List of Heads of State 1979

Overview
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Africa

• Egypt
  • Head of State: President Anwar as-Sadat (1970–1981) (1973–1974, 1980–1981 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Mustafa Chalil (1978–1980)

• Algeria
  • Head of State:
    • President of the National Assembly Rabah Bitat (1978–9 February 1979) (acting)
    • President Chadli Bendjedid (February 9, 1979–1992)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Mohamed Ben Ahmed Abdelghani (March 8, 1979–1984) (newly created office)

• Angola
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Agostinho Neto (1975-10 September 1979)
    • President José Eduardo dos Santos (September 10, 1979–2017) (acting until September 21)

• Equatorial Guinea
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Francisco Macías Nguema (1968–3 Aug. 1979)
    • Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (since August 3, 1979) (August 25, 1979–1982 Chairman of the Supreme Military Council, since 1982 President)

• Ethiopia
  • Head of State and Government: Chairman of the Provisional Military Administrative Council Mengistu Haile Mariam ( 1974 , 1977–1991) (President from 1987)

• Benin
  • Head of State and Government: President Mathieu Kérékou (1972–1991, 1996–2006 )

• Botswana
  • Head of State and Government: President Seretse Khama (1966–1980)

• Burundi
  • Head of State and Government: President Jean-Baptiste Bagaza (1976–1987)

• Djibouti
  • Head of State: President Hassan Gouled Aptidon (1977–1999) (1977 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Barkat Gourad Hamadou (1978-2001)

• Ivory Coast
  • Head of State and Government: President Félix Houphouët-Boigny (1960–1993)

• Gabon
  • Head of State: President Omar Bongo (1967–2009)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Léon Mébiame (1975–1990)

• Gambia
  • Head of State and Government: President Dawda Jawara (1970–1994) (Prime Minister 1965–1970)

• Ghana
  • Head of State and Government:
    • Chairman of the Supreme Military Council Fred Akuffo (1978–4 June 1979)
    • United Forces Revolutionary Council Chairman Jerry Rawlings (June 4, 1979– September 24, 1979, 1981–2001 )
    • President Hilla Limann (September 24, 1979–1981)

• Guinea
  • Head of State: President Ahmed Sékou Touré (1958–1984)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Louis Lansana Béavogui (1972–1984)

• Guinea-Bissau
  • Head of State: Chairman of the State Council Luís Cabral (1973–1980)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister João Bernardo Vieira (1978–1980) (1980–1984, 1984–1999, 2005–2009 President)

• Cameroon
  • Head of State: President Ahmadou Ahidjo (1960–1982)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Paul Biya (1975–1982) (President since 1982)

• Cape Verde
  • Head of State: President Aristides Pereira (1975–1991)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Pedro Pires (1975–1991) (2001–2011 President)

• Kenya
  • Head of State and Government: President Daniel Arap Moi (1978–2002)

• Comoros
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Military-Political Directorate Ahmed Abdallah ( 1975 , 1978–1989)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Salim Ben Ali (1978–1982)

• People's Republic of the Congo (1960–1970 Congo-Brazzaville ; from 1992 Republic of the Congo )
  • Head of State:
    • President Joachim Yhombi-Opango (1977–5 February 1979)
    • Chairman of the Military Committee of the Congolese Labor Party Jean-Pierre Thystère Tchicaya (February 5, 1979– February 8, 1979)
    • President Denis Sassou-Nguesso (February 8, 1979–1992, since 1997)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Louis Sylvain Goma (1975–1984, 1991 )

• Lesotho
  • Head of State: King Moshoeshoe II ( 1966–1970 , 1970–1990, 1995–1996 )
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Leabua Jonathan (1966–1986) (1970 Head of State)

• Liberia
  • Heads of State or Government: President William R. Tolbert, Jr. (1971–1980)

• Libya
  • Revolutionary leader: Muammar al-Gaddafi (1969–2011) (1969–1979 General Secretary of the General People's Congress)
  • Head of State:
    • General Secretary of the General People's Congress Muammar al-Gaddafi (1969–1 March 1979) (1979–2011 revolutionary leader)
    • General Secretary of the General People's Congress Abd al-Ati al-Ubayyidi (March 1, 1979–1981) (1977–1979 General Secretary of the General People's Committee)
  • Head of Government:
    • General Secretary of the General People's Committee Abd al-Ati al-Ubayyidi (1977–1979) (1979–1981 General Secretary of the General People's Congress)
    • General Secretary of the General People's Committee, Jadullah Azzuz at-Talhi (March 1, 1979–1984, 1986–1987 )

• Madagascar
  • Head of State: President Didier Ratsiraka (1975–1993, 1997–2002 )
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Désiré Rakotoarijaona (1977–1988)

• Malawi
  • Head of State or Government: President Hastings Kamuzu Banda (1966–1994) (1964–1966 Prime Minister)

• Mali
  • Head of State and Government: President Moussa Traoré (1968–1991)

• Morocco
  • Head of State: King Hassan II (1961–1999)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Ahmed Osman (1972-22 March 1979)
    • Prime Minister Maati Bouabid (March 22, 1979–1983)

• Mauritania
  • Head of State:
    • President Mustafa Ould Salek (1978–3 June 1979)
    • President Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Louly (June 3, 1979–1980)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Ahmed Ould Bouceif (April 6, 1979– May 27, 1979) (newly created office)
    • Prime Minister Ahmed Salim Ould Sidi (May 27, 1979– May 31, 1979) (acting)
    • Prime Minister Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla (May 31, 1979–1980, 1984 ) (1980–1984 President)

• Mauritius
  • Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (1968–1992)
    • Governor General: Dayendranath Burrenchobay (1978–1983)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Seewoosagur Ramgoolam (1968–1982) (1983–1985 Governor General)

• Mozambique
  • Head of State: President Samora Machel (1975–1986)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Mário Fernandes da Graça Machungo (1976–1994)

• Niger
  • Head of State and Government: President of the Supreme Military Council Seyni Kountché (1974–1987)

• Nigeria
  • Head of State and Government:
    • Head of the Federal Military Government Olusegun Obasanjo (1976–1 October 1979)
    • President Shehu Shagari (October 1, 1979–1983)

• Upper Volta (from 1984 Burkina Faso )
  • Head of State: President Sangoulé Lamizana (1966–1980) (1974–1980 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Sangoulé Lamizana (1974–1980)

• Rhodesia (not internationally recognized) (from June 1, 1979 Zimbabwe-Rhodesia , December 12, 1979 return to colonial status , since 1980 Zimbabwe )
  • Head of State:
    • President Jack William Pithey (1978–1979) ( Acting )
    • President Henry Everard ( 1976, 1978 , March 5, 1979– June 1, 1979) (Acting)
    • President Josiah Zion Gumede (June 1, 1979– December 12, 1979)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Ian Smith (1965–1 June 1979)
    • Prime Minister Abel Muzorewa (June 1, 1979– December 12, 1979)

• Rwanda
  • Head of State and Government: President Juvénal Habyarimana (1973–1994)

• Zambia
  • Head of State: President Kenneth Kaunda (1964–1991)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Daniel Lisulo (1978–1981)

• Sao Tome and Principe
  • Head of State: President Manuel Pinto da Costa (1975–1991, 2011–2016 )
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Miguel Trovoada (1975–9 April 1979) (1991–1995. 1995–2001 President) (office abolished)

• Senegal
  • Head of State: President Léopold Sédar Senghor (1960–1980)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdou Diouf (1970–1980) (1981–2000 President)

• Seychelles
  • Head of State and Government: President France-Albert René (1977–2004) (1976–1977 Prime Minister)

• Sierra Leone
  • Head of State and Government: President Siaka Stevens (1971–1985) (1967, 1968–1971 Prime Minister)

• Somalia
  • Head of State and Government: President Siad Barre (1969–1991)

• South Africa
  • Head of State:
    • President Balthazar Johannes Vorster (1978–4 June 1979) (1966–1978 Prime Minister)
    • President Marais Viljoen ( 1978 , June 4, 1979–1984)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Pieter Willem Botha (1978–1984) (1984–1989 President)

• Sudan
  • Head of State: President Jafar an-Numairi ( 1969–1971 , 1971–1985) (1969–1976, 1977–1985 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Jafar an-Numairi ( 1969–1976 , 1977–1985) (1969–1971, 1971–1985 President)

• Swaziland
  • Head of State: King Sobhuza II. (1968–1982)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Maphevu Dlamini (1976-25 October 1979)
    • Prime Minister Ben Nsibandze (October 25, 1979– November 23, 1979) (acting)
    • Prime Minister Mabandla Dlamini (November 23, 1979–1983)

• Tanzania
  • Head of State: President Julius Nyerere (1962–1985) (Prime Minister 1961–1962)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Edward Moringe Sokoine (1977–1980, 1983–1984 )

• Togo
  • Head of State and Government: President Gnassingbé Eyadéma (1967–2005)

• Chad
  • Head of State:
    • President Félix Malloum (1975–23 March 1979)
    • Chairman of the Provisional Council of State Goukouni Oueddei (March 23, 1979– April 29, 1979, 1979–1982 )
    • President of the Transitional Government of the National Union Lol Mohammed Chawa (April 29, 1979– September 3, 1979)
    • President of the Transitional Government of the National Union Goukouni Oueddei ( 1979 , September 3, 1979–1982) (until November 10, 1979 Chairman of the Provisional Administrative Committee)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Hissène Habré (1978–23 March 1979) (1982–1990 Head of State)

• Tunisia
  • Head of State: President Habib Bourguiba (1957–1987)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Hédi Nouira (1970–1980)

• Uganda
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Idi Amin (1971-13 April 1979)
    • President Yusuf Lule (April 13, 1979– June 20, 1979)
    • President Godfrey Binaisa (June 20, 1979–1980)

• Western Sahara (controversial)
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council Mohamed Abdelaziz (1976-2016) (in exile)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Mohamed Lamine Ould Ahmed (1976–1982, 1985–1988 ) (in exile)

• Zaïre (until 1964 Congo-Léopoldville , 1964–1971, since 1997 Democratic Republic of the Congo )
  • Head of State: President Mobutu Sese Seko (1965–1997)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Mpinga Kasenda (1977–6 March 1979)
    • Prime Minister Bo-Boliko Lokonga Monse Mihambo (March 6, 1979–1980)

• Central African Republic (until September 20, 1979 Central African Empire )
  • Head of State:
    • Emperor Salah Eddine Ahmed Bokassa (1976–20 September 1979) (1966–1976 President)
    • President David Dacko ( 1960–1966 , September 20, 1979–1981) (acting until November 12, 1979)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Henri Maïdou (1978–26 September 1979)
    • Prime Minister Bernard Ayandho (September 26, 1979–1980)

America

North America

• Canada
  • Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
    • Governor General :
      • Jules Léger (1974-22 January 1979)
      • Edward Schreyer (January 22, 1979–1984)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau (1968–4 June 1979, 1980–1984 )
    • Prime Minister Joe Clark (June 4, 1979–1980)

• Mexico
  • Head of State and Government: President José López Portillo (1976–1982)

• United States of America
  • Head of State or Government: President Jimmy Carter (1977–1981)

Central America

• Bahamas
  • Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1973)
    • Governor General :
      • Milo Butler (1973-22 January 1979)
      • Gerald Cash (January 22, 1979–1988)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Lynden O. Pindling (1973–1992)

• Barbados
  • Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1966)
    • Governor General : Deighton Lisle Ward (1976–1984)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister John Michael G. Adams (1976–1985)

• Costa Rica
  • Head of State and Government: President Rodrigo Carazo Odio (1978–1982)

• Dominica (1978 independence)
  • Head of State:
    • President Louis Cools-Lartigue (1978–19 January 1979) ( Acting )
    • President Fred Degazon (January 19, 1979–1980) (abroad since June 11, 1979)
    • President Jenner Armou (June 21, 1979–1980) ( Acting )
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Patrick John (1978-21 June 1979)
    • Prime Minister Oliver Seraphin (June 21, 1979–1980)

• Dominican Republic
  • Head of State and Government: President Antonio Guzmán Fernández (1978–1982)

• El Salvador
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Carlos Humberto Romero (1977– October 15, 1979)
    • Revolutionary Junta (October 15, 1979–1982)

• Grenada
  • Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
    • Governor General : Paul Scoon (1978–1992)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Eric Gairy (1974-13 March 1979)
    • Prime Minister Maurice Bishop (March 13, 1979–1983)

• Guatemala
  • Head of State and Government: President Fernando Romeo Lucas García (1978–1982)

• Haiti
  • Head of State and Government: President Jean-Claude Duvalier (1971–1986)

• Honduras
  • Head of State and Government: President Policarpio Juan Paz García (1978–1982)

• Jamaica
  • Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1962)
    • Governor General : Florizel Glasspole (1973–1991)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Michael Manley (1972–1980, 1989–1992 )

• Cuba
  • Head of State and Head of Government: President of the Council of State and the Council of Ministers Fidel Castro (1976-2008) (1959-1976 Prime Minister)

• Nicaragua
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Anastasio Somoza Debayle ( 1967–1972 , 1974–1979)
    • President of the Congress Francisco Urcuyo Maliaños (July 17, 1979– July 18, 1979) ( Acting )
    • Government junta of national reconstruction:
      • Daniel Ortega (July 18, 1979–1985) (1985–1990, President since 2007)
      • Sergio Ramírez (July 18, 1979–1985)
      • Violeta Barrios de Chamorro (July 18, 1979–1980) (President 1990–1997)
      • Luis Adolfo Robelo Callejas (July 18, 1979–1980)
      • Moisés Hassan Morales (July 18, 1979–1981)

• Panama
  • Head of State and Government: President Aristides Royo (1978–1982)

• St. Lucia (1979 independence)
  • Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since February 22, 1979)
    • Governor General : Allen Montgomery Lewis (February 22, 1979–1980, 1982–1987 )
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister John Compton (February 22, 1979– July 2, 1979, 1982–1996, 2006–2007 )
    • Prime Minister Allan Louisy (July 2, 1979–1981)

• St. Vincent and the Grenadines (1979 independence)
  • Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since October 27, 1979)
    • Governor General : Sydney Gun-Munro (October 27, 1979–1985)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Milton Cato (October 27, 1979–1984)

• Trinidad and Tobago
  • Head of State: President Ellis Clarke (1976–1987) (1972–1976 Governor General)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Eric Eustace Williams (1962–1981)

South America

• Argentina
  • Head of State and Government: President Jorge Rafael Videla (1976–1981)

• Bolivia
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President David Padilla Arancibia (1978–1979)
    • President Wálter Guevara Arze (August 8, 1979– November 1, 1979)
    • President Alberto Natusch Busch (November 1, 1979– November 16, 1979)
    • President Lidia Gueiler Tejada (November 17, 1979–1980)

• Brazil
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Ernesto Geisel (1974–15 March 1979)
    • President João Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo (March 15, 1979–1985)

• Chile
  • Head of State and Government: President Augusto Pinochet (1974–1990)

• Ecuador
  • Head of State and Government:
    • Chairman of the Supreme Government Council Alfredo Poveda (1976-10 August 1979)
    • President Jaime Roldós (August 10, 1979–1981)

• Guyana
  • Head of State: President Arthur Chung (1970–1980)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Forbes Burnham (1966–1980) (1980–1985 President)

• Colombia
  • Head of State and Government: President Julio César Turbay (1978–1982)

• Paraguay
  • Head of State and Government: President Alfredo Stroessner (1954–1989)

• Peru
  • Head of State: President Francisco Morales Bermúdez (1975–1980) (1975 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Óscar Molina Pallochia (1978–31 January 1979)
    • Prime Minister Pedro Richter Prada (January 31, 1979–1980)

• Suriname
  • Head of State: President Johan Ferrier (1975–1980)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Henck AE Arron (1975–1980, 1988–1990 )

• Uruguay
  • Head of State and Government: President Aparicio Méndez (1976–1981)

• Venezuela
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Carlos Andrés Pérez (1974–12 March 1979, 1989–1993 )
    • President Luís Herrera Campíns (March 12, 1979–1984)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

• Bangladesh
  • Head of State: President Ziaur Rahman (1977–1981)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Mashiur Rahman (1978-12 March 1979)
    • Prime Minister Shah Azizur Rahman (April 15, 1979-1982)

• Bhutan
  • Head of State and Government: King Jigme Singye Wangchuck (1972-2006)

• Burma (now Myanmar )
  • Head of State: President Ne Win (1962–1981) (until 1974 Chairman of the Revolutionary Council) (1958–1960, 1962–1974 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Maung Maung Kha (1977–1988)

• Republic of China (Taiwan)
  • Head of State: President Chiang Ching-kuo (1978–1988) (1972–1978 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Sun Yun-suan (1978–1984)

• People's Republic of China
  • Party leader: Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party Hua Guofeng (1976–1981) (Prime Minister 1976–1980)
  • Head of State: Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress Ye Jianying (1978–1983)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Hua Guofeng (1976–1980) (1976–1981 Chairman of the CCP)

• India
  • Head of State: President Neelam Sanjiva Reddy (1977–1982)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Morarji Desai (1977–24 July 1979)
    • Prime Minister Chaudhary Charan Singh (July 24, 1979–1980)

• Indonesia
  • Head of State and Government: President Suharto (1967–1998)

• Japan
  • Head of State: Emperor Hirohito (1926–1989)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Masayoshi Ōhira (1978–1980)

• Cambodia
  • Head of State:
    • Chairman of the State Presidency Khieu Samphan (1976–7 January 1979)
    • President of the Revolutionary People's Council Heng Samrin (January 7, 1979–1992) (from 1981 Chairman of the State Council)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Pol Pot (1976–7 January 1979) (office abolished)

• North Korea
  • Chairman of the National Defense Commission : Kim Il-sung (1948–1994)
  • Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly : Kim Il-sung (1972–1994)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Ri Jong-ok (1977–1984)

• South Korea
  • Head of State:
    • President Park Chung-hee (1962– October 26, 1979)
    • President Choi Kyu-ha (1979–1988) (October 26, 1979–1980) (1975–1979 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Choi Kyu-ha (1975–6 December 1979) (1979–1980 President)
    • Prime Minister Shin Hyeon-hwak (December 12, 1979–1980)

• Laos
  • Head of State: President Souphanouvong (1975–1991)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Kaysone Phomvihane (1975–1991) (1991–1992 President)

• Malaysia
  • Head of State:
    • Supreme Ruler Yahya Petra (1975-29 March 1979)
    • Supreme Ruler Ahmad Shah Al-Mustain Billah (March 29, 1979–1984)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Hussein Onn (1976–1981)

• Maldives
  • Head of State or Government: President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom (1978–2008)

• Nepal
  • Head of State: King Birendra (1972-2001)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Kirti Nidhi Bista ( 1969–1970, 1971–1973 , 1977–30 May 1979)
    • Prime Minister Surya Bahadur Thapa ( 1963–1964, 1965–1969 , May 30, 1979–1983, 1997–1998, 2003–2004 )

• Pakistan
  • Head of State and Government: President Mohammed Zia-ul-Haq (1978–1988) (1988 Prime Minister)

• Philippines
  • Head of State and Government: President Ferdinand Marcos (1965–1986)

• Singapore
  • Head of State: President Benjamin Henry Sheares (1971–1981)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew (1959–1990)

• Sri Lanka
  • Head of State: President Junius Richard Jayawardene (1978–1989) (1977–1978 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Ranasinghe Premadasa (1978–1989)

• Thailand
  • Head of State: King Rama IX. Bhumibol Adulyadej (1946-2016)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Kriangsak Chomanan (1977–1980)

• Vietnam
  • Head of State: President Tôn Đức Thắng (1976–1980) (1969–1976 President of North Vietnam)
  • Head of Government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers Phạm Văn Đồng (1976–1987) (1955–1976 Prime Minister of North Vietnam)

Middle East

• Bahrain
  • Head of State: Emir Isa II. (1971–1999)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa (since 1971)

• Iraq
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Ahmad Hasan al-Bakr (1968–16 July 1979) (Prime Minister 1963)
    • President Saddam Hussein (July 16, 1979-2003)

• Iran
  • Head of State:
    • Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (1941–5 February 1979) (left Iran on 16 January 1979)
    • Chief Legal Scholar Ruhollah Khomeini (February 5, 1979–1980)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Gholam Reza Azhari (1978–4 January 1979)
    • Prime Minister Shapur Bakhtiar (January 4, 1979– February 5, 1979)
    • Prime Minister Mehdi Bāzargān (February 5, 1979– November 6, 1979)
    • Islamic Revolutionary Council (November 6, 1979–1980)

• Israel
  • Head of State: President Yitzchak Nawon (1978–1983)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Menachem Begin (1977–1983)

• North Yemen
  • Head of State: President Ali Abdullah Salih (1978–1990) (1990–2012 President of Yemen)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Abd al-Aziz Abd al-Ghani (1975–1980, 1983–1990 ) (1994–1997 Prime Minister of Yemen)

• South Yemen
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Council Abd al-Fattah Ismail (1978–1980)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Ali Nasir Muhammad (1971–1985) (1978, 1980–1986 President)

• Jordan
  • Head of State: King Hussein (1952–1999)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Mudar Badran (1976–19 December 1979, 1980–1984, 1990–1991 )
    • Prime Minister Abdelhamid Sharaf (December 19, 1979–1980)

• Qatar
  • Head of State and Government: Emir Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani (1972–1995)

• Kuwait
  • Head of State: Emir Jabir III. (1977–2006) ( 1962–1963, 1965–1978 Prime Minister )
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Sa'ad al-Abdallah as-Salim as-Sabah (1978-2003) (2006 Emir)

• Lebanon
  • Head of State: President Elias Sarkis (1976–1982)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Selim al-Hoss (1976–1980, 1987–1990, 1998–2000 )

• Oman
  • Head of State and Government: Sultan Qaboos ibn Said (1970–2020)

• Saudi Arabia
  • Head of State and Government: King Khalid ibn Abd al-Aziz (1975–1982)

• Syria
  • Head of State: President Hafiz al-Assad (1971–2000) (1970–1971 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Muhammad Ali al-Halabi (1978–1980)

• Turkey
  • Head of State: President Fahri Korutürk (1973–1980)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Bülent Ecevit ( 1974, 1977 , 1978–12 November 1979)
    • Prime Minister Süleyman Demirel ( 1965–1971, 1975–1977, 1977–1978 , November 12, 1979–1980, 1991–1993 ) (1993–2000 President)

• United Arab Emirates
  • Head of State: President Zayid bin Sultan Al Nahyan (1971–2004) (1966–2004 Emir of Abu Dhabi)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Maktum bin Raschid Al Maktum (1971–25 April 1979, 1990–2006 ) (1990–2006 Emir of Dubai)
    • Prime Minister Raschid bin Said Al Maktum (April 25, 1979–1990) (1958–1990 Emir of Dubai)

Central Asia

• Afghanistan
  • Head of State:
    • President of the Revolutionary Council Nur Muhammad Taraki (1978–16 September 1979)
    • President of the Revolutionary Council Hafizullah Amin (September 16, 1979– December 27, 1979)
    • President of the Revolutionary Council Babrak Karmal (December 27, 1979–1986)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Nur Muhammad Taraki (1978-27 March 1979)
    • Prime Minister Hafizullah Amin (March 27, 1979– December 27, 1979)
    • Prime Minister Babrak Karmal (December 27, 1979–1981)

• Mongolia
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Great People's Chural Jumdschaagiin Tsedenbal (1974–1984) (1952–1974 Chairman of the Council of Ministers)
  • Head of Government: Chairman of the Dschambyn Batmönch Council of Ministers (1974–1984) (1984–1990 Chairman of the Great People's Chural)

Australia and Oceania

• Australia
  • Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
    • Governor General : Zelman Cowen (1977–1982)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser (1975–1983)

• Cook Islands (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
  • Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1965)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Tom Davis (1978–1983, 1983–1987 )

• Fiji
  • Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (1970–1987)
    • Governor General: George Cakobau (1973–1983)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Kamisese Mara (1970–1987, 1987–1992 ) (1993–2000 President)

• Kiribati (independent since July 12, 1979)
  • Head of State or Government: President Ieremia Tabai (July 12, 1979–1982, 1983–1991 )

• Nauru
  • Head of State and Government: President Hammer DeRoburt ( 1968–1976 , 1978–1986, 1986, 1986–1989 )

• New Zealand
  • Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
    • Governor General : Keith Holyoake (1977–1980) (1957, 1960–1972 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Robert Muldoon (1975-1984)

• Niue (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
  • Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
    • Queen's Representative: Governor General of New Zealand
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Robert Rex (1974–1992)

• Papua New Guinea
  • Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1975)
    • Governor General : Tore Lokoloko (1977–1983)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Michael Somare (1975–1980, 1982–1985, 2002–2011 )

• Solomon Islands
  • Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
    • Governor General : Baddeley Devesi (1978–1988)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Peter Kenilorea (1978–1981, 1984–1986 )

• Tonga
  • Head of State: King Taufaʻahau Tupou IV. (1970-2006)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Fatafehi ​​Tu'ipelehake (1970–1991)

• Tuvalu
  • Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
    • Governor General : Fiatao Penitala Teo (1978–1986)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Toaripi Lauti (1978–1981)

• Western Samoa (today Samoa )
  • Head of State: O le Ao o le Malo Tanumafili II. (1962-2007)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Tupuola Taisi Tufuga Efi (1976–1982) (2007–2017 Head of State)

Europe

• Albania
  • Party leader: 1st Secretary of the Albanian Workers' Party Enver Hoxha (1948–1985) (1946–1954 Prime Minister)
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly Haxhi Lleshi (1953–1982)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Mehmet Shehu (1954–1981)

• Andorra
  • Co-princes :
    • President of France : Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (1974–1981)
    • Bishop of Urgell : Joan Martí Alanís (1971-2003)

• Belgium
  • Head of State: King Baudouin I (1951–1993)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Paul Vanden Boeynants ( 1966–1968 , 1978–3 April 1979)
    • Prime Minister Wilfried Martens (April 3, 1979–1981, 1981–1992 )

• Bulgaria
  • Party leader: General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party Todor Zhivkov (1954–1989) (1971–1989 Chairman of the Council of State) (1962–1971 Chairman of the Council of Ministers)
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Council of State Todor Zhivkow (1971–1989) (1954–1989 party leader) (1962–1971 Chairman of the Council of Ministers)
  • Head of Government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers Stanko Todorow (1971–1981) (President 1990)

• Denmark
  • Head of State: Queen Margrethe II (since 1972)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Anker Jørgensen ( 1972–1973 , 1975–1982)
  • Faroe Islands (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
    • Representative of the Danish government: Reichsombudsmann Leif Groth (1972–1981)
    • Head of Government: Prime Minister Atli P. Dam (1970–1981, 1985–1989, 1991–1993 )
  • Greenland (since May 1, 1979, politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
    • Representative of the Danish government: Reichsombudsman Torben Hede Pedersen (May 1, 1979–1992)
    • Head of Government: Prime Minister Jonathan Motzfeldt (May 1, 1979–1991, 1997–2002 )

• Federal Republic of Germany
  • Head of State:
    • Federal President Walter Scheel (1974–30 June 1979)
    • Federal President Karl Carstens (July 1, 1979–1984)
  • Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Helmut Schmidt (1974–1982)

• German Democratic Republic
  • Party leader: General Secretary of the Central Committee of the SED Erich Honecker (1971–1989) (1976–1989 Chairman of the State Council)
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Council of State Erich Honecker (1976–1989) (1971–1989 party leader)
  • Head of Government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers Willi Stoph ( 1964–1973 , 1976–1989) (1973–1976 Chairman of the State Council)

• Finland
  • Head of State: President Urho Kekkonen (1956–1982) (1950–1953, 1954–1956 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Kalevi Sorsa ( 1972–1975 , 1977–26 May 1979)
    • Prime Minister Mauno Koivisto ( 1968–1970 , May 26, 1979–1982) (President 1982–1994)

• France
  • Head of State: President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (1974–1981)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Raymond Barre (1976–1981)

• Greece
  • Head of State: President Konstantinos Tsatsos (1975–1980)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Konstantinos Karamanlis ( 1955–1958, 1958–1961, 1961–1963 , 1974–1980) (1980–1985, 1990–1995 President)

• Ireland
  • Head of State: President Patrick Hillery (1976–1990)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Jack Lynch ( 1966–1973 , 1977–11 December 1979)
    • Prime Minister Charles J. Haughey (December 11, 1979–1981, 1982, 1997–1992 )

• Iceland
  • Head of State: President Kristján Eldjárn (1968–1980)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Ólafur Jóhannesson ( 1971–1974 , 1978–15 October 1979)
    • Prime Minister Benedikt Sigurðsson Gröndal (October 15, 1979–1980)

• Italy
  • Head of State: President Sandro Pertini (1978–1985)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti ( 1972–1973 , 1976–5 August 1979, 1989–1992 )
    • Prime Minister Francesco Cossiga (August 5, 1979–1980) (President 1985–1992)

• Yugoslavia
  • Head of State: President Josip Broz Tito (1953–1980) (1945–1963 Prime Minister)
  • Head of government: President of the executive Federal Council Veselin Đuranović (1977–1982) (1984–1985 head of state)

• Channel Islands
  • guernsey
    • Head of State and Government: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
      • Lieutenant Governor: John Davis (1974–1980)
  • jersey
    • Head of State and Government: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
      • Deputy Governor:
        • Desmond Fitzpatrick (1974–1979)
        • Peter Whiteley (1979-1984)

• Liechtenstein
  • Head of State: Prince Franz Josef II. (1938–1989)
  • Head of Government : Hans Brunhart (1978–1993)

• Luxembourg
  • Head of State: Grand Duke Jean (1964–2000)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Gaston Thorn (1974–16 July 1979)
    • Prime Minister Pierre Werner ( 1959–1974 , July 16, 1979–1984)

• Malta
  • Head of State: President Anton Buttiġieġ (1976–1981)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Dom Mintoff (1971–1984)

• Isle of Man
  • Head of State: Lord of Man Elizabeth II (since 1952)
    • Lieutenant Governor : John Warburton Paul (1974–1980)
  • Head of Government: Chairman of the Executive Council Clifford Irving (1977–1981)

• Monaco
  • Head of State: Prince : Rainier III. (1949-2005)
  • Head of Government: Minister of State André Saint-Mleux (1972–1981)

• Netherlands
  • Head of State: Queen Juliana (1948–1980)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Dries van Agt (1977–1982)

• Norway
  • Head of State: King Olav V (1957–1991)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Odvar Nordli (1976–1981)

• Austria
  • Head of State: Federal President Rudolf Kirchschläger (1974–1986)
  • Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Bruno Kreisky (1970–1983)

• Poland
  • Party leader: 1st Secretary Edward Gierek (1970–1980)
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Council of State Henryk Jabłoński (1972–1985)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Piotr Jaroszewicz (1970–1980)

• Portugal
  • Head of State: President Ramalho Eanes (1976–1986)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Carlos Mota Pinto (1978–1 August 1979)
    • Prime Minister Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo (August 1, 1979–1980)

• Romania
  • Party leader: General Secretary Nicolae Ceaușescu (1965–1989) (1967–1989 Head of State)
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Council of State Nicolae Ceaușescu (1967–1989) (1965–1989 party leader)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Manea Mănescu (1974–29 March 1979)
    • Prime Minister Ilie Verdeț (March 29, 1979–1982)

• San Marino
  • Head of State: Capitani Reggenti
    • Ermenegildo Gasperoni (October 1, 1978– April 1, 1979) and Adriano Reffi (October 1, 1978– April 1, 1979, 1983 )
    • Marino Bollini (April 1, 1979– October 1, 1979, 1984–1985, 1995, 1999–2000 ) and Lino Celli (April 1, 1979– October 1, 1979)
    • Giuseppe Amici (October 1, 1979– April 1, 1980, 1984–1985 ) and Germano De Biagi (October 1, 1979– April 1, 1980, 1983–1984, 1992 )

• Sweden
  • Head of State: King Carl XVI. Gustaf (since 1973)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Ola Ullsten (1978–9 October 1979)
    • Prime Minister Thorbjörn Fälldin ( 1976–1978 , October 9, 1979–1982)

• Switzerland
  • Federal President : Hans Hürlimann (1979)
  • Federal Council :
    • Rudolf Gnägi (1966–31 December 1979)
    • Kurt Furgler (1972–1986)
    • Hans Hürlimann (1974–1982)
    • Georges-André Chevallaz (1974-1983)
    • Willi Ritschard (1974–1983)
    • Fritz Honegger (1978–1982)
    • Pierre Aubert (1978–1987)

• Soviet Union
  • Party leader: General Secretary of the CPSU Leonid Brezhnev (1964–1982) (until 1966 first secretary) (1960–1964, 1977–1982 head of state)
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Leonid Brezhnev ( 1960–1964 , 1977–1982) (1964–1982 party leader)
  • Head of Government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers Alexei Kosygin (1964–1980)

• Spain
  • Head of State: King Juan Carlos I (1975-2014)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Adolfo Suárez (1976–1981)

• Czechoslovakia
  • Party leader: Chairman Gustáv Husák (1969–1987) (1975–1989 President)
  • Head of State: President Gustáv Husák (1975–1989) (1669–1987 party leader)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Lubomír Štrougal (1970–1988)

• Hungary
  • Party leader: General Secretary of the Party of Hungarian Working People János Kádár (1956–1988) (1956–1958, Prime Minister 1961–1965)
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Presidential Council Pál Losonczi (1967–1987)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister György Lázár (1975–1987)

• Vatican city
  • Head of State: Pope John Paul II (1978-2005)
  • Head of Government:
    • Cardinal Secretary of State Jean-Marie Villot (1969–9 March 1979)
    • Cardinal Secretary of State Agostino Casaroli (April 30, 1979–1990)

• United Kingdom
  • Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952) (crowned 1953)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister James Callaghan (1976-4 May 1979)
    • Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher (May 4, 1979–1990)

• Republic of Cyprus
  • Head of State and Government: President Spyros Kyprianou (1977–1988)

Remarks

1. ↑ ^{a b} The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are areas that are directly under the British Crown. They are not part of the UK.
2. ↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares