Krems at the Donau

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Statutory city
Krems at the Donau
coat of arms Austria map
Coat of arms of Krems an der Donau
Krems an der Donau (Austria)
Krems at the Donau
Basic data
Country: Austria
State : Lower Austria
Political District : Statutory city
License plate : KS
Surface: 51.7 km²
Coordinates : 48 ° 25 '  N , 15 ° 37'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 24 '39 "  N , 15 ° 36' 37"  E
Height : 203  m above sea level A.
Residents : 25,036 (January 1, 2020)
Population density : 484 inhabitants per km²
Postcodes : 3500 , 3506 (Krems-Süd)
Area code : 02732 , 02739 (Krems-Süd)
Community code : 3 01 01
NUTS region AT124
UN / LOCODE AT KRE
Address of the
municipal administration: 		Obere Landstrasse 4
3500 Krems an der Donau
Website: www.krems.gv.at
politics
mayor Reinhard Resch ( SPÖ )
Municipal Council : (2017)
(40 members)
19th
11
6th
2
1
1
19th 11 6th 2 1 1 
A total of 40 seats

Location of Krems an der Donau
Bezirk Amstetten Bezirk Baden (Niederösterreich) Bezirk Bruck an der Leitha Bezirk Gänserndorf Bezirk Gmünd Bezirk Hollabrunn Bezirk Horn Bezirk Korneuburg Krems an der Donau Bezirk Krems-Land Bezirk Lilienfeld Bezirk Melk Bezirk Mistelbach Bezirk Mödling Bezirk Neunkirchen St. Pölten Bezirk St. Pölten-Land Bezirk Scheibbs Bezirk Tulln Bezirk Waidhofen an der Thaya Waidhofen an der Ybbs Wiener Neustadt Bezirk Wiener Neustadt-Land Bezirk ZwettlLocation of the district of Krems an der Donau in the federal state of Lower Austria (clickable map)
About this picture
Template: Infobox municipality in Austria / maintenance / site plan image map
Source: Municipal data from Statistics Austria

BW

Impressions from Krems and Stein 2008 (video)

Krems an der Donau is the fifth largest city in Lower Austria with 25,036 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2020) and is located on the Danube 70 km west of Vienna . As a statutory town , it fulfills the tasks of a municipality as well as a district , and it is the administrative seat of the Krems-Land district . Today the city is a trading city, a cultural city as well as a school and university center.

geography

Geographical location

Krems is located in the Danube Valley in Lower Austria, where the Große Krems meets the Danube, on the eastern edge of the Wachau and on the southern edge of the Waldviertel . Wagram and Tullnerfeld connect to the east. In the opposite Danube area the Dunkelsteinerwald extends . Mautern, which has been inhabited since Roman times, is located on the right bank of the Danube .

Krems is at an altitude of 203  m above sea level. A. , the lowest point in the municipality are the stone slabs near Hollenburg ( 189  m ), the highest is approx. ( 545  m ) near Scheibenhof.

and display information about the image
Panorama Krems: left Piaristenkirche Krems , right parish church St. Veit , far right spire of the Bürgerspitalkirche ; In the background: in the middle of the Tisza power plant , on the right the Dürnrohr power plant , on the far right on the mountain the Wetterkreuzkirche (district of Hollenburg)
and display information about the image
Panorama of the Stein district - seen from Mautern. Middle, a little to the right former Frauenberg church , parish church St. Nicholas , after the poplars former Minorite church

climate

The climate in Krems is a transitional climate with oceanic influences from the west and continental influences from the east. This can be seen in comparatively high temperature fluctuations, with warm, hot summers and cool winters. The highest measured temperature in the reference period 1971-2000 was 36.8 ° C in June and the lowest -22.8 ° C in January. The annual average temperature is 9.4 ° C, with July being the warmest month with an average of 19.5 ° C and January the coldest at −0.6 ° C. At around 500 l / m², Krems has a very low annual rainfall, the Austrian average is around 1100 l / m². Overall, the climate in Krems and the surrounding area is very suitable for viticulture.

Krems at the Donau
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
17th
 
3
-3
 
 
21st
 
5
-3
 
 
27
 
10
1
 
 
38
 
15th
5
 
 
58
 
21st
9
 
 
80
 
23
12
 
 
80
 
26th
14th
 
 
62
 
26th
13
 
 
46
 
20th
10
 
 
28
 
15th
5
 
 
34
 
8th
1
 
 
25th
 
4th
-2
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source: http://www.zamg.ac.at/fix/klima/oe71-00/klima2000/klimadaten_oesterreich_1971_frame1.htm
Average monthly temperatures and precipitation for Krems an der Donau
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 3.1 5.1 10.2 15.3 20.6 23.3 25.8 25.5 20.4 14.5 7.5 3.7 O 14.6
Min. Temperature (° C) -3.2 -2.5 0.8 4.5 9.0 12.0 13.8 13.4 9.7 4.9 0.8 -2.1 O 5.1
Temperature (° C) -0.6 0.8 4.9 9.3 14.6 17.6 19.5 18.9 14.3 8.9 3.7 0.7 O 9.4
Precipitation ( mm ) 17.3 21.0 27.4 37.5 58.2 80.2 79.8 62.0 45.5 28.3 33.6 24.9 Σ 515.7
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 1.8 3.2 4.1 5.5 7.1 7.1 7.7 7.6 5.2 3.9 1.8 1.4 O 4.7
Rainy days ( d ) 5.0 5.1 5.8 6.5 9.0 9.9 9.6 8.4 6.9 5.0 7.2 6.0 Σ 84.4
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
3.1
-3.2
5.1
-2.5
10.2
0.8
15.3
4.5
20.6
9.0
23.3
12.0
25.8
13.8
25.5
13.4
20.4
9.7
14.5
4.9
7.5
0.8
3.7
-2.1
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		17.3
21.0
27.4
37.5
58.2
80.2
79.8
62.0
45.5
28.3
33.6
24.9
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

nature

Due to the transition between different climatic zones (the mild Pannonian climate to the harsh Waldviertel climate), there is a wide variety of vegetation in Krems, from wetlands in the alluvial forests to dry grass in the vineyards.

City structure

The districts of Krems
The west view of the Stein district
Rehberg in the Kremstal district

The municipality includes the following 12 localities (population in brackets as of January 1, 2020):

  • Angern (172)
  • Brunnkirchen (240)
  • Egelsee (997)
  • Gneixendorf (1280)
  • Hollenburg (443)
  • Krems an der Donau (14,537)
  • Landersdorf (1006)
  • Lerchenfeld (2058)
  • Rehberg (1802)
  • Scheibenhof (80)
  • Stein an der Donau (2116)
  • Thallern (289)

The community consists of the cadastral communities Angern , Egelsee , Gneixendorf , Hollenburg , Krems, Landersdorf , Rehberg , Scheibenhof , Stein , Thallern and Weinzierl bei Krems.

The densely populated district of Mitterau belongs to the Krems cadastral community , in which there is a location for the Church of the University of Education in Vienna / Krems . In the interwar period, the Lerchenfeld district was created (also the location of VOEST Krems ).

Districts
  • I. Downtown
  • II. Weinzierl
  • III. Mitterau
  • IV. Stone
  • V. Egelsee
  • VI. Rehberg
  • VII. Am Steindl
  • VIII. Gneixendorf
  • IX. Lerchenfeld
  • X. Krems-Süd

Neighboring communities

Senftenberg
Stratzing 		Langenlois
Dürnstein compass Rohrendorf ,
Gedersdorf
Mautern Paudorf ,
Furth 		Grafenwörth ( Tulln )
Traismauer ( St. Pölten )
Nußdorf ( St. Pölten )

history

Prehistory (from 30,000 BC)

Reconstruction of the infant grave from Wachtberg discovered in 2005

In 2005, a 27,000 year old child's grave was found during excavations on the Wachtberg . These finds from the Ice Age are the oldest known burial sites in Austria. The grave site has been well preserved in the loess deposits . The two buried infants were covered with a shoulder blade of a mammoth . There are also grave goods preserved.

The find in the course of archaeological excavations near Krems-Rehberg was just as spectacular: the oldest work of art in Austria to date, Fanny vom Galgenberg , a 32,000-year-old female statuette. The original of the delicate figure is presented in the Natural History Museum Vienna together with Venus von Willendorf , who is a few thousand years younger .

Slavic settlement (from 7th century), colonization (from 9th / 10th century)

The oldest branches in the Krems-Stein area were not permanently inhabited. Even in the early Middle Ages, armed conflicts drove the settlers away again and again. The latest finds of Slavic settlements, especially in Krems and Stein, suggest that the Slavs have continued to settle since the 7th century. With the battle on the Lechfeld in 955, the situation stabilized, and the colonization on behalf of Bavarian and Salzburg monasteries and monasteries increased. For Krems and Stein it is certain that from the 10th century merchant and administrative bases were built quickly and continuously around the Hohen Markt in Krems and the church settlement on Frauenberg in Stein. The oldest document with the name Krems ( orientalis urbs quae dicitur Cremisa ) is from 995 . To the south of the Danube, today's district of Hollenburg is already mentioned in a deed of donation from 860.

Foundation, mint and customs office, town charter (11th / 12th centuries), destruction of the Jewish communities (1421)

The parish of Krems was founded in 1014 and from 1130–1190 Krems was the mint of the oldest Babenberg mint. Before 1200, Stein became a royal customs post. The oldest written city law has come down to us from 1305, but it probably dates back to the Babenberg era. The two settlement areas Krems and Stein were separated in nature at that time, but connected by a common city law and common administration. Rapid growth, both in terms of economic power and space, characterizes this section of the city's history. As part of the Viennese Gesera ordered by Duke Albrecht V with an edict in 1421 , the Jewish community in Krems and in 16 other sovereign towns, including Herzogenburg , were destroyed.

On April 1, 1463, Emperor Friedrich III. the city of Krems a new city coat of arms, which is still valid today. It shows a reinforced, red-tongued golden double-headed eagle with an imperial crown hovering overhead on a black background. In addition, Krems received the privilege to build a bridge over the Danube. The Bürgerspitalkapelle was built around 1470, with the motto of Kaiser Friedrich III in the lintel of the portal. AEIOU , with the year 1470 in Gothic numerals, shows.

In 1447, the Kremser Hauerinnung St. Paul , the oldest Hauerinnung in the German-speaking area, was first mentioned in a document.

Modern times

City view from the 17th century

In the 16th century Krems was a center of the Reformation, supported by the wealthy long-distance trade merchants and the high-income craftsmen. At the end of the century Krems was almost 100 percent Protestant, but the Counter Reformation struck with full force. Many churches and secular buildings are witnesses of the high economic power and the church reform disputes. In the end, the Catholics were victorious, and there was also an economic catastrophe, triggered by a devastating city fire: in 1645 the city was conquered by the Swedes during the Thirty Years' War after a year-long siege and then recaptured by the imperial troops, with half of the houses being damaged or destroyed. The Capuchin monastery between the two towns of Krems and Stein ( “Und” monastery ) was founded in 1612; after a fire in 1656 it is rebuilt. In 1756 Martin Johann Schmidt became a citizen of Stein. The last great baroque painter in Austria lived and worked here until his death in 1801.

In the 18th and 19th centuries in particular, lignite was mined in villages south of the Danube that are now incorporated . The underground mining left cavities in the subsoil, which sometimes lead to sinkholes, as in February 2019 in the Brunnkirchen district, where a 13 m deep hole suddenly appeared in a vineyard, which was led back to tunnels at least 30 m deep and filled to be on the safe side.

In the battle of Dürnstein (November 11, 1805) at the gates of Stein, the Austro-Russian troops defeated the French under Mortier , but the 3rd coalition war after the battle of Austerlitz was lost.

In 1849/50 separate city administrations were set up for the two cities of Krems and Stein - Stein was only attached to Krems in 1938.

In 1872 the city of Krems was connected to the rail network. The wooden bridge over the Danube is replaced by a steel structure in 1897. The bridge, which was destroyed in World War II, is supplemented by random elements; today it is a cultural monument of the turbulent history of the twin cities. In addition, the Krems - St. Pölten railway connection will be created after the Krems railway bridge has been completed.

On June 19, 1933, two National Socialists carried out a hand grenade attack on a group of Christian-German military gymnasts in the Alaun Valley . 30 gymnasts were injured, 17 seriously and one life-threatening; a gymnast died as a result of the attack. As a result, the Austrian NSDAP - Hitler movement , its subsidiary organizations and the Styrian Homeland Security were prohibited from operating . In connection with this, 43 “German national” gymnastics clubs were officially dissolved on June 21st. In addition, the death penalty was reintroduced on November 10, 1933, and expanded to include bomb attacks on July 8, 1934. A memorial stone was removed in 1938 and not reinstalled.

National Socialism, World War II

The annexation of Austria in 1938 also meant a serious turning point in the city's history. Persecution and expulsion of Jewish citizens, the prisoner-of-war camp STALAG XVII B Krems-Gneixendorf (the template for Billy Wilder's film Stalag 17 ), military interests in the industrial expansion in Lerchenfeld were just some of the effects and consequences of National Socialism.

Including 14 communities (Krems, Stein, Egelsee, Mautern , Oberrohrendorf , Unterrohrendorf , Landersdorf, Gneixendorf, Rehberg, Palt, Furth , Brunnkirchen, Thallern and Stratzing ) in the area, “Groß-Krems” was created during the Nazi era . The first construction projects that were implemented are the Krems harbor , a steelworks and the Lerchenfeld district, after which the expansion of Krems into the district capital in the Reichsgau Niederdonau was discontinued due to the war. Since the planned Gauforum could not be built for this reason , the administrative facilities did not move to Krems, but remained in Vienna.

In the same year, Krems was elevated to a statutory city by a decision from the Ministry of the Interior . The only bombing raid on Krems took place on April 2, 1945, causing massive damage in the area of ​​the train station and officially claiming 108 deaths (the exact number could not be determined because of the columns of refugees from the east moving through the city).

During the massacre in Stein prison on April 6, 1945, at least 229 political prisoners and five prison guards were shot by units of the police , the Kremser Volkssturm , the Wehrmacht garrison and the Waffen SS . The so-called "Kremser rabbit hunt" resulted in further casualties among released prisoners in the following days. On April 7th, 61 recaptured prisoners were victims of a firing squad of the Waffen SS in the Hadersdorf am Kamp cemetery . On April 15, another 44 inmates were shot dead in Stein prison.

Second republic

View of the old town of Krems

The second half of the 20th century brought many successes, including the expansion of the Krems harbor as a result of the increasing importance of the Danube route and, connected with it, a modern and efficient industry. The establishment of the State Academy and the founding of the Danube University Krems as well as an active role in the cultural life of the state led to further growth of Krems in the late 20th century. Various events and festivals, including the Glatt & Verkehrt music festival , the Lower Austrian Danube Festival or the successes of the Krems art gallery with major international exhibitions, confirm the path. The Kunstmeile Krems umbrella brand includes the caricature museum , an art library , the Frohner Forum and many other facilities. In 2000 the old towns of Krems and Stein, together with the Wachau, were named UNESCO World Heritage Sites .

population

City parish church of St. Veit

Religions

According to the 2001 census, the religious affiliation of the residents of Krems is made up as follows:

Roman Catholic : 74.1%
without confession: 13.6%
islamic : 04.0%
Protestant : 03.0%
orthodox : 01.3%
Other or no information: 04.4%

There are seven Catholic parishes in Krems that belong to the diocese of St. Pölten : St. Veit , St. Paul , Krems-Lerchenfeld , Stein , Rehberg, Egelsee, Brunnkirchen and Hollenburg. Parish churches in other parts of the city are also looked after by nearby parish offices.

Other religious communities with church buildings include: the Evangelical Parish with the Heilandskirche by Otto Bartning , the Old Catholic Church in Krems-St.Pölten with the Willibrord Chapel and the Romanian Baptist Community.

Population development

Magistrate of the City of Krems
Stein district


politics

Municipal council

Local council election 2017
Turnout: 65.07%
 %
50
40
30th
20th
10
0
46.09%
(+ 8.20  % p )
26.65%
(-9.50  % p )
15.05%
(+ 7.07  % p )
5.27%
(-1.65  % p )
3.59%
(-1.44  % p )
1.01%
(-3.72  % p )
2.33%
( n / a )
UBK f
PROKS
2012

2017

Template: election chart / maintenance / notes
Remarks:
f Independent citizens of Krems

Of the 40 mandates of the municipal council, the SPÖ had 16 seats, the ÖVP had 15 seats, the FPÖ had three seats and two seats each for the KLS ( communists and left-wing socialists), the Greens and the UBK (Independent citizens for Krems).

In the municipal council election on October 15, 2017, the SPÖ achieved 46.09 percent of the vote and thus achieved 19 seats, an increase of three seats. The ÖVP lost four seats and won eleven seats. The FPÖ achieved 15.05 percent and doubled its mandate to six. The KLS kept its two seats, the Greens lost one seat. The PROKS list moved into the municipal council with one seat.

City Senate

The city senate consists of the following members:

  • Mayor Reinhard Resch (SPÖ)
  • 1st Vice Mayor Eva Hollerer (SPÖ)
  • 2nd Vice Mayor Erwin Krammer (ÖVP)
  • StR Werner Friedl (FPÖ)
  • StR Günter Herz (SPÖ)
  • StR Sonja Hockauf-Bartaschek (ÖVP)
  • StR Albert Kisling (SPÖ)
  • StR Helmut Mayer (SPÖ)
  • StR Alfred Scheichel (SPÖ)
  • StR Martin Sedelmaier (ÖVP)
  • StR Werner Stöberl (SPÖ)

Coats of arms, colors and seals

Coat of arms Krems an der Donau.jpg

Flag of the city of Krems

Description of coat of arms :
A red-tipped golden double -headed eagle with an imperial crown hovering above the heads on a black background.
The flag of the city of Krems is black and gold. The city's colors are also black and gold. The official seal of the magistrate shows the coat of arms and the inscription Magistrat der Stadt Krems a. d. Danube on.
Steiner Tor on a coin

On April 1, 1463, Emperor Friedrich III. the city of Krems a new city coat of arms, which is still valid today.

The oldest known seal of the city with the inscription SIGIL (LUM) .CIVIUM.IN.CHREMS is documented from the time of Ottokar von Bohemia , i.e. around the year 1250. In 1318 and 1453 the city was demonstrably given new seals.

Town twinning

Krems maintains city ​​partnerships with the following cities :

The partnership was decided in the committees in 1971. But it was not completed until 1972. Therefore, 1972 is the beginning of the town twinning in Böblingen.
As a partner gift, Krems received the statue of the "Night Watchman from Grapevine", which is now placed at the roundabout Langenloiserstraße-Wienerstraße-Hohensteinstraße.

E-government

Residents of the city of Krems can request electronic invoices for u. a. Receive kindergarten and after-school care contributions, property tax or utility taxes. This direct debit authorization can be filled out and submitted from home using the online form . This simplifies administrative procedures for residents. Citizens can also provide suggestions and advice to the city administration using the online form. The city of Krems' online forms are based on AFORMSOLUTION from the IT company aforms2web .

economy

Established businesses

The largest industrial and commercial enterprises are VOEST Alpine Krems Finaltechnik, Eybl International AG and Eybl Austria GmbH (car accessories, textiles), Dynea Austria (chemical industry: synthetic resins and glues) and the Brantner Group. With the Technopol Krems (for medical biotechnology) there is an institution at the interface of business, research and training.

City supply

Theiss power plant

The municipal wastewater treatment plant is located in the east of the city. Further to the east is the nationally important Theiss steam power plant operated by EVN , which, in addition to generating electricity, supplies the town and community of Gedersdorf with district heating from EVN Wärme .

traffic

Krems is a traffic junction that results from its location on the Danube and the side valleys.

Krems is the endpoint of two expressways: the S5 ( Stockerauer Schnellstraße ) to the Stockerau junction on the A22 and the S33 ( Kremser Schnellstraße ) to the Sankt Pölten junction on the A1 . The Donau Straße B3 leads into the Wachau and on to Upper Austria , the Kremser Straße B37 leads into the Waldviertel to Zwettl . The L100 leads over the Mauterner Danube bridge and through Furth / Paudorf to Sankt Pölten. The Langenloiser Straße B218 leads from Krems via the Krems airfield to Langenlois and into the Kamptal , the Retzer Straße B35 from the Krems-Nord junction to Retz .

There are seven multi-storey car parks in the city center with around 2,750 parking spaces for stationary traffic.

The most famous cycle path in Austria, the Danube cycle path, leads through Krems . This leads from Donaueschingen via Passau to Krems and on to Vienna .

shipping

View from the Danube bridge to the port of Krems (2018)

The Danube port, which, along with Vienna and Linz, is one of the largest in Austria, is also of great importance .

The port has a 40- and 50-tonne crane bridge and a grain terminal with silo storage. In addition, the port of Krems has a lock that protects against flooding and can be closed if necessary. The total throughput in 2005 was 2,889,643 tons.

In addition to the Krems harbor, there is also the yacht harbor, the authorities harbor and four moorings for excursion boats in the Stein district.

The Krems boat station is the starting point for many sightseeing and themed trips to the Wachau, but also to Vienna and Linz. The DDSG Blue Danube , the Nostalgie Tours Krems and Brandner Schiffahrt depart from Krems. Since the opening of the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal , French and Dutch ships have also been sailing on demand.

The port also has facilities that can keep it ice-free even in prolonged cold spells. Air is blown into the water at a depth of six meters.

air traffic

The Krems airfield has an asphalt runway 904 meters long, which is suitable for aircraft up to 5 tons. There are also 4 hangars with 2400 m² of floor space.

Rail transport

Main building of the Krems train station (2010)

The Krems railway station is a railway junction. It is the end point of an electrified junction of the Franz-Josefs-Bahn and the starting point of the non-electrified routes to the Wachau ( Donauuferbahn ; opened in 1909) and over the Krems railway bridge to St. Pölten Hauptbahnhof ( Kremser Bahn ; opened in 1879). In addition, the trains of the Kamptalbahn branching off in Hadersdorf am Kamp leave in Krems.

Bus transport

Krems is served by four Wieselbus lines (C, E, F, G) that connect St. Pölten with various regions of Lower Austria. In addition, the bus station at Krems train station is the starting point for several bus routes operated by ÖBB-Postbus GmbH to the Waldviertel and the Wachau and the Wachau lines, which are operated every day (including Sundays and public holidays) by the companies Zuklinbus and Pichelbauer every hour (WL 1, north bank) or every two hours (WL 2, south bank).

Four city bus lines operated by ÖBB-Postbus GmbH operate in the city, all of which have their start and end points at the train station:

  • Line 1: Bahnhof - Stein - Bahnhof
  • Line 2: Bahnhof - Mitterau - Bahnhof
  • Line 3: Bahnhof - Lerchenfeld - Bahnhof
  • Line 4: Bahnhof - Rehberg - Turnerberg - Bahnhof

In addition, the WL 3 line provides a shuttle connection between the train station and the Danube University.

In addition to the classic public transport, there is an on- call bus service from Krems to Göttweig and Grafenegg on the Wachau line WL 4 in the summer season .

Social infrastructure

Healthcare

Krems is home to the Krems University Hospital with 472 beds, 11 bed management departments, five institutes and 1008 employees (172 doctors, 573 nurses, 163 others). The Christophorus 2 rescue helicopter stationed in Krems was put into service on September 1, 1983 and flies around 1000 missions a year. There are six pharmacies in Krems as well as a district office of the Austrian Red Cross that handles the rescue service.

police

Besides Waidhofen an der Ybbs , Krems an der Donau is the only statutory city in Austria for which a state police department is not a security authority . This function is carried out by the city council. However, the city has its own district police command in the Mitterau district (and not, as one would assume, a city ​​police command ), to which, however, only one police station is attached. There is also a branch office of the Lower Austria State Criminal Police Office in Krems . The city police station, police station, the Krems motorway police station, the district police station for the Krems area and the tax office are housed in the same building. Because the Danube flows through the urban area of ​​Krems, there is the Krems Electricity Police Inspection with the associated authority harbor (partly pioneer training area of ​​the armed forces ) on the protective dam near the fire station . The Strompolizei Krems has two police boats (Krems and Archimedes) and 4 emergency vehicles. In the same building as the electricity police are also the waterways directorate - center (short: WSD ) as well as the electricity and port authorities.

Judiciary

Courthouse in Krems
Stein Prison

In Krems there is a regional court that is responsible for the Waldviertel region, as well as a district court for the Krems-Land district and the city of Krems.

There are two prisons in Krems:

fire Department

As a result of the incorporation in the 1960s and 1970s, in contrast to most other fire brigades in Lower Austria, there were also mergers among the fire brigades, which is why Krems only has a single volunteer fire brigade - but with over 500 volunteer members it is also a corresponding size. Due to its size, which is atypical for volunteer fire brigades, the Krems fire brigade is spread across several areas throughout the city. The main division: fire brigade command, three area commanders (area NORTH, area CENTER, area SOUTH), the following 11 trains with 22 groups:

  • I., II., III. and IV. train at the main base in Krems (largest fire brigade unit, Mitterau exit S5)
  • V. Zug in the fire station district of Stein (smallest unit)
  • VI. Train in the fire station district of Rehberg
  • VII. Train in the fire station in the Gneixendorf district
  • VIII. Train in the fire station in the Egelsee district
  • IX. Train in the fire station district of Hollenburg
  • X. Train in the fire station district of Thallern
  • XI. Train in the fire station district of Angern

In addition, there are twelve company fire brigades in Krems , which look after their own operational area within the city, and may also be deployed outside of it. All special vehicles (30 m turntable ladder, 70 t crane, swap bodies, pollutant vehicles, breathing aircraft), as well as the largest pool of active emergency services (4 trains) are concentrated in the city center. There are also tank fire engines and small fire engines with an integrated water tank in the Rehberg, Egelsee, Hollenburg and Angern fire stations. In 2016 it was decided to merge the Hollenburg, Thallern and Angern fire stations to form the Krems-Süd fire station .

Due to the exposed location on the Danube, there is a mobile flood protection for the city of Krems , a steel girder / aluminum beam construction that is intended to prevent the lower parts of the city from being flooded. This is deposited in a separate flood protection storage facility on the fire brigade site. The construction is carried out according to the alarm plans of the magistrate. The population is informed about current Danube water levels, Krems river levels, flood warnings and ongoing information in the event of a crisis.

The Krems fire brigade was founded in 1861 as the first gymnast fire brigade in Austria and is the oldest fire brigade in Lower Austria. In 1969 the Krems fire brigade was the organizer of the IVth International Fire Brigade Competitions of the World Fire Brigade Association CTIF . State fire service competitions were held four times in 1952, 1961, 1986 and 2011.

Educational institutions

BRG Ringstrasse
  • 12 public kindergartens

General education schools:

Vocational schools:

Viticulture School and Wine Management Krems

Colleges and Universities:

Campus Krems

Other educational institutions:

Research institutions:

  • Technology and Research Center Krems / Technopol Krems:
Focus on health technologies such as apheresis , inflammation, regenerative medicine , water & health.

sports clubs

Krems, on the left bank of the Danube
  • 1. FC Union Stein ( soccer )
  • 1. TSGK Krems, Union Tanzsportclub Krems ( dancing )
  • ACU Krems, Union Krems Athlete Club ( weightlifting )
  • Aikido Krems ( Aikido )
  • Alpine Club Section Krems ( climbing )
  • ESV Krems ( bowling )
  • ESV Forward Krems (soccer)
  • Judo Club Krems ( Judo )
  • KEV Eagles ( ice hockey )
  • Kremser SC (soccer)
  • KSK Austria Krems (bowling)
  • ÖTB Turnverein Krems 1862 ( gymnastics )
  • Paintball Sport Club Tribune (OPBL State Champion 2006)
  • Rugby Club Krems ( Rugby Union )
  • RSC Krems ( cycling )
  • Sportunion Krems (gymnastics)
  • Steiner Rowing Club (rowing)
  • SV Donau Hollenburg (soccer)
  • SV Raika Rehberg (soccer)
  • Tri Team Krems ( Triathlon )
  • Union Handball Club Krems ( handball )
  • ULV Krems (athletics)
  • Union Badminton Krems (Badminton)
  • Union Formations- und Tanzsportclub Völker (dancing, formation dancing )
  • WSV voestalpine Krems (tennis, table tennis, bowling, chess, curling, skiing and philately)

Culture and sights

Old town of Krems

Steiner Tor - the landmark of the old town Krems
Gozzoburg
Town hall in the Landstrasse
Steiner Landstrasse

The old town of Krems is part of the Wachau Cultural Landscape UNESCO World Heritage Site , which was recognized in 2000.

The landmark of the city of Krems is the Steiner Tor , a preserved city ​​gate that was extensively restored in 2005.

Both in the district of Krems and in the district of Stein there are closed old town stocks. Since the main focus of trade and industry has moved to the Krems district and the shopping centers on the eastern eastern edge of the city in the last 50 years, the Stein district has remained structurally largely unchanged. However, the small commercial uses as well as the small trading companies have largely disappeared.

In recent years, numerous initiatives have been taken to revitalize the Stein district and the former Und monastery between Krems and Stein . The Kunsthalle Krems (with changing exhibitions, with a focus on contemporary art) and the Krems Caricature Museum (permanent exhibition by the artists Manfred Deix and the architect-caricaturist Gustav Peichl ( Ironimus ) as well as special shows), a literature house and local initiatives are particularly noteworthy.

Historic Buildings

Krems

  • Bürgerspitalkirche : The church was founded in 1470 under Friedrich III. and is located on Obere Landstrasse in the center of Krems. The high altar dates from 1860/82, created by Johann Bernhard Grabenberger with the statues of Saint Nicholas and Wolfgang by Matthias Schwanthaler .
  • Dominican church and monastery: In 1236 the Dominicans in Krems were given a building site, shortly afterwards construction began. The monastery was later redesigned in baroque style and closed in 1785. Today the museumkrems is housed there.
  • Göglhaus : The house with unique wall paintings on the daily market has a Gothic chapel bay above the main portal.
  • Gozzoburg : Early Gothic secular building with remarkable frescoes and chapels, named after the town judge Gozzo. As a residence and municipal building, this building is unique for its time north of the Alps. Completely renovated in 2006/2007.
  • Large sgraffito house : in Margarethenstraße, richly pictorial facade, shows scenes from the Old Testament, Aesop's fables and everyday scenes.
  • Heilandskirche built in 1912, an early work by the architect Otto Bartning .
  • Jesuit college and grammar school: founded in 1616, state grammar school in 1871, today the seat of the Piarist grammar school in Krems and the IMC University of Applied Sciences in Krems.
  • Jewish cemetery : located on Wienerstrasse in the east of the city; the last of a total of three Jewish cemeteries. In Krems there was a very important Jewish community until the expulsion in 1421. After that, Jews did not settle in Krems again until the 19th century.
  • Piarist Church : First mentioned in the 11th century, largely rebuilt in the 16th century. Is considered the "little sister of St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna ". The baroque interior contains a large number of works by the important painter of the Austrian Baroque , Martin Johann Schmidt , known as Kremser Schmidt . The Frauenberg toweris attached to it: city tower, formerly the seat of the tower keeper and the fire guard.
  • Powder Tower : The tower was built in 1477, it later served as a battery tower, part of the city fortifications.
  • Town hall : striking building in the Oberen Landstrasse towards the parish square from the middle of the 16th century. The baroque facade has a striking bay window from 1548 on the southwest corner. In 1549 the town hall received a two-aisled hall that can be reached from the north side, from the parish square.
  • Stadtpfarrkirche : Goes back to a donation of a building site by Emperor Heinrich II. In 1014. The base of the tower on the south side is reminiscent of the previous building from the early 12th century, a Romanesque basilica with a low tower. It was not until 1178 that St. Vitus (Vitus) was named asthe church's title saint . In the course of the Counter Reformation , the new building of the parish church became one of the symbols of the victory of the Catholics. The current interior dates from the 18th century. Martin Johann Schmidt created the five ceiling frescoes
  • Steiner Tor : The gate is the only one of four city gates that has been preserved. It contains many inscriptions and images, such as AEIOU (Kaiser Friedrichs III.), Double-headed eagle with the letter M (aria). T (heresia), red-white-red shield and the Styrian panther formed the city's coat of arms from 1453–1463, the double-headed eagle crowned with the imperial crown in black and gold . It is the landmark of the city of Krems.

stone

The town hall of Stein an der Donau
  • Former Frauenberg Church : Gothic building from the 14th century, after restoration from 1963–1965, dedicated as a memorial to those who fell in the two world wars.
  • Göttweigerhofkapelle: Chapel of the former farm yard of the Benedictine monastery Göttweig with chapel and Gothic frescoes, dated around 1300.
  • Großer Passauerhof: First mentioned in 1263, Zehenthof of the Bishop of Passau, building in today's appearance between 1550 and 1600 made up of three individual houses.
  • House of the Regions , the former guest house Zum Goldenen Elephanten , Steiner Donaulände, first documented in writing in 1721.
  • Kremser Tor: Eastern end of the medieval city fortifications towards the city of Krems. Built around 1470.
  • Linzer Tor: built in 1477 (plaque with Gothic numerals walled in on the outside), changed in the 18th century.
  • Mauthaus: Impressive fresco decoration from the Renaissance, probably the home of the bridge toller, but not the toll house itself. This was outside the Linzertore in the west of the city.
  • Mazettihaus: Schürerplatz; named after its builder; was the home of Ludwig Ritter von Köchels (born 1800 in Stein), the author of the Mozart index .
  • Former Minorite Church : consecrated in 1264, today the event room Klangraum Krems and museums Frohner Forum , Ernst Krenek Forum, Kunstraum Stein in the adjoining monastery building.
  • Parish church Stein an der Donau hl. Nikolaus: Late Gothic, dated end of the 14th / end of the 15th century, contains several works by Schmidt from Krems.
  • Salzstadl: Salt storage building from the 16th century, due to an imperial privilege, Stein was the transshipment point for the Bavarian and Salzburg salt shipped down the Danube for the countries of northern Central Europe such as Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia, etc.
  • Steiner Rathaus: used as the town hall of Stein from 1701, facade from 1779 by Johann Michael Ehmann.
  • Kloster Und : Profaned monastery in the west of Krems. Worth seeing frescoes by Daniel Gran. The monastery was later, among other things, a troop hospital and is now an event room and restaurant.
  • Kunsthalle Krems : is housed in the former tobacco factory building next to the prison on Franz-Zeller-Platz. The adaptation to the exhibition house took place in 1994/95 according to plans by Adolf Krischanitz . Main building of the Krems art mile.
  • Danube University : Since October 2005 the University of Krems, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems , Krenek Foundation and Austrian Film Gallery have all been united on the Krems campus . Partly in a former tobacco factory, mostly housed in the new buildings on Dietmar Feichtinger's campus.

Other districts

Rehberg church and ruins in winter

Monuments

  • Jahn memorial
  • MKV South Tyrolean Monument

Modern architecture

  • St. Paul Church : Foundation stone laid in 1977, free-standing bell tower.
  • Kremser Bahnhofplatz: It was redesigned from 1995 to 1997 by Boris Podrecca , Fritz Göbl and Michelangelo Pistoletto . The traffic belts were relocated to the middle of the square in order to create larger pedestrian areas on both sides.
  • Frohner Forum : 2007 in the garden of the former Minorite Monastery Krems-Stein by Fritz Göbl.

theatre

  • Smooth & Reverse (Festival)
  • Scene Colorful waves

music

  • Stadtkapelle Krems (since 1952)
  • Karaoke4You Krems (since 2013)

Museums

Museum Krems in the Dominican Church
Art Gallery
Egon Schiele : Stein an der Donau, 1913

AIR - ARTIST IN RESIDENCE Niederösterreich and the Austrian Film Gallery, which works very closely with the Austrian Film Museum and the Filmarchiv Austria in Laxenburg , are located within the Kunstmeile .

Regular events

Viticulture

The wine-growing has in Krems and environment of great economic importance. Krems is known as the white wine capital of Austria. In 2006, 961 ha of vineyards were cultivated in the municipal area of ​​the city of Krems (Austria 48,557 ha, 1999).

Important grape varieties from Krems:

White wine varieties (87%):

Grüner Veltliner , Riesling , Müller Thurgau , Neuburger , Pinot Blanc , Chardonnay , Muscat , Frühroter Veltliner , Roter Veltliner , Sauvignon Blanc

Red wine varieties (13%):

Zweigelt (Blaufränkisch x St. Laurent), St. Laurent , Blauer Burgunder , Blauer Portugieser , Merlot , Cabernet Sauvignon

The effects of climate change on viticulture are clearly visible in the Krems area. This is proven by long-term records at the Krems viticulture school .

Personalities

literature

Web links

Commons : Krems an der Donau  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Crembs in the Topographia Austriacarum (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts
Wikisource: Crembs in the appendix of the Topographia Austriacarum (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts
Wikisource: Stone in the Topographia Austriacarum (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Alpenverein, https://www.alpenverein.at/schwanenstadt/av_sektion_schwanenstadt/OeAVs_interesantes/_Berge/h_niederoesterreich.php
  2. ↑ Statistics Austria: Population on January 1st, 2020 by locality (area status on January 1st, 2020) , ( CSV )
  3. ↑ 30,000-year-old infant burials in the Ice Age loess of Krems-Wachtberg ( Memento of the original from February 20, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. accessed on ORF Science on November 24, 2008 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / science.orf.at
  4. ↑ Emperor Otto III. gives Bishop Gotesschalch von Freising six king hooves in Ulmerfeld for exchange. Certificate No. 170 in: Theodor Sickel (Ed.): Diplomata 13: The documents Otto II. And Otto III. (Ottonis II. Et Ottonis III. Diplomata). Hanover 1893, pp. 581-582 ( Monumenta Germaniae Historica , digitized version )
  5. ↑ 13-meter hole torn in the vineyard. In: ORF . February 19, 2019, accessed February 20, 2019 .
  6. ↑ Gerhard Zeillinger : “Died for Austria.” In: diepresse.com . June 20, 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2019.
  7. ↑ see Jagschitz, Gerhard (ed.): Stein, April 6, 1945. The judgment of the Vienna People's Court (August 1946) against those responsible for the massacre in the Stein prison . Federal Ministry of Justice / Documentation Archive of the Austrian Resistance, Vienna 1995
  8. ^ Matthias Keuschnigg: Johann Karl stitch. (PDF; 13.2 MB) In: The history of the gray house and the Austrian criminal justice system. Library Association in the Regional Court for Criminal Matters Vienna, 2012, p. 57 , accessed on September 30, 2017 .
  9. ↑ A list of all religious communities in Krems can be found on the city's website .
  10. ↑ Final result of the municipal council election on October 15, 2017
  11. ↑ Rinke threw in towel - SPÖ overtakes ÖVP NÖN-Online queried on October 8, 2012.5:32.
  12. ^ NÖN: Local council election in Krems: Mayor Reinhard Resch celebrates election victory . Article dated October 15, 2017, accessed October 15, 2017.
  13. ↑ Local council election 2017: Clear victory for SPÖ . Retrieved October 15, 2017
  14. ↑ Stadtkommunikation Krems: Stadtsenat . In: Krems . ( krems.gv.at [accessed on January 2, 2018]).
  15. ^ Citizen Service: E-Government. Retrieved September 29, 2014 .
  16. ↑ Technopol Krems (accessed on November 6th) ( Memento of the original from January 29th, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ecoplus.at
  17. ↑ Cold hampers ship traffic on ORF-NÖ from February 6, 2012, accessed on February 6, 2012
  18. ↑ Bus timetables . IN FRONT. Archived from the original on November 5, 2014. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 5, 2014. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.vor.at
  19. ↑ The fire brigades on the FF Krems website accessed on January 7, 2018
  20. ↑ Consolidation : Krems-Süd fire station comes to NÖN on October 11, 2016, accessed on January 7, 2018
  21. ^ Ecoplus - Technopol Krems ; accessed on June 11, 2015
  22. ↑ History of the Jews in Krems ( Memento of the original from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.judeninkrems.at
  23. ↑ Wachau Cathedral - Krems St. Veit parish church
  24. ↑ Dichand companion "Bibi" Dragon turns 80 . He was editor-in-chief of "Krone" for 42 years before falling out of favor with the newspaper tsar in 2001.
  25. ↑ Dragon, Friedrich ( Memento of the original from December 7, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.diemedien.at