List of German inventors and discoverers

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The list of German inventors and discoverers is a list of inventors and discoverers from Germany in alphabetical order of the family name.

list

Contents A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A.

Manfred von Ardenne as a young man

• Ernst Abbe : physicist, statistician, optician, entrepreneur and social reformer; together with Carl Zeiss and Otto Schott created the foundations of modern optics, developed many optical instruments and helped the Carl Zeiss company to become world famous.
• Willy Abel : inventor of the egg cutter
• Franz Carl Achard : He developed the technology for producing sugar from sugar beet . In 1802, he built the world's first functioning sugar beet factory in Prussia.
• Udo Adelsberger : Co-inventor of the PTR quartz watch (together with Adolf Scheibe )
• Konrad Adenauer : politician and Federal Chancellor; developed u. a. a process for the production of Cologne sausage (1916) and Cologne bread (1917)
• Franz Ulrich Theodor Aepinus : Discovery of the piezoelectric properties of the material tourmaline
• Georgius Agricola : "Father" of mineralogy
• Julius Albert : inventor of the wire rope .
• Kurt Alder : (Nobel Prize) - Diels-Alder reaction
• Richard Altmann : Discoverer of the Mitochondrion , 1886
• Alois Alzheimer : psychiatrist and neuropathologist; first described the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease .
• Ottomar Anschütz : inventor of the focal plane shutter (photo technology), 1889
• Hermann Anschütz-Kaempfe : inventor of the gyro compass .
• Manfred von Ardenne : physicist; Researcher mainly active in applied physics, 600 inventions and patents in radio and television technology, electron microscopy, nuclear, plasma and medical technology
• Martin Leo Arons : Co-inventor of the mercury vapor lamp
• Leopold Auerbach : anatomist and pathologist, in 1862 he was the first to describe the Auerbach's plexus (plexus myentericus), which is now named after him, a network of nerve cells that controls the motility and peristalsis of the digestive system.
• Max Abraham : Theoretical Physicist; around 1902 he developed a theory according to which electrons are perfect rigid spheres with a charge evenly distributed over the surface. It was the first field theoretical conception of the electron, which had a great influence on the further development of electron theory. He coined the terms “longitudinal” and “transversal” electromagnetic mass

B.

• Walter Baade : German astrophysicist, in 1944 Baade succeeded for the first time in resolving the core region of the Andromeda Nebula into individual stars. In 1952, Baade determined that the distances to the galaxies were at least twice as great as previously assumed. This doubled the scale and age of the universe. Together with the Swiss Fritz Zwicky, he developed the theory that supernovae could generate neutron stars.

Karl Ernst von Baer , 1840

• Karl Ernst von Baer : German-Baltic naturalist, zoologist, embryologist, anthropologist, geographer, explorer and discoverer of the human egg cell. He formulated the Baer rule of embryo similarity as well as the law named after him of the different erosion of river banks by the Coriolis force. He is considered one of the most important natural scientists of the 19th century and is sometimes referred to as the "Alexander von Humboldt of the North" because of his scientific achievements in numerous areas.
• Adolf von Baeyer : He developed the first indigo synthesis ; he synthesized phenolphthalein , fluorescein, and paved the way for the synthesis of alizarin .
• Hermann Bahlsen : Founder of the "Hannoversche Cakesfabrik H. Bahlsen" (1889) and inventor of the "Leibniz butter biscuit" named after Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.
• Albert Ballin : inventor of the cruise ship and the modern cruise
• Heinrich Band : inventor of the bandoneon
• Heinrich Barkhausen : inventor of the Barkhausen short oscillator , developed the Barkhausen tube formula , discovered the magnetic Barkhausen effect .
• Oskar Barnack : Precision mechanic, inventor of the 35 mm small picture camera, Leica
• Wilhelm Bartelmann : inventor of the beach chair
• Heinrich Barth : Africa explorer
• Anton de Bary : is considered to be the "founder" of phytopathology
• Wilhelm Bauer : inventor, built the first modern submarines
• Gottlob Bauknecht : co-inventor of the sewing machine motor, universal electric motor “Landfreund” 1920s, electric stirring aid “Allfix” 1948, other electrical household appliances
• Carl von Basedow : First description of Basedow's disease
• Walter Bauer : Polymethyl methacrylate (Plexiglas) (next to Otto Röhm )
• Eugen Baumann : The use of benzoyl chloride to characterize amino and hydroxyl groups goes back to him. The Schotten-Baumann reaction is well known .
• Carl Baunscheidt : Baunscheidt therapy , needle stick device "Lebenswecker"
• Otto Bayer : Chemist, in 1937 he discovered polyaddition for polyurethane synthesis and later a route to the direct synthesis of acrylonitrile for the production of polyacrylonitrile fibers
• Hans Beck : inventor of the "Playmobil" toy
• Ernst Otto Beckmann : Chemist, Beckmann rearrangement , intramolecular rearrangement of ketoximes into substituted amides, Beckmann thermometers , Beckmann freezers and boilers
• Johannes Georg Bednorz : 1987 Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in ceramics made from copper oxides
• Martin Behaim : inventor of the oldest surviving globe, called "Erdapfel".
• Alexander Behm : (1880–1952), physicist and inventor of the echo sounder

Emil Adolf von Behring

• Emil Adolf von Behring : bacteriologist and serologist, winner of the first Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• Paul Carl Beiersdorf , Quick Bandage , 1882
• Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen : discoverer of the Antarctic land mass
• Otto Bengtson , fully automatic coffee machine with integrated grinder, 1960s
• Melitta Bentz : housewife and mother, developed the coffee filter in 1908 .
• Bertha Benz : Business partner of her husband Karl Benz, automobile pioneer and inventor of numerous improvements for the automobile.

Carl Benz .

• Carl Benz : Engineer and automobile pioneer, father of the gasoline-powered automobile. His Benz Patent Motor Car No. 1 from 1885 is the first automobile; Surface carburetor
• Albrecht Ludwig Berblinger : inventor and flight pioneer, who became known for the construction of a (airworthy) hang-glider and the unsuccessful public flight attempt from the Ulm Eagle Bastion over the Danube (1811).
• Hans Berger : developer of electroencephalography (EEG)
• Friedrich Bergius : (Nobel Prize) - Merits for the discovery and development of the chemical high pressure process
• Theodor Bergmann : various machine guns; Submachine gun MP18
• Wilhelm Berkefeld : Berkefeld filter for drinking water purification
• Emil Berliner : (Germany / United States) gramophone and record
• Heinrich Gottlob Bertsch : first fully synthetic detergent , first mild detergent Fewa , 1932
• Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel : first successful parallax measurement to determine the distance of a fixed star in 1838
• Hans Bethe : pioneer of the application of quantum mechanics in various areas of physics; Nobel Laureate in Physics (1967)
• Albert Betz : co-inventor of modern wind turbines ; Betz's law
• Josef F. Bille : invented the LASIK procedure, with which ametropia is corrected surgically with laser; various patents for laser eye treatment
• Theodor Billroth : "Founder" of modern abdominal surgery and pioneer of larynx surgery
• Gerd Binnig : Developed the scanning tunneling microscope with the Swiss Heinrich Rohrer in the IBM research laboratory near Zurich in 1981 .
• Walter Bock : Chemist, 1929, the production of styrene-butadiene rubber
• Max Bockmühl : inventor of methadone (together with Gustav Ehrhart )
• Johann Elert Bode : astronomer; Bode became famous in the professional world primarily for his work on the orbit of Uranus, which was discovered in 1781
• Ludwig Bolkow : to develop the Bf 109G, the Me 210 and the first standard operational jet-powered fighter aircraft in the world, the Messerschmitt Me 262 involved
• Manfred Börner : Pioneer and inventor of optoelectronic messaging
• Johann Friedrich Böttger : The jasper porcelain ( Böttger stoneware ) and the prototype of the still unglazed white porcelain were developed by Böttger and Tschirnhaus in Dresden
• Hugo Borchardt : automatic handgun (Sharps-Borchardt model 1877, Borchardt C93 1893)
• Max Born : fundamental contributions to quantum mechanics
• Carl Bosch : chemist and Nobel Prize winner
• Robert Bosch : industrialist, engineer and inventor, founder of Robert Bosch GmbH
• Walther Bothe : physicist and founder of modern nuclear physics. For the development of the coincidence method and the discoveries made with it, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1954 .
• Bruno Boxler : mechanical engineer, 1938 drip-free can pouring spout; 1953 Schneckenpflug (together with Martin Kühnle)
• Hennig Brand : pharmacist, discoverer of the element phosphorus , 1669
• Karlheinz Brandenburg : Electrical engineer, developed the MP3 file format for audio data compression. He is also known for his fundamental work in the field of audio coding, perception measurement, wave field synthesis and psychoacoustics.
• Karl Ferdinand Braun : physicist, electrical engineer and Nobel Prize winner , a. a. Inventor of the cathode ray tube, the Braun tube.

Wernher von Braun (right) together with Walt Disney (left).

• Wernher von Braun : rocket engineer, pioneer and visionary of space travel, father of rocket science
• Korbinian Brodmann : discoverer of the Brodmann area
• Walter Bruch : inventor of the PAL color television system
• Wilhelm Bruhn : inventor of the taximeter , 1891
• Eduard Buchner (Nobel Prize) - Discovery of cell-free fermentation
• Ernst Büchner : inventor of the Büchner bottle and the Büchner funnel .
• Carl Friedrich Bückling : inventor of the first German steam engine.
• Robert Bunsen : Chemist, developed together with Gustav Robert Kirchhoff the spectral analysis , with the help of which chemical elements can be detected in a highly specific way; he perfected the Bunsen burner named after him , invented the Bunsen element and the Bunsen photometer ; together with Kirchhoff he discovered the elements cesium and rubidium .
• Christian Friedrich Ludwig Buschmann , pioneer in the development of the harmonica
• Adolf Busemann : Engineer, arrow , 1935
• Adolf Butenandt : (Nobel Prize) work on sex hormones, sex hormone estrogens

C.

Georg Cantor .

Carl von Clausewitz .

• Georg Cantor : mathematician and scientist. Cantor made important contributions to modern mathematics. In particular, he is the founder of set theory.
• Ernst Boris Chain : (Nobel Prize) Penicillin (together with Alexander Fleming )
• Rudolf Clausius : physicist, discoverer of the second law of thermodynamics
• Claus-Frenz Claussen : Auto-Cyberno-Mobil , 2007.
• Justus Claproth : lawyer and inventor of recycled paper.
• Heinrich Clobes : Engineer, invented the first mechanical street sweeper, patented 1909.
• Manfred Curry : Curry clip ( sailing )

D.

Gottlieb Daimler

• Gottlieb Daimler : engineer, designer and industrialist. Daimler developed the first high-speed gasoline engine and the first four-wheeled motor vehicle with a combustion engine.
• Hans Georg Dehmelt : Physicist, Nobel Prize "for the development of the ion cage technology" (together with Wolfgang Paul , 1989)
• Max Delbrück : German-American geneticist, biophysicist and Nobel Prize winner ; Father of modern genetics
• Johann Christoph Denner : Baroque instrument maker, who was the first to introduce woodwind instruments of the newer type (including oboe and recorder) in German-speaking countries and is considered the inventor of the clarinet.
• Jürgen Dethloff : inventor of the chip card in 1968 (with Helmut Gröttrup )
• Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach : Physician and surgeon, pioneer of transplantation and plastic surgery
• Ernst Dickmanns : pioneer of dynamic machine vision and autonomous vehicles
• Philip Diehl : Engineer, co-inventor of the ceiling fan
• Otto Diels : (Nobel Prize): Diels-Alder reaction
• Rudolf Diesel : Engineer and the inventor of the diesel engine
• Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner : platinum lighter , 1826
• Gerhard Domagk : (Nobel Prize) antibacterial effect of the sulfonamide dye Prontosil , 1935
• Christian Doppler : German-Austrian mathematician and physicist, known for the Doppler effect that he theoretically predicted and named after him
• Friedrich Ernst Dorn : chemist, discovery of the chemical element radon , 1900
• Walter Dornberger : Major General of the German Wehrmacht and responsible in the Heereswaffenamt for the entire German missile weapons program, co-inventor of the V-2 missile
• Karl Drais : forestry teacher and important inventor in Goethe's time, a. a. Bicycle and typewriter, 1821
• Johann Nikolaus von Dreyse : Construction of the first practical rifle based on the breech-loading principle, 1836
• Emil Heinrich Du Bois-Reymond : founder of experimental electrophysiology , nervous system

E.

• Paul Ehrlich : Doctor and Nobel Prize Winner ; made it possible to diagnose numerous blood diseases, was the first to develop a drug treatment for syphilis and thus founded chemotherapy
• Manfred Eigen : (Nobel Prize) - Recognition of his work on measuring the speed of fast chemical reactions.
• Alfred Einhorn : chemist, Einhorn-Brunner reaction , synthesis of procaine (brand name novocaine), discovery of polycarbonates

Albert Einstein , 1921

• Albert Einstein : Nobel Prize Winner (1921); theoretical physicist. His research on the structure of space and time as well as the nature of gravity significantly changed the physical worldview.
• Ludwig Elsbett : inventor of the Elsbett engine
• Joseph Benedict Engl (Jo Engl): Optical sound method (sound film) 1919 (together with Vogt, Massolle)
• Hugo Erdmann : chemist; Thiophen synthesis ( Volhard-Erdmann cyclization )
• Hugo Erfurt : inventor of the woodchip wallpaper
• Emil Erlenmeyer : chemist; Inventor of the Erlenmeyer flask
• Gerhard Ertl : chemist, Nobel laureate for chemistry "for studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces"
• Karl Exter : Railway engineer and developer of the external brake and briquetting press

F.

• Otto Feick : inventor of the gym wheel
• Wilhelm Emil Fein : inventor of the first hand-held electric drill (there was a stationary one six years earlier)
• Adolf Gaston Eugen Fick : Inventor of the first successful model of a contact lens
• Richard Fiedler (engineer) : inventor of the modern flamethrower
• Willy A. Fiedler : first military cruise missile , Fieseler Fi 103 (together with Fritz Gosslau and Robert Lusser )
• Artur Fischer : inventor of the fishing anchor
• Ernst Otto Fischer : chemist, Nobel laureate in chemistry for pioneering work on the chemistry of the so-called organometallic sandwich compounds
• Franz Fischer : In 1925 he developed the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis for the artificial production of fuels (together with Hans Tropsch ).
• Gerhard Fischer : German-American inventor of a metal detector
• Emil Fischer : inventor in the field of chemistry
• Hans Fischer : Chemist, Nobel Prize for knowledge "on the structural structure of blood and plant pigments and for the synthesis of heme"
• Rudolph Fittig : discovered a process for converting halobenzenes to alkylbenzenes. He synthesized the methacrylic acid and of acetone , the pinacol , he clarified the structure of benzoquinone on.
• Werner Flechsig : Image generation in a color picture tube
• Anton Flettner : Flettner oars
• Andreas Flocken : first four-wheeled electric car
• Henrich Focke : aircraft designer and helicopter pioneer
• Werner Forßmann : pioneer of cardiac catheter examination
• James Franck : Physicist, (Nobel Prize)

Joseph from Fraunhofer

• Joseph von Fraunhofer : optician and physicist, Fraunhofer line ; at the beginning of the 19th century he founded scientific telescope construction. One type of lens, the Fraunhofer lens, was named after him.
• Thank God Frege : was the first to develop a formal language and, related to it, formal evidence .
• Nikolaus Friedreich : discovered a. a. the Friedreich-Auerbach disease (together with Leopold Auerbach )
• Adolf Froelich : Germany / Poland - twin propellers
• Julius Fromm : modern rubber condom without annoying seams
• Klaus Fuchs : Theoretical Physicist; he was significantly involved in the development of the plutonium bomb "Fat Man", was also involved in the development of power reactors, u. a. Fast breeders.
• Johann Nepomuk von Fuchs : Manufacture of water glass , named by him.
• Johann Carl Fuhlrott : Assignment of the skeletal remains found in the Neandertal near Düsseldorf - today scientifically referred to as Neandertal 1 - to a prehistoric man, 1856

G

Carl Friedrich Gauss

Brothers Grimm

• Franz Xaver Gabelsberger : He was the inventor of the shorthand system named after him, a forerunner of the German standard shorthand used today.
• Johann Galle : discoverer of the planet Neptune
• Hermann Ganswindt : inventor and rocket pioneer whose apparatus (steerable airship, helicopter, explosion engine) was ahead of its time.
• Johann Carl Friedrich Gauß : mathematician, astronomer, geodesist and physicist; Gaussian plane of numbers ; Gaussian curvature ; Gaussian elimination method ; More than 50 methods or ideas developed by Gauß bear his name.
• Hans Geiger : Physicist and co-inventor of the "Geiger counter" named after him for measuring ionizing radiation.
• Philipp Lorenz Geiger : is considered to be the discoverer of coniins (1831) and, together with Ludwig Hesse, co-discoverer of atropine , colchicine , hyoscyamine and aconitine
• Heinrich Geißler : Physicist and inventor of the Geißler tube, a glass low-pressure gas discharge tube.
• Reinhard Genzel : Proof that there is a supermassive black hole of around 4.3 million solar masses in the center of the Milky Way (independent astronomers working with Andrea Ghez at the Keck Observatory )
• Walther Gerlach : Stern-Gerlach effect
• Edmund Germer : Co-inventor of the neon lamp , 1926
• Max Giese : inventor of the concrete pump , 1928
• Kurt Gödel : German-Austrian mathematician and one of the most important logicians of the 20th century
• Maria Goeppert-Mayer : co-inventor of the shell model of the atomic nucleus (jointly with Jensen)
• Adolf Goetzberger Invention and patenting of the fluorescence collector
• Eugen Goldstein : Discovery of the canal rays
• Peter Carl Goldmark : German-Hungarian engineer who demonstrated the first successful color television. At Columbia Records he worked on the long-playing record. 1945-48 he developed the filler-free compound (made of PVC and PV acetate), which reduced the noise of the plates and the speed could be reduced from 78 to 33 ¹ ⁄ ₃ / min. In 1948 he invented the long-playing record made of plastic, which soon replaced the shellac records.
• Hans Goldschmidt : chemist, inventor of the termite process
• Fritz Gosslau : first military cruise missile , Fieseler Fi 103 (together with Robert Lusser and Willy A. Fiedler )
• Ernst Graefenberg : inventor of the Graefenberg-Ring , discovery of the Graefenberg-Zone ("G-Punkt")
• Carl Graebe : Chemist, together with Carl Liebermann he determined the structure of alizarin in 1868 and in 1869 reports the production of alizarin from anthracene ( synthesis of the red dye that was previously obtained from madder madder)
• Konrad Grebe : inventor of the coal plane
• Heinrich Greinacher : developer of the magnetron and the Greinacher circuit
• Brothers Grimm : linguist and collector of fairy tales Grimm's fairy tales ; Together with Karl Lachmann and Georg Friedrich Benecke, they are considered to be the "founding fathers" of German philology and German studies.
• Helmut Gröttrup : Co-developer of the chip card (jointly with Jürgen Dethloff )
• Hans Grohe : developer of the automatic waste and overflow fittings (1934) and the shower rail (1953)
• Georg Friedrich Grotefend : deciphering the cuneiform script
• Peter Grünberg : Discoverer of the GMR effect
• Heinz Guderian : father of mechanical warfare, inventor of the Blitzkrieg strategy

Otto von Guericke .

• Otto von Guericke : politician, lawyer, scientist, physicist, inventor and mayor; u. a. he invented the vacuum pump
• Beno Gutenberg : Co-developer of the Gutenberg-Richter scale , mostly referred to as the Richter scale .
• Johannes Gutenberg : inventor of letterpress printing with movable metal type (mobile letter printing) and the printing press . In 1997, Gutenberg's book printing was selected by the US magazine Time-Life as the most important invention of the second millennium, and in 1999 the American A&E Network named the Mainz “Man of the Millennium”. In England, of all places, the German Gutenberg was voted the most important inventor of the millennium.

H

• Fritz Haber : chemist; 1919 received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1918 "for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements"
• Theodor Hänsch : pioneer of laser spectroscopy , Nobel Prize 2005
• Gotthilf Hagen : engineer, law of Hagen-Poiseuille
• Gunther von Hagens : Plastination

Otto Hahn , 1938

• Otto Hahn : father of nuclear chemistry; Pioneer of radiochemistry, discoverer of numerous isotopes - today nuclides - (1905–1921), protactinium (1917), nuclear isomerism - uranium Z (1921) and nuclear fission of uranium (1938), for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1944.
• Wilhelm Hallwachs : physicist, Hallwax effect
• Helmut Hasse : mathematician, Hasse diagram , Hasse-Arf theory
• Harald zur Hausen : Physician, Nobel Prize for Human Papillomaviruses as Causes of Cervical Cancer
• Walter Heerdt : chemist, inventor of Zyklon B , 1922
• Oskar Heil : physicist, construction of the first field effect transistor , 1934
• Bernhard Heine : physician, osteotome
• Jakob von Heine : Physician and discoverer of spinal polio
• Johann Georg Heine : Medic, pressure bandage , 1811
• Werner Heisenberg : discoverer of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle , Nobel Prize winner
• Wolfgang Helfrich : Schadt-Helfrich cell
• Rudolf Hell : First fax machine ( Hellschreiber )
• Stefan Hell : Chemist, Nobel Prize Winner for Chemistry "for the development of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy"
• Richard Hellmann : Hellmanns (Blue Ribbon) -Mayonnaise, 1905.
• Hermann Hellriegel : Hellriegel discovered in 1886 the ability of legumes to absorb elemental nitrogen from the air and make it available to plants when microorganisms penetrate the roots and form nodules.
• Hermann von Helmholtz : ophthalmoscope (eye mirror) 1850, ophthalmometer 1851, telestereoscope 1857, magnetic coil
• Peter Henlein : master locksmith and inventor of the watch that can be worn on the body
• Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel (William Herschel): He discovered u. a. the planet Uranus .
• Oscar Hertwig : Zoologist, Evidence of Meiosis
• Gustav Hertz : Physicist, (Nobel Prize)

Heinrich Hertz

• Heinrich Hertz : physicist, discoverer of electromagnetic radio waves
• Hellmuth Hertz (Germany / Sweden): Echocardiography ( ultrasound )
• Johannes Hevelius : Astronomer, observed sunspots, introduced new constellations, created maps of the moon and discovered the libration of the moon. He published his investigations of the moon in 1647 in his work Selenographia.
• Wolfgang Hilberg : digitally coded time transmission for radio clocks
• David Hilbert : one of the most important mathematicians of modern times
• Wolf Hilbertz : Developer of the Biorock or Seacrete technology
• Friedhelm Hillebrand : Co-inventor of the Short Message Service ( SMS ); since 1984 he was responsible for the GSM standardization work
• Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff : geologist, actualism
• Erich Hoffmann : Discoverer of the syphilis pathogen Spirochaeta pallida (today Treponema pallidum), 1905 (together with Fritz Schaudinn ); Illuminated image method in microscopy
• Felix Hoffmann : Aspirin (Bayer), 1897.
• Fritz Hofmann : inventor of the synthetic rubber "Buna" (1909)
• Herman Hollerith : German-American entrepreneur and engineer. He is the inventor of the Hollerith punch card method named after him in data processing.
• August Wilhelm von Hofmann : Research into the aniline dyes
• Wilhelm Hofmeister : was the first to recognize the similarity of the generational change of mosses , ferns and seed plants .
• Gottlob Honold : inventor of the high-voltage magneto ignition
• Horten brothers : U. a. Hoarding ho 229
• Christian Hülsmeyer : inventor of the Telemobilskop , 1904 forerunner of the radar

Alexander von Humboldt .

• Alexander von Humboldt : natural scientist, field of activity reaching far beyond the borders of Europe. In his oeuvre, which unfolded over a period of more than seven decades, he created “a new level of knowledge and reflection on knowledge of the world” and became a co-founder of geography as an empirical science.
• Wilhelm von Humboldt : Scholar, statesman and co-founder of the University of Berlin; u. a. Founder of comparative linguistics research and science
• Erich Gustav Huzenlaub (1888–1964): chemist, process of parboiling in rice treatment

I.

• Otmar Issing : economist and former chief economist and board member of the European Central Bank (ECB); 1998 played a key role in drafting the ECB's monetary policy strategy; leading exponent of the theory of monetarism in Germany.

J

• Moritz Hermann von Jacobi : inventor of electroplating , the first practical electric motor
• Friedrich Ludwig Jahn : inventor of bars and triangle
• J. Hans D. Jensen : Co-inventor of the shell model of the atomic nucleus
• Philipp von Jolly : Jolly spring balance , 1864
• Hugo Junkers : engineer and entrepreneur; founded the Junkers & Co company in Dessau in 1895 ; Development of the first all-metal aircraft Junkers J 1 (1915–16).

K

• Anton Kathrein senior - Surge arrester, mast disconnector with built-in fuse , which protects low-voltage networks from failures caused by lightning, 1919
• August Kekulé : chemist, benzene formula and benzene ring
• Friedrich Gottlob Keller : inventor and developer of the process for paper production on an industrial scale that is still used today (1843)
• Hermann Kemper : Invention of a suspension railway with wheelless vehicles that float along iron rails by means of magnetic fields ( magnetic suspension railway )
• Donald J. Kessler : astrophysicist; Kessler syndrome .
• Wolfgang Ketterle : inventor of the atomic laser

Johannes Kepler , 1610

• Johannes Kepler : He discovered the laws of the planetary orbits around the sun.
• Erhard Kietz : pioneer and discoverer within video technology
• Klaus von Klitzing : discoverer of the quantum Hall effect
• Gustav Kirchhoff : physicist who has made a particular contribution to research into electricity; kirchhoff's radiation law
• Martin Heinrich Klaproth : As one of the most respected chemists of his time, he influenced chemical thinking in Germany. Klaproth discovered the elements uranium, zirconium, and cerium; he was able to verify the discovery of the elements titanium, tellurium (first representation) and strontium (parallel to Hope).
• Ewald Georg von Kleist : Kleistesche bottle
• Georg Knorr : engineer; Knorr brake
• Ludwig Knorr : chemist; Paal-Knorr synthesis , Knorr quinoline synthesis and Knorr pyrrole synthesis .

Robert Koch

• Robert Koch : doctor, inventor and discoverer; Nobel Prize Winner; was the first to isolate Bacillus anthracis (1877), Tuberculosis bacillus (1882) and Vibrio cholera (1883) and others. a.
• Friedrich Koenig : Schnellpresse (together with Andreas Friedrich Bauer )
• Friedrich Kohlrausch : Physicist, Kohlrausch's law of square roots , determination of the ion product of water with Heydweiller, development of the first conductometer for measuring the conductivity of electrolytes, determination of the solubility product of poorly soluble salts, determination of the change in conductivity as a function of temperature, calculation rule for determining the migration speeds of ions from the Limit conductivity in electrolysis, extended exponential function
• Franz Kolb - plasticine , 1880
• Robert Koldewey : Discoverer, architect and archaeologist: he discovered the processional street of Babylon with the Ishtar Gate , the palaces of Nebuchadnezzar and the foundations of the Tower of Babel mentioned in the Old Testament and Herodotus . The latter were partially excavated under his direction.
• Anton Köllisch : chemist, MDMA
• Alfred Körte and Gustav Körte : Rediscovery of Gordion , 1895
• Nicolaus Copernicus : u. a. Discoverer of the "Copernican worldview"
• Arthur Korn : Co-inventor of the fax, especially telephotography, known as the picture telegraph
• Albrecht Kossel : Work on proteins including the nucleins for our knowledge of the chemistry of the cell
• Otto von Kotzebue : sailor, Rurik expedition
• Raul Krauthausen : 3D printable transportable mini ramps for wheelchair users , project Wheelmap.org
• Wolfgang Krätschmer : Process for the synthesis of fullerenes
• Max Kramer : remote controlled drop bombs Fritz X and Ruhrstahl X-4
• Hans Adolf Krebs : Discovery of the citric acid cycle
• Wilhelm Krische : Kunststoff Galalith , 1897 (together with Adolf Spitteler )
• Julius Kröhl : engineer and inventor; built the first working submarine
• Herbert Kroemer : (Nobel Prize), physicist
• Werner Krüger : developer of the Kruger flap
• Alfred Krupp : pioneer of metal processing
• Gerhard Küntscher : developer of intramedullary nailing
• Heinz Kunert : inventor of the heated rear window

L.

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, around 1700

Otto Lilienthal

• Albert Ladenburg : chemist, determined the constitution of atropine in 1879 and synthesized racemic coniine in 1886, which was the first total synthesis of an alkaloid and therefore went down in history under the name Ladenburg synthesis; Synthesis of piperidine (1884) and piperazine (1888).
• Ernst Laqueur : Medic, isolation of testosterone , 1935, discovery of the female hormone estrogen (1925/26)
• Eugen Langen : entrepreneur, engineer and inventor. Langen was significantly involved in the development of the gasoline engine and the "suspension railway", which was first implemented in the form of the Wuppertal suspension railway.
• Johann Heinrich Lambert : Mathematician, Lambert-Beer law , Lambert's cosine law , Lambert's W function
• Paul Langerhans : Discoverer of the Langerhans Islands and Langerhans cells
• Georg Lankensperger : stub axle steering
• Max von Laue : physicist and Nobel Prize winner; In 1912, together with Walter Friedrich and Paul Knipping, he discovered the diffraction of X-rays on crystals. This proved that X-rays spread like a wave.
• Ernst Lecher : physicist; Founder of measurement technology in the high frequency range Lecher line ( Lecher line )
• Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz : philosopher; Calculus (1684)
• Ludwig Leichhardt , explorer, zoologist, botanist and geologist in Australia
• Emil Lenz : physicist, Lenz rule
• Emil Lerp : entrepreneur, portable petrol chainsaw
• Georg Christoph Lichtenberg : Scientist; Influence machine
• Johann Nathanael Lieberkühn : Medic, Lieberkühn crypts
• Carl Liebermann : Chemist, together with Carl Graebe he determined the structure of alizarin in 1868 and in 1869 reported the production of alizarin from anthracene ( synthesis of the red dye that was previously obtained from madder)
• Justus von Liebig : One of the most famous chemists of his century and the founder of organic chemistry, agricultural chemistry and nutritional physiology.
• Otto Liebknecht : Among other things, he developed a successful process for the production of the bleaching agent sodium perborate
• Otto Lilienthal : father of aviation; first successful flight of a human
• Carl von Linde : Engineer, inventor of the Linde process and founder of what is now an international group, Linde AG; invented the first refrigerator
• Walter Linderer : inventor of the airbag
• Fritz Albert Lipmann : Discovery of the coenzyme A

Hans Lipperhey

• Hans Lipperhey , German-Dutch eyewear maker (* around 1570 )
• Alexander Lippisch : pioneer of aerodynamics; Messerschmitt Me 163
• Ernst Litfaß : inventor of the advertising column
• Friedrich Loeffler : founder of virology; he described the pathogen causing foot and mouth disease (with Paul Frosch ); discovered the causative agents of various infectious diseases, for example snot, diphtheria (together with Edwin Klebs in 1884 the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae ) and rotlauf.
• Otto Loewi : discovery of the first neurotransmitter ; Discoveries in the chemical transmission of nerve impulses
• Carl Ludwig : Kymograph for measuring blood pressure; Electricity clock , 1868
• Robert Lusser : first military cruise missile , Fieseler Fi 103 (together with Fritz Gosslau and Willy A. Fiedler )
• Feodor Lynen : Discoveries about the mechanism and regulation of the metabolism of cholesterol and fatty acids

M.

• Ernst Mach : physicist, philosopher and science theorist; Today it is best known for the Mach number named after it, which describes the speed in relation to the speed of sound; Mach number
• Georg Hans Madelung : engineer, professor and aircraft builder; Expert for all areas of work at the Graf Zeppelin Research Station. He also worked for Wernher von Braun's rocket program. Madelung dealt with the construction of bombs, torpedo stabilization, underwater detonations, the construction of aircraft catapults and parachutes for decelerating aircraft and recovering missiles. The latter developments were also widely used in space travel.
• Heinrich Gustav Magnus : Physicist, he discovered a platinum salt (Magnus salt), set up the Magnus formula and provided the physical explanation of a phenomenon that has since been associated with his name ( Magnus effect ).
• Bernhard Markwitz : inventor who, after his daughter Annette almost drowned, developed a new type of swimming aid for children, the "water wings", and made it a worldwide bestseller with his company "BEMA".
• Peter-Paul Mauser : weapon designer, M71, M71 / 84 (the first Reich German military repeating rifle) and the Mauser System 98
• Joseph Massolle : sound engineer, optical sound system (together with Joseph Benedict Engl, Hans Vogt)
• Wilhelm Mauser : gun designer, Mauser rifle model 71
• Wilhelm Maybach : Car designer and entrepreneur, as technical director of the Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft, he played a major role in automotive development; invented u. a. the honeycomb cooler, the gear transmission and the carburetor with float chamber (spray nozzle carburetor)
• Ottomar von Mayenburg : inventor of “Chlorodont”, the first commercially available toothpaste
• Robert Mayer : Doctor, one of the first to formulate the First Law of Thermodynamics
• Georg Meisenbach : inventor of the autotype
• Georg Meissner discovered the submucosal plexus and, together with Rudolf Wagner, the Meissner body
• Lise Meitner : together with Otto Frisch, provided the first physical-theoretical explanation of nuclear fission, which her colleague Otto Hahn and his assistant Fritz Straßmann had discovered and verified using radiochemical methods.
• Gregor Mendel : Inventions in the field of genetics
• Gerhard Mercator : cartographer, Mercator projection
• Ottmar Mergenthaler : inventor; Linotype (line typesetting and casting machine)
• Maria Sibylla Merian : natural scientist, pioneer of entomology
• Friedrich Merkel : discoverer of the Merkel cell
• Hermann von Meyer : in 1837 he described and named Plateosaurus , a sauropodomorphic dinosaur and, after finding a fossil pen in the lithograph slate from Solnhofen (Bavaria), in 1861 Archeopteryx , the bird's oldest known closest relative to this day.
• Victor Meyer : Chemist, Victor Meyer method , Victor Meyer apparatus
• Otto Fritz Meyerhof : Research on the metabolism in muscles
• Ludwig Meyn (1820–1878): geologist, pioneer of oil production , 1856
• Gustav Mie : Physicist - Mie scattering, Mie potential, Miesches system of units, Mie theory, Mie equation of state, world function
• Hartwig Michels , inventor of air cushion transporters and entrepreneur
• Rudolf Mößbauer : Discoverer of the Mößbauer effect

Hugo von Mohl , 1858

• Hugo von Mohl : discoverer of mitosis
• Friedrich Mohs : Mineralogist, developer of the Mohs hardness scale
• Johannes Peter Müller : Inventions in the field of physiology
• Richard Müller : Müller-Rochow synthesis (also Eugene G. Rochow)
• Willy Müller : In 1938 he invented an automatic answering machine called a telephonograph.

N

• Gustav Nachtigal : Africa explorer
• Emil Nacke : Working principle of the inner shoe brake
• Walther Nernst : Nobel Prize Winner ; Inventor of the Nernst lamp
• Karl Ludwig Nessler : inventor of the perm
• Arthur Nicolaier : doctor, discoverer of the bacterium Clostridium tetani
• Albert Niemann : first isolation from cocaine
• Paul Nipkow : inventor of the Nipkow disk
• Walter Noddack : chemist, discovery of the chemical element rhenium , (together with Ida Noddack and Otto Berg ), 1925
• Emmy Noether : she revolutionized the theory of rings, solids and algebras. The Noether theorem named after her indicates the connection between symmetries of physical laws of nature and conserved quantities.

O

Hermann Oberth

• Hermann Oberth : Pioneer of rocket science, he is considered to be one of the founders of scientific rocket technology and astronautics as well as a prophetic initiator of space travel and space medicine, see Oberth effect ; in the science fiction series Star Trek there are spaceships of the Oberth class
• August Oetker : Entrepreneur, founder of the food company “Dr. August Oetker ”(1891) and inventor of a baking powder , which he successfully sold as a branded product.
• Hans Joachim Pabst von Ohain : inventor of the modern jet drive (1933), patent 1936. Frank Whittle had developed a similar concept as early as 1928/1929 independently of this.

Georg Simon Ohm .

• Georg Simon Ohm : Ohm's law (current, resistance, voltage)
• Fritz von Opel : Rocket Car (together with Max Valier and Friedrich Wilhelm Sander )
• Wilhelm Ostwald : Numerous inventions a. a. in the field of chemistry
• Nikolaus August Otto : Otto engine

P

• Wolfgang Paul : Together with H. Steinwedel, he developed the quadrupole mass filter (Paul’s mass filter) for mass spectrometric measurements. The Paul trap, an ion trap he developed , is named after him.
• Käthe Paulus : professional air skipper, aerial acrobat and inventor of the collapsible parachute
• Hans von Pechmann : chemist who discovered diazomethane in 1894 and polyethylene in 1898 . The Pechmann reaction is named after him.
• Arno Penzias : Astronomer, discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation , received the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physics together with Robert Woodrow Wilson .
• Julius Richard Petri : inventor of the petri dish for the chemical laboratory.
• Emil Pfeiffer : Description of the Pfeiffer glandular fever
• Fritz Pfleumer : engineer and inventor of the tape .

Max Planck , around 1930

• Max Planck : inventor of quantum theory and one of the most important scientists in human history
• Robert Wichard Pohl : In 1938 Pohl constructed one of the first functioning semiconductor amplifiers together with Rudolf Hilsch ; Pohl did essentials for imparting basic physical knowledge and for the invention of physical demonstration experiments. Many of his devices are used today in physics internships and lectures. One of his best-known devices is probably the Pohl wheel named after him, a rotary pendulum with electrically variable eddy current damping.
• Ludwig Prandtl : He made significant contributions to the fundamental understanding of fluid mechanics and developed the boundary layer theory . The Prandtl number goes back to him .

Q

• Georg Hermann Quincke : Quincke's interference tube , 1866

R.

Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

• Adolf Rambold : inventor of the modern tea bag with two-chamber system (1929), tea bag packing machine
• Gustav Raupenstrauch : (Germany / Austria) inventor of the disinfectant Lysol
• Karl Rehn : chemist, discoverer of polypropylene (also independently Giulio Natta)
• Ferdinand Reich : chemist, co-discoverer of the chemical element indium (together with Theodor Richter ), 1863
• Fritz Reiche : physicist and researcher of quantum theory; from 1915 to 1918 he was an assistant at Max Planck, succeeding Lise Meitner ; in the USA he taught theoretical physics, wave mechanics and thermodynamics.
• Karl von Reichenbach : Paraffin 1830, Creosote 1832
• Johann Philipp Reis : inventor of the first telephone (1861); The term telephone also comes from Reis
• Robert Remak : Doctor, Cell Division , 1852; In 1842 he described the three cotyledons ectoderm , mesoderm and endoderm
• Walter Reppe : chemist, Reppe synthesis
• Ralf Reski : Professor of Plant Biotechnology; With over 140 scientific publications, he has played a key role in ensuring that mosses are recognized worldwide as model organisms in biological research; Moss bioreactor (1998)
• Theodor Richter : chemist, co-discoverer of the chemical element indium (together with Ferdinand Reich ), 1863
• Sigmund Riefler : physicist, Riefler pendulum
• Bernhard Riemann : Mathematician who pioneered many areas of analysis, differential geometry, mathematical physics and analytical number theory.
• Adam Ries : is generally regarded as the "father of modern arithmetic". With his works, he made a decisive contribution to the fact that the Roman numerical representation was recognized as unwieldy in practice and was largely replaced by the Indian-Arabic numerals structured according to the place value system.
• Johann Wilhelm Ritter : discoverer of ultraviolet radiation
• Otto Röhm : Polymethyl methacrylate (Plexiglas)
• Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen : physicist; discovered the X-rays named after him on November 8, 1895 in the Physics Institute of the University of Würzburg ; 1901 was the first to receive a Nobel Prize for Physics for this. His discovery revolutionized medical diagnostics, among other things, and led to other important findings of the 20th century, e.g. B. the discovery and research of radioactivity.
• Arthur Rudolph : rocket engineer
• Heinrich Daniel Rühmkorff (Germany / France): Spark inductor (induction apparatus) 1855
• Fried Ferdinand Runge : he isolated, characterized and named substances from the coal tar, the most important of which Kyanol ( aniline ), pyrrole , Leukol ( quinoline ), carbolic acid ( phenol ) and rosolic ( Aurin ).
• Ernst Ruska : electrical engineer and inventor of the electron microscope

S.

• Ernst Sachs (engineer) : electric soldering iron
• Hans Sauer : 309 patents worldwide in the design of the relay '
• Fritz Schaudinn : Discoverer of the syphilis pathogen Spirochaeta pallida (today Treponema pallidum), 1905 (together with Erich Hoffmann )
• Adolf Scheibe : He invented a. a. the PTR quartz watch (1930) together with Udo Adelsberger .

Carl Wilhelm Scheele .

• Carl Wilhelm Scheele : Discoverer of several elements ( barium , chlorine , fluorine , manganese , molybdenum , tungsten , phosphorus , especially oxygen and nitrogen )
• Arthur Scherbius : Enigma - cipher machine
• Wilhelm Schickard : adding machine
• Paul Ludwig Schilling von Cannstatt : pioneer of electrical engineering
• Paul Schlack : inventor of the polyamide Perlon
• Matthias Jacob Schleiden : botanist, co-founder of cell theory
• Wilhelm Schlenk : chemist, invented the apparatus of Schlenk technology (Schlenk tube Schlenk flask, Schlenk bottle)
• Heinrich Schliemann : father of field archeology; discovered u. a. the ruins of the Bronze Age Troy
• Bernhard Schmidt : Invented significant improvements in the field of telescopy
• Paul Schmidt : Argus-Schmidtrohr in V1 ; deflagration jet engine
• Klaus Schmiegel : German-American chemist - drug fluoxetine (known under the trade name Prozac )
• Hermann Schnell : Chemist - Synthesis of Polycarbonate
• Eduard Schnitzer : Africa explorer
• Christian Friedrich Schönbein : German-Swiss chemist who discovered the principle of the fuel cell (1838) and is therefore considered to be its inventor, discoverer of ozone (1839) and inventor of gun cotton (1846).
• Johann Lukas Schönlein : He discovered u. a. the ringworm or favus (Achorion Schönleinii).
• Otto Schoetensack : prehistoric man who scientifically described the lower jaw of Mauer in 1908 and named it Homo heidelbergensis .
• Otto Schott : invented borosilicate glass (Jenaer Glas) in 1887; he discovered lithium glass in 1879
• Walter Schottky : physicist and electrical engineer; According to Schottky, the Schottky effect (a glow emission, important for tube technology), the Schottky diode , the Schottky barrier (a barrier layer), the Schottky vacancies (or Schottky defects) and the Schottky equation (also Langmuir -Schottky's Space Charge Law). He carried out research on electrical noise mechanisms (shot noise), space charge, especially in electron tubes, and the barrier layer in semiconductors, which were important for the development of copper oxide rectifiers and transistors.
• Gerhard Schrader : Nervengas Tabun 1937, Nervengas Sarin 1938
• Georg Oskar Schubert : Intermediate Film Procedure , 1934
• Otto Schulze , tachograph , 1902
• Otto Schulz-Kampfhenkel : Geographer, explorer in North Brazil's Indian reservation (17-month Jary expedition), writer, filmmaker and SS sub-leader.

Werner from Siemens

• Marx Schwab : silversmith; Coin press around 1550.
• Berthold Schwarz : Black powder (controversial), around 1350s
• Hans Schwarzkopf : Pharmacist, first liquid shampoo in Germany, 1927
• Karl Schwarzschild : Astronomer, fundamental work on classical black holes. This is why some properties of black holes got its name, namely the Schwarzschild metric , the Schwarzschild-Tangherlini metric and the Schwarzschild radius . The core of a black hole is called the Schwarzschild singularity.
• Theodor Schwann : In 1836 he discovered the digestive enzyme pepsin. In 1839, together with Matthias Schleiden, the cell theory for plants and animals
• Hans Seehase : developed folding wings for airplanes (1918) and is considered the inventor of the hang glider (1923).
• Werner Sell : (Georg Robert Werner Sell) invented a. a. the fitted kitchen, the aircraft kitchen and the prefabricated house
• Alois Senefelder : lithograph in 1796
• Friedrich Sertürner : He isolated morphine for the first time in 1804 in Paderborn, the correct empirical formula was only determined in 1848 by Auguste Laurent .
• Henry Siedentopf , physicist, ultramicroscope (together with Richard Zsigmondy), Nobel Prize 1925
• Werner von Siemens : In 1842 he succeeded in providing a teaspoon made of nickel silver with a coating of either silver or gold with the help of the direct current from batteries. He got a patent for this process, which he sold to a jeweler. At the end of 1846 he developed the electric pointer telegraph with self-interruption. The following year, he invented a process to provide wires with a seamless coating of gutta-percha. In 1857 Siemens developed the ozone tube, and in 1857 he also formulated the countercurrent principle. In 1866, 15 years after the Dane Søren Hjorth and five years after the Hungarian Ányos Jedlik, he was the third person to discover the dynamo-electric principle and built a dynamo machine. Werner Siemens, however, was the first to predict that self-excitation would be of great importance for the generation of electrical energy.
• Eduard Simon : Polystyrene
• Max Skladanowsky : Bioscope
• Samuel Thomas von Soemmerring (1755–1830), Germany - Electrochemical Telegraph 1809
• Friedrich Soennecken : round writing nib for fountain pens around 1860, letter folder 1886, hole punch 1886
• Hans Spemann : (Nobel Prize) - for the discovery of the organizer effect in the embryonic stage of development
• Jürgen Spinnrad : wing spinning wheel , 1530
• Johann Sebastian Staedtler : inventor of the colored pencil (colored pencil) on the basis of oil pastel, 1834
• Johannes Stark : Discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the decomposition of the spectral lines in the electric field ( Stark effect ) (Nobel Prize)
• Hermann Staudinger : founded macromolecular chemistry ( polymer chemistry , chemistry of macromolecules ). He made important contributions to the structural elucidation of the macromolecules cellulose , starch , rubber and polystyrene . He discovered the ketenes .
• Max Steenbeck : Physicist, pioneer of gas discharge physics and constructed the first functioning betatron in 1935
• Richard Steiff : inventor of the teddy bear (next to Morris Michtom)
• Hans Jacob Steinberger : physicist, basic research on neutrinos ; Co-discoverer of the muon neutrino
• Carl August von Steinheil : Photo camera (Steinheil procedure) 1839 (with Kobell), Steinheil script
• Georg Wilhelm Steller : Discovered Alaska (1741); Alaskan natural history pioneer
• Otto Stern : Nobel Prize Winner; Stern-Gerlach experiment with Walther Gerlach in 1922
• Horst Ludwig Störmer : Physicist, quantum Hall effect "for their discovery of a new type of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations" (Nobel Prize for Physics) (together with Robert Betts Laughlin and Daniel Chee Tsui)
• Fritz Straßmann : Nuclear fission (jointly with Otto Hahn)
• Levi Strauss : German-American , industrialist and the inventor of jeans.
• Friedrich Stromeyer : chemist, discovered the element cadmium
• Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve : astronomer and geodesist who worked in the Baltic States and Russia. He published u. a. significant work on binary stars and carried out extensive geodetic surveys.
• Paul Sudeck : Surgeon, dealt with changes in bone structure, callus formation in bone fractures and pseudoarthroses. The reflex or algodystrophy he described in 1900 bears his name as Sudeck's disease .
• Thomas Südhof : biochemist, Nobel Prize, causes of neuronal diseases

T

• Oskar Troplowitz : invents the leukoplast , medical adhesive tape and the Labello
• Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus : natural scientist (alchemist, didactic, mathematician, mineralogist, philosopher, physicist, technician, volcanologist); u. a. alongside Johann Friedrich Böttger, the inventor of European porcelain; Development of the burning mirror (1679–1687).
• Louis Tuchscherer : inventor and mechanical engineer; u. a. Grist mill and a log splitter.

U

• Diedrich Uhlhorn : engineer, mechanic and inventor; first mechanical tachometer (1817), between 1817 and 1830 inventor of the "Presse Monétaire" (Uhlhorn press)
• Richard Ulbricht : inventor of the integrating sphere
• Anton Ullrich (1825–1895), folding rule (folding rule) 1851 (1865?)
• Johann Friedrich Unger : Invention of notation
• Paul Gerson Unna (1850–1929): doctor and dermatologist; was the first to describe the stratum granulosum , Unna's disease ( seborrheic eczema )

V

Rudolf Virchow

• Abraham father : physician, among other things discovery of the papilla duodeni major
• Richard Vetter : Fully condensing boiler ("Vetter oven"), before 1986
• Rudolf Virchow : father of modern pathology; numerous inventions in the field of human medicine
• Jean Pierre Vité : Pheromone attractant trap , from 1973
• Hans Vogt : Invented the sound film (idea 1905) together with Joseph Benedict Engl and Joseph Massolle; first sound film for the public on September 17, 1922 in the Alhambra film theater , Berlin, Germany
• Woldemar Voigt : Voigt profile; Voigt notation
• Woldemar Voigt (engineer) : developer and designer at Messerschmitt ; Pioneer of the Me 163 and Me 264 ; Project leader at Me P. 1101 , Me P. 1106, Me P. 1110, Me P. 1111, Me P. 1112 and Me P. 1116.
• Jacob Volhard : chemist; together with Hugo Erdmann thiophene synthesis (Volhard-Erdmann cyclization) , 1885; numerous discoveries in the field of chemistry
• Joseph Vollmer (1871–1955), Germany - first truck in the world (a "through" truck as a forward control truck with two trailers), 1903

W.

Wilhelm Eduard Weber, 1856

Gustav Whitehead

• Johann Philipp Wagner : Wagner hammer
• Paul Walden : discoverer of the Walden reversal
• Otto Wallach : Discoverer of several reactions to build heterocyclic compounds and of dyes. Wallach did fundamental work in terpene chemistry for the structure elucidation and the synthesis of this class of substances.
• Hellmuth Walter : inventor and submarine developer; Gas turbine as a drive for submarines (Walter drive). Walter also developed rocket drives (e.g. for the Messerschmitt Me 163 and the Heinkel He 176), start-up rockets and torpedo drives.
• Felix Wankel : Mechanical engineer and inventor of the Wankel engine named after him
• Otto Warburg : Nobel Prize for the discovery of nature and the function of the respiratory ferment
• Max Weber : sociologist, lawyer, national and social economist; He is considered one of the classics of sociology as well as of the entire cultural and social sciences. Founder of the sociology of domination and, alongside Émile Durkheim, founder of the sociology of religion. Along with Karl Marx and Georg Simmel, he is also one of the most important classics of economic sociology.
• Alfred Wegener : meteorologist, polar and geoscientist; his most important contribution to science is his theory of continental drift, which was only recognized posthumously and which has become an essential basis for today's model of plate tectonics. During his lifetime, Wegener was best known for his services in meteorology and as a pioneer of polar research.
• Wilhelm Eduard Weber : Physicist. The SI unit "Weber" (abbreviated Wb) of the magnetic flux is named after him. Together with Carl Friedrich Gauß (1833) constructed the first electromagnetic telegraph
• Karl Weierstraß : mathematician, logically founded analysis of analysis , various analysis theorems
• Wilhelm Weinberg : biologist, co-developer of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
• Adolf Ferdinand Weinhold : chemist, vacuum jug
• August Weismann : biologist, founder of neo-Darwinism
• Carl Wernicke : Discoverer of the Wernicke center in the brain
• Gottlob Widmann : modern filter coffee machine, the Wigomat
• Wilhelm Wien : Discoveries regarding the laws of thermal radiation, Wien's law of displacement (Nobel Prize)
• Johan Carl Wilcke : Discovery of the dielectric polarization
• Richard Willstätter (Nobel Prize): for his studies of the dyes in the plant kingdom, especially of chlorophyll
• Hugo Winckler : Discoverer of the Hittite capital Hattuša
• Adolf Windaus : Chemist, Nobel Prize Winner for Chemistry "for his services to research into the structure of sterols and their connection with vitamins"
• Clemens Alexander Winkler : chemist; Discoverer of the chemical element germanium (1886)
• Dietrich Nikolaus Winkel : among other things, he invented a forerunner of the metronome and the componentium , an automaton modeled on the panharmonic
• Zachäus Andreas Winzler , gas stove , 1802
• Johann Georg Wirsung : Discoverer of the Wirsung duct of the pancreas
• Georg Wittig : chemist, Wittig reaction , Nobel Prize winner
• August Wöhler : Engineer; researched the materials steel and iron. The Wöhler curve named after him represents the relationship between the number of cycles at break and the deflection stress for a material under vibration load.
• Friedrich Wöhler : chemist; Wöhler is considered a pioneer of organic chemistry because of his synthesis of oxalic acid by hydrolysis of dicyan (1824) and of urea from ammonium cyanate in 1828.
• Heinrich Wöhlk : contact lenses from plexiglass
• Alois Wolfmüller : pioneer of motorcycle construction
• Wilhelm Wundt : is considered the founder of psychology as an independent science and a co-founder of ethnic psychology (cultural psychology)

Z

Konrad Zuse (1992)

• Engelbert Zaschka (1895–1955): helicopter pioneer, folding car, muscle power aircraft
• Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin (1838–1917): inventor of the first dirigible airship
• Karl Ziegler : (Nobel Prize) - Ziegler-Natta method
• Karl Günther Zimmer : biophysicist from Breslau; Pioneer of radiation biology; Effectiveness of X-rays and fast neutrons with regard to the generation of chromosome mutations ( DNA )
• Theodor Zincke : Chemist, Zincke reaction , Zincke-Suhl reaction and Zincke nitration
• Karl Friedrich Zöllner : astronomer, astrophotometer , the so-called Zöllner photometer.
• Konrad Zuse : inventor of the world's first fully functional computer

literature

• Christa Lung: German Inventions. (Eckartschrift 197). Österreichische Landsmannschaft, Vienna 2009, ISBN 978-3-902350-34-3
• Willy Andreas / Wilhelm von Scholz (ed.): The great Germans. New German biography. Four volumes, Propylaen-Verlag, Berlin 1936
• Hermann Heimpel / Theodor Heuss / Benno Reifenberg (eds.): The great Germans. German biography. Five volumes, Prisma Verlag, Gütersloh 1978 [Reprint of the revised edition from 1966 of the 1956 reissued work of the same name by Willy Andreas / Wilhelm von Scholz from 1936 - selection of personalities, etc. BRD-correct ]
• Heimpel, Heuss, Reifenberg: Genius of the Germans. The great researchers / inventors / doctors. Propylaea Berlin undated, Berlin / Darmstadt / Vienna 1966

See also

• Category: inventor
• List of inventors
• Category: Explorer
• List of explorers

Web links

• German inventors - "Made in Germany"
• German ideas: 50 inventions that changed the world
• Made in Germany
• German Inventions - Discoveries
• A Sampling of German Inventors and Inventions

Individual evidence

1. ^ German patent
2. ↑ BBC press article