Olympic history of India
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India , whose NOK , the Indian Olympic Association , was founded in 1927 andrecognizedby the IOC in the same year, has been participating in the Summer Olympics since 1920. As early as 1900, the British native Norman Pritchard, who was born in India, took part in theParis Games. While sports historians like Ian Buchanan referred to Pritchard as British, the IOC continued to view Pritchard as Indian. Since 1964, athletes have also been sent to winter games. Young athletes sent to both of the youth summer games held so far.
The IOC suspended the Indian NOK in December 2012 in order to punish political interference. As a result, Indian athletes could only participate as Independent Olympic Participants (IOP) . The suspension was lifted during the games on February 11, 2014, so that two athletes could again compete for India.
Overview
Summer games
1900 to 1936
India's Olympic debut took place in Paris in 1900. The only athlete was Kolkata- born Norman Pritchard . Pritchard took part in five running disciplines of athletics and won silver over 200 meters and over 200 meters obstacle.
It was not until 1920 that an official Indian Olympic team took part. The team consisted of track and field athletes and wrestlers. The freestyle wrestler Randhir Shindes reached fourth place in the featherweight division. In 1924, India was represented for the first time in tennis and in 1928 in hockey. Tennis player Nora Polley was India's first woman to appear at the Olympic Games on July 13, 1924. In 1928 the hockey team qualified for the final against the Netherlands, including victories over Austria and Switzerland 6-0 each. With a 3-0 victory, the team ensured the first Indian Olympic victory.
In 1932 Indian hockey players defended their Olympic victory. The tournament was played with only three teams. India beat Japan 11-1 and the USA 24-1. An Indian swimmer competed for the first time in Los Angeles. In 1936 the hockey team achieved the third consecutive Olympic victory. The players Richard James Allen and Dhyan Chand were the only players to become three-time Olympic champions. Without conceding a goal, the team qualified for the semi-finals in the preliminary round. Opponent France was defeated 10-0. In the final against Germany they had to accept the only goal of the tournament in an 8-1 win. An Indian weightlifter competed in Berlin for the first time.
Norman Pritchard, India's first Olympian and medalist
Scene from the 1928 hockey final between India (white jersey) and the Netherlands
The Indian hockey team on board the Haruna Maru en route to Los Angeles in 1932
The winning hockey team from 1936
1948 to 1968
Indian participants first competed in water polo, boxing and soccer in London in 1948. The hockey team passed the preliminary round without losing points. Austria was beaten 8-0. The semi-final against the Netherlands was won 2-1. In the final, they met the United Kingdom and won 4-0.
Gymnastics and shooting were on the program for an Indian Olympic team for the first time in 1952. India's hockey team won the gold medal for the fifth time in a row. Austria was defeated 4-0 in the quarter-finals. For the first time after 1900 an individual athlete's medal was won. Freestyle wrestler Khashaba Jadhav won bronze in the bantamweight division. In the featherweight division, Keshav Mangave was fourth.
The sixth gold medal in a row in hockey followed in 1956. India qualified for the semifinals without conceding a goal. Here the German team was defeated 1-0. The final against Pakistan could also be won 1-0. The soccer team had reached the quarter-finals without a fight and had defeated Australia 4-2 here. The semi-finals against Yugoslavia went 1: 4, the bronze game against Bulgaria lost 3: 0.
In 1960, surprisingly, India failed to win the gold medal. The preliminary round was won with just one goal. The first surprise came in the quarter-finals against Australia. For the first time in their Olympic history, the Indian team failed to win the game in regular time. Only after extra time was the 1-0 victory certain. The semi-final against the United Kingdom was won 1-0. In the final it was against Pakistan. For the first time India lost an Olympic hockey game, the final score was 0-1 for Pakistan. In athletics, Milkha Singh reached fourth place over 400 meters. Zora Singh crossed the finish line in eighth place after 50 kilometers of walking.
In 1964, Indian water divers took part for the first time. The hockey team made up for the shame of Rome. Five wins and two draws in the preliminary round, u. a. a 1-1 draw against Germany brought the team to the semi-finals, in which Australia was defeated 3-1. The final was a new edition from 1960. India was able to retaliate and defeated Pakistan 1-0. With this sixth gold medal, India remains the leading nation in Olympic hockey to this day. In athletics, Gurbachan Singh Randhawa took 5th place in the 110 meter hurdles.
India won six of the seven preliminary round matches at the 1968 hockey tournament. The Federal Republic of Germany was beaten 2-1, the GDR 1-0. The semi-final against Australia was lost after extra time with 1: 2. The opponent in the bronze medal was again the Federal Republic. India won again 2-1.
Members of the Indian soccer team training in 1948
The 1952 Olympic hockey champions. Standing in white robes Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru
Award ceremony in hockey 1960. In the front on the podium the captain of the Indian team
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1972 to 1996
In 1972 Indian sailors took part for the first time. The hockey team reached the semi-finals against Pakistan after six wins in seven preliminary round games and lost 2-0. The bronze match against the Netherlands was won 2-1. In freestyle wrestling, Sudesh Kumar finished fourth in flyweight and Prem Nath in bantamweight.
The 1976 Games were medalless for India, the first time since 1924. In athletics, Sriram Singh finished seventh over 800 meters. The hockey team could not qualify for the semifinals. Rank 3 was enough for the placement round to place 5 to 8. In the first round the Federal Republic of Germany lost 3-2, the game for 7th place against Malaysia could be won 2-0.
In 1980 Indian athletes took part in basketball and horse riding for the first time. The hockey team was able to win its eighth gold medal. The tournament with only six teams was played in a group preliminary round. India took 2nd place and played in the final. Opponent Spain was defeated 4: 3. The women's tournament was held in a simple, six-team group. The women's team qualified for the first time finished fourth after the preliminary round, ahead of the Austrians, who were beaten 2-0. In freestyle wrestling, Jagmander Singh took 4th place in the lightweight and Mahabir Singh 5th place in the light flyweight division.
In 1984 the Indian team remained without medals. The athlete PT Usha ran the 400 meter hurdles in fourth place. With her, the women's 400 meter relay also reached the final and came in seventh. The freestyle wrestler Rajinder Singh finished fourth in the welterweight division. The hockey team was third in the group of the preliminary round. Against the team of the Federal Republic of Germany they made a 0-0. In the placement round, New Zealand was beaten 1-0. The game for 5th place against the Netherlands was won 5-2.
In 1988, archery, tennis and table tennis were the sports at the Olympics that Indians first competed in. In Seoul, India was left without a medal. The hockey team played 1: 1 against the Federal Republic of Germany in the preliminary round, but could not qualify for the semi-finals afterwards. In the placement round against Argentina, the team had to go into a seven-meter shoot for the first time, after extra time it was 6: 6. India won the seven-meter duel 4-3. The game for 5th place against Pakistan was lost 2-1.
In Barcelona in 1992 badminton and judo were on the agenda for Indian athletes for the first time. India also received nothing at these summer games. The hockey team lost their preliminary round match against Germany 3-0. The fourth place in the group brought India into the placement round for places 5 to 8. In the final accounts, India came in 7th.
After a break of 12 years, there was another medal win in 1996. The tennis player Leander Paes , who entered the tournament with a wildcard , reached the semi-finals against Andre Agassi . Paes lost in two sets and was able to win the match for bronze against the Brazilian Fernando Meligeni in three sets and thus fight for the bronze medal. The hockey team played 1: 1 against Germany in the preliminary round and took third place in the group. In the placement round, the team lost both games and was eighth.
The Indian hockey team in 1988
Leander Paes, bronze in the tennis singles 1996
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2000 until today
In Sydney 2000, Indian rowers took part for the first time. Weightlifter Karnam Malleswari won the bronze medal in the light heavyweight division. This made her the first woman in India to be awarded an Olympic medal. The hockey team was third in the preliminary group and finished 7th after the placement round.
In 2004 the shooter Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore won silver in double trap. In athletics, the women's 400 meter relay reached the final and finished seventh. In the long jump, Anju Bobby George was fifth. As four years earlier, the hockey team finished seventh. In the flyweight division, weightlifter N. Kunjarani Devi reached fourth place. In tennis, the men's doubles Leander Paes / Mahesh Bhupathi reached the semi-finals. Here they lost against the German duo Nicolas Kiefer / Rainer Schüttler . The match for the bronze medal against Croatians Mario Ančić and Ivan Ljubičić was also lost.
2008 in Beijing an Olympic victory could be celebrated again after 28 years. It was also the first Olympic victory for an individual athlete. Sports shooter Abhinav Bindra became Olympic champion with the air rifle. In freestyle wrestling, Sushil Kumar won bronze in the welterweight division. Boxer Vijender Singh also won bronze in the middleweight division.
Six medals, two silver and four bronze medals, were the result of 2012. In terms of the number of medals, these were the most successful summer games for India so far. Silver won the welterweight freestyle wrestler Sushil Kumar and the marksman Vijay Kumar with the rapid fire pistol. Bronze went to the lightweight freestyle wrestler Yogeshwar Dutt , the shooter Gagan Narang with the air rifle, the flyweight boxer Mary Kom and the badminton player Saina Nehwal in the singles. In athletics, discus thrower Vikas Gowda reached 8th place, his teammate Krishna Poonia 7th place. The hockey team lost to Germany 2: 5 in the preliminary round and was the last of their group. The game for 11th place against South Africa was also lost 3-2.
In 2016 in Rio de Janeiro, golf was played by Indians for the first time. In badminton, PV Sindhu won silver in the women's singles. The freestyle wrestler Sakshi Malik won bronze in the lightweight. The hockey team lost 1: 2 in the preliminary round to Germany. This time she finished fourth in the group. In the placement round she reached 8th place. In tennis, the mixed doubles Sania Mirza / Rohan Bopanna reached the semi-finals. Here they lost to the US doubles Venus Williams / Rajeev Ram . They also lost the bronze medal against the Czech duo Lucie Hradecká / Radek Štěpánek . In apparatus gymnastics, Dipa Karmak qualified for the apparatus final in the horse jump. Here she was fourth. Abhinav Bindra also came fourth with the air rifle, who won the competition in 2012.
Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore, silver medal in double trap 2004
Long jumper Anju Bobby George in 2006
Abhinav Bindra, 2008 Olympic champion with an air rifle
Award ceremony in wrestling 2012: far left Sushil Kumar with silver
Vijender Singh wins bronze in boxing in 2008
Boxer Mary Kom won bronze in 2012
Saina Nehwal wins bronze in badminton singles in 2012
PV Sindhu wins silver in badminton singles in 2016
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Winter games
An alpine ski racer formed the first Indian Olympic team at the Winter Games in 1964: Jeremy Bujakowski was India's first winter Olympic athlete on January 30, 1964. On February 26, 1968, Shailaja Kumar , also an alpine ski racer, was the first woman in India to take part in the Winter Games. An Indian tobogganer took part for the first time in Nagano in 1998, and a cross-country skier in 2006. In 2018 Shiva Keshavan , the only Indian luge competitor at the Olympic Games, took part in the Winter Olympic Games for the sixth time.
Youth games
32 young people, 22 boys and 10 girls, took part in the first 2010 Summer Youth Olympic Games in Singapore in athletics, archery, badminton, basketball, boxing, judo, rowing, shooting, swimming, table tennis, tennis, weightlifting and wrestling. The athletes won six silver and two bronze medals. Silver went to the athletes Arjun Arjun in the discus throw and Kumar Durgesh in the 400 meter hurdles, to the tennis player Yuki Bhambri in the singles, the badminton player HS Prannoy in the singles, the freestyle wrestler Pooja Dhanda in the light heavyweight division and the boxer Shiva Thapa in the bantamweight division. Freestyle wrestler Satyawart Kadian won bronze in the heavyweight division and boxer Vikas Krishan Yadav in the lightweight division. Another bronze medal that is not taken into account in India's medal balance was won by judoka Neha Thakur in the mixed team competition with her team Cairo .
At the 2014 Summer Youth Olympic Games in Nanjing , 32 young people took part again, this time with 19 boys and 13 girls. The athletes competed in the sports of track and field, archery, badminton, boxing, canoeing, golf, gymnastics, rowing, sailing, shooting, swimming, table tennis, tennis, weightlifting and wrestling. Weightlifter Venkat Ragala won silver in the middleweight division. The archer Atul Verma took bronze in the individual ranking.
A girl competed in alpine skiing at the 2012 Winter Youth Games in Innsbruck . At the 2016 Winter Youth Games in Lillehammer, a boy also took part in alpine skiing.
Art competitions
Two Indian artists took part in the 1948 Olympic art competition in the field of painting. AG Chagale submitted his watercolor Players' Spirit , KS Kulkarni his watercolor Kabaddi . Both could not place themselves.
Mountaineering award
As part of the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix , seven Sherpas were awarded the Prix olympique d'alpinisme for their achievements . The Sherpas Narbu, Lhakpa, Pasang, Pembra, Antarge, Temba and Sange received the award for their participation in the British Mount Everest Expedition in 1922 .
IOC members
Philanthropist Nita Ambani has been an IOC member since 2016 . She is a member of the Commission for Public Relations and Social Development through Sport.
From 2001 to 2014 the former marksman Randhir Singh , a five-time Olympic participant between 1968 and 1984, was an IOC member. His membership ended for reasons of age and has been an honorary member ever since.
Overview of the participants
Summer games
| year | Athletes | Flag bearer | sports | Medals | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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total | rank | ||
| 1896 | not participated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1900 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 17th | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1904-1912 | not participated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1920 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1924 | 13 | 12 | 1 | 7th | 6th | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1928 | 21st | 21st | 0 | 9 | 7th | 14th | 1 | 1 | 23 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1932 | 19th | 19th | 0 | Lal Shah Bokhari | 4th | 15th | 1 | 1 | 1 | 19th | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 1936 | 27 | 27 | 0 | Dhyan Chand | 4th | 3 | 19th | 1 | 1 | 1 | 20th | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 1948 | 64 | 60 | 4th | 8th | 6th | 20th | 7th | 2 | 7th | 9 | 11 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 22nd | ||||||||||||||||
| 1952 | 77 | 60 | 4th | Balbir Singh | 8th | 4th | 14th | 5 | 2 | 4th | 5 | 11 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 26th | |||||||||||||
| 1956 | 59 | 58 | 1 | Balbir Singh | 8th | 7th | 27 | 2 | 3 | 17th | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 24 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1960 | 45 | 45 | 0 | 11 | 5 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 32 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1964 | 53 | 52 | 1 | Gurbachan Singh Randhawa | 13 | 8th | 15th | 2 | 5 | 6th | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 24 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1968 | 25th | 25th | 0 | 2 | 4th | 16 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 42 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 1972 | 41 | 40 | 1 | Devine Jones | 8th | 8th | 14th | 1 | 3 | 4th | 3 | 1 | 1 | 43 | |||||||||||||||||
| 1976 | 26th | 26th | 0 | 4th | 16 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1980 | 72 | 56 | 16 | Randhir Singh | 11 | 6th | 30th | 2 | 3 | 4th | 12 | 4th | 1 | 1 | 23 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1984 | 48 | 42 | 6th | Zafar Iqbal | 8th | 8th | 16 | 4th | 2 | 8th | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 1988 | 46 | 39 | 7th | Kartar Singh | 5 | 7th | 3 | 16 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1992 | 52 | 46 | 6th | Shiny Abraham | 2 | 6th | 2 | 15th | 3 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 4th | 3 | 3 | 5 | |||||||||||||||
| 1996 | 49 | 40 | 9 | Pargat Singh | 6th | 1 | 2 | 16 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4th | 1 | 1 | 71 | |||||||||||
| 2000 | 65 | 44 | 21st | Leander Paes | 24 | 1 | 4th | 15th | 2 | 3 | 4th | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 71 | |||||||||||
| 2004 | 73 | 48 | 25th | Anju Bobby George | 17th | 7th | 2 | 16 | 1 | 3 | 4th | 8th | 2 | 2 | 6th | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 65 | ||||||||||
| 2008 | 53 | 31 | 22nd | Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore | 14th | 3 | 4th | 4th | 5 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 4th | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 50 | |||||||||||
| 2012 | 81 | 58 | 23 | Sushil Kumar | 14th | 5 | 7th | 16 | 1 | 2 | 8th | 11 | 2 | 6th | 5 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 4th | 6th | 55 | ||||||||||
| 2016 | 112 | 61 | 51 | Abhinav Bindra | 29 | 7th | 4th | 32 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 12 | 4th | 4th | 7th | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 67 | ||||||||
| total | 9 | 7th | 12 | 28 | 48 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Winter games
| year | Athletes | Flag bearer | sports | Medals | ||||||||
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total | rank | ||
| 1924-1960 | not participated | |||||||||||
| 1964 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||||||||
| 1968 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||||||||
| 1972-1984 | not participated | |||||||||||
| 1988 | 3 | 2 | 1 | Kishor Rahtna Rai | 3 | |||||||
| 1992 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | ||||||||
| 1994 | not participated | |||||||||||
| 1998 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Shiva Keshavan | 1 | |||||||
| 2002 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Shiva Keshavan | 1 | |||||||
| 2006 | 4th | 3 | 1 | Neha Ahuja | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 2010 | 3 | 3 | 0 | Shiva Keshavan | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 2014 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| 2018 | 2 | 2 | 0 | Shiva Keshavan | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | |||||||
List of medal winners
Gold medals
| Surname | Games | sport | discipline |
|---|---|---|---|
| Men's national hockey team | 1928 Amsterdam | hockey | Men's tournament |
| Men's national hockey team | 1932 Los Angeles | hockey | Men's tournament |
| Men's national hockey team | 1936 Berlin | hockey | Men's tournament |
| Men's national hockey team | 1948 London | hockey | Men's tournament |
| Men's national hockey team | 1952 Helsinki | hockey | Men's tournament |
| Men's national hockey team | 1956 Melbourne | hockey | Men's tournament |
| Men's national hockey team | 1964 Tokyo | hockey | Men's tournament |
| Men's national hockey team | 1980 Moscow | hockey | Men's tournament |
| Abhinav Bindra | 2008 Beijing | shoot | Air rifle |
Silver medals
| Surname | Games | sport | discipline |
|---|---|---|---|
| Norman Pritchard | 1900 Paris | athletics | 200 metres |
| Norman Pritchard | 1900 Paris | athletics | 200 meter hurdles |
| Men's national hockey team | 1960 Rome | hockey | Men's tournament |
| Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore | 2004 Athens | shoot | Double trap |
| Vijay Kumar | 2012 London | shoot | Rapid fire pistol |
| Sushil Kumar | 2012 London | Wrestling | Welterweight freestyle |
| PV Sindhu | 2016 Rio de Janeiro | badminton | singles |
Bronze medals
| Surname | Games | sport | discipline |
|---|---|---|---|
| Khashaba Jadhav | 1952 Helsinki | Wrestling | Bantamweight freestyle |
| Men's national hockey team | 1968 Mexico City | hockey | Men's tournament |
| Men's national hockey team | 1972 Munich | hockey | Men's tournament |
| Leander Paes | 1996 Atlanta | tennis | singles |
| Karnam Malleswari | 2000 Sydney | Weightlifting | Light heavyweight |
| Vijender Singh | 2008 Beijing | Boxing | medium weight |
| Sushil Kumar | 2008 Beijing | Wrestling | Welterweight freestyle |
| Saina Nehwal | 2012 London | badminton | singles |
| Mary Com | 2012 London | Boxing | Flyweight |
| Gagan Narang | 2012 London | shoot | Air rifle |
| Yogeshwar bun | 2012 London | Wrestling | Lightweight freestyle |
| Sakshi Malik | 2016 Rio de Janeiro | Wrestling | Lightweight freestyle |
Medals by sport
| sport | gold | silver | bronze | total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| hockey | 8th | 1 | 2 | 11 |
| shoot | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4th |
| athletics | - | 2 | - | 2 |
| Wrestling | - | 1 | 4th | 5 |
| badminton | - | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Boxing | - | - | 2 | 2 |
| Weightlifting | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| tennis | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| total | 9 | 7th | 12 | 28 |
Web links
- India in the Sports-Reference database (English; archived from the original )
- India on Olympic.org - The Official website of the Olympic movement (English)
- Website of the Indian NOK (English).
Individual evidence
- ↑ ZeeNews of December 31, 2012 (English).
- ↑ India part of the Olympic family again . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . February 11, 2014 ( online [accessed August 28, 2020]).
- ↑ The hockey player Richard Carr also competed in athletics
- ↑ Water polo players Isaac Monsoor, Bijoy Barman and Sachin Nag also competed in swimming
- ↑ Water polo players Isaac Monsoor and Khamlillal Shah also competed in swimming
- ↑ There were originally four athletes qualified. Since India was suspended from the IOC, the Indians first ran as independent participants. Only after the suspension was lifted could the remaining two athletes start under their national flag.
| Summer: |
1900 • 1904 • 1908 • 1912 • 1920 • 1924 • 1928 • 1932 • 1936 • 1948 • 1952 • 1956 • 1960 • 1964 • 1968 • 1972 • 1976 • 1980 • 1984 • 1988 • 1992 • 1996 • 2000 • 2004 • 2008 • 2012 • 2016 |
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| Winter: |
1964 • 1968 • 1972 • 1976 • 1980 • 1984 • 1988 • 1992 • 1994 • 1998 • 2002 • 2006 • 2010 • 2014 1 • 2018 |
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Youth games: |
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| Others: |
