, and France and Great Britain declared war on Germany, a “ red zone ” was defined and cleared from the Rhine to the border with France . Trains filled with refugees drove towards Lake Constance . This was followed, among other things, by bombing and low-flying attacks on the city. With the beginning of the western campaign and the subsequent bombardment of French artillery from Alsace , which is adjacent to the west of the Rhine , the region became a combat zone.

The November pogroms in 1938 were particularly cruel in Müllheim. After the survivors had fled, there were no more Jews living in the city at the time of the “ Wagner-Bürckel Action ” on October 22, 1940.

In 1944, in the wake of Hitler's declaration of the " total war ", the situation in the city worsened. All men between the ages of 16 and 65 were drafted into the Wehrmacht, all women between the ages of 17 and 50 were assigned to " war-related services " (e.g. entrenchment work at Bantzenheim in Alsace , later at Neuenburg am Rhein , Auggen and Vögisheim ). At the end of November, Muellheim was bombarded by French artillery for several days and the population first evacuated to the Klemmbach valley and the surrounding area and to Lake Constance.

At the beginning of March 1945 all local authorities were relocated to Badenweiler . The station was bombed on April 22nd. On April 23, 1945, the Wehrmacht artillery shelled the city as they retreated. Several houses were damaged again, and people were killed and injured. Towards evening the deputy mayor H. Ruprecht handed over the city to avoid further damage without a fight. With the invasion of the French 23rd Colonial Infantry Regiment under Colonel Landouzi, the Second World War came to an end. A total of 247 people were registered as fallen , missing or "civilian dead ".

Forced labor

During the Second World War, around 780 civilians from various nations were abducted and forced into forced labor in the Müllheim area .

Julian Garlewicz

In today's central cemetery of the city in the Niederweiler suburb , on the north-east wall of the old village cemetery above some children's graves, there is a memorial plaque commemorating the murder of the Polish slave laborer Julian Garlewicz on November 13, 1942: He was found in a quarry at the age of 27 southern edge of Niederweiler hanged without due process and relevant charges.

French administrative area

In the area liberated by them, the French formed an occupation zone with headquarters in Karlsruhe , which was later moved to Freiburg. From there the new government and the state of Baden were formed.

On site, the French army occupied the Georg Teschner barracks (from now on Quartier Turenne after the French military leader and Marshal of France Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, vicomte de Turenne , 1611–1675) and the others previously used by the Wehrmacht Building; The barracks were renamed the Robert Schuman barracks in 1993 as the headquarters of the brigade staff and a Franco-German supply battalion of the Franco-German Brigade .

Federal Republic

In 1949, Müllheim became part of the newly founded Federal Republic of Germany ; In 1953, the new federal state of Baden-Württemberg was founded from the areas of Baden and Württemberg-Hohenzollern , which had been under French administration since the end of World War II, together with the Wuerttemberg-Baden region under American administration . After the district reform in 1973, the northern part of the district of Müllheim and the city came to the newly founded district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald , the southern communities came to the district of Lörrach . In that year, the city administration also moved from the Blankenhorn-Palais on the market square to the new district office building, and the new district hospital was opened.

Until January 1, 1973, Müllheim was the seat of the district of the same name , which was dissolved in the course of local government reform. To compensate for this, the municipal administration association of Müllheim-Badenweiler was founded, which performs the tasks of the lower administrative authority. In addition to Müllheim and Badenweiler, members here are the communities of Sulzburg , Auggen and Buggingen .

Religions

Klemmbach , behind it the Martinskirche

Denomination statistics

According to the 2011 census , the majority of the population was 42.4% Protestant , 25.0% Roman Catholic and 32.6% were non-denominational , belonged to another religious community or did not provide any information. As of December 31, 2016, 7,155 (37.3%) of the 19,176 inhabitants were Protestant, 4,593 (24.0%) were Roman Catholic and 7,428 (38.7%) were non-denominational or belonged to another religious community. The number of Protestants and Catholics has therefore decreased in the observed period.

Christianity

While the former Baden was predominantly Catholic (see denomination in Baden in the 19th century ), Müllheim, like the other larger cities apart from Freiburg, was one of the six administrative districts of Baden, the majority of which were Protestant .

In the city there were a Protestant and a Catholic church as well as churches and meeting rooms of the Christian Community , the Free Christian Community (Protestant Free Church), a free Protestant community and Jehovah's Witnesses .

Former Jewish community

The first Jewish families settled in Müllheim in 1716 as " Protector Jews " of Margrave Karl Wilhelm von Baden-Durlach . The " Mikwe " (today Hauptstrasse 94 ), built in the " Mühlenmatten " after 1729, was rebuilt in 1871 as the "Frauenbad"; a classroom for a Jewish school (“cheder”) and a first “ prayer room ” were located in the house of a Zivi family in today's 115 main street .

The economic basis of most of the Jewish families in Müllheim was the cattle trade . In 1809 the " Baden Jewish edict " was issued; In 1871 Jewish citizens had a share of 12.8% of the Müllheim population; In the course of the full " equality " granted in 1862 and the associated freedom of establishment and travel , their number was reduced by moving (" rural exodus "), especially to neighboring cities such as Freiburg , Basel and Zurich, from 422 (1864) to 209 (1905) ), a share of 6.6%. According to Berthold Rosenthal, anti-Semitism was also rampant in the almost purely Protestant communities of Bretten , Heidelberg , Karlsruhe and Müllheim since the 1880s .

In September 1933, massive anti-Semitic activities by the National Socialists began in Müllheim , which also culminated in the November pogroms in 1938 ; In 1941 the Israelite community in Müllheim was dissolved.

Old synagogue

The old synagogue of Müllheim (approx. 1895)

Memorial in the form of two stone walls of the former synagogue with a memorial stele in the form of a stylized seven-armed chandelier ( menorah ), July 2011

In December 1753, the then margravial government in Karlsruhe asked for permission to build a synagogue in place of the prayer house previously run in a private house. In early 1754, permission was given for an extension to the private house at 115 Hauptstrasse. In June 1798, the “ Grien ”(on the“ Dorf-Straß ”, also today's main street ), a plot of land for a new building was acquired - for 1,650 guilders , in 1852 another, more stately new building was built here for 12,000 guilders. The inscription above the entrance read (translated from Hebrew ): “ Here is nothing but God's house ”.

This building was like many other synagogues in Germany after Kristallnacht on November 9, 1938 by a Nazi-dominated mob attacked: On November 10, the interior of telephone instructions was Gau - to the local Nazi district administration completely destroyed, the synagogue but not lit for fear of the surrounding buildings. Massive tombstones were overturned in the Jewish cemetery. The day before, the shops and apartments of an estimated 42 Jewish families still living in the city had already been attacked as part of the “Jewish terror” ordered by the local NSDAP district leader Grüner; on November 10th, almost all of them were destroyed, their owners and residents arrested and deported in October 1940 as part of the Wagner-Bürckel campaign . The background to this was the assassination of the German embassy counselor Ernst Eduard vom Rath by Herschel Grynszpan on November 7, 1938 in Paris with the nationwide retaliatory actions ordered by the Nazis in Berlin.

After the dissolution of the local Israelite community, the city acquired the remains of its synagogue and the Jewish cemetery for 1,300 Reichsmarks (around 5,021 euros in 2015 ).

A memorial stele in a corner of the parking lot erected here reminds of the church today : in 1968 the building that remained in the possession of the city was completely demolished without objection by the Upper Council of the Israelites Baden in 1968 and taken in its place in 1973 Building of the parking lot found stones of the synagogue erected the memorial for the former Jewish fellow citizens of Müllheim.

Jewish Cemetery

Since 1851, the now more than 70 Jewish families of Müllheim had their own burial place in the then undeveloped " Nussbaumboden " after they had buried their dead in Sulzburg's Jewish cemetery about 10 km away from 1717 ; The last Jewish burial took place in Müllheim in 1938.

Since 1987, the citizens of the Muellheim Jewish Cemetery have been commemorating the Jewish families who lived there before the expulsion and extermination during National Socialism with a memorial site (design: Konrad Sage ) . A sculpture of ideas made from relics from the former synagogue commemorates the victims of the Shoah , 45 of whom are named here.

Stumbling blocks

On April 8, 2006, at the initiative of senior teacher Christina Behrens, in a project of the history course WG 12 at the local business school, the first Müllheim stumbling blocks made of brass from Gunter Demnig's European art project were placed in the respective pavement at the corresponding points on the streets and alleys of the city let in. As in many other places in Germany and Europe, they serve as a reminder of the places of residence of the former Jews (and other parts) who lived in the city but were expelled or deported and killed by the National Socialists in the context of the deportation of Jews from southwest Germany in 1940 the) population of Müllheim.

politics

Municipal council

The Müllheim municipal council has been elected by secret ballot since 1841.

From 1877 to 1897 its number was fixed at eight, later to nine due to the growth of the city, and to ten from 1903 to 1933. From there on he had six members plus five of the extended parish council advising on welfare guidelines. From 1938 the term councilors (six) appeared, to which two, later three aldermen came.

In 1945 an advisory committee set up by the occupying power of France with eight members and two respondents replaced the disbanded municipal council, and towards the end of the year the municipal council committee appointed by the military governor and appointed by the district administrator met (eight members and one each for housing and technical matters).

In September 1946, this committee was replaced by a municipal council with eight members, in whose election the political parties that had since been re-established had taken part. The mayor and initially an alderman were elected from among its members. From 1949 the councils were called town councils, there were six until 1953, ten until 1956 and sixteen since 1970.

1955 to 1975 the rolling system was used in the municipal council elections, in which only half of the councils were newly elected (with the intention of ensuring continuity in the municipal council work).

From 1971 the number of city councils grew continuously due to the incorporation of the suburbs to 27 (1987).

The local elections in recent years have led to the following results:

	June 12, 1994			October 24, 1999		June 13, 2004		June 7, 2009		May 25, 2014		May 26, 2019
Party / list	%	Seats	±	%	Seats	%	Seats	%	Seats	%	Seats	%	Seats
CDU	34.5	10	- 2nd		14th	37.9	11	34.9	9	34.6	9	30.3	7th
FWG	24.9	7th	0		7th	23.4	6th	29.9	7th	24.6	6th	28.0	7th
SPD	25.1	7th	- 1		5	17.3	5	18.5	4th	18.7	5	12.7	3
ALM ^* (from 2014: "ALM / Greens ")	25.6	4th	+ 1		2	14.3	4th	17.7	4th	22nd	5	29.0	7th
MiAU ^**					3	7.1	2
"Independent initiative for more democracy"					1
Total number of seats		28			32		28		24		25th		24
voter turnout										48.7%		57.9%

^* Alternative list Müllheim ^** 1999: "Müllheim im Aufwind"; 2004: "Müllheim Innovativ Aktiv Independent"

The vastly different number of seats is mainly due to the creation of overhang and compensation mandates when using the d'Hondt vote counting method.

Using the false choice of suburbs, the suburbs are guaranteed a certain number of seats in the newly elected council, depending on their size. These are filled by candidates in the order of the most votes they have received in the respective district.

mayor

Muellheim Town Hall

(each taking office until 1971)

January 23, 2020: Martin Löffler
January 11, 2012: Astrid Siemes-Knoblich. Due to a lawsuit against her application for election after a rejected election challenge, initially only as administrative administrator ; after its suppression, legally valid from February 28, 2012.
December 1, 2003: René Alexander Lohs
1971: Hanspeter singer
1953: Erich Graf
1945: Fritz Hack
1945, first months of the occupation: Hermann Glasstetter, Fritz Gallinger
1942: Hermann Ruprecht (deputy)
1919: Arthur Hämmerlin (transfer to civil service)
1900: Karl Nikolaus
1891: Ernst Blankenhorn
1883: Johannes Bär

coat of arms

Blazon : "In a divided shield above in red a gold post, covered with three black rafters, below in blue next to each other the right half of a silver mill wheel and a waning silver moon."

Town twinning

Gray ( Haute-Saône department in France) (since June 2, 1985)
Ledro and the valley community of Alto Garda e Ledro in northern Italy (since May 5, 1991)
Hohen Neuendorf in Brandenburg (since 1992)
Vevey (German Vivis) in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland (since October 3, 1998)

Culture and sights

All districts like the core city have a lively club life in common. With that in former Park family Blankenhorn built, in 1976, inaugurated with an architectural prize winning community center , the city can offer a venue for events of different sizes and events for up to 850 people; with the Markgräfler Lichtspieltheater , the city is the seat of the main cinema of the cinemas in Markgräfler Land .

Museums, memorials

Old main cemetery

On the day of popular mourning in 1960, a memorial was inaugurated in the city's old main cemetery to commemorate those who died in the two world wars and the victims of all tyranny. The design came from a former student of today's Markgräfler Gymnasium , Dieter Koch . At the highest point of the parabolic arch chosen as a symbol for a gate to eternity, the Margaret bell was hung, which was made in 1691 (cast date of the bell casting ) for the former St. Margaret's Chapel and is therefore one of the oldest cultural testimonies of Müllheim.

Markgräfler Museum

Markgräfler Museum Blankenhorn-Palais (view from the market square)

Mill Museum

The Markgräfler Museum is located in the building of the former Gasthaus zur Krone , built around 1780 in the classicism style , also known as the Blankenhorn Palais . For a while, the building served as Müllheim's town hall, since 1979, on the initiative of the Müllheim Museum Association , it has housed a regional historical collection with archaeological finds from prehistory and early history as well as Roman , Alemannic and Franconian settlements. On the first floor there are several rooms with original furnishings for upper -class and urban living in the 18th and 19th centuries, including the study of the wine-growing pioneer Adolph Blankenhorn, who was born in Müllheim . The history of viticulture in the Markgräflerland is depicted in the vaulted cellar . Further departments are devoted to the city's history, the historical change in the course of industrialization and the mills that gave the city its name. The former dance hall of the inn is now used as a gallery in the museum for changing exhibitions of works by contemporary artists from the region.

Mill museum Frickmühle

The mill museum is located as a branch of the Markgräfler Museum in the Frickmühle in the building of the former flour mill of the Frick family. It used to be operated with the water of the Klemmbach via a mill canal that is now lost .

Other structures

Martinskirche from the west

Protestant church

Sacred Heart Church

Martinskirche

The tower of the early church dates from the 14th century, the church building was built on the remains of a Roman villa rustica . Excavations inside the church brought to light the remains of Roman underfloor heating . The now secularized church building now serves as a space for cultural events such as concerts and exhibitions.

Protestant church

The church on Werderstrasse, built in neo-Gothic style from red sandstone, was inaugurated in 1881. Before the church was built, the Martinskirche served as a place of worship for the evangelical community. Typical of the 19th century, the church shows features of a medieval style, such as the pointed arches above the main portal and above the windows, the ribbed vault in the choir and in the central nave. There are galleries along the entire length of the side aisles and a raised organ gallery above the main entrance. At the main portal there is a relief showing Christ between the labored and the laden. Members of the well-known Müllheim Blankenhorn family donated the south-facing choir windows. The organ with 47 registers dates from 1966, it was completely overhauled in 1996. The ringing with four bells has existed since 1949; earlier bells were melted down in the First and Second World Wars.

Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus

After Catholics were allowed to settle in Müllheim from 1840 onwards, a Catholic pastoral care center was set up as early as 1850, which was looked after from Neuchâtel . Services initially took place in the Margarethen Chapel (today an Evangelical Lutheran parish). The Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus was built in the neo-Romanesque style between 1876 and 1878 and was consecrated on September 29, 1878. While the external appearance of the church has remained largely unchanged to this day, the interior has undergone several fundamental redesigns. In 1955/57, when war damage was repaired, the neo-Romanesque wall paintings were removed and the frescoes on the side altars were walled up, as they no longer corresponded to the taste of the time. In an extensive renovation 1975/77, the interior of the church acquired its present appearance with the modern, the needs of the post-conciliar liturgy adapted equipment and installation of the chancel (artistic design by Josef Henger , Ravensburg), a new organ loft, new floor and new pews. The new church window was designed by the Freiburg painter Hans-Günther van Look . In 2006, all that was necessary was to repaint and overhaul the lighting and sound technology. The organ with 27 registers on three manuals and pedal still consists of the original instrument from 1879 from the workshop of Martin and Michael Braun in Hofen near Spaichingen, overhauled in 1976/77 by Orgelbau Pfaff in Überlingen and expanded with a Rückpositiv and a new console . The ringing of four church bells from 1949 sounds in the tones f'-as'-b'-des ", a combination of the Te-Deum and the Gloria motif. Due to the lack of real bronze in the post-war years, it was called" Briloner Special bronze ".

Office building of the bailiwick of Badenweiler

Office building , former forestry office, today the seat of the municipal traffic office

The baroque building was built from 1727 to 1729. After the Baden Castle in Badenweiler was destroyed in 1684 during the War of the Spanish Succession , it became the new administrative seat for the Bailiwick of Badenweiler, and later until the end of the First World War the administrative seat of the Grand Ducal Baden District Office. During the Baden Revolution in 1848, the coat of arms above the entrance door was knocked off, but quickly replaced after the revolution was put down.

With the proclamation of the Republic of Baden in November 1918 and the abdication of Grand Duke Friedrich II , the property was transferred to the state of Baden . It served as the seat of the lower administrative authority (district office Müllheim). It survived an administrative reform in 1924 unharmed, in contrast to, for example, the Breisach district office, which was dissolved and whose communities were assigned to the Freiburg and Emmendingen district offices. The only change was that the "Oberamtmann" was now called "District Administrator".

After the Second World War , the district office of the former district of Müllheim was housed in the building.

After its dissolution in 1972, the state forestry office in Müllheim moved into the building. After the implementation of the administrative reform of January 1, 2005 and the departure of the forest administration, the city acquired the building from the country. As an office building , it has housed the tourist information office since 2006 .

Neuenfels castle ruins

The Neuenfels castle ruin is located in a forest on the suburb of Britzingen at 595 meters above sea level. It is the remains of a medieval castle . The ruins offer a good view of the oak forest, the Rhine plain and the surrounding vineyards.

regional customs

Müllheim City Festival

Müllheim is the seat of the Muettersproch Society for the maintenance of the Alemannic language ; the dialect of the Müllheim area, like Swiss German, is part of High Alemannic and has many similarities with Basel German .

Known beyond the borders of the Markgräflerland are the annual disc or carnival bonfires with the disc slamming that take place here as well as in many neighboring communities , usually on Saturday or Sunday evening after Ash Wednesday .

Regular events

Müllheimer Weinmarkt , annually since 1872, Baden's oldest wine market and special market for Markgräfler wines
City festival , on the last weekend in June, since 1971 in the pedestrian zone as well as adjacent alleys and courtyards
Fair , early November.

Sports

The Schützengesellschaft Müllheim is an association with more than 450 years of tradition. It is one of the most successful shooting clubs in Breisgau and southern Baden. The world champion from 1939 Walter Gehmann was a member and honorary member of SG Müllheim for many years. Ralf Barkow was a member of the national team in the 1980s. In 2003 Dieter Schweinlin won the 50 m running target and Dr. Rainer Nusser 2016 with the Zimmerstutzen German Champion.

Economy and Infrastructure

education

As a school location, Müllheim is home to several general and vocational schools, e.g. B.

the Markgräfler Gymnasium Müllheim , well-known students z. B. Ursula Bassler , from January 2019 Chairwoman of the Board of Directors of the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Philipp Rauenbusch , former bassist of the German rock band Reamonn or Josefine Schlumberger , 2015/16 67th German Wine Queen ,
the Alemannic secondary school ,
the Adolph Blankenhorn - Hauptschule with Werkrealschule
the Michael Friedrich Wild - as well as the Rosenburg elementary school , the elementary school Britzingen as an external location of the elementary school Buggingen and
the municipal music school .

The district is responsible for the vocational schools . The Georg Kerschensteiner School combines a commercial, home and agricultural school, a social science grammar school and a technical grammar school under one roof . In addition to some commercial professions, the commercial schools in Müllheim offer a two-year vocational school for business, vocational colleges I and II, as well as a business high school with an international high school diploma (since the 2011/2012 school year). The district is also the sponsor of the Albert Julius Sievert - special needs and language healing school in the special needs education center with an attached school kindergarten for speech impaired people.

The free Waldorf School Markgräflerland, the nursing school of the Helios Klinik Müllheim, the private school for educational assistance of the Protestant youth welfare Kirschbäumleboden eGmbH and the workshop school Müllheim, a vocational school, are also part of the school offer.

Garrison town

Robert Schuman Barracks : headquarters of the Franco-German Brigade

As early as 1901, Müllheim became a " garrison town "; the erections of artillery - and infantry - barracks in today's city center before the First World War had a decisive influence on the development of the community: On October 1, 1906, the first referring battalion of . Hohenzollern Fußartillerieregiments No. 13 the new garrison, 1907 followed the 2nd / 7th Baden Infantry Regiment No. 142 . During the First World War, Müllheim was home to various command posts, including A. the then " Army High Command ".

At the end of the war in 1919, the first garrison in Müllheim was dissolved, after its conversion (the conversion of previously military buildings into civil use, the buildings formerly used for military purposes now accommodate, among other things, part of the municipal and the Freiburg-Land tax office , social housing, the Markgräfler Gymnasium , the Waldorf school Markgräflerland and the local police) built the Wehrmacht on the carried out in August 1936 in Berlin decision of the national government on the northwest corner of the city in Won mustard floor above the present Federal Highway 3 , the Georg-Teschner army barracks : here tugged on July 1, 1938 the "Machine Gun Battalion No. 4".

The facilities used after 1945 by a tank and artillery division of the French army (now Quartier Turenne after the French military leader and Marshal of France Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, vicomte de Turenne , 1611–1675) accommodate in today's Robert-Schuman - barracks since 1992 the brigade - rod and the supply battalion of the Franco-German Brigade ; This makes it the only barracks in Germany that bears the name of a "foreign" politician.

The long history of the city through military use resulted in a corresponding civic and civil society engagement. B. by founding the "Friedensrat Markgräflerland".

media

The daily newspapers include the Badische Zeitung with its own local edition and Die Oberbadische with a local page providing daily information on current national and local events; As a weekly newspaper on the Upper Rhine , a local edition of the ReblandKurier of the weekly newspapers am Oberrheim Verlags-GmbH (WZO) is distributed and displayed free of charge on Wednesdays . On Sundays the newspaper Der Sonntag is distributed free of charge to all households in a regional edition of Markgräflerland .

Public facilities

care

In 2009, Stadtwerke Müllheim - Staufen started operations. They emerged from the merger of the Müllheim water supply with the Staufen municipal utility and supply water, gas and electricity. The city of Müllheim is still responsible for waste water disposal.

Authorities and courts

Müllheim has been the seat of authorities and administrations since the relocation of the Bailiwick of Badenweiler in 1727. The occasion was the destruction of Baden Castle in Badenweiler in 1684 during the Dutch War .

There is a police station and a tax office in Müllheim . The city is home to a branch of the district office of the district of Breisgau - Hochschwarzwald (including a branch of the health department and the vehicle registration office) as well as a branch of the state surveying office Freiburg and the employment agency Freiburg. The Institute for Environmentally Friendly Land Management (IFUL), a department subordinate to the Ministry for Food and Rural Areas Baden-Württemberg , is also based in Müllheim. Furthermore, the city is the seat of the church district of Müllheim of the Evangelical Church in Baden . The district media center was closed in 2004. The 160-year history of the State Forestry Office (founded in 1844 as the Grand Ducal District Forestry Department in Müllheim ) came to an end with an administrative reform on January 1, 2005 .

The city is the seat of the district court of Müllheim .

The associated youth detention center (JAA) with the last 16 to 20 seats and modellhaftem juvenile justice - prison was closed at the end of September 2010; was also closed together with the JAA Wiesloch in the previous, for refurbished over one million Euro correctional (prison) Rastatt merged with a capacity of 50 to 60 spots.

clinic

Old hospital on the main street

Helios Clinic

Müllheim has been a hospital location for a long time: from 1946 to 1947, the city hospital was built in place of a tithe barn , and it was used as such until 1958. From 1974 to 2007 the building ("Altes Spital") served, among other things, as a youth center ; meanwhile gastronomic operation.

Today Müllheim is the seat of one of the Helios clinics of the Fresenius Group . Your new building was moved in 2005 as a replacement for the former district hospital in Müllheim and houses departments for internal medicine , geriatrics , surgery , gynecology and obstetrics , anesthesia and three specialist departments: urology , ear, nose and throat (ENT) and ophthalmology . It also acts as a regional local stroke unit and has been an academic teaching hospital at the University of Freiburg since 2010 .

From autumn 2011 to August 2012 the buildings of the former district hospital and the nurses' home built with it were demolished. In July 2013, the city administration had already received several building applications for apartment buildings. The crèche was opened in April 2015, the groundbreaking for the residential area on Köhlgartenring had already taken place in October 2014.

Companies

AUMA Riester , manufacturer of actuators and valve gearboxes
Hellma , manufacturer of cuvettes
Kalfany Süße Werbung GmbH & Co. KG, Europe's largest canned candy manufacturer a. a. with the Pulmoll brand and leading manufacturer of confectionery advertising materials
Pharmaceutical Systems Schott AG in the Hügelheim district
Neoperl (Dieter Wildfang) GmbH

Transport links

Müllheim train station (Baden)

Regional train in the Müllheim train station

The Müllheim station is on the Basel – Karlsruhe ( Rheintalbahn ) railway line operated by DB AG , roughly halfway between Freiburg im Breisgau and Basel and in the tariff area of the Freiburg Regional Transport Association (RVF).

Passenger traffic on the Müllheim – Mulhouse railway was discontinued in 1980. From 2006 to 2012 it was offered again on certain Sundays and public holidays as part of an event traffic. Since December 9, 2012 there have been up to seven connections a day, with at least one pair of trains going directly to Freiburg (Breisgau) main station . French X73900 , Belene Bleue , German blue whale are used . Since the beginning of the winter schedule on 12 December 2009, was relation Freiburg Müllheim day about the two-hour intervals from / to Neuenburg extended. Once up in the 1990s and night trains with coaches to Copenhagen and Moscow in Müllheim maintenance were doing wrong, since December 2013. daily Intercity - train pair of Basel Bad Bf to Munich central station and back with stops in Müllheim. Here also keeps TGV -Zugpaar Freiburg main station - Paris Gare de Lyon .

The local railway from Müllheim-Badenweiler to Badenweiler was shut down and dismantled on May 22, 1955; only the station building in Badenweiler has survived.

In a north-south direction, the federal highway 3 leads through Müllheim, the federal highway 378 branches off to the west on the north-western outskirts of the city and leads as a motorway feeder via Neuchâtel am Rhein to the federal autobahn 5 Karlsruhe - Basel with the entrances and exits to Müllheim / Neuenburg and to State border to France in the middle of the bridge over the Old Rhine , there it becomes the "D 39" in the direction of Mulhouse .

The nearest (12 km) airport is the Bremgarten EDTG airfield . The nearest commercial airport is Basel-Mulhouse Airport . Müllheim also has a glider airfield , which is operated by the Markgräfler Luftsportverein e. V. Müllheim is operated.

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Berthold von Mülnheim († around 1108), oldest mentioned member of the Müllenheim family (named after Müllheim i. Br.)

Emanuel Meier (1746–1817), Baden civil servant and diplomat

Karl Heinrich Leussler (1792–1838), Baden Oberamtmann

Adolph Blankenhorn (1843–1906), viticulture pioneer

Ernst Blankenhorn (1853–1917), member of the Reichstag and Landtag, mayor 1890–1899, honorary citizen

Hermann Zivi (1867–1943), cantor and composer in Wuppertal, emigrated to Tel Aviv in 1939

Ernst Krieck (1882–1947), teacher, writer and professor, influential on education under National Socialism

Wilhelm Stiegeler (1871–1939), businessman and entrepreneur

Friedrich Wilhelm Maier (1883–1957), Catholic New Testament exegete

Fritz Fischer (1900–1986), editor and local painter

Franz Kirchheimer (1911–1984), geologist and paleontologist

Werner Walter Weinstötter (1914–2000), publisher and model railway journalist

Herbert Falk (1924–2008), pharmaceutical entrepreneur and publisher of hiking guides

Wolfgang Neininger (* 1926), violinist, pianist and composer as well as conductor and university professor

Hans-Christian Günther (* 1957), classical philologist and university lecturer

Hannes Läubin (* 1958), trumpeter and music teacher

Philipp Rauenbusch (* 1973), electric bass player with the band Reamonn

René Pfister (* 1974), journalist

Jae (* 1978), writer

Markus Ortlieb (* 1980), professional footballer

Joscha Kiefer (* 1982), actor

Bizzy Montana alias Daniel Constantin Maximilian Ott (* 1983), rapper

Markus Ganter (* 1986), music producer

Personalities who have worked on site

Michael Friedrich Wild (1747–1832), founder of the standardized measurement and weight system in the Grand Duchy of Baden
Albin Neininger (1892–1948), music teacher, choir director and namesake of a place on the Müllheim Reggenhag
Marga Höffgen (1921–1995), contralto

literature

History Association Markgräflerland (editor): Müllheim. In: Das Markgräflerland , issue 1/1961 ISSN 2567-3602 , pp. 8–157 digital copy of the Freiburg University Library

Rolf Schuhbauer: "Take this little home piece" - traces and stations of the suffering of Jews from Müllheim and Badenweiler between 1933 and 1945 . Edition Isele, Eggingen 2001, 191 pages, numerous illustrations and reproduced documents with corresponding index, black and white, ISBN 3-86142-238-7 .

A walk through the old Müllheim . Verlag Geiger, Horb am Neckar 1994, 84 pages, numerous images in black and white, ISBN 3-89264-912-X .

Albert Julius Sievert, supplement by Johannes Helm: History of the city of Müllheim in the Markgräflerland . Reprint of an original edition from 1886 with an addendum from 1884 to 1987, Verlag August Schmidt, Inh. Ewald Schmidt, Müllheim, Baden 1988, ISBN 3-921709-15-6 .

Johannes Helm : Müllheim. A historical overview. In: Das Markgräflerland, Issue 2/1989, pp. 7–28, digitized version of the Freiburg University Library

Werner Fischer : The field names of the city of Müllheim in Baden - A contribution to the linguistic history and folklore of the Markgräflerland . E. Albert, Freiburg i.Br. 1964. (= dissertation from July 30, 1957, Phil. F., Freiburg i. Br.)

Ingeborg Hecht, Müllheim: A foray through past and present , Schönbergverlag Freiburg, 1985.

Rolf Eilers, Eugen Eble and Albert Hofmann: Ortssippenbuch Britzingen with the districts Dattingen, Muggardt and Güttigheim, Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald / Baden district for the 1200th anniversary of the village of Britzingen 773–1973 . Lahr: Köbele 1973 (= Badische Ortssippenbücher 31), processed period 1602–1973.

Web links

Commons : Müllheim - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Wikivoyage: Müllheim (Baden) - travel guide

Wikisource: Müllheim (Baden) - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).

↑ Bruno Haase: 30 years of “technical cultural monument” . In: badische-zeitung.de, Lokales, Neuenburg, December 30, 2011 (December 30, 2011)

↑ Main statute of the city of Müllheim (PDF; 29 kB), November 15, 2006, accessed on November 25, 2012

↑ muellheim.de, city information - facts & figures

^ Paula Hollenweger: The Markgräflerdorf Feldberg and its history. In: Das Markgräflerland , issue 2/1966, pp. 77-109 digitized version of the Freiburg University Library

↑ ^a ^b Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality register for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 499 .

↑ Cistercian convent Rheintal in the database of monasteries in Baden-Württemberg of the Baden-Württemberg State Archives

^ Cistercian priory Müllheim in the database of monasteries in Baden-Württemberg of the Baden-Württemberg State Archives

↑ District of Zunzingen ( Memento of the original from August 8, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ Walter Küchlin: Chronicle of the Vogtei Hügelheim. Schopfheim 1996
↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from March 8, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ Glöckner, Karl, Codex Laureshamensis: 3rd volume Kopialbuch, Part II: The other Franconian and Swabian Gaue property lists, late donations and interest lists, general register , Darmstadt 1936, p. 69; No. 2696 (Reg. 2937): Donatio Dithleici, in uilla Mulinheim

German translation: Minst, Karl Josef (translator), Lorscher Codex: German; Document book of the former prince abbey Lorsch (Volume 4): Donation documents No. 2000–2910, Lorsch, 1970, p. 208:

Donation of Dithleich in the village of Müllheim under Abbot Adalung and King Karl

We, Ditleich and my wife Wolfgart, want to donate an alms in the name of God. It is to be paid to the holy martyr N (azarius), whose body rests in the Lorsch monastery, which the venerable Adalung presides as abbot. We are giving away everything that we have owned in pago Brisegowe (in Breisgau), namely in the village of Mulinheim (Müllheim / Br.) In the form of court riding, meadows, vineyards, residential and farm buildings. Closed and manufactured. Done in monasterio laurish (amensi = in the Lorsch monastery) in the 37th year (October 9, 804 to October 8, 805) of King Charles.
^ AJ Sievert, addendum by J. Helm: History of the city of Müllheim in the Markgräflerland . Reprint of an original edition from 1886 with an addendum from 1884 to 1987, Verlag August Schmidt, Inh. Ewald Schmidt, Müllheim, Baden 1988, ISBN 3-921709-15-6 , p. 243.
↑ ^a ^b Badische-zeitung.de , Gabriele Babeck-Reinsch, October 20, 2010: In 1940 there were no more Jews in Müllheim (October 23, 2010)
↑ badische-zeitung.de , October 23, 2010, Martina Faller: No hate, only pity (October 23, 2010)
^ AJ Sievert, addendum by J. Helm: History of the city of Müllheim in the Markgräflerland . Reprint of an original edition from 1886 with an addendum from 1884 to 1987, Verlag August Schmidt, Inh. Ewald Schmidt, Müllheim, Baden 1988, ISBN 3-921709-15-6 , p. 245.
↑ Determination of the FNTB on the extent of civilians abducted for forced labor in the French-occupied zone , studienkreis- Resistance-1933-45.de : Heimatgeschichtliche Wegweiser zu places of resistance and persecution 1933-1945 , Volume 5/2: Baden-Württemberg II, Administrative districts of Freiburg and Tübingen

↑ See also (many parallels, one year earlier in the neighboring town of Kandern ), badische-zeitung.de , October 29, 2016: Waclaw Zenszykiewiez was hanged in the quarry 75 years ago (October 30, 2016)

^ City of Müllheim Religion , 2011 census

↑ City of Müllheim Figures 2017-2019 , accessed on March 20, 2020

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Günter Boll: Jewish life in Müllheim .

^ Günter Boll: Jewish life in Müllheim : "Ludwig David Kahn: From the history of the Jews of Müllheim . In: Das Markgräflerland , year 23, issue 1. Schopfheim 1961, p. 151 "

^ Günter Boll: Jewish life in Müllheim : " History of the Jews of Baden . Bühl 1927, p. 390 "

^ Günter Boll: Jewish life in Müllheim : "Social Democratic Party of Germany (banned in 1933), Germany reports . Erich Rinner (Ed.), On behalf of the exile executive "

↑ ^a ^b A. J. Sievert, supplement by J. Helm: History of the city of Müllheim in the Markgräflerland . Reprint of an original edition from 1886 with an addendum from 1884 to 1987, Verlag August Schmidt, Inh. Ewald Schmidt, Müllheim, Baden 1988, ISBN 3-921709-15-6 , p. 243 ff.

^ Land registry office Müllheim: court records 1781 - 1801 , purchase contract of June 5, 1798

↑ This figure was determined using the template: inflation .

^ Land registry office Müllheim: land register volume 21 , purchase contract of March 7, 1849

↑ Central archive for research into the history of Jews in Germany , Jüdischer Friedhof Müllheim uni-heidelberg.de ( Memento of the original from April 11, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.

↑ Alemannia Judaica , alemannia-judaica.de: Jewish cemetery Müllheim

↑ Memorial sites for the victims of National Socialism. A documentation, Vol. I, Bonn 1995, ISBN 3-89331-208-0 , pp. 62f.

↑ ksm.snbh.schule-bw.de: Stolpersteine Müllheim - A person is only forgotten when his name is forgotten ( memento of the original from February 13, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.

↑ Hauptstrasse 109: swr.de: Julius Moses: Divorce out of welfare , manuscript for it ("Here lived: Julius Moses, born in 1892 - Escape France, Drancy camp - Murdered in Majdanek in 1943")

↑ ^a ^b History of the city of Müllheim in Markgräflerland , reprint in 1988 of the original edition by AJ Siefert, 1886, addendum 1884 to 1887 by J. Helm, Verlag August Schmidt, owner Ewald Schmidt, Müllheim / Baden, ISBN 3-921709-15-6 , Page 305

↑ badische-zeitung.de

↑ Müllheim, Final results of the 2019 municipal council elections , accessed on June 26, 2019

^ Badische Zeitung: Martin Löffler is signed as mayor - Müllheim - Badische Zeitung. Accessed February 1, 2020 .

↑ badische-zeitung.de: Astrid Siemes-Knoblich . Badische Zeitung , Infobox , October 4, 2011 (October 31, 2011)

↑ Jens Klein, Patrik Müller, badische-zeitung.de: Siemes-Knoblich is the new mayor of Müllheim . Badische Zeitung , Local, Müllheim , October 30, 2011 (October 31, 2011)

↑ hl: René Lohs in: badische-zeitung.de, Infobox, September 30, 2011 (October 31, 2011)

↑ muellheim.de: http://www.muellheim.de/index.php?article_id=80 (September 13, 2017)

↑ [1] muellheim.cineprog.com

↑ badische-zeitung.de, November 14, 2009: The Bell of St. Margarathen (October 17, 2010)

↑ muellheim.de

↑ Katholische Pfarrgemeinde Herz-Jesu (ed.), Katholische Pfarrgemeinde Herz-Jesu Müllheim / Baden (self-published brochure), Stähle Druck Engen, 1992.

↑ Kath. Pfarramt Herz-Jesu Müllheim (ed.), Müllheim - Catholic parish church Herz-Jesu (church leader, text: Ursula Pechloff), Kunstverlag PEDA Passau, 2009.

↑ Johannes Helm, Churches and Chapels in Markgräflerland, Müllheim 2/1989.

↑ Badische-zeitung.de , April 25, 2009: badische-zeitung.de: Gründerzeit und Jugendstil , report on an exhibition with an illustration from around 1900. Last accessed: November 22, 2015

^ Badische Zeitung: Passion for France and physics - Bad Bellingen - Badische Zeitung . ( badische-zeitung.de [accessed on October 10, 2018]).

^ AJ Sievert, addendum by J. Helm: History of the city of Müllheim in the Markgräflerland . Reprint of an original edition from 1886 with an addendum from 1884 to 1987, Verlag August Schmidt, Inh. Ewald Schmidt, Müllheim, Baden 1988, ISBN 3-921709-15-6 , p. 236 ff.

↑ df-brigade.de: Müllheim location ( Memento of the original from December 4, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Last accessed: November 22, 2015)

↑ friedensrat.org

↑ badische-zeitung.de/muellheim

^ Muellheim - Jaumann publishing house. Retrieved October 8, 2016 .

↑ wzo.de/reblandkurier/ausgabe-300-muellheim.html

↑ der-sonntag.de

↑ www.badische-zeitung.de, March 4, 2010, Gabriele Babeck-Reinsch: Justizvollzug - Muellheim juvenile detention center is closed

↑ www.badische-zeitung.de, September 10, 2010, Gabriele Babeck-Reinsch: Impressed by the Müllheim model

↑ www.badische-zeitung.de, May 18, 2010, Andrea Drescher: Celebration of the change of director in the district court of Müllheim: Farewell to the "protector"

↑ Brochure of the city of Müllheim, approx. 2004, city tour, Unterstadt , p. 49: Former hospital, today youth center - Hauptstrasse 78 (July 19, 2011)

↑ helios-kliniken.de: Müllheim (Baden) , accessed on November 25, 2012

↑ kma-online.de, April 16, 2010, Badische Zeitung : Uniklinik Freiburg - Helios-Klinik Müllheim becomes a teaching hospital ( memento of the original from January 25, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (July 19, 2011)

↑ Gabriele Babeck-Reinsch: Without wrecking ball and rubble , Badische Zeitung, July 28, 2011, accessed on October 31, 2011

^ Dorothee Philipp: Müllheim: The building construction phase begins , Badische Zeitung, July 31, 2013, accessed on August 11, 2013

↑ Müllheim: All a home and a place in the middle , Badische Zeitung, April 30, 2014, accessed on September 23, 2015

↑ Gabriele Babeck-Reinsch: Müllheim: Groundbreaking for the new residential area , Badische Zeitung, October 10, 2014, accessed on September 23, 2015

↑ badische-zeitung.de: Badisch-Alsatian bond . Badische Zeitung , December 10, 2012

↑ forget-bahnen.de: Müllheim (Baden) - Badenweiler (May 2, 2012)

[Metadaten_Einwohnerzahl_DE-BW-1] State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).

[2] Bruno Haase: 30 years of “technical cultural monument” . In: badische-zeitung.de, Lokales, Neuenburg, December 30, 2011 (December 30, 2011)

[3] Main statute of the city of Müllheim (PDF; 29 kB), November 15, 2006, accessed on November 25, 2012

[4] uellheim.de, city information - facts & figures