French troops at the start of the war in 1914
The French troop contingent at the start of the war in 1914 shows the organization of the French army after the general mobilization of August 2, 1914.
It was very similar to that of the German Army , which was mobilized at the same time , and the majority of the troops were stationed on the border with the neighbor. The largest units consisted of five armies , each subdivided into several army corps . The army corps were in turn divided into two divisions each. The unassigned units were at the disposal of the Commander-in-Chief in the Grand Quartier Général and the Minister of War as a reserve . This scheme was changed in the first days of August 1914, when the reservists greatly enlarged the units, then through the personnel reinforcement of the army corps and the formation of new units.
organization
Peace strength
The strength of the French army in the spring was 882,907 men, of which 686,993 men in the mother country, 62,598 men in Algeria and Tunisia , 81,750 men in Morocco and 51,566 auxiliary troops. The territory of the Third Republic was divided into 21 military regions, 20 of which were deployed in the motherland and one (the 20th) in Algeria. Then there was the not insignificant establishment of the military government of Paris . Each military region provided two infantry divisions (with the exception of the VI Military Region, which provided three divisions).
| Military region (army corps) |
Defense area | Peace garrisons of the divisions |
|---|---|---|
| GMP | Paris | 1st Cavalry Division (Paris) , 7th Cavalry Division ( Melun ) and 1st Colonial Infantry Division (Paris) |
| I re | Lille | 1st Infantry Division (Lille) and 2nd Infantry Division ( Arras ) |
| II e | Amiens | 3rd Infantry Division (Amiens), 4th Infantry Division ( Mézières ) and 4th Cavalry Division ( Sedan ) |
| III e | Rouen | 5th Infantry Division (Rouen) and 6th Infantry Division (Paris) |
| IV e | Le Mans | 4th Infantry Division (Le Mans) and 7th Infantry Division (Paris) |
| V e | Orleans | 9th Infantry Division (Orléans) and 10th Infantry Division (Paris) |
| VI e | Châlons-sur-Marne | 12th Infantry Division ( Reims ), 40th Infantry Division ( Saint-Mihiel ), 42nd Infantry Division ( Verdun ), 3rd Cavalry Division ( Compiègne ) and 5th Cavalry Division (Reims) |
| VII e | Besançon | 14th Infantry Division ( Belfort ), 41st Infantry Division ( Remiremont ) and 8th Cavalry Division ( Dole ) |
| VIII e | Bourges | 15th Infantry Division ( Dijon ) and 16th Infantry Division (Bourges) |
| IX e | Tours | 17th Infantry Division ( Châteauroux ), 18th Infantry Division ( Angers ) and 9th Cavalry Division (Tours) |
| X e | Rennes | 19th Infantry Division (Rennes) and 20th Infantry Division ( Saint-Servan ) |
| XI e | Nantes | 21st Infantry Division (Nantes), 22nd Infantry Division ( Vannes ) and 3rd Colonial Infantry Division ( Brest (Finistère) ) |
| XII e | Limoges | 23rd Infantry Division ( Angoulême ) and 24th Infantry Division ( Périgueux ) |
| XIII e | Clermont-Ferrand | 25th Infantry Division ( Saint-Étienne ) and 26th Infantry Division (Clermont-Ferrand) |
| XIV e | Lyon | 27th Infantry Division ( Grenoble ), 28th Infantry Division ( Chambéry ) and 6th Cavalry Division (Lyon) |
| XV e | Marseille | 29th Infantry Division ( Nice ), 30th Infantry Division ( Avignon ) and 2nd Colonial Infantry Division ( Toulon ) |
| XVI e | Montpellier | 31st Infantry Division (Montpellier) and 32nd Infantry Division ( Perpignan ) |
| XVII e | Toulouse | 33rd Infantry Division ( Montauban ), 34th Infantry Division (Toulouse) and 10th Cavalry Division (Montauban) |
| XVIII e | Bordeaux | 35th Infantry Division (Bordeaux) and 36th Infantry Division ( Bayonne ) |
| XIX e | Algiers | Divisions "Algiers", "Oran" and "Constantine" |
| XX e | Nancy | 11th Infantry Division (Nancy), 39th Infantry Division ( Toul ) and 2nd Cavalry Division ( Lunéville ) |
| XXI e | Epinal | 13th Infantry Division ( Chaumont ) and 43rd Infantry Division ( Saint-Dié ) |
The entire (active) infantry consisted of 686 battalions: 173 regiments in the motherland of three battalions each and nine regiments of four battalions. There were also 31 battalions of hunters on foot (Chasseurs à pied) and the twelve regiments of colonial infantry, each with three battalions. In the colonies there were four regiments of Zouaves of six battalions each, nine regiments of Algerian riflemen (Tirailleurs algériens) with a total of 40 battalions, two regiments of the Légion étrangère of six battalions each, five battalions of light African infantry (Infantry légère d'Afrique), six Moroccan colonial marching regiments and five battalions of Moroccan auxiliaries.
On the day of mobilization, the cavalry had 378 escadrons in 89 regiments. It consisted of twelve cuirassier regiments , 32 dragoon regiments , 23 regiments of hunters on horseback (Chasseurs à cheval), 14 hussar regiments , six regiments "Chasseurs d'Afrique" and four regiments of Spahis. There were also an Escadron Spahis sénégalais and twelve Escadrons Moroccan auxiliaries.
The artillery had 855 batteries , each with four guns. It was divided into 62 regiments of field artillery, two regiments of mountain artillery, eleven regiments of foot artillery, five regiments of heavy artillery, ten groups of African artillery and three regiments of colonial artillery. The divisional artillery included 378 batteries (of three groups each), the corps artillery 240 batteries (each four groups) and the mounted artillery 327 batteries.
The pioneer troop consisted of eleven regiments with 145 special companies and 44 détachements (e.g. telecommunications departments).
The air force consisted of 26 air squadrons and 10 balloon squadrons.
State of war
The mobilization of August 2, 1914 according to Plan XVII called 2,829,000 men to the depots by August 18, plus 71,000 volunteers. The active units with their peace level of 680,000 men were reinforced by reservists of the last three years. Furthermore, new units from older reservists were set up, which were designated as reserve and territorial regiments. The number of battalions was increased from 686 to 1636, that of cavalry escadrons from 365 to 600, that of artillery batteries from 855 to 1527 and that of engineer units from 191 to 628.
Furthermore, an army corps with the number of the military region was immediately set up for each of the 21 military regions. The XIX. Military region in Algeria , which only strengthened the colonial infantry corps with the 37th and 38th Infantry Divisions. Altogether there were 46 active infantry divisions with 1,054,000 men - including the 44th infantry division, which was only set up when mobilization, and 10 cavalry divisions with 52,500 men.
At the same time, the reserve infantry regiments - each divided into two battalions - starting with number 201, were set up. This was the responsibility of the active regiments, each of which had to set up a reserve regiment, which led the number of the main troop unit - increased by a factor of 200. 25 reserve divisions (Nos. 51 to 75) with 450,000 men were also set up.
The principle of army reinforcement in mobilization was that of merging. The active and reserve regiments were supplemented by personnel of the other status - d. H. Reservists were incorporated into the active regiments and active soldiers into the reserve regiments. The deputy commander of an active regiment took command of a reserve regiment. The permanent staff of the active regiment was split up to ensure an equivalent standard in both units. To make the system more manageable, the battalions of the active regiment were designated 1st, 2nd and 3rd battalion, and the companies were also numbered consecutively from 1 to 12. The reserve regiment led the 5th and 6th battalions with the company numbers 17 to 24. The companies with the numbers 13 to 16 were left out in the event that a fourth battalion was set up.
The older age groups (de facto the Landwehr) were employed in the territorial infantry regiments. These regiments had three or four battalions. One part was in the twelve territorial infantry divisions (eight field divisions and four fortress divisions - No. 81 to 92), a total of 184,000 men. The younger of the territorial forces were then transferred to the active or reserve regiments after the first fighting in order to compensate for the losses.
| Military regions | Command in: | Active divisions | Reserve divisions | Territorial Divisions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I re | Lille | - | 51st Reserve Division ( Arras ) | - |
| II e | Amiens | - | 52nd Reserve Division ( Mézières ) | 81st Territorial Field Division (Amiens) |
| III e | Rouen | - | 53rd Reserve Division (Rouen) | 82nd Territorial Field Division (Rouen) |
| IV e | Le Mans | - | 54th Reserve Division (Le Mans) | 83rd Territorial Fortress Division ( Chartres ) and 84th Territorial Field Division ( Laval ) |
| V e | Orleans | - | 55th Reserve Division (Orléans) | - |
| VI e | Châlons-en-Champagne | - | 56th (Châlons), 69th (Reims) and 72nd Reserve Division (Verdun) | - |
| VII e | Besançon | - | 57th Reserve Division (Belfort) | - |
| VIII e | Bourges | - | 58th Reserve Division ( Dijon ) | - |
| IX e | Tours | - | 59th Reserve Division ( Angers ) | 85th ( Châteauroux ) and 81st Territorial Fortress Division (Angers) |
| X e | Rennes | - | 60th Reserve Division (Rennes) | 87th Territorial Field Division (Saint-Servan) |
| XI e | Nantes | - | 61st Reserve Division ( Vannes ) | 88th Territorial Field Division (Nantes) |
| XII e | Limoges | - | 62nd Reserve Division ( Angoulême ) | 89th Territorial Fortress Division (Angoulême) |
| XIII e | Clermont-Ferrand | - | 63rd Reserve Division (Clermont-Ferrand) | - |
| XIV e | Lyon | 44th Infantry Division (Lyon) | 64th ( Grenoble ) and 74th Reserve Divisions ( Chambéry ) | - |
| XV e | Marseille | 65th (Nice) and 75th Reserve Divisions ( Avignon ) | - | |
| XVI e | Montpellier | - | 66th Reserve Division (Montpellier) | 90th Territorial Field Division (Perpignan) |
| XVII e | Toulouse | - | 67th Reserve Division (Montauban) | 91st Territorial Field Division (Toulouse) |
| XVIII e | Bordeaux | - | 68th Reserve Division (Bordeaux) | 92nd Territorial Field Division (Bordeaux) |
| XIX e | Algiers | 37th ( Philippeville ) and 38th Infantry Divisions (Algiers) | - | - |
| XX e | Nancy | - | 70th (Neufchâteau) and 73rd Reserve Division (Toul) | - |
| XXI e | Epinal | - | 71st Reserve Division (Épinal) | - |
Finally, at the end of the mobilization, the heavy artillery, the railroad troops and the air force were reinforced - 187,500 men. In addition, the garrison troops, fortress garrisons and the garrison troops of the fortified camps in Paris and Corsica, a total of 821,400 men, and finally the railroad guard troops with 210,000 men. The equipment for 680,000 reservists was kept in the depots. The strength of the combat troops in mid-August was 3,500,000 men - without the forces in the colonies and the stage services.
development
The General Staff had planned to deploy troops along the Franco-German border - on the one hand as a means of exerting pressure in the event of diplomatic tensions and on the other hand to have them quickly on site in the event of mobilization - as well as with the troops of the II., VI., XX., Stationed there. XXI. and VII. Military region to build up the "shielding" in order to enable the country to mobilize undisturbed. The shield (called "couverture") was under the responsibility of the five commanders of the Eastern Army Corps. On the morning of August 6th, command passed to the five army commanders. On August 18, 1914, the deployment on the eastern border was completed.
| Intended commanders |
Staging area | Composition: Army Corps and Divisions |
Workforce | assignments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1st Army (Armée de Dole) |
Auguste Dubail | Area Remiremont to Charmes (Vosges) | 5 Corps: 7th Army Corps, 8th Army Corps, 13th Army Corps, 14th Army Corps, 21st Army Corps, a total of six infantry divisions and the 6th and 8th cavalry divisions | 266,452 men | Attack on Mulhouse and Sarrebourg |
|
2nd Army (Armée de Dijon) |
Edouard de Castelnau | Area Pont-Saint-Vincent and Neufchâteau (Vosges) | 5 Corps: 9th Army Corps, 15th Army Corps, 16th Army Corps, 18th Army Corps, 20th Army Corps, together ten infantry divisions and the 2nd and 10th cavalry divisions | 323,445 men | Attack on Morhange |
|
3rd Army (Armée de Châlons) |
Pierre Ruffey | Saint-Mihiel and Verdun area | 3 Corps: 4th Army Corps, 5th Army Corps, 6th Army Corps, together seven infantry divisions and the 7th cavalry division | 237,257 men | Supervision of the fortress of Metz |
|
4th Army (Armée de Fontainebleau) |
Fernand Louis Langle de Cary | Area Saint-Dizier and Bar-le-Duc | 3 Corps: 12th Army Corps, 17th Army Corps and the Colonial Army Corps (CAC), a total of six infantry divisions and the 9th Cavalry Division | 159,588 men | as a reserve in the Argonne |
|
5th Army (Armée de Paris) |
Charles Lanrezac | from Hirson to Dun-sur-Meuse | 5 corps: 1st Army Corps, 2nd Army Corps, 3rd Army Corps, 10th Army Corps, 11th Army Corps, a total of ten infantry divisions, plus the 6th Cavalry Division and the 52nd and 60th Reserve Divisions | 299,350 men | Surveillance of the border with Belgium in the Ardennes |
| Sordet Cavalry Corps | André Sordet | Mézières area | 1st, 3rd and 5th Cavalry Divisions | 15,750 men | Advance into the Ardennes in the event of a German invasion of Belgium |
| 1st Reserve Division Group | Louis Archinard | Area Luxeuil , Vesoul and Montbeliard | 58th, 63rd and 66th Reserve Divisions | 54,000 men | Surveillance of the Swiss border and as a reserve of the 1st Army |
| 2nd Reserve Division Group | Léon Durand | on the Grand Couronné near Nancy | 59th, 68th and 70th Reserve Divisions | 54,000 men | Reserve behind 2nd Army |
| 3rd Reserve Division Group | Paul Durand | on the Moselle heights | 54th, 55th and 56th Reserve Divisions | 54,000 men | 3rd Army Reserve |
| 4th Reserve Division Group | Mardochée Valabrègue | Vervins area | 51st, 53rd and 69th Reserve Divisions | 54,000 men | 5th Army Reserve |
|
Armée des Alpes (Armée de Lyon) |
Albert d'Amade | in the Alps and in Lyon | 44th Infantry Division, 64th, 65th, 74th and 75th Reserve Division, and the 91st Territorial Field Division | 105,000 men | Surveillance of the Italian border |
| Fortified camp Paris | Victor-Constant Michel | Paris area | 61st and 62nd Reserve Divisions, 83rd Territorial Field Division, 84th, 85th, 86th and 89th Territorial Fortress Division | 111,000 men | Defense of Paris |
| Eastern fortifications | - | Area Verdun, Toul, Épinal and Belfort | 71st, 72nd, 73rd and 57th Reserve Divisions | 72,000 | intended for mobile protection of paved areas |
| Independent divisions | Joseph Brugère | in the coastal areas of Hazebrouck , Rouen , Nantes , Valognes , Perpignan and Bordeaux | 81st, 82nd, 88th, 87th, 90th and 92nd Territorial Field Division | 90,000 men | Surveillance of the coasts and the Spanish border |
Original order of battle
The command of the north-east section lay with the Grand Headquarters (Grand Quartier Général - GQG)
- Commander in Chief : Général Joseph Joffre
- Chief of Staff : Général Émile Eugène Belin
- 2. Chiefs of Staff: Generals Henri Berthelot (II and III offices) and Céleste Deprez (I and IV offices)
- Chancellery: Lieutenant-Colonel Gaston Dupuis
- Head of Office I (organization and equipment): Colonel Bernard
- Head of Bureau II (reconnaissance): Lieutenant-Colonel Dupont
- Chief of the III. Offices (operations and training): Lieutenant-colonel Ferdinand Auguste Pont
- Head of Office IV (Stage and Transport): Général Henri Linder
- Management of the rear area: Général Édouard Laffon de Ladebat
The heavy, mobile artillery under the command of the Army Group Northeast (Groupe d'armées du Nord-Est) consisted of five batteries with field cannons Canon de 120 mm L modèle 1878 and six batteries mortars Mortier de 220 mm modèle 1880 .
1st Army
| (1 re armée - Armée de Dole) |
|---|
|
1st Army strength:
The commander and part of the staff left Paris-Pantin station on August 4 at 9:26 p.m. and arrived in Épinal on August 5 at 5:30 p.m. Général Dubail took command at 00:01 on August 6. The area of operation extended from the Swiss border in the south via Bainville-aux-Miroirs - Bayon - Lunéville - Lagarde to Dieuze in the north. On August 2, 1914, the 1st Army consisted of the 7th, 8th, 13th, 14th and 21st Army Corps, the 6th and 8th Cavalry Divisions, six groups of heavy artillery and six squadrons. The 7th Corps was withdrawn from the army on August 11th, the 21st Corps on September 4th and the 13th Corps on September 11th.
7 e corps (7th Army Corps - Besançon)
14 e division d'infanterie (14th Infantry Division - Belfort)
41 e division d'infanterie (41st Infantry Division - Remiremont)
8 e corps (8th Army Corps - Bourges)
15 e division d'infanterie (15th Infantry Division - Dijon)
16 e division d'infanterie (16th Infantry Division - Bourges)
13 e corps (13th Army Corps - Clermont-Ferrand)
25 e division d'infanterie (25th Infantry Division - Saint-Étienne)
26 e division d'infanterie (26th Infantry Division - Clermont-Ferrand)
14 e corps (14th Army Corps - Lyon)
27 e division d'infanterie (27th Infantry Division - Grenoble)
28 e division d'infanterie (28th Infantry Division - Chambéry)
21 e corps (21st Army Corps - Épinal)
13 e division d'infanterie (13th Infantry Division - Chaumont)
43 e division d'infanterie (43rd Infantry Division - Saint-Dié-des-Vosges)
6 e division de cavalerie (6th Cavalry Division - Lyon) Set up in the XIV. Military Region and assigned to the 21st Army Corps as part of the shielding forces.
8 e division de cavalerie (8th Cavalry Division - Dole) Set up in the VII and VIII military regions and assigned to the 7th Army Corps as part of the shielding troops.
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2nd Army
| (2 e armée - Armée de Dijon) |
|---|
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2nd Army strength:
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Marching column of 66 e régiment d'infantry with little flags in the barrel of a gun on the morning of 5 August on the way to the station of Tours . It reached Flavigny-sur-Moselle (near Nancy ) the next day .
The first part of the staff, mobilized in the Grand-Palais , left Paris on August 4th at 9:00 p.m. for Neufchâteau . The rest of the staff came from Dijon on August 6th. On that day, Général Castelnau took command of the 2nd Army. The 2nd Army was composed of the 9th, 15th, 16th, 18th and 20th Army Corps. In addition there were the 2nd and 10th Cavalry Divisions, five groups of heavy artillery and four squadrons. On August 10, 1914, it was reinforced by the 2 e groupe de divisions de réserve (2nd reserve division group). In addition there were:
9 e corps (9th Army Corps - Toul)
17 e division d'infanterie (17th Infantry Division - Châteauroux)
18 e division d'infanterie (18th Infantry Division - Angers)
15 e corps (15th Army Corps - Marseille)
29 e division d'infanterie (29th Infantry Division - Nice)
30 e division d'infanterie (30th Infantry Division - Avignon)
16 e corps (16th Army Corps - Montpellier)
31 e division d'infanterie (31st Infantry Division - Montpellier)
32 e division d'infanterie (32nd Infantry Division - Perpignan)
18 e corps (18th Army Corps - Bordeaux)
35 e division d'infanterie (35th Infantry Division - Bordeaux)
36 e division d'infanterie (36th Infantry Division - Bayonne)
20 e corps (20th Army Corps - Nancy)
11 e division d'infanterie (11th Infantry Division - Nancy)
39 e division d'infanterie (39th Infantry Division - Toul)
2 e groupe de divisions de réserve (2nd reserve division group)
59 e division de réserve (59th reserve division - Angers) The 59th Reserve Division was made up of reservists from the IX. Military region set up.
68 e division de réserve (68th reserve division - Bordeaux) The 68th Reserve Division was made up of reservists from the XVIII. Military region set up.
70 e division de réserve (70th reserve division - Neufchâteau (Vosges)) The 70th Reserve Division was made up of reservists of the XX. Military region set up.
2 e division de cavalerie (2nd Cavalry Division - Lunéville) Set up in the XX. Military region. It was used under the command of the 20th Army Corps to shield the deployment.
10 e division de cavalerie (10th Cavalry Division - Montauban) Listed in the XII., XVII. and XVIII. Military region. It was used under the command of the 20th Army Corps to shield the deployment.
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3rd Army
| (3 e armée - Armée de Châlons) |
|---|
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3rd Army Strength:
The first part of the army staff was mobilized in Paris, while the rest were activated in Châlons . He took command on August 6, 1914 in Verdun. The 3rd Army was formed on August 2, 1914 from the 4th, 5th and 6th Army Corps. In addition there was the 7th Cavalry Division, five groups of heavy artillery and four squadrons. The army was reinforced on August 10 by the 3rd Reserve Division Group and was temporarily assigned other units to support:
The high command withdrew the 4th Army Corps on September 2, 1914. The Verdun Fortress was under the 3rd Army from August 9th to 17th, 1914 and from August 27th, 1914 to January 8th, 1915.
4 e corps (4th Army Corps - Le Mans)
7 e division d'infanterie (7th Infantry Division - Paris)
8 e division d'infanterie (8th Infantry Division - Le Mans)
5 e corps (5th Army Corps - Orléans)
9 e division d'infanterie (9th Infantry Division - Orléans)
10 e division d'infanterie (10th Infantry Division - Paris)
6 e corps (6th Army Corps - Châlons-sur-Marne)
12 e division d'infanterie (12th Infantry Division - Reims)
40 e division d'infanterie (40th Infantry Division - Saint-Mihiel)
42 e division d'infanterie (42nd Infantry Division - Verdun)
3 e groupe de divisions de réserve (3rd reserve division group) The group, formed from the 54th, 66th and 56th reserve divisions, had its deployment area in the Saint-Mihiel and Verdun region from August 7th to 17th, 1914 with the task of occupying the Meuse heights. Part of the 3rd Army until August 17, 1914, the division together with the 54th and 67th Reserve Divisions (from August 23 still with the 67th Reserve Division and from August 24th with the 72nd Reserve Division) formed the new " Armée de Lorraine ”(called“ Groupement Paul Durand ”from August 23 to 27).
By order of August 25, 1914, a new “3. Reserve Division Group ”(called“ groupement de Lamase ”) from the 64th and 75th Reserve Divisions. On August 27, the 75th Reserve Division was replaced by the 55th Reserve Division. Assigned to the new 6th Army, the group was relocated to the Roye and Tricot area by rail on August 30 after the front had been withdrawn on August 27 . The group was born on September 5, 1914 in “5. Reserve Division Group "renamed.
54 e division de reserve (54th reserve division - Le Mans) Set up in Le Mans with reservists from the IV Military Region.
55 e division de réserve (55th reserve division - Orléans) The 55th Reserve Division was set up in Orléans with reservists from the V Military Region.
56 e division de réserve (56th reserve division - Châlons-sur-Marne)
7 e division de cavalerie (7th Cavalry Division - Melun) The 7th Cavalry Division was set up in Melun from the IV and V military regions and the Paris region.
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4th Army
| (4 e armée - Armée de Fontainebleau) |
|---|
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4th Army Strength:
Regimental badge of the 88 e regiment d'infanterie, in Auch (17 e corps)
The first part of the staff left Paris and arrived at Saint-Dizier on August 5, 1914 at 8:15 am . The rest of the staff reached Fontainebleau at 9:00 p.m. on August 6 . The 4th Army was composed of the 12th Army Corps, the 17th Army Corps, the Colonial Corps of the 9th Cavalry Division, a group of heavy artillery and two squadrons on August 2, 1914. On August 8, 1914, it was reinforced by the 2nd Army Corps, on August 16 by the 11th Army Corps, on August 20 by the 9th Army Corps and from August 29 to September 5 by the Foch Army Division.
12 e corps (12th Army Corps - Limoges)
23 e division d'infanterie (23rd Infantry Division - Angoulême)
24 e division d'infanterie (24th Infantry Division - Périgueux)
17 e corps (17th Army Corps - Toulouse)
33 e division d'infanterie (33rd Infantry Division - Montauban)
34 e division d'infanterie (34th Infantry Division - Toulouse)
Corps d'armée colonial (Colonial Army Corps - Paris)
2 e division d'infanterie coloniale (2nd colonial infantry division - Toulon)
3 e division d'infanterie coloniale (3rd Colonial Infantry Division - Brest)
9 e division de cavalerie (9th Cavalry Division - Tours) Established from the IX., X. and XI. Military region.
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5th Army
| (5 e armée - Armée de Paris) |
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5th Army Strength:
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The 12th Company of the 1st Infantry Regiment in Cambrai in 1911. Most of the recruiting (especially the infantry) came from the area around the garrison site. The soldiers of this regiment came almost exclusively from the Arrondissement of Cambrai .
The first part of the staff left Paris on August 4, 1914 at 6:30 p.m. for Rethel . Général Lanrezac took command on August 5th. The 5th Army consisted of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 10th and 11th Army Corps on August 2, 1914. There was also the 4th Cavalry Division, five groups of heavy artillery and six squadrons. The High Command pulled out the 2nd Corps on August 8th and reinforced the 11th Corps with the 52nd and 60th Infantry Divisions (the 52nd was re-established on September 16 and the 60th on September 15 with the 4th Reserve Division Group deducted). The 11th Corps was also withdrawn on the 16th and replaced by the 18th Corps on August 18th.
1 he corps (1st Corps - Lille)
1 re division d'infanterie (1st Infantry Division - Lille)
2 e division d'infanterie (2nd Infantry Division - Arras)
2 e corps (2nd Army Corps - Amiens)
3 e division d'infanterie (3rd Infantry Division - Amiens)
4 e division d'infanterie (4th Infantry Division - Mézières)
3 e corps (3rd Army Corps - Rouen)
5th e division d'infanterie (5th Infantry Division - Rouen)
6 e division d'infanterie (6th Infantry Division - Paris)
10 e corps (10th Army Corps - Rennes)
19 e division d'infanterie (19th Infantry Division - Rennes)
28 e division d'infanterie (28th Infantry Division - Saint-Servan)
11 e corps (11th Army Corps - Nantes)
21 e division d'infanterie (21st Infantry Division - Nantes)
22 e division d'infanterie (22nd Infantry Division - Vannes)
52 e division de réserve (52nd reserve division - Mézières) Made up of reservists from the II Military Region.
60 e division de réserve (60th reserve division - Rennes)
4 e division de cavalerie (4th Cavalry Division - Sedan) The 4th Reserve Division was in the VI. Military region set up. She belonged to the shielding troops and was subordinate to the 2nd Army Corps.
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Units at the disposal of the Commander in Chief
| (Formations à la disposition du général en chef) |
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In addition to the five existing armies, the Commander-in-Chief still had a reserve of large formations (cavalry corps, reserve division groups and a number of independent divisions). Corps de cavalerie Sordet (Cavalry Corps Sordet) Just called "Corps Sordet" for short.
The cavalry corps was subordinate to the 5th Army from August 15 to 25, then to the 6th Army on August 30, and from August 30 to the Military Governor of Paris . 1 re division de cavalerie (1st cavalry division - Paris)
3 e division de cavalerie (3rd Cavalry Division - Compiègne) Established from the VI. Military region.
5 e division de cavalerie (5th Cavalry Division - Reims) Established from the VI. Military region.
1 er groupe de division de réserve (1st reserve division group) The group was assembled between August 10 and 14 in the Luxeuil , Vesoul and Montbéliard region to serve as a reserve of the 1st Army in accordance with Plan XVII and also to monitor the front on the Swiss border (in case a German march through Switzerland). On August 11th, the group was placed under the "Armée d'Alsace" and dissolved on August 25th.
58 e division de réserve (58th reserve division - Dijon) Formed with reservists from the VIII Military Region.
63 e division de réserve (63rd reserve division - Clermont-Ferrand) Formed with reservists of the XIII. Military region.
66 e division de réserve (66th reserve division - Montpellier) Formed with reservists of the XIII. Military region.
4 e groupe de division de réserve (4th reserve division group) The group was brought together in the Vervins region between August 8 and 21 (in the event of a German march through Switzerland). On August 15, the group was placed under the 5 e armée. On August 18, the group was assigned the 51st Reserve Division and on August 31, the 74th Infantry Brigade of the 37th Division. The group was disbanded on September 30, 1914 (by order of September 20).
51 e division de réserve (51st reserve division - Arras) Formed with reservists of the I. Military Region.
53 e division de réserve (53rd reserve division - Rouen) Formed with reservists of III. Military region.
69 e division de réserve (69th reserve division - Reims) Formed with reservists of the VI. Military region.
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Africa Army
| (Armée d'Afrique) |
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The Africa Army, formed in the XIX. Military region, arrived in metropolitan France at the beginning of August with the 37th and 38th Infantry Divisions. Its establishment, as well as that of the "Division marocaine" (Moroccan Division), was carried out according to Plan XVII . The African Army was reinforced on August 19 with the formation of the 46th Infantry Division. 37 e division d'infanterie (37th Infantry Division - Philippeville) The 37th Infantry Division was set up in Philippeville from parts of the "Division de Constantine ". The crossing was carried out between August 5th and 8th, 1914, the bulk of the troops went ashore in Marseille . The army gathered at Arles between August 8 and 10 and was then transported from August 12 via Chasse-sur-Rhône , Noisy, Le Bourget to Hirson , where it arrived on August 13. From there she marched to Auvillers-les-Forges and Rocroi .
38 e division d'infanterie (38th Infantry Division - Algiers) The 38th Infantry Division was set up in Algiers from parts of the "Division d'Alger", as provided for by Plan XVII. The crossing was carried out between August 4 and 7, 1914, the bulk of the troops went ashore in Cette . The army rallied at Avignon between August 8 and 10 and was then transported to Hirson and Chimay between August 12 and 16 .
Division marocaine (Moroccan Division - Rabat) The Moroccan Division (other name: Division de marche du Maroc - Moroccan Marching Division ) was set up in Rabat on August 6, by order of the War Ministry of July 30, 1914 by the French General Resident in Morocco, although this was not provided for in Plan XVII. The division went ashore in Bordeaux between August 11 and 15 and was transported by rail to Laon , Saint-Michel, Signy-le-Petit and Auvillers between August 19 and 27 . From there the march to Tournes followed, where she was assigned to the 9th Corps.
45 e division d'infanterie (45th Infantry Division - Oran) The 45th Infantry Division was set up in Oran by order of August 19, 1914 from parts of the "Division d'Oran", although this was not provided for in Plan XVII. The division was disembarked at Cette between August 24 and 26 and housed in Narbonne. On August 27, the division was fully equipped with material and animals. Then the staff and the 89th Brigade were transported by rail via Toulouse and Juvisy-sur-Orge to the south of Paris and placed under the command of the Military Governor of Paris on August 30th . On August 31, the garrison was moved into Bourg-la-Reine . The 90th Brigade followed on September 1, 1914. On September 3, the division was completely assembled in Bourget and marched from here to the Mesnil-Amelot region, where it was subordinated to the 6th Army on September 5.
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Alpine Army
| (Armée des Alpes) |
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The Alpine Army (also called “Armée de Lyon”), renamed “Inspection du Sud-Est” on August 3rd, was formed from the mobilized units of the XIV. And XV. Military region ( Lyon and Marseille ) put together to defend the border in the event of a war against the Kingdom of Italy. The staff was mobilized on August 2nd in Lyon, as were the units belonging to it in the vicinity of Chambéry , Lyon, Avignon , Antibes and Gap. The "Inspection du Sud-Est" was dissolved on August 17th.
44 e division d'infanterie (44th Infantry Division - Lyon) On August 11, 1914 in Lyon according to Plan XVII from the active units of the XIV. And XV. Military region set up. On August 14th she was transported by train to Grandvillars and on August 15th it was placed under the Armée d'Alsace. On August 22nd she was transferred to the 13th Corps and on August 27th to the 21st Corps of the 1st Army.
64 e division de reserve (64th reserve division - Grenoble) Set up in Grenoble with reservists from the XIV Military Region .
65 e division de réserve (65th reserve division - Nice) With reservists from the XV. Military region set up in Nice .
74 e division de réserve (74th reserve division - Chambéry) Set up in Chambéry with reservists from the XIV Military Region .
75 e division de réserve (75th reserve division - Avignon) With reservists from the XV. Military region set up in Avignon .
91 e division d'infanterie territoriale - DTC (91st Territorial Field Division - Toulouse) With territorial forces (German: Landwehr) from the XVII. Military region set up in Toulouse .
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Mobile fortress defense north-east
| (Défense mobile des places du Nord-Est) |
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Four reserve divisions were assigned to support the four main fortified places in the east, the fixed places . These were the fortresses of Verdun , Toul , Épinal and Belfort . These divisions were not intended as garrison troops, but were to be used in mobile defense, i.e. outside the actual fortress areas. 57 e division de réserve (57th reserve division - Belfort) Set up with reservists from the VII Military Region and assigned to the Belfort Fortress area.
71 e division de réserve (71st reserve division - Épinal) Formed with reservists of the XXI. Military region and the fortified area of Épinal assigned.
72 e division de réserve (72nd reserve division - Verdun) Formed with reservists of the VI. Military region and the Verdun fortress area.
73 e division de réserve (73rd reserve division - Toul) Set up with reservists of the XX. Military region and the fortress area of Toul .
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Units at the disposition of the Minister of War
| (Formations à la disposition du ministre de la Guerre) |
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The Plan XVII called for, a number of organizations at the disposal of the Minister of War (when the war began Adolphe Messimy , on August 26 by Alexandre Millerand to ask replaced). However, they were gradually assigned to the High Command (Grand Quartier Général) under Général Joseph Joffre . 67 e division de réserve (67th reserve division - Montauban) With reservists from the XVII. Military region set up in Montauban . The division was transported to Camp de Mailly between August 11 and 13, and then transferred to Camp de Châlons. Between 16 and 20 August, the transfer to Lorraine took place with the deployment to Sainte-Menehould , Clermont-en-Argonne and Verdun .
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Military Governorate of Paris
| (Gouvernement militaire de Paris) |
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The defense of the "Fortified Camp of Paris" (Camp retranché de Paris) was under the responsibility of the Governor militaire de Paris (GMP) and the two reserve divisions and five territorial divisions subordinate to him. The 61st and 62nd Reserve Divisions and the 84th Territorial Field Division were assigned to mobile defense. The 83rd Territorial Fortress Division stood in the center, the 85th Territorial Fortress Division in the east, the 89th Territorial Fortress Division in the southwest, and the 86th Territorial Fortress Division in the north. On August 14, the military governor was given a department of marine infantry, which formed a brigade on August 29 and was withdrawn on October 7, 1914. Further reinforcements were the 185th Territorial Brigade on August 14th, the 45th Infantry Division on August 30th, then the 6th Army, the 6th Reserve Division Group, the Sordet Cavalry Corps on September 1st, and the 8th Division on September 3rd. Infantry Division and, on September 6, a Spahi's brigade .
On August 2, 1914, command of the southwest region was transferred to Général Mercier-Milon, that of the east to Général Vauthier and that of the north to Général Coupillaud. The military government of Paris was subordinated to the commander in chief on September 1, 1914. On September 7, 1914, the 6th Army was directly subordinated to the High Command. On August 28, 1914, the 61st and 62nd Reserve Divisions were transferred to the 6th Reserve Division Group under Général Ebener (Chief of Staff: Lieutenant-colonel de Ménil). The group was only under the command of the Military Governor of Paris from September 1 to 10, 1914. 61 e division de réserve (61st reserve division - Vannes) Set up in Vannes with reservists from the XI. Military region, the division was transported to Le Bourget between August 6 and 14 .
62 e division de réserve (62nd reserve division - Angoulême) Set up in Angoulême with reservists of the XII. Military region. From Angoulême the division was marched between August 5th and 17th to Ivry and Gonesse .
83 e division d'infanterie territoriale - DTP (83rd Territorial Fortress Division - Chartres) Established as a fortress division in Chartres with territorial forces of the 4th military region.
84 e division d'infanterie territoriale - DTC (84th Territorial Field Division - Laval) Set up in Laval with Territorial Forces of the IV Military Region and transferred to Massy-Palaiseau, Wissous and Choisy-le-Roi between August 12 and 13.
85 e division d'infanterie territoriale - DTP (85th Territorial-Fortress Division - Châteauroux) Set up in Châteauroux with territorial forces of the IX. Military region and moved to Villiers-sur-Marne on August 8th.
86 e division d'infanterie territoriale - DTP (86th Territorial Fortress Division - Angers) Set up in Angers with territorial forces of the IX. Military region. Relocation to Chevaleret-Ivry on August 9 and to Pierrefitte on August 10.
89 e division d'infanterie territoriale - DTP (89th Territorial Fortress Division - Angoulême) Set up in Angoulême with territorial forces of the XII. Military region. Relocated to Ruelle, Ivry on September 11, 1914 and to Versailles on September 12.
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Fortified places
| (Places fortifiées) |
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Outside the area of command of the Military Governor of Paris, there were other fortified squares along the borders and on the coasts, whose peace garrisons were reinforced in the event of mobilization. I re région militaire (I. Military Region):
II e région militaire (II. Military region):
VI e région militaire (VI. Military Region):
XX e région militaire (XX. Military region):
XXI e région militaire (XXI. Military region):
VII e région militaire (VII. Military region):
VIII e région militaire (VIII. Military Region):
XIV e région militaire (XIV. Military region):
XV e région militaire (XV. Military region):
XVI e région militaire (XVI. Military region):
XVIII e région militaire (XVIII. Military region):
XI e région militaire (XI. Military region):
X e région militaire (X. Military Region):
III e région militaire (III. Military region):
XIX e région militaire (XIX military region):
in the other colonies: |
Unallocated divisions
| (Divisions isolées) |
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The surveillance of the Spanish border and the coastal areas has been assigned to six Territorial Field Divisions. On August 16, 1914, the 81st, 82nd, 84th and 88th Territorial Field Divisions were subordinated to the High Command and moved to Arras and Douai , where they formed the group of Territorial Divisions and as "Groupe d'Amade" by Général Albert d'Amade were commanded. 81 e division d'infanterie territoriale - DTC (81st Territorial Field Division - Amiens) In Amiens positioned with territorial forces of the II. Military Region.
82 e division d'infanterie territoriale - DTC (82nd Territorial Field Division - Rouen) In Rouen with territorial forces of III. Military region set up.
87 e division d'infanterie territoriale - DTC (87th Territorial Field Division - Saint-Servan) Set up in Saint-Servan with Territorial Forces of the X Military Region.
88 e division d'infanterie territoriale - DTC (88th Territorial Field Division - Nantes) In Nantes with territorial forces of the XI. Military region set up.
90 e division d'infanterie territoriale - DTC (90th Territorial Field Division - Perpignan) In Perpignan with territorial forces of the XVI. Military region set up.
The infantry was commanded to North Africa and West Morocco on August 12, 1914. The division association was dissolved on September 16, 1914. The staff, engineers and support troops were used in Camp de la Valbonne from September 28 to form the 94th Territorial Division. The cavalry and the artillery remained in their mobilization places at disposal.
92 e division d'infanterie territoriale - DTC (92nd Territorial Field Division - Bordeaux) In Bordeaux with territorial forces of the XVIII. Military region set up.
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Territorial forces
| (Infantry, cavalry, artillery, train, workers' departments, medical service) |
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infantry In addition to the regiments placed in the Territorial Divisions, there were a number that were used to reinforce the Fortified Places. I re région militaire (I. Military Region)
II e région militaire (II. Military region)
III e région militaire (III. Military region) IV e région militaire (IV. Military region)
V e région militaire (V military region) VI e région militaire (VI. Military region)
VII e région militaire (VII. Military region)
VIII e région militaire (VIII. Military Region)
IX e région militaire (IX. Military Region) All regiments were assigned to divisions. X e région militaire (Xth military region)
XI e région militaire (XI. Military region) All regiments were assigned to divisions. XII e région militaire (XII. Military region) XIII e région militaire (XIII. Military region)
XIV e région militaire (XIV. Military region)
XV e région militaire (XV. Military region)
XVI e région militaire (XVI. Military region)
XVII e région militaire (XVII. Military region)
XVIII e région militaire (XVIII. Military region)
Cavalry (cavalry squadrons of territorial troops)
Artillery (artillery groups of the territorial troops) The active artillery regiments were each reinforced with a group (division of two batteries) of the territorial (Landwehr) artillery.
Génie (Engineer Battalions of the Territorial Forces)
Train (train - transport and supply of territorial troops)
Commis et ouvriers (Territorial departments of military workers and administrative employees)
Infirmiers militaires (medical service)
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August reorganization
| (Restructuring in August 1914) |
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During the border battles, the French combat units were gradually reorganized and better adapted to the new conditions that had arisen from the German threat to the French left flank in the north. Armée d'Alsace The "Armée d'Alsace" (Alsace Army) was set up on August 10, 1914. For this purpose, the 7th Corps and the 1st Reserve Division Group were transferred by the 1st Army on August 11th. Thereafter, the 57th Infantry Division on August 13, the 44th Infantry Division on August 15, the 63rd Infantry Division on August 18 and the 66th Infantry Division on August 19.
The task of the division was the attack on Upper Alsace from the "Trouée de Belfort". By order of August 26, 1914, the army was disbanded on August 28. The units were used to set up the "Groupement des Vosges" (Vosges group) and the 6 e armée. Corps de cavalerie Conneau
The "Cavalry Corps Conneau" was set up on August 14, 1914 in Lorraine and was assigned to the 6th and 10th Cavalry Divisions as the first units on August 15. The 2nd Cavalry Division followed on August 16. The corps was initially subordinated to the 2nd Army, but was transferred to the 1st Army on August 19. On August 21, it returned to the 2nd Army - only with the 2nd Cavalry Division and the 10th Cavalry Division. On August 30, the 10th Cavalry Division and the corps staff moved by rail to Épernay and formed a new cavalry corps there on September 1, 1914 with the 8th Cavalry Division. On September 3, the 4th Cavalry Division joined them. The corps was assigned to the 5th Army and was supposed to maintain contact with the British Expeditionary Corps . On September 26th, Général Conneau took command of the new 1st Cavalry Corps. Groupe d'Amade
The "Groupe d'Amade" (so named after the commander Général Amade) was officially called the "Groupe de divisions territoriales" (group of territorial divisions) and was set up on August 16, 1914 at the disposition of the high command. The main task was to monitor the coasts. The group consisted of the 81st, 82nd and 84th Territorial Field Division, plus the 88th Territorial Field Division on August 22nd. The task was to occupy the section between Dunkirk and Maubeuge. Then she was withdrawn between August 26 and September 11, first on Amiens and then on to Rouen. Armée de Lorraine
Set up on August 17, 1914 in the Woëvre plain as part of the 3rd Army by order of August 16 . It consisted of the 3rd Reserve Division Group (67th and 72nd Reserve Divisions) and the fortress garrisons of Toul and Verdun. By order of August 19, the conversion into the "Lorraine Army" with the 55th, 56th, 65th and 75th reserve divisions, plus the fortress garrisons of Toul and Verdun, took place on August 22, 1914. The task was to guard the German fortress of Metz and of Pont-à-Mousson as well as the occupation of the Meuse heights and the connection to the 2nd Army after Audun-le-Roman . The "Armée de Lorraine" was disbanded on August 27, 1914 and the units used to set up the 6th Army. Corps de cavalerie subscriptions
The "Kavaleriekorps Abo" was set up as a provisional association with the 4th and 9th Cavalry Divisions on August 18, 1914 and assigned to the 4th Army. In the course of the Battle of the Ardennes it was disbanded on August 25th. 6 e armée
The 6th Army was formed by order of August 26, 1914. The staff came from the "Armée de Lorraine" (which was disbanded on August 27), plus the 7th Corps and the 3rd and 6th Reserve Division Groups. The units were assembled in the area around Péronne , Amiens and Montdidier . From September 1, more and more units were withdrawn, such as the 6th Reserve Division Group, the 45th Infantry Division, the 5th Reserve Division, the 8th Infantry Division and others. 9 e armée
The 9th Army (originally "Détachement d'armée Foch" - Foch Army Department - called) was set up on August 20 in the area of Guignicourt with the 9th and 11th Army Corps as well as the 42nd Infantry Division and the 52nd Reserve Division. It was under the command of the 4th Army and had to maintain contact with the 6th Army. On September 5th, the department was renamed 9 e armée. The following were added as reinforcements:
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literature
- Répartition et emplacement des troupes de l'armée française. Imprimerie nationale, Paris 1914 / 1922–1934 ( map on Gallica ).
- Les armées françaises dans la Grande Guerre. 1936, Volume 1, Part 1: L'avant-guerre. La bataille des frontières ( digitized in Gallica ).
- Les armées françaises dans la Grande Guerre. 1923. Volume 10, Part 1: Ordres de bataille des grandes unités. Grands quartiers généraux, groupe d'armées, armées, corps d'armée ( digitized on Gallica ).
- Les armées françaises dans la Grande Guerre. 1924. Volume 10, Part 2: Ordres de bataille des grandes unités. Divisions d'infanterie, divisions de cavalerie ( digitized on Gallica ).
- Joseph Joffre: Mémoires du maréchal Joffre. 1910-1917. 2 volumes. Plon, Paris 2008, ISBN 978-2-35551-010-6 (first edition 1932, volume 1: digitized on Gallica , volume 2: digitized on Gallica ; new edition 1935).
- Henri Ortholan, Jean-Pierre Verney: L'armée française de l'été 1914. Ed .: French Ministry of Defense . Bernard Giovanangeli, Paris 2004, ISBN 2-909034-48-8 ( limited preview in Google book search).
- Jean-Claude Laparra, Jacques Didier: La machine à vaincre. De l'espoir à la désillusion. Histoire de l'armée allemande 1914–1918. 14.-18. Edition. Saint-Cloud, 2006, ISBN 2-9519539-8-4 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
Web links
- Cartography 1914–1918. Le front ouest de la première guerre mondiale (the front in the east)
- Historique du 4 me Régiment d'Infanterie Territorial on Gallica (War diary of the 4th Territorial Infantry Regiment). F. Deligne, Cambrai
Individual evidence
AFGG = Les Armées françaises dans la Grande Guerre. French standard work on military history in 11 volumes and 21 partial volumes, published by the Service historique de la Défense . Imprimerie nationale, Paris 1922–1939
JMO = Journaux des marches et opérations (troop diaries)
- ↑ AFGG I / 1 (1936), p. 54, digitalisat on Gallica .
- ↑ Laparra, 2006, pp. 47-49.
- ↑ AFGG I / 1 (1936), pp. 517-520, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ AFGG I / 1 (1936), p. 529, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ AFGG I / 1 (1936), pp. 517-585, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ AFGG I / 1 (1936), p. 536, digitized on Gallica .
- ^ Joseph Joffre : Mémoires du maréchal Joffre. 1910-1917. 2 volumes. Plon, Paris 2008, ISBN 978-2-35551-010-6 (first edition 1932, volume 1: digitized on Gallica , volume 2: digitized on Gallica ; new edition 1935).
- ↑ AFGG I / 1 (1936), p. 540, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ JMO der I re armée. In: Mémoire des hommes. Ed .: French Ministry of Defense ( SHD ).
- ↑ AFGG X / 1 (1923), p. 42, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ Les escadrilles de l'aéronautique militaire française de 1910 à 1918. In: Les escadrilles françaises de la Grande Guerre. L'historique du l'EC 1/3 “Navarre”. Les insignes homologés par l'armée de l'Air.
- ↑ AFGG X / 2 (1924), p. 1053, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ AFGG I / 1 (1936), p. 547, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ JMO of the II e armée. In: Mémoire des hommes (SHD).
- ↑ AFGG I / 1 (1936), p. 598, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ AFGG X / 1 (1923), p. 42, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ AFGG I / 1 (1936), p. 556, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ JMO of the III e armée. In: Mémoire des hommes (SHD).
- ↑ AFGG I / 1 (1936), p. 158, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ AFGG X / 2 (1924), p. 53, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ AFGG X / 2 (1924), p. 69, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ AFGG X / 1 (1923), p. 603, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ AFGG I / 1 (1936), p. 563, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ AFGG X / 1 (1923), p. 203, digitized on Gallica .
- ^ JMO of the IV e armée. In: Mémoire des hommes (SHD).
- ↑ AFGG X / 1 (1923), p. 204, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ AFGG X / 2 (1924), p. 193, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ AFGG X / 2 (1924), p. 265, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ AFGG X / 2 (1924), p. 957, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ AFGG I / 1 (1936), p. 567, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ JMO of the V e armée. In: Mémoire des hommes (SHD).
- ↑ AFGG X / 1 (1923), p. 266, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ AFGG X / 2 (1924), p. 401, digitized on Gallica .
- ^ JMO of the Corps de cavalerie Sordet. In: Mémoire des hommes (SHD).
- ↑ AFGG X / 2 (1924), p. 1031, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ AFGG X / 1 (1923), p. 597, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ AFGG X / 2 (1924), p. 443, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ AFGG X / 2 (1924), p. 501, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ AFGG X / 1 (1923), p. 602, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ AFGG X / 2 (1924), p. 527, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ JMO der 37 e DI. In: Mémoire des hommes (SHD).
- ↑ JMO der 38 e DI. In: Mémoire des hommes (SHD).
- ↑ AFGG X / 2 (1924), p. 305, digitized on Gallica .
- ^ JMO of the marocaine division. In: Mémoire des hommes (SHD).
- ↑ JMO der 45 e DI. In: Mémoire des hommes (SHD).
- ^ JMO of the Groupe d'Amade. In: Mémoire des hommes (SHD).
- ↑ AFGG X / 1 (1923), p. 525, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ AFGG X / 2 (1924), p. 549, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ AFGG X / 2 (1924), p. 557, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ JMO der 61 e DR. In: Mémoire des hommes (SHD).
- ↑ AFGG X / 2 (1924), p. 473, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ AFGG X / 2 (1924), p. 645, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ JMO des 7 e RIT. In: Mémoire des hommes (SHD).
- ↑ JMO des 8 e RIT. In: Mémoire des hommes (SHD).
- ↑ JMO des 6 e RIT. In: Mémoire des hommes (SHD).
- ↑ Les troupes. In: Prisonniers de guerre 14-18.
- ^ Sauvegarde du Fort et de la Batterie des Ayvelles ( Memento of May 2, 2018 in the Internet Archive ).
- ↑ AFGG X / 2 (1924), p. 653, digitized on Gallica .
- ↑ AFGG X / 1 (1923), pp. 527-529, digitized on Gallica .
Footnotes
- ^ The decree of September 26, 1913 ordered the establishment of a XXI. Military region, plus those of the 9th and 10th Cavalry Divisions.
- ↑ Of the twelve battalions, five were stationed in Morocco, four in Algeria and three in Indochina during the mobilization .
- ↑ These regiments consisted of six colonial marching battalions and twelve battalions of Senegalese riflemen (Tirailleurs sénegalais).
- ↑ Before the mobilization, the Spahi regiments consisted of a total of 25 escadrons of four or five per regiment.
- ↑ The latter corresponded to the German Landwehr.
- ↑ Example: The reserve regiment of the "77th Infantry Regiment" was the "Reserve Regiment 277".
- ↑ Général Paul Pau was planned for this until the beginning of 1914 , but because of his advanced age he was replaced by Castelnau.
- ↑ Joseph Gallieni was intended for this command, because of his advanced age he was replaced on April 24, 1914 by Larenzac.
- ↑ The Trouée de Stenay, the Trouée de Charmes and the Trouée de Belfort were three intentionally left open gaps in the Barrière de fer fortress bar .
- ↑ The "Hole at Belfort". This is the gap in the mountains between the Vosges and the Swiss Jura - the Swiss border.