Essen Central Station
Essen Central Station | |
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Essen main station, looking west
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Data | |
Location in the network | Separation station |
Platform tracks | 13 |
abbreviation | EE |
IBNR | 8000098 |
Price range | 1 |
opening | March 1, 1862 |
Profile on Bahnhof.de | Essen_Hbf |
Architectural data | |
Architectural style | Pre-war building: Renaissance style with Gothic elements Post-war building: New objectivity |
architect | Pre-war construction: Fritz Klingholz Post-war construction: Kurt Rasenack, Bernd Figge |
location | |
City / municipality | eat |
country | North Rhine-Westphalia |
Country | Germany |
Coordinates | 51 ° 27 '5 " N , 7 ° 0' 50" E |
Height ( SO ) | 91.3 m |
Railway lines | |
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Railway stations in North Rhine-Westphalia |
The Essen main train station is the most important train station in the city of Essen and is one of the 21 train stations in the highest price class of DB Station & Service . It is the system stop for long-distance , regional and S-Bahn traffic . It is also the central transport hub for local public transport within Essen. With around 170,000 travelers every day, it is the ninth most frequented long-distance train station of Deutsche Bahn . In addition, the main station acts as a link between Essen city center , with a connection to the pedestrian zone, and the service centers in the southern district .
Station complex
Essen main station is a separation station , the platforms of which have individual platform roofs. In addition to the through tracks, the station also has some stub tracks for traffic with Gelsenkirchen - Münster , Hagen and Borken .
The station hall is located across and in the middle below the track system on two levels, which are connected by stairs, escalators and lifts. There are shops on the lower level and the travel center to the south outside the lobby , and restaurants on both levels . The lower level enables passage from the city center north of the train station to the southern district. The upper level is used to access or change between the tracks. Direct access to the platforms is possible from the lower level by elevator. In addition to the track access, a pedestrian tunnel in the eastern part of the station also enables passage from the city center to the southern district. A second pedestrian tunnel in the western part of the station connects part of the tracks with the exit to the southern quarter and the street Am Hauptbahnhof, which runs parallel to and west of the station hall .
The tram and light rail station of the Ruhrbahn is located on two underground levels (distribution level and four tracks below it) south of the train station to below the Freiheit square .
In order to ensure safety in the train station, the federal police support the employees of DB Sicherheit GmbH with their own guard .
Platforms and tracks
Essen Central Station has a total of 14 tracks, eight of which are continuous with and one without a platform connection. There are also five head tracks. The five platforms have a total area of 24,798 square meters and have been accessible by public elevators since the renovation in 2008 (the use of platform 21/22 is connected with a detour via the elevator at the east entrance). The platform on track 4/6 is 667 meters long. Platforms 7, 10, 11 and 12 have platform heights of 96 cm in order to provide a level entry into the S-Bahn railcars operating there. The other platforms are 76 cm high. Track 3 does not occupy a platform connection, as it is a through track for freight trains.
platform | track | Line / direction |
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1 | 1 |
IC REWanne-Eickel - Duisburg (primary) IC / ICE REDortmund - Duisburg (secondary) |
2 |
IC / ICE REDortmund - Duisburg (primary) IC REWanne-Eickel - Duisburg (secondary) |
|
2 | 4th |
IC REDuisburg - Wanne-Eickel (primary) IC / ICE REDuisburg - Dortmund (secondary) |
5 [KO] | ||
6th |
IC / ICE REDuisburg - Dortmund (primary) IC REDuisburg - Wanne-Eickel (secondary) |
|
3 | 7th |
S 1 to Solingen
S 3 to Oberhausen RE 14 to Borken together with RB 45 to Coesfeld (Westf.) |
8th |
S 9 to Bottrop (early in the morning / late in the evening)
RB 33 from and to Aachen |
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9 |
RE 16 to and from Iserlohn and Siegen
RB 40 to Hagen |
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10 |
S 1 from and to Dortmund
S 6 from Köln-Nippes (evenings and on weekends) |
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4th | 11 |
S 1 to Dortmund
S 3 to Hattingen, |
12 | S 6 to Köln-Nippes | |
5 | 21st | S 2 to Wanne-Eickel and Dortmund |
22nd | RE 42 to Münster |
Legend:
Other facilities
Today Essen main station has 5,700 square meters of pure retail space, which is 2000 square meters more than before the renovation in 2008/2009.
Before the renovation began in 2008, 34 shops and restaurants, among others, offered their services in the reception hall and the upper link tunnel on a total area of around 14,000 square meters. A total of around 9,000 square meters were let. In addition to the travel center, a total of 31 ticket machines were available, and there were also 420 lockers. 94 parking spaces and around 200 bicycle parking spaces were available in the immediate vicinity. (As of August 14, 2008)
A 40 meter high DB administration building was erected on the north side of the main train station in the 1960s, the last owner of which was the real estate developer Aurelis founded by Deutsche Bahn . The last tenant of the house was the Railway and Transport Union (EVG), which moved out in January 2012 due to deficiencies in fire protection. The building has been empty since then. After a complete renovation of the house was economically and technically out of the question, an application for demolition was approved. This demolition took place in 2017. The foundation of the administration building was the former nuclear bunker, which had been under the former DB high-rise since the early 1960s. Its official name was BA command center Essen Hauptbahnhof . In the event of war during the Cold War, he was to maintain the railway infrastructure in the management area as much as possible with the command post . The area of the bunker almost coincides with that of the DB administration building on it. About three meters thick concrete walls and ceilings of the bunker, which runs over two floors, should offer sufficient protection. The lower floor, about 16 meters deep, was to serve as a supply level with large fresh water tanks, a kitchen, toilets and diesel generators. A tunnel connects the bunker with the main post office opposite . The 50 meter high Hotel Premier Inn was also built on this bunker as a foundation . The topping-out ceremony took place on March 5, 2020 in the presence of Mayor Thomas Kufen , followed by the opening in May of that year.
Lines
According to the DB, 123 long-distance trains, 198 local trains and 403 S-Bahn trains serve the station every day (as of 2010).
Long-distance transport
The main train station in Essen is a long-distance train station for Deutsche Bahn and was served by trains from the long-distance lines mentioned below in the 2013 timetable. In addition, since August 29, 2011, there has been a connection with the Thalys high-speed train via Düsseldorf-Cologne-Aachen and Brussels to Paris (listed below as THA 80). There were also connections of the Flixtrain between Cologne and Berlin.
line | Course of the journey |
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ICE 10 | Berlin Ostbf - Hanover - Dortmund - Essen - Duisburg - Düsseldorf - Cologne / Bonn Airport |
ICE 30 | Hamburg - Bremen - Osnabrück - Münster - Dortmund - Essen - Duisburg - Düsseldorf - Cologne |
ICE 41 | Dortmund - Essen - Duisburg - Düsseldorf - Cologne - Frankfurt (Main) - Würzburg - Nuremberg - Munich |
ICE 42 | (Münster (Westf)) - ( Recklinghausen ) - or (Dortmund) - Essen - Duisburg - Düsseldorf - Cologne - Frankfurt (Main) Airport - Mannheim - Stuttgart - Munich |
ICE 47 | Münster - Recklinghausen - Gelsenkirchen - / Dortmund - Essen - Duisburg - Düsseldorf - Cologne - Frankfurt Airport - Mannheim - Stuttgart |
ICE 91 | Hamburg - Hamburg-Harburg - Bremen - Münster - Dortmund - Essen - Duisburg - Wuppertal - Cologne - Bonn - Koblenz - Mainz - Frankfurt (Main) Flughafen Fernbf - Frankfurt (Main) - Würzburg - Nuremberg - Regensburg - Passau - Linz - Vienna Hbf - Vienna Airport |
THA 80 | Paris-Nord - Bruxelles-Midi / Brussel-Zuid - Liège-Guillemins - Aachen - Cologne - Düsseldorf - (Düsseldorf Airport -) Duisburg - Essen (- Dortmund) |
IC 30 | ( Westerland -) Hamburg-Altona - Münster (Westf) - Dortmund - Essen - Duisburg - Düsseldorf - Cologne - Koblenz - Mannheim - Stuttgart / (- Freiburg (Breisgau) - Switzerland ) |
IC 32 | ( Berlin Südkreuz - Hanover -) Dortmund - Essen - Duisburg - Düsseldorf - Cologne - Koblenz - Mannheim - Stuttgart (- Lindau / Munich - Austria ) |
IC 51 | Düsseldorf / Cologne - Essen - Bochum - Dortmund - Kassel - Eisenach - Erfurt - Weimar - Jena West - Jena-Göschwitz - Gera Hbf |
IC 55 | Leipzig - Magdeburg - Hanover - Dortmund - Essen - Duisburg - Düsseldorf - Cologne |
FLX 30 | Berlin Südkreuz - Berlin - Berlin-Spandau - Wolfsburg - Hanover - Bielefeld - Dortmund - Essen - Duisburg - Düsseldorf - Cologne |
Individual trains that go beyond the usual routes of the lines, as well as reinforcement trains on weekends, are not listed.
With the timetable change in December 2007, Essen Central Station lost the stops of the night trains, City Night Line to Vienna and EuroNight “Jan Kiepura” to Warsaw (with through coaches to Minsk and Moscow ).
Regional traffic
Eight Regional Express lines, two regional train lines and five lines of the Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn stop in Essen Hauptbahnhof in the 2020 timetable .
Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn
Local transport
Essen main station is the junction of several light rail lines , tram lines , express buses, city buses and night lines.
You can change to the following bus lines at the main station. The buses run as express buses , night express buses and regular bus lines on over 20 lines from the exits of Essen main station.
history
Beginnings of the railway line
On March 1, 1862, a section of the Witten / Dortmund – Oberhausen / Duisburg railway of the former Bergisch-Märkische Railway Company between Bochum and Mülheim an der Ruhr went into operation. In the course of this, the so-called Essen BM station until 1897 (BM for Bergisch-Märkische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft) was opened as the predecessor of the Essen main station. It wasn't the first train station in Essen. As early as 1846, the Berge-Borbeck station, which was remote for the time, (since 1914 Essen-Bergeborbeck ) went into operation as the first station in what is now Essen's urban area. In 1847, the Essen CM station (CM for Cöln-Mindener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft , today Essen-Altenessen station ), which was important at the time, was put into operation on the Duisburg – Dortmund railway line (part of its Cologne-Minden trunk line ).
The two previous buildings
Entrance building from 1862
The first station building of the station, still called Essen BM , at today's Hachestrasse, a partly timber-framed half-timbered building from 1862, was not able to cope with the rapidly growing city of Essen during the period of industrialization in the late 19th century and was closed in 1897. The temporary extension of long wooden halls to the station roof and the erection of small auxiliary buildings did not bring any significant improvement in terms of the increasing number of people transported.
The Essen station mission also opened in 1897, making it one of the oldest in Germany.
The track systems were still crossing Kettwiger Strasse via a barrier . On June 15, 1899, the raised, level-free track superstructure was put into operation, and Kettwiger Strasse was thus passed underneath it without crossing.
Fritz Klingholz's reception building
In the course of this, the wooden station building was replaced by a representative station building based on plans by the architect Fritz Klingholz and partial designs by other architects, and it was erected under the direction of the Prussian construction officer Alexander Rüdell . Further work came from the Royal Railway Directorate in Essen and in particular the iron constructions from Ministerial Director Schroeder. Between 1897 and 1905 the Essen BM train station was renamed to its current name Essen Hauptbahnhof , whereby the Bergisch-Märkische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft was dissolved and nationalized in 1886.
The basic structure of the new reception building was an iron structure that was freely visible on the inside on the ceilings and walls. The reason for the construction of iron girders was the fear of mining damage from the extensive coal mining in Essen. The surrounding walls of the aisles, the gable ends and the transverse walls of the central hall were bricked. The structure of the outer walls made of Lauterecken sandstone was faced with red brick. The gable roof was covered with interlocking tiles. The clock tower on the northwest corner of the building had an illuminated dial. The building in Renaissance style with Gothic elements primarily took into account its function as a traffic structure. All routes for travelers and luggage were on one level, with a passenger tunnel leading to the platforms. The entrance and exit areas in the reception building were clearly separated from each other. The waiting rooms, equipped with one women's and one non-smoking room, were located in the eastern wing of the building, with the walls of the waiting rooms for the first and second carriage classes being two meters high with red-brown and dark green tiles, and those for the third and fourth classes with dark yellow tiles . This wing of the building had a cellar for the station management. There were also cellars under the central hall and the counter hall in the western wing of the building. The central or main hall lay on a square floor plan with a side length of 18.42 meters. A staircase on the east side of the building, accessible from the outside, led to the upper floor and the converted attic, which both belonged to the railway operator. Above that the stairs reached the attic.
The platform on track 1 had its own platform roof. The two island platforms, on the other hand, were spanned by a two-aisled station hall, the construction of which came from the company August Klönne from Dortmund. This hall was 130 meters long, 10.7 meters high and was supported by arched trusses with a span of 21.33 meters on cast iron columns at a distance of 8.6 meters. Another, southern platform had a barrel roof at right angles to the track .
The entire station was completed in December 1902. On the platform there was a branch of the main post office with the telegraph office, and on the northern forecourt of the station there was a stop for cabs. Around 1930 the underpass of Kettwiger Straße was widened by a bridge arch.
First World War
When the First World War broke out in August 1914, many troop transport trains passed through the main station and headed west to the front. The trains stopped briefly, with the soldiers receiving refreshments.
The Red Cross had set up an aid station in the main train station to receive those arriving from the hospital trains. There were two hospital trains that commuted between the Western Front and the Ruhr Area between 1914 and 1918 to bring the wounded home. The first train arrived at Essen Central Station on August 30, 1914, with around 300 injured. By the end of the war, around 150,000 wounded had reached Essen. The train with the name Julius von Waldthausen , named after a member of an established Essen patrician family, had 25 wagons pulled by a Prussian P 8 .
The nail figure Schmied von Essen by the Berlin sculptor Ludwig Nick (1873-1936) was set up on July 25, 1915 in a pavilion designed by the Essen architect Edmund Körner on the station forecourt. The figure was a symbol of the willingness to donate in the First World War. Anyone who paid a sum of money could drive an iron, silver, or gold nail into the blacksmith or one of the side panels. A board read: To the people of food! Hit her hammer master grandson with a powerful blow, nails, and hammer into the war shield all the love and wrath of the German people. After the war, the blacksmith's relief found its way into the city garden and finally in 1934 as part of a light fountain in Grugapark , where it was bombed in World War II.
Ruhr occupation
After the occupation of the Ruhr , a special train brought six hundred police officers back to Essen on August 1, 1925. They had been expelled by the French in 1923 and were doing their service in Münster and Gleiwitz . The police officers who had returned home were greeted by a crowd at the main train station and accompanied in a triumphal procession to Rüttenscheid to their accommodation on Lührmannstrasse.
Second World War
During the Second World War , nine transports took place from Essen main train station and from Segeroth train station , bringing a total of around 1200 Essen Jews to extermination camps in Eastern Europe. The destination of the first train with around 200 people was the Litzmannstadt ghetto , another eight went to Auschwitz-Birkenau and Theresienstadt , among other places . Hardly anyone survived that. These trains left Essen between October 27, 1941 and September 9, 1943. Behind armed guards, these transports were carried out in broad daylight under the eyes of other travelers and the rest of the rail traffic was not interrupted.
Like all train station missions , the one at Essen Central Station was banned during World War II.
The bombing by the Allies in 1944 and 1945 destroyed Fritz Klingholz's station building, as well as the two-aisled station hall.
Post-war period, reconstruction
In the post-war period, the main station was rebuilt in the typical style of the 1950s. The architects Kurt Rasenack and Bernd Figge played a key role in this. A characteristic of this new building was that the reception hall, which was completed on November 15, 1959, is no longer in front of, but under the tracks. The western wing of the north entrance was adorned with a characteristic, glass café rotunda , which initially housed the station café and finally a travel agency. An upward curved roof allowed a certain amount of light to flood the reception hall from the north entrance. However, this was later replaced by a larger, pre-built, straight roof. Because of this, and the subsequent installation of shops, the former spaciousness and openness of the station decreased.
After 1945 the forbidden in the war Bahnhofsmission was reorganized and initially was located in a small coop on the platform 4 (West). She mainly looked after returning soldiers and displaced persons. On September 28, 1953, the first returnees from Soviet captivity arrived at Essen Central Station. In addition, a large number of job seekers came to the Ruhr area from the east, which led to a branch of the station mission being set up at the Essen-Altenessen station from 1956 to 1960 .
Renovation from 2008 to 2010
The groundbreaking ceremony for this renovation was in September 2008. Before that, Essen Central Station was generally narrow and dilapidated. Since it was only given a few possibilities for expansion, it was considered a move to the area of the Essen West train station . However, this plan was revised again. Instead, the existing train station was renovated and modernized more cheaply. For this purpose, a NRW funding package was planned, which provided a total of 350 million euros for the five cities of Essen, Duisburg , Dortmund , Münster and Wuppertal . In July 2007, DB Station & Service AG would have wanted to tender the first work.
The actual renovation project, however, was not a package for several cities, but only concerned Essen Central Station. Not least because of the time pressure to have the renovation completed by the middle of the 2010 Capital of Culture year at the latest , Essen was awarded the contract for the renovation. The former financing gap of 18 million euros was closed jointly by the federal, state and railways. Of the total costs of around 57 million euros, the federal government took on 35 million euros, the state of North Rhine-Westphalia 5.1 million euros and the railway almost 17 million euros. In addition, the then Essener Verkehrs-AG (EVAG) invested just under 5.3 million euros.
On February 11, 2008, the Essener Verkehrs-AG began to rebuild the approximately one hundred meter long passage, which was created in 1977, between the Willy-Brandt-Platz, which was known from 1994 onwards, and the Straße Freiheit in the first basement. It replaced the electrical systems in accordance with new fire protection regulations and modernized the ventilation. In addition, new shops were built. From August 11 to November 21, 2008, the passage to the city center was closed and then modernized and initially reopened incompletely. At that time, however, the underground station was accessible via the entrances on Freedom Street , which is still the case.
For the actual station, the entire hall has been gutted to create 5700 square meters of retail space. The facades were renewed and the main passage widened. The southern entrance area received two glass pavilions, which now house the travel center of the railway and the customer center of the Ruhrbahn. The former glass café rotunda was demolished in 2009 and replaced by a rectangular, also glass extension, which is used by a fast food restaurant. Five barrier-free entrances with elevators were created to the platforms. The platform coverings and roofs were also renovated and the sound and lighting were renewed. The station mission was given a larger office at the waiting area for the taxis on the north side, outside the reception building. A "kids lounge" has also been set up there for children traveling alone.
During the construction work, the station concourse could not be used since September 2008. It was reopened to the public on December 21, 2009. The official opening took place on January 16, 2010 in the presence of Federal Minister of Transport Peter Ramsauer , North Rhine-Westphalia's Prime Minister Jürgen Rüttgers and Bahn boss Rüdiger Grube . During the renovation phase of the reception hall, the platforms were only accessible via the staircases in the west (station underpass / freedom) and east tunnels (side entrance opposite the Haus der Technik ). In addition, the Essener Verkehrs-AG relocated the bus stops from the street-station underpass to the area of the north and south exits. On April 12, 2010, the then Essener Verkehrs-AG (now Ruhrbahn ) opened its EUR 7.8 million customer center at the south entrance. On its roof there is a photovoltaic system that can generate up to 23,300 kilowatt hours of electricity per year. Furthermore, the two pedestrian underpasses in the east and west, as well as the long-distance bus station in the south, were renewed. In addition, the squares north and south of the station were rebuilt. The east tunnel, which was closed for the purpose of installing a lift, has also been accessible again since October 2011.
Web links
- Description of this sight on the route of industrial culture
- Tracks in service facilities (EE) , DB Netz AG (PDF; 1.887 MB), track plan, DB Netz AG
- Current departures Essen Hbf
- Official DB timetables
NRWbahnarchiv by André Joost:
Individual evidence
- ↑ Platform information at Essen Hbf. (No longer available online.) Deutsche Bahn, July 23, 2013, archived from the original on September 23, 2015 ; accessed on September 15, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ derwesten.de of December 2, 2009: Boos or applause for Essen Central Station? , accessed January 31, 2018
- ↑ Stadtspiegel Essen - Westanzeiger from January 16, 2010
- ↑ Facts on www.deutschebahn.com ( Memento of the original from November 17, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. - offline
- ↑ Janet Lindgens: Skyscraper at the main train station is being demolished, In: Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung of December 3, 2016
- ^ Gerd Niewerth: On the way in the old nuclear bunker at Essen main station; In: Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung of April 3, 2019
- ↑ Lord Mayor Thomas Kufen at the topping-out ceremony for the Premier Inn hotel ; In: Press release of the city of Essen from March 5, 2020
- ^ DB - The train stations - Facts & Figures - Essen Hbf. Archived from the original on June 5, 2010 ; Retrieved June 11, 2010 .
- ↑ derwesten.de of August 29, 2011: Self-test with the Thalys from Essen to Paris and back - offline
- ^ Thomas Dupke: Coal, Krupp and municipal development . In: Ulrich Borsdorf (Hrsg.): Essen - history of a city . 2002, p. 293 .
- ↑ André Joost: Operating Offices Archive Essen-Altenessen. In: NRWbahnarchiv. Retrieved June 22, 2017 .
- ↑ a b c d e Diploma thesis 2006, architecture at the Technical University of Berlin ; accessed on January 31, 2018
- ↑ a b c The Essen station mission celebrates its 120th birthday , in: Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung from January 31, 2018
- ↑ a b Tony Kellen: The industrial city of Essen in words and pictures. History and description of the city of Essen. At the same time a guide through food and the surrounding area. Fredebeul & Koenen, Essen 1902, p. 9, 10, 61 .
- ^ Entry on Rüdell in the historical register of architects "archthek" ; accessed on September 15, 2015
- ↑ Documentation in the Rotkreuz-Museum Essen
- ↑ a b Hugo Rieth: Essen in old views . 7th edition. tape 2 . Zaltbommel, Netherlands 1991, ISBN 90-288-3097-9 .
- ↑ a b Klaus Wisotzky: From the Imperial Visit to the Euro Summit. 100 years of Essen history at a glance. Klartext, Essen 1996, ISBN 3-88474-497-6 .
- ↑ Memorial plaque in front of the north side of the main train station.
- ↑ Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed November 17, 2012.
- ↑ Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung (WAZ) of April 13, 2010: New Ruhrbahn customer center as a twin of the travel center.