List of heads of state 1261

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Overview
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Africa

Egypt ( Mamlucken )
- Sultan : Baibars I (1260-1277)

Algeria ( Abdalwadiden )
- Sultan : Abu Yahya ibn Zayyan (1236-1282)

Ethiopia
- Emperor (Negus Negest) : Mairari (1247–1262)

Ifriqiya (East Algeria, Tunisia) ( Hafsiden )
- Caliph : Muhammad I al-Mustansir (1249-1277)

Kingdom of Mali
- King : Mansa Wali Keita (1260–1270)

Morocco
- Almohads in Marrakech
  - Caliph : Umar al-Mustafiq (1248-1266)
- Merinids in Fez
  - Sultan : Abu Yusuf Yaqub (1259-1286)

Empire Kanem
- King : Kaday I (1242–1270)

America

Inca Empire
- Sinchi : Lloque Yupanqui (approx. 1260 – approx. 1290)

Asia

Bagan
- King : Narathihapate (1254–1287)

Champa
- King : Jaya Indravarman VI. (1257-1285)

China
- Song Dynasty (in southern China)
  - Emperor : Lizong (1224-1264)
- Yuan Dynasty (in Northern China)
  - Emperor : Kublai Khan (1260–1294)

Georgia
- King : David VII. (1246-1270)

Empire of the Golden Horde
- Khan : Berke Khan (1256 / 57-1267)

India
- Ahom (Assam)
  - King : Sukaphaa (1228–1268)
- Chola (in South India)
  - King : Rajendra Chola III. (1246-1279)
- Delhi
  - Sultan : Nasir ud din Mahmud I (1246–1266)
- Hoysala (in today's Karnataka)
  - King : Narasimha III. (1254-1291)
- Pandya (in South India)
  - King : Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan (1251–1268)

Japan
- Emperor : Kameyama (1259–1274)
- Shogun ( Kamakura ): Munetaka (1252-1266)

Kambuja ( Khmer )
- King : Jayavarman VIII (1243-1295)

Lesser Armenia
- King : Hethum I (1226–1269)

Korea ( Goryeo Dynasty )
- King : Wonjong (1259-1274)

Crusader States
- Kingdom of Jerusalem
  - King : Konrad III. (1254-1268)
- Principality of Antioch
  - Prince : Bohemond VI. (1252-1268)
- Tripoli county
  - Count : Bohemond VI. (1252-1275)

Mongolia
- Great Khan : Kublai Khan (1260-1294)

Persia
- Ilchan : Hülegü (1256–1265)

Ryūkyū Islands
- King: Eiso (1260–1299)

Seljuks
- Rum Seljuks
  - Sultan : Kılıç Arslan IV. (1248-1265)

Siam
- Lan Na
  - King : Mangrai (1259-1317)
- Sukhothai
  - King : Sri Indraditya (1238-1270)

Trebizond
- Emperor : Manuel I (1238–1263)

Vietnam (Tran Dynasty)
- Emperor : Trần Hoảng (1258–1278)

Europe

Achaia
- Prince : Wilhelm II of Villehardouin (1246–1278)

Archipelagos
- Duke : Angelo (1227–1262)

Athens
- Duke : Guido I. de la Roche (1225–1263)

Bulgaria
- Tsar : Konstantin Tich Assen (1257–1277)

Byzantine Empire
- Empire of Nikaia
  - Emperor : Michael VIII. (1259 / 61–1282)
- Latin Empire conquered by Nikaia in 1261 and unified as Byzantium
  - Emperor : Baldwin II (1228–1261)

Denmark
- King : Erik V. Klipping (1259–1286)
- Schleswig
  - Duke : Erich I (1260-1272)

Teutonic Order State
- Grand Master : Anno von Sangerhausen (1256–1273)

England
- King : Heinrich III. (1216-1272)

Epirus
- Despot : Michael II. Angelus (1230–1267 / 68)

France
- King : Louis IX. (1226-1270)
- Armagnac
  - Count : Géraud VI. (1256-1285)
- Artois
  - Count : Robert II (1250–1302)
- Astarac
  - Count : Bernard III. (1249-1291)
- Aumale
  - Count : Johann I (1260–1302)
- Auvergne (county)
  - Count : Robert V (1247–1276)
- Auvergne (Dauphiné)
  - Dauphin : Robert II (1240–1262)
- Auxerre
  - Countess : Mathilde II of Bourbon (1257–1262)
- bar
  - Count : Theobald II. (1239–1291)
- Blois
  - Count : Johann von Châtillon (1249–1279)
- Brittany
  - Duke : Johann I (1221–1286)
- Burgundy (Duchy)
  - Duke : Hugo IV (1218–1272)
- Burgundy (Free County)
  - Countess Palatine : Adelheid (1248–1279)
- Champagne
  - Count : Theobald V. (1253-1270)
- Chartres
  - Countess : Mathilde d'Amboise (1248–1269)
- Comminges
  - Count : Bernard VI. (1241–1295 (?))
- Dauphiné
  - Count : Guigues VII. (1237-1269)
- Dreux
  - Count : Robert IV (1249–1282)
- Eu
  - Count : Alfons of Brienne (1249–1270)
- Foix
  - Count : Roger IV (1241–1265)
- Guyenne
  - Duke : Heinrich III. of England (1259-1272)
- Marche
  - Count : Hugo XII. of Lusignan (1250–1270)
- Narbonne
  - Vice Count : Amalric I (1239-1270)
- Nevers
  - Countess : Mathilde II of Bourbon (1257–1262)
- orange
  - Prince : Raimund I (1219–1282)
- Penthièvre
  - Countess : Jolantha (1235-1272)
- Périgord
  - Count : Archambaud III. (1251-1294)
- Provence
  - Countess : Beatrix (1245–1267)
- Rethel
  - Count : Gaucher (1251–1262)
- Rodez
  - Count : Hugo IV. (1221–1274)
- Rouergue
  - Countess : Johanna (1249–1271)
- Sancerre
  - Count : Ludwig I (1218–1268)
- Tonnerre
  - Countess : Mathilde II of Bourbon (1257–1262)
- Toulouse county
  - Countess : Johanna (1249–1271)
- Vendôme
  - Count : Burchard V. (1249-1270)

Holy Roman Empire
- King : Richard of Cornwall (1257-1272)
- King : Alfonso X of Castile (1257–1273) (anti-king)
- Electorates
  - Archbishopric of Cologne
    - Archbishop : Konrad von Hochstaden (1238–1261)
    - Archbishop: Engelbert II. Von Falkenburg (1261–1274)
  - Archbishopric Mainz
    - Archbishop : Werner von Eppstein (1259–1284)
  - Archbishopric Trier
    - Archbishop : Heinrich II. Von Finstingen (1260–1286)
  - Bohemia
    - King : Ottokar II. Přemysl (1253–1278)
  - Brandenburg
    - Johannine Line (Stendal)
      - Margrave : Johann I (1220–1266)
    - Ottonian Line (Salzwedel)
      - Margrave : Otto III. (1220-1267)
  - Electoral Palatinate
    - Count Palatine : Ludwig II. The Strict (1253–1294)
  - Saxony
    - Duke : Albrecht II (1260–1298)
    - Duke : Johann I (1260–1282)
- spiritual principalities
  - Hochstift Augsburg
    - Bishop : Hartmann von Dillingen (1248–1286)
  - Bamberg Monastery
    - Bishop : Berthold von Leiningen (1257–1285)
  - Hochstift Basel
    - Bishop : Berthold II of Pfirt (1248–1262)
  - Besançon Archbishopric
    - Archbishop : Guillaume II. De la Tour (1245–1268)
  - Brandenburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Otto von Mehringen (1251–1260 / 61)
    - Bishop: Heinrich I of Osthenen (1261–1278)
  - Archbishopric Bremen-Hamburg
    - Archbishop : Hildbold Graf von Wunstorf (1258–1273)
  - Brixen monastery
    - Bishop : Bruno von Kirchberg (1250–1288)
  - Cambrai Monastery
    - Bishop : Nicolas III. de Fontaines (1248–1273)
  - Hochstift Cammin
    - Bishop : Hermann von Gleichen (1252–1288)
  - Chiemsee Abbey
    - Bishop : Heinrich (1252–1262)
  - Chur Monastery
    - Bishop : Heinrich I of Montfort (1251–1272)
  - Eichstätt Monastery
    - Bishop : Engelhard von Tollingen (1259–1261)
    - Bishop: Hildebrand von Möhren (1261–1279)
  - Hochstift Freising
    - Bishop : Konrad II., Wildgraf (1258–1279)
  - Geneva Monastery
    - Bishop : Heinrich (1260–1267)
  - Halberstadt Monastery
    - Bishop : Volrad von Kranichfeld (1254–1295)
  - Hochstift Havelberg
    - Bishop : Heinrich I. von Kerkow (1244 / 45–1271 / 72)
  - Hildesheim Monastery
    - Bishop : Otto I of Braunschweig-Lüneburg (1260–1279)
  - Constance monastery
    - Bishop : Eberhard II von Waldburg (1248–1274)
  - Lausanne bishopric
    - Bishop : Jean I. de Cossonay (1240–1273)
  - Lübeck bishopric
    - Bishop : John III. von Tralau (1260–1276)
  - Liège Monastery
    - Bishop : Heinrich III. von Geldern (1247–1274)
  - Archbishopric Magdeburg
    - Archbishop : Ruprecht von Querfurt (1260–1266)
  - Meissen Abbey
    - Bishop : Albrecht II of Mutzschen (1258–1266)
  - Merseburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Henry II of Waren (1244–1265)
  - Metz bishopric
    - Bishop : Philip of Lothringen-Florenges (1261–1264)
  - Hochstift Minden
    - Bishop : Wittekind I. von Hoya (1253–1261)
    - Bishop: Kuno (1261–1266)
  - Monastery of Münster
    - Bishop : Gerhard von der Mark (1261–1272)
  - Naumburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Dietrich II of Meissen (1243–1272)
  - Osnabrück Monastery
    - Bishop : Baldwin von Rüssel (1259–1264)
  - Paderborn Monastery
    - Bishop : Simon I. zur Lippe (1247–1277)
  - Passau bishopric
    - Bishop : Otto von Lonsdorf (1254–1265)
  - Ratzeburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Ulrich von Blücher (1257–1284)
  - Regensburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Albertus Magnus (1260–1262)
  - Archbishopric Salzburg
    - Archbishop : Ulrich von Seckau (1257–1265)
  - Schwerin Monastery
    - Bishop : Rudolf I (Schwerin) (1249–1262)
  - Hochstift Sitten
    - Bishop : Henry I of Raron (1243–1271)
  - Speyer Monastery
    - Bishop : Heinrich II. Von Leiningen (1245–1272)
  - Strasbourg Monastery
    - Bishop : Walter von Geroldseck (1260–1263)
  - Toul Monastery
    - Bishop : Giles de Sorcy (1253-1271)
  - Hochstift Trento
    - Bishop : Egno of Eppan (1250–1273)
  - Utrecht Monastery
    - Bishop : Heinrich von Vianden (1250–1267)
  - Verden Monastery
    - Bishop : Gerhard I of Hoya (1251–1269)
  - Verdun Monastery
    - Bishop : Robert II of Medidan (1255–1271)
  - Hochstift Worms
    - Bishop : Raugraf Eberhard I. (1257–1277)
  - Würzburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Iring von Reinstein-Homburg (1254–1265)
- secular principalities
  - Stop
    - Anhalt-Aschersleben
      - Prince : Henry II the Fat (1252–1266)
    - Principality of Anhalt-Bernburg
      - Prince : Bernhard I (1252–1287)
    - Anhalt-Zerbst
      - Prince : Siegfried I (1252–1298)
  - to bathe
    - Margrave : Rudolf I (1243–1288)
    - Margrave: Friedrich I. (1250–1268)
  - Bavaria
    - Lower Bavaria
      - Duke : Henry XIII. (1253-1290)
    - Upper Bavaria
      - Duke : Ludwig II. The Strict (1253–1294)
  - mountain
    - Count : Adolf V. (1259–1296)
  - Brabant and Lower Lorraine
    - Duke : Henry IV (1261–1267)
  - Duchy of Brunswick-Lueneburg
    - Duke : Albrecht I (1252–1269)
    - Duke: Johann I (1252–1269)
  - Flanders
    - Countess : Margaret II (1244–1278)
  - Funds
    - Count : Otto II. (1229-1271)
  - Hanau
    - Lord : Reinhard I. (around 1243–1281)
  - Hainaut
    - Countess : Margarete (1244-1280)
  - Hesse
    - Landgrave : Heinrich I (1247–1308)
  - Hohenzollern
    - Count : Friedrich V. (1251 / 55–1289)
  - Holland
    - Count : Florens V. (1256–1296)
  - Holstein (from 1238 together, 1261 division in Itzehoe and Kiel)
    - - Count : Gerhard I. (1238–1261)
      - Count : Johann I (1238–1261)
    - Holstein-Itzehoe
      - Count: Gerhard I. (1261-1290)
    - Holstein-Kiel
      - Count : Johann I (1261–1263)
  - Jülich
    - Count : Wilhelm IV. (1219–1278)
  - Carinthia
    - Duke : Ulrich III. (1256-1269)
  - Kleve
    - Count : Dietrich V./VII. (Kleve) (1260-1275)
  - Lausitz
    - Margrave : Henry IV the Illustrious (1221–1288)
  - Limburg
    - Duke : Walram V. (1247-1279)
  - lip
    - Lord : Bernhard III. (1229-1265)
  - Lorraine
    - Lower Lorraine see Brabant
    - Upper Lorraine
      - Duke : Friedrich III. (1251-1303)
  - Lüneburg: see Braunschweig
  - Luxembourg
    - Count : Heinrich V (1247–1281)
  - mark
    - Count : Engelbert I. (1249–1277)
  - Mecklenburg
    - Mecklenburg
      - Prince : Johann I (1234–1264)
    - Werle
      - Prince: Nicholas I (1234–1277)
    - Rostock
      - Prince : Heinrich Borwin III. (1234-1278)
  - Margraviate of Meissen
    - Margrave : Heinrich III. (1221-1288)
  - Namur
    - Count : Heinrich IV (1256–1263)
  - Nassau
    - walramic line
      - Count : Walram II. (1255-1277)
    - Ottonian line
      - Count : Otto I. (1255-1290)
  - Nuremberg
    - Burgrave : Konrad I (1218–1261)
    - Burgrave: Friedrich III. (1261-1297)
  - Oldenburg
    - Old Bruchhausen
      - Count : Ludolf (1234 – around 1278)
    - Neu-Bruchhausen
      - Count : Heinrich V (1234 – around 1270)
    - Oldenburg
      - Count : Johann I (1233-1270)
    - Wildeshausen
      - Count : Heinrich IV. (1233-1270)
  - Ortenberg
    - Count : Gebhard I. (1257-1275)
  - Austria
    - Duke : Ottokar II Přemysl (1251–1278)
  - Pomerania
    - Szczecin
      - Duke : Barnim I (1220–1278)
  - Ravensberg
    - Count : Otto III. (1249–1306)
  - Saarbrücken
    - Countess : Lauretta (1245–1271)
  - Schwerin
    - Count : Gunzelin III. (1228-1274)
  - Styria
    - Duke: Ottokar II Přemysl (1261–1278)
  - Tecklenburg
    - Count: Otto I. (1202–1263 / 64)
  - Tyrol
    - Count : Meinhard II. (1258–1295)
  - Veldenz
    - Countess : Agnes von Leiningen (1260–1277)
  - Waldeck
    - Count : Adolf I (1228–1270)
  - Weimar-Orlamünde
    - Count : Otto III. (1247-1285)
  - Württemberg
    - Count : Ulrich I. (1241–1265)
  - Zweibrücken
    - Count : Heinrich II. (1237–1282)

Italy
- Ferrara
  - Podestà : Azzo VII. D'Este (1215–1264)
- Papal States
  - Pope : Alexander IV (1254–1261)
  - Pope: Urban IV. (1261-1264)
- Milan
  - Mayor : Martino della Torre (1257–1263)
- Montferrat
  - Margrave : Wilhelm VII. (1253 / 55–1290)
- Saluzzo
  - Margrave : Thomas I (1244–1296)
- Savoy
  - Count : Bonifaz (1253–1263)
- Sicily
  - King : Manfred (1258–1266)
- Venice
  - Doge : Renier Zen (1253-1268)
- Verona
  - Podestà : Mastino I. (1259–1277)

Livonia
- Landmeister : Georg von Eichstätt (1261)
- Landmeister: Werner von Breithausen (1261–1263)

Norway
- King : Håkon IV. Håkonsson (1217–1263)

Poland
- Senior Duke : Boleslaw V (1243–1279)
- Pomeranian
  - Danzig
    - Duke : Swantopolk II. (1220–1266)
  - Love show
    - Duke: Sambor II. (1220-1272)

Portugal
- King : Alfonso III. (1248-1279)

Russia
- Vladimir
  - Grand Duke : Alexander Newski (1252–1263)

Silesia
- Wroclaw
  - Duke : Heinrich III. the white one (1248–1266)
  - Duke: Wladyslaw (1248-1270)
- Glogau
  - Duke: Conrad I (1251–1273 / 74)
- Liegnitz
  - Duke: Boleslaw II. The Bald (1248–1278)
- Upper Silesia (Opole-Ratibor)
  - Duke: Wladyslaw I (1246–1281 / 82)

Scotland
- King : Alexander III. (1249-1286)

Sweden
- King : Valdemar Birgersson (1250–1275)

Serbia
- King : Stefan Uroš I (1243–1276)

Spain
- Aragon
  - King : Jacob I (1213–1276)
- Granada ( Nasrid )
  - Emir : Muhammad I ibn Nasr (1232-1273)
- Castile and Leon
  - King : Alfonso X the Wise (1252–1284)
- Navarre
  - King : Theobald II (1253–1270)
- Urgell
  - Count : Álvaro (1243–1268)

Hungary
- King : Béla IV. (1235-1270)

Wallachia
- Prince : Mihai I (1245–1273)

Wales
- Deheubarth (1234–1286 under the suzerainty of Gwynned)
  - Prince : Maredudd ap Rhys (1244–1271)
- Gwynedd
  - King : Llywelyn ap Gruffydd (1246–1282)
- Powys
  - Powys Fadog (North Powys)
    - Prince : Gruffydd Maelor ap Madog (1236–1269)
  - Powys Wenwynwyn (South Powys)
    - Prince : Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn (1240–1286)

Cyprus
- King : Hugo II (1253–1267)