March 25
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Template:Linked-title is the 84th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (85th in leap years). There are 281 days remaining.
Events
- 708 - Constantine is consecrated Pope.
- 1300 - Dante descends to the Inferno in The Divine Comedy (fictional).
- 1306 - Robert the Bruce becomes King of Scotland.
- 1409 - The Council of Pisa opens.
- 1634 - The first settlers arrive in Maryland (led by Lord Baltimore).
- 1655 - Saturn's largest moon, Titan, is discovered by Christian Huygens.
- 1655 - Protestants take control of Maryland at the Battle of the Severn.
- 1802 - The Treaty of Amiens is signed as a "Definitive Treaty of Peace" between France and United Kingdom.
- 1807 - The Slave Trade Act becomes law, abolishing the slave trade in the British Empire.
- 1807 - The Swansea and Mumbles Railway, then known as the Oystermouth Railway, became the first passenger carrying railway in the world.
- 1811 - Percy Bysshe Shelley is expelled from the University of Oxford for his publication of the pamphlet The Necessity of Atheism.
- 1821 - (Julian Calendar) Greeks revolt against the Ottoman Empire, beginning the Greek War of Independence.
- 1857 - Phonautograph patented.
- 1865 - The "Claywater Meteorite" explodes just before reaching ground level in Vernon County, Wisconsin. Fragments having a combined mass of 1.5 kg are recovered.
- 1865 - American Civil War: In Virginia, Confederate forces capture Fort Stedman from the Union in a bloody battle.
- 1894 - Coxey's Army, the first significant American protest march, departs Massillon, Ohio for Washington D.C..
- 1901 - At the five-day "Week of Nice" race in Nice, France, Mercedes wins its first racing victory.
- 1908 - Clube Atletico Mineiro, Founded in Belo Horizonte,Brazil.
- 1911 - In New York City the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire kills 146 garment workers.
- 1918 - The Belarusian People's Republic was established.
- 1931 - The Scottsboro Boys are arrested in Alabama and charged with rape.
- 1939 - Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli becomes Pope Pius XII.
- 1941 - Kingdom of Yugoslavia joins the Axis powers with the signing of the Tripartite Pact.
- 1947 - An explosion in a coalmine in Centralia, Illinois kills 111.
- 1949 - The extensive deportation campaign was conducted in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The Soviet authorities deported more than 92,000 people from Baltics to remote areas of the Soviet Union.
- 1955 - United States Customs seizes copies of Allen Ginsberg's poem "Howl" as obscene.
- 1957 - The European Economic Community is established (West Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg).
- 1958 - Canada's Avro Arrow makes it debut flight.
- 1965 - Civil rights activists led by Martin Luther King, Jr. successfully complete their 4-day 50-mile march from Selma to the capitol in Montgomery.
- 1969 - During their honeymoon, John Lennon and Yoko Ono hold their first Bed-In for Peace in the Amsterdam Hilton Hotel (until March 31).
- 1971 - Bangladesh Liberation War: Beginning of Operation Searchlight of Pakistan Army against East Pakistani civilians.
- 1975 - Faisal of Saudi Arabia is shot and killed by a mentally ill nephew.
- 1979 - The first fully functional space shuttle orbiter, Columbia, is delivered to the John F. Kennedy Space Center to be prepared for its first launch.
- 1988 - The Candle demonstration in Bratislava was the first mass demonstration of the 1980s against the communist regime in Czechoslovakia.
- 1990 - In the Bronx, New York City, a fire at an illegal social club called "Happy Land" kills 87 people.
- 1992 - Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev returns to Earth after a 10-month stay aboard the Mir space station.
- 1995 - Mike Tyson is released from the Indiana Youth Center after serving three years for a rape conviction.
- 1995 - Ward Cunningham opens the first wiki, the WikiWikiWeb.
- 1996 - An 81-day-long standoff between the anti-government group Montana Freemen and law enforcement near Jordan, Montana, begins.
- 1996 - The Labour Party is founded in Turkey.
- 1996 - The EU's Veterinarian Committee bans the export of British beef and its by-products as a result of mad cow disease (BSE).
- 1999 - Enron energy traders allegedly route 2,900 megawatts of electricity destined to California to Silver Peak, Nevada, population 200.
- 2004 - Air Holland files for bankruptcy in response to unproven allegations of cannabis abuse by their pilots.
- 2006 - The Capitol Hill massacre, where gunman kills six people before taking his own life at a party in Seattle's Capitol Hill neighborhood, one of the largest crime scenes the city has ever had.
- 2006 - Protesters demanding a re-election in Belarus following the rigged Belarusian presidential election, 2006 clash with riot police. Opposition leader Aleksander Kozulin was among several protesters arrested.
Births
- 1252 - Conradin, Duke of Swabia (d. 1268)
- 1297 - Andronicus III Palaeologus, Eastern Roman Emperor (d. 1341)
- 1297 - Arnost of Pardubice, Archbishop of Prague (d. 1364)
- 1345 - Blanche of Lancaster, wife of John of Gaunt (d. 1369)
- 1347 - Catherine of Siena, Italian saint (d. 1380)
- 1404 (baptism) - John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset, English military leader (d. 1444)
- 1479 - Vasili III, Grand Prince of Moscow (d. 1533)
- 1539 - Christopher Clavius, German mathematician (d. 1612)
- 1541 - Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1587)
- 1593 - Jean de Brébeuf, French Jesuit missionary (d. 1649)
- 1643 - Louis Moréri, French encylopedist (d. 1680)
- 1661 - Paul de Rapin, French historian (d. 1725)
- 1699 - Johann Adolph Hasse, German composer (d. 1783)
- 1767 - Joachim Murat, King of Naples (d. 1815)
- 1800 - Heinrich von Dechsen, German geologist (d. 1889)
- 1840 - Myles Keogh, U.S. Soldier in U.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment & Irish Soldier of Fortune (d. 1876)
- 1863 - Simon Flexner, American pathologist (d. 1946)
- 1867 - Arturo Toscanini, Italian conductor, (d. 1957)
- 1868 - William Lockwood, English cricketer (d. 1932)
- 1873 - Rudolf Rocker, German anarchist (d. 1958)
- 1877 - Walter Little, Canadian politician (d. 1961)
- 1881 - Béla Bartók, Hungarian composer (d. 1945)
- 1881 - Mary Gladys Webb, English writer (d. 1927)
- 1884 - Georges Imbert, Alsatian chemist (d. 1950)
- 1886 - Athenagoras, Patriarch of Constantinople (d. 1972)
- 1892 - Andy Clyde, American actor (d. 1967)
- 1899 - Burt Munro, New Zealand motorcycle racer (d. 1978)
- 1901 - Ed Begley, American actor (d. 1970)
- 1903 - Nahum Norbert Glatzer, Jewish-American scholar (d. 1990)
- 1903 - Frankie Carle, American pianist and bandleader (d. 2001)
- 1906 - A.J.P. Taylor, British historian (d. 1990)
- 1906 - Jean Sablon, French singer (d. 1994)
- 1908 - Helmut Käutner, German actor and director (d. 1980)
- 1908 - David Lean, English film director (d. 1991)
- 1911 - Jack Ruby, killer of Lee Harvey Oswald (d. 1967)
- 1912 - Jean Vilar, French stage and film actor (d. 1971)
- 1914 - Norman Borlaug, Nobel Peace Prize laureate
- 1918 - Howard Cosell, American sports reporter (d. 1995)
- 1920 - Patrick Troughton, British actor (d. 1987)
- 1920 - Arthur Wint, Jamaican runner (d. 1992)
- 1921 - Simone Signoret, French actress (d. 1985)
- 1921 - Nancy Kelly, American actress (d. 1995)
- 1922 - Eileen Ford, model agency executive
- 1925 - Flannery O'Connor, American author (d. 1964)
- 1926 - László Papp, Hungarian boxer (d. 2003)
- 1926 - Jaime Sabines, Mexican poet (d. 1999)
- 1926 - Gene Shalit, American film critic
- 1928 - Jim Lovell, American astronaut
- 1929 - Wim van Est, Dutch cyclist (d. 2003)
- 1934 - Gloria Steinem, American author
- 1935 - Flash Elorde, Filipino boxer
- 1938 - Hoyt Axton, American musician and actor (d. 1999)
- 1939 - Toni Cade Bambara, American author (d. 1995)
- 1940 - Anita Bryant, American entertainer
- 1941 - Gudmund Hernes, Norwegian politician
- 1942 - Aretha Franklin, American singer
- 1942 - Richard O'Brien, English actor and writer
- 1943 - Paul Michael Glaser, American actor
- 1946 - Maurice Krafft, French vulcanologist (d. 1991)
- 1946 - Cliff Balsam, English footballer
- 1946 - Gerard John Schaefer, American serial killer (d. 1995)
- 1947 - Elton John, English singer and songwriter
- 1948 - Bonnie Bedelia, American actress
- 1949 - Nick Lowe, British singer
- 1952 - Antanas Mockus, Colombian mathematician
- 1955 - Daniel Boulud, French chef and restaurateur
- 1956 - Matthew Garber, British actor (d. 1977)
- 1958 - Ray Tanner, USC baseball coach
- 1960 - Idy Chan Yuk-Lin, Hong Kong actress
- 1960 - Steve Norman, British saxophonist (Spandau Ballet)
- 1962 - Marcia Cross, American actress
- 1964 - Lisa Gay Hamilton, American actress
- 1964 - Ken Wregget, Canadian hockey player
- 1964 - Alex Solis, Panamanian jockey
- 1965 - Sarah Jessica Parker, American actress
- 1965 - Stefka Kostadinova, Bulgarian high jumper
- 1966 - Tom Glavine, baseball player
- 1966 - Anton Rogan, Irish footballer
- 1966 - Jeff Healey, Canadian guitarist
- 1966 - Tatjana Patitz, German supermodel
- 1967 - Matthew Barney, American media artist
- 1967 - Debi Thomas, American figure skater
- 1969 - Dale Davis, American basketball player
- 1969 - Cathy Dennis, English singer, songwriter, record producer and actress
- 1970 - Kari Matchett, Canadian actress
- 1971 - Cammi Granato, American hockey player
- 1973 - Anthony Barness, English footballer
- 1974 - Lark Voorhies, American actress
- 1975 - Ladislav Benysek, Czech ice hockey player
- 1976 - Juvenile, American rapper
- 1976 - Wladimir Klitschko, Ukrainian boxer
- 1976 - Francis Bellew, Irish Gaelic footballer
- 1976 - Gigi Leung, Hong Kong singer/actress
- 1976 - Cha Tae-hyun, South Korean actor, TV personality, and singer
- 1979 - Natasha Yi, American supermodel
- 1982 - Danica Patrick, American race car driver
- 1982 - Sean Faris, American actor and model
- 1982 - Álvaro Saborío, Costa Rican footballer
- 1984 - Katharine McPhee, American Idol contestant
- 1986 - Kyle Lowry, American basketball player
- 1987 - Nobunari Oda, Japanese figure skater
- 1989 - Alyson Michalka, American actress
Deaths
- 752 - Pope-elect Stephen (died before taking office)
- 1223 - Afonso II of Portugal (b. 1185)
- 1345 - Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster, English politician (b. 1281)
- 1458 - Marqués de Santillana, Spanish poet (b. 1398)
- 1558 - Marcos de Niza, French Franciscan explorer
- 1603 - Ikoma Chikamasa, Japanese warlord (b. 1526)
- 1609 - Olaus Martini, Swedish Archbishop of Uppsala (b. 1557)
- 1620 - Johannes Nucius, German composer
- 1625 - Giambattista Marini, Italian poet (b. 1569)
- 1712 - Nehemiah Grew, English naturalist (b. 1641)
- 1736 - Nicholas Hawksmoor, British architect
- 1738 - Turlough O'Carolan, Irish harper and composer (b. 1670)
- 1751 - Frederick I of Sweden (b. 1676)
- 1801 - Novalis, German poet (b. 1772)
- 1818 - Caspar Wessel, Danish mathematician (b. 1745)
- 1860 - James Braid, Scottish surgeon (b. 1795)
- 1914 - Frédéric Mistral, French poet, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1830)
- 1918 - Claude Debussy, French composer (b. 1862)
- 1951 - Eddie Collins, baseball player (b. 1887)
- 1957 - Max Ophüls, German-born director and writer (b. 1902)
- 1958 - Tom Brown, American musician (b. 1888)
- 1969 - Max Eastman, American writer (b. 1883)
- 1969 - Billy Cotton, British bandleader & entertainer (b. 1889)
- 1975 - Faisal of Saudi Arabia (b. 1906)
- 1980 - Roland Barthes, French literary critic and writer (b. 1915)
- 1980 - Milton H. Erickson, American psychiatrist (b. 1901)
- 1980 - Walter Susskind, Czech conductor (b. 1913)
- 1980 - James Wright, American poet (b. 1927)
- 1988 - Robert Joffrey, dancer, teacher, and choreographer (b. 1930)
- 1991 - Marcel Lefebvre, French catholic prelate (b. 1905)
- 1992 - Nancy Walker, American actress (b. 1922)
- 1994 - Max Petitpierre, member of the Swiss Federal Council (b. 1899)
- 1995 - James Coleman, American sociologist (b. 1926)
- 1995 - Krešimir Ćosić, Croatian basketball player (b. 1948)
- 1996 - John Snagge, British radio personality (b. 1904)
- 1999 - Cal Ripken, Sr., baseball manager (b. 1936)
- 2000 - Helen Martin, American actress (b. 1909)
- 2002 - Kenneth Wolstenholme, British football commentator (b. 1920)
- 2006 - Buck Owens, American singer and television personality (b. 1929)
- 2006 - Rocío Dúrcal, Spanish singer and actress (b. 1944)
- 2006 - Richard Fleischer, American film director (b. 1916)
Holidays and observances
- In Christianity, March 25 is typically celebrated as the day of the Annunciation so long as it does not coincide with a Sunday or during Holy Week.
- Eastern (Byzantine) Catholic Church: Annunciation of the Theotokos (Mother of God)
- This Feast is always celebrated on March 25 in the Eastern Church, as it is the beginning of God's plan of salvation through Christ being announced to the world.
- Traditional date of the death (circa 33), of Jesus (b. circa 1 BC in traditional dating).
- Historic start of the new year (Lady Day) in England, Wales, Ireland, and the future United States until the adoption of the Gregorian Calendar in September 1752. (The year 1752 began on 25 March; the year 1753 began on 1 January.)
- As the day falls close to the vernal equinox, similar to the way Christmas falls near the winter solstice, both days are regarded as one of the Quarter Days to Christians in the British Isles.
- Good Friday (week changes yearly);
- Maryland Day;
- Greek Independence Day;
- Freedom Day in Belarus;
- International Waffle Day in Sweden;
- Mother's Day in Slovenia.
Fictional
- 3019 TA - The passing of Sauron and destruction of the One Ring in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings. Many fans celebrate this day by throwing parties.
Liturgical feasts
- The Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Lady Day) - this date is nine months before Christmas Day, and is based on the traditional date in Catholicism of a 1 BC - Annunciation of the Virgin Mary and conception of Jesus.
- One of the four Irish Quarter days in the Irish calendar.
- Saint Dysmas, the 'Good Murderer'
- Saint Harold
- Saint Humbert
- Saint Izaak
- Saint Pelagius