Ronaldo (soccer player, 1976)

Ronaldo
Ronaldo (2005)
Personnel
Surname	Ronaldo Luís Nazario de Lima
birthday	22nd September 1976
place of birth	Rio de Janeiro ,  Brazil
size	183 cm
position	Storm
Juniors
Years	station
0000-1989	Tennis Club Valqueire
1989-1991	Social Ramos Club Bento Ribeiro
1991-1993	São Cristóvão FR
Men's
Years	station	Games (goals) 1
1993-1994	Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte	14 (12)
1994-1996	PSV Eindhoven	46 (42)
1996-1997	FC Barcelona	37 (34)
1997-2002	Inter Milan	68 (49)
2002-2007	real Madrid	127 (83)
2007-2008	AC Milan	20 0(9)
2009-2011	Corinthians São Paulo	31 (18)
National team
Years	selection	Games (goals)
1993	Brazil U17
1994-2011	Brazil	98 (62)
1996	Brazil Olympic selection	6 0(5)
1 Only league games are given.

Ronaldo [ ʁonawðu ] (* 22. September 1976 in Rio de Janeiro , full name Ronaldo Luís Nazário de Lima ) is a former Brazilian football player and current functionaries , who, since 2005, the Spanish has citizenship.

The center forward made his debut in 1993 as a 16-year-old for the professional team of Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte and moved to Europe in 1994 at the age of 17 . After two seasons in the Netherlands with PSV Eindhoven , Ronaldo moved to Spain for FC Barcelona in 1996 and was named FIFA World Player of the Year for the first time that same year . After a season in which he was the top scorer in the Primera División and won the European Cup Winners' Cup , he moved to Italy for Inter Milan and was again FIFA World Player and European Footballer of the Year in 1997 . With Inter, Ronaldo won the 1998 UEFA Cup and was nicknamed Il Fenomeno ( The Phenomenon ) by the Italian press .

From 1998 to 2002, however, he had to endure several serious knee injuries and was only able to play a fraction of the competitive games. After presenting himself as one of the world's best players at the 2002 World Cup without much match practice, he moved to Spain to the Galactic of Real Madrid and received the third FIFA World Player of the Year award and the second European Footballer of the Year award. With the Royal , Ronaldo won u. a. The World Cup in 2002 and the Spanish Championship in 2003 and was able to build on old achievements, especially in the first three years ( 2004 as top scorer in the Primera División), but the major international titles - in particular winning the Champions League - did not materialize. After Ronaldo had to struggle again with injuries and a thyroid disease that led to weight gain from the 2005/06 season , he returned to Milan in January 2007 at the age of 30 and joined Inter's city rivals AC Milan . After one and a half years of injuries, Ronaldo left Milan and, after six months without a club, ended his career in his home country with Corinthians São Paulo in January 2009 .

From 1994 Ronaldo, also known as Ronaldo Fenômeno in Brazil , played 98 times for the Brazilian national team and scored 62 goals, making him the Seleção's second best goalscorer behind Pelé (77). At the World Cup in 1994 , his first major tournament, he became world champion for the first time at the age of 17 , but was left behind in the storm behind Bebeto and Romário without any effort. At the 1998 World Cup , Ronaldo scored four goals and was named the best player. His team lost to host France in the final, before which he fell ill under circumstances that have not yet been clarified and still played . At the 2002 World Cup , Ronaldo led the Seleção to win the title with eight goals - including two in the final against Germany - and became the top scorer. At the 2006 World Cup , which ended in the quarter-finals for Brazil, he scored three goals and was the record scorer with 15 goals ahead of Gerd Müller (14) before Miroslav Klose (16) replaced him at the 2014 World Cup . In addition to two world championships, Ronaldo won the Copa América in 1997 and 1999 and the Confed Cup in 1997 . After the 2006 World Cup, he was no longer appointed to the Seleção. After Ronaldo had ended his career in 2011, he got - five years after his last international match - a goodbye match of around 15 minutes. With his 98th international match, he drew level with Djalma Santos and is the player with the eighth most appearances for the Seleção.

Ronaldo has held a 51 percent stake in Real Valladolid since September 2018 and is president of the club.

Career as a player

Club career

Until 1997: Beginnings in Brazil and rise to superstar

Ronaldo began his football career at Tennis Clube Valqueire , a local futsal club in the Bento Ribeiro district , where he was born. At first he tried his hand at a goalkeeper , then switched to the storm due to a lack of playing time . At the age of 13 he joined the futsal club Social Ramos Club Bento Ribeiro . Two years later he moved to São Cristóvão and played on a large field from there. Through his performances he recommended himself on the one hand for the Brazilian U-17 national team and on the other hand aroused the interest of Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte , where he moved in 1993. In his first season in the Brazilian championship , he scored twelve goals in 14 games. There were also another 22 hits that he scored in the regional state championship of Minas Gerais (the Campeonato Mineiro ).

After making his international debut with the Brazilian national team in 1994 and taking part in the World Cup in the USA that same year , European clubs noticed him. Although the two Italian top clubs Juventus Turin and AC Milan were among them, he moved to the top Dutch club PSV Eindhoven for DM 9.5 million (€ 4.9 million) on the advice of his national team colleague Romário . At the time, this was the highest sum ever paid for a Brazilian player.

Ronaldo played for Eindhoven from 1994 to 1996 and became a very popular striker with 54 goals in 57 competitive games. As a result, he became interesting for many top European clubs and finally moved to FC Barcelona in 1996 for DM 30 million (€ 15 million) . Even though it only lasted a year with the Catalans , he was very successful there: In the final of the European Cup Winners' Cup , he scored the decisive 1-0 against defending champion Paris Saint-Germain and became the top scorer in the Primera División with 34 goals . During this time he was also voted FIFA World Player of the Year twice (1996 and 1997) and once (1997) Europe's Footballer of the Year - in both cases as the youngest player ever to receive the respective award.

1997–2002: Injury concerns

Ronaldo at the Cannes International Film Festival (1999)

For the 1997/98 season , Ronaldo moved to the traditional Italian club Inter Milan . The "Nerazzurri" hoped that his commitment would break the dominance of Juventus Turin and AC Milan in Serie A and thus win their first championship title since 1988/89 . This was worth the transfer fee of the equivalent of DM 50 million - one of the highest transfer fees in the world at the time. At the beginning of the season, the team with many stars (alongside Ronaldo, Youri Djorkaeff , Diego Simeone or Iván Zamorano ) was able to keep up with Juventus, but then lost more and more of the connection, so that at the end of the season "only" the runner-up championship as well as the victory in the UEFA Cup were achieved. Ronaldo himself finished second on the list of goalscorers behind Oliver Bierhoff , after having been the top scorer straight away in all the leagues in which he had played up until then. From the Italian press he got his nickname Il Fenomeno (German The Phenomenon , Portuguese O Fenômeno ).

The following season was catastrophic for Inter. In the championship they only reached eighth place and did not even qualify for the European Cup. Ronaldo had to deal with minor injuries for the first time this season and therefore only played 19 games in which he scored 14 goals. His bad luck with injuries continued in 1999/2000 when he seriously injured his right knee in November 1999 and had to break off the game because of pain on his comeback four months later after just six minutes. The ligaments were torn again in my right knee. In the meantime, the continuation of his still young career had to be doubted.

After 17 months of rehabilitation , he made another comeback on September 20, 2001 in the UEFA Cup against the Romanian club FC Brașov . With Ronaldo's support in the second half of the 2001/02 season (he scored seven goals in ten games), Inter retained the chance of winning the championship until the last matchday. With a 2: 4 on the last matchday against Lazio Rome , Inter lost the first place in the table to Juventus Turin.

2002-2007: Real Madrid

Ronaldo at Real Madrid .

Although he had once again presented himself as one of the world's best players at the World Cup, Ronaldo caused disappointment among the supporters of Inter Milan shortly after his return: Real Madrid , full of stars, wanted after Luís Figo (2000) and Zinédine Zidane (2001) the next superstar and released Ronaldo from his contract with Inter for 45 million euros. With Real Madrid he won the World Cup in the same year , where he was able to contribute one goal to the 2-0 victory for the "Royal" . He was also once again voted World and European Footballer of the Year.

Ronaldo's first season in Madrid was very successful. On the one hand he was the most accurate player of his club and was only outbid in the league by Roy Makaay and on the other hand his team won the Spanish championship for the 29th time . The following year he was able to win the Pichichi Trophy , the trophy of the Spanish top scorer, for the second time after 1997 . Real, on the other hand, did not win a title this year or the two following years, which for this star-studded team could be equated with a crisis, especially since the big rival from Barcelona was able to triumph in both the Spanish league and the Champions League at the same time.

From the 2006/07 season, the Brazilian was no longer able to assert himself properly in the club. He stayed in the league for 215 days without scoring and was eliminated from the starting line-up by the new coach Fabio Capello , who put more trust in the newly signed Ruud van Nistelrooy . On the side, the striker suffered further injuries.

2007–2008: AC Milan

At the end of January 2007, the 30-year-old Ronaldo decided to move back to Milan in the Italian Serie A. However, this time he was not hired by Inter, but by local rivals AC Milan - which further brought him into disrepute with the "Interisti" . At "Milan" he got more match practice and was able to celebrate goals again. However , he was not actively involved in the Champions League victory of the Milanese because he was not eligible to play (he had already played for Madrid in the Champions League this season).

The 2007/2008 season started with a setback for Ronaldo. After he sustained a thigh injury in July 2007, a calf injury followed during his comeback attempt, so that he was not available to his club for a total of six months. He was then associated with a move to Fenerbahçe Istanbul or Flamengo Rio de Janeiro . He also came under suspicion of doping due to a blood transfusion to speed up his thigh recovery. Nevertheless, he was able to convince on his comeback on January 13, 2008, when he scored twice in the league game against SSC Napoli and prepared another goal.

The comeback lasted only a month, however, because on February 13, 2008, Ronaldo was seriously injured again when he tore the patellar tendon in his left knee in the league match against AS Livorno . The attending doctors predicted a cure by November 2008 at the earliest. At the same time, new doping suspicions were raised against him or his previous clubs. According to his former coach at Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte, Nelinho , and the coordinator of the anti-doping committee of the Brazilian Football Association, Bernardino Santi, he was given anabolic steroids for muscle growth during his time at PSV Eindhoven . These treatments are also the main reason for Ronaldo's vulnerability to injury.

2008–2011: return to Brazil and resignation

Ronaldo (right) next to President Lula da Silva on his return to Brazil .

AC Milan then no longer extended Ronaldo's current contract, so that he was without a club on July 1, 2008. After going back to Rio de Janeiro to do his rehabilitation training there, Ronaldo signed a one-year contract with the Brazilian club Corinthians São Paulo in December 2008 . With Corinthians, he immediately won the state championship of São Paulo ( "Paulista" ) and the Copa do Brasil , the Brazilian cup competition. He himself was involved in winning the title with eight goals in ten games (national championship) and three goals in eight games (cup). In the Brazilian Série A, Corinthians reached tenth place as a climber, but qualified for the Copa Libertadores by winning the cup . Ronaldo has been used in 20 league games and scored twelve goals.

In the following year Corinthians could not defend the Paulista and was only sixth; Ronaldo scored three goals in nine games. The Brazilian Cup was also not defended, but because the team took part in the Copa Libertadores and was therefore not registered for the cup. There you got to the last sixteen and were eliminated against the Brazilian competitor Flamengo. Ronaldo scored three goals in seven games.

On February 14, 2011, Ronaldo resigned from professional football with immediate effect. He again explained the circumstances of his weight gain and the associated decline in performance in previous years: he was diagnosed with an underactive thyroid in 2007; this results in hypothyroidism (insufficient supply of thyroid hormones ) and the metabolism in the body is slowed down (often including weight gain), which is usually treated with thyroid hormones with medication. Unlike announced in 2007, drug treatment was not possible due to the doping regulations; Ronaldo did not explain the problem in more detail according to uniform media information. The treatment of hypothyroidism is not prohibited by the anti-doping rules, especially since a performance-enhancing effect of thyroid hormone administration has not been proven in any case, despite isolated opposing opinions (as of 2013). Thyroid hormones can influence testosterone levels , and the cyclist Floyd Landis , convicted of doping in 2006/2007, tried (unsuccessfully) to explain his unacceptably high testosterone levels through his thyroid treatment; In fact, there is no evidence that thyroid hormone treatment actually influences other values ​​so strongly that it would fall under the anti-doping rules as an increase in performance (see above, as of 2013).

National team career

Façade painting with Ronaldo (l.) & Ronaldinho in the Seleção jersey at the beginning of the Oberbaum Bridge in Berlin-Kreuzberg (2006)

Ronaldo's debut as a national team player was in the Brazilian U-17 team . With this he took part in the U-17 South American Championship in Colombia in 1993 and finished fourth. He played his first international match in the senior national team on March 23, 1994 in a friendly against Argentina . On May 4 of the same year he scored his first international goal in the game against Iceland . In the same year - at the age of only 17 - he was also in the squad for the national team at the World Cup in the USA . He was not used there in the offensive to Bebeto and Romário and thus had little share in winning the world title. In the following year, Ronaldo did not get beyond the role of a supplementary player. Although he took part with the national team in the UMBRO Cup - a friendship tournament in England - which was also won , he only played one game at the Copa America that took place in the same year . It was not until 1996 that he celebrated his first international successes when he won the bronze medal at the 1996 Olympic football tournament and was the third best shooter of the tournament after his strike partner Bebeto and the Argentine Hernán Crespo .

Then he established himself as an integral part of the national team. In 1997 he took part in the selection of the Tournoi de France , the Copa América and the Confederations Cup . The team won the last two tournaments. At this time, Ronaldo formed a very successful attacking duo with Romário , which was also referred to as the "ro-ro storm" . However, this duo was disbanded the following year when Romário injured himself shortly before the start of the 1998 World Cup in France ; by national coach Mário Zagallo he was then deleted from the squad against his will. Nevertheless, the Brazilian team was considered the favorite to win the title, but failed in the final due to the hosts . Ronaldo, who this time stormed alongside Bebeto, scored four goals. He performed poorly in the final after having had to be hospitalized on the day of the final under circumstances that have not yet been fully clarified due to a seizure. Afterwards, many players and experts cited the unrest surrounding Ronaldo as the reason for the defeat, as the professionals were significantly disturbed in their concentration. In addition, there were persistent rumors that Ronaldo should never have played and was only used under pressure from his sponsor. But both the players and the officials are mostly silent to this day on this explosive topic and gave no real information, not even before an official committee of inquiry. Nevertheless, Ronaldo was named the most valuable player in the World Cup by media representatives and received the Golden Ball .

“Eight or nine hours before the final, he had a convulsion in the hotel. A terrible scene, we thought he was going to die. (...) It was the doctors who examined him, found nothing and gave him the green light. (...) Suddenly things were wild in the cabin, we thought Ronaldo was risking his life - and we had prepared ourselves with Edmundo . I wouldn't say it's Ronaldo's fault that we lost the final. But from an emotional point of view we would have been more stable at this point if Edmundo had played. We weren't even at 50 percent. "

- Ronaldo's team-mate César Sampaio on the events leading up to the 1998 World Cup final

After losing the World Cup final, Ronaldo took an almost one year international break before returning to the "Seleção" at the 1999 Copa America . Together with Rivaldo , he led Brazil to another title win. A few months later, however, he suffered a serious knee injury, so that the international match against the Netherlands on October 9, 1999 was his last for almost two and a half years. It was not until March 27, 2002 that Ronaldo returned to the national team and - despite this long break - was immediately part of the squad for the 2002 World Cup in Japan and South Korea . At the tournament he celebrated an outstanding return, was the top scorer of the World Cup with eight goals in seven games and scored his team with two goals in the final against Germany, one of which was due to a mistake by the goalkeeper and best player of the tournament Oliver Kahn .

In the following years he did not participate in major national team tournaments and was therefore not part of the Brazilian squad at the Copa America 2004 or the Confederations Cup in 2003 and 2005 . His last major tournament was the 2006 World Cup in Germany . This was disappointing for Brazil. The team looked outdated, their top performers and stars outplayed. So the team was eliminated in the quarterfinals against France even after moderate performance. Ronaldo in particular met with severe criticism due to his physical condition. So he was accused of being too fat and too slow. Even the Brazilian head of state Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva asked the Brazilian national coach Carlos Alberto Parreira about Ronaldo's fitness level. Oddly enough, after a disappointing start, Ronaldo still scored three goals in four games, making him the sole record scorer of all world championships for eight years until Miroslav Klose replaced him at the 2014 World Cup . The quarter-final against France would be Ronaldo's last appearance in the Brazilian national shirt for over four years.

After Ronaldo ended his career on February 14, 2011, he got a farewell game with the Seleção on June 7, 2011 against Romania . In the game, which was played at the Estádio do Pacaembu in São Paulo, he came on in the 30th minute and played for the Brazilian national team for the last time until half-time. During the break he said goodbye to the spectators with a lap of honor.

Career as a functionary

In September 2018, Ronaldo acquired a 51 percent stake in Real Valladolid and became president of the club.

Special

• At the beginning of his career, Ronaldo was also called Ronaldinho ("little Ronaldo"), since at that time Ronaldo Rodrigues de Jesus was already playing a Ronaldo in the national team. For better distinction, de Jesus was also called Ronaldão ("great Ronaldo"). In 1999, Ronaldo de Assis Moreira , also known as Ronaldinho , completed his first international match, this is called Ronaldinho Gaúcho in Brazil for differentiation .
• After his career, Ronaldo is also referred to as the real Ronaldo to distinguish it from Cristiano Ronaldo .
• Ronaldo has a lifetime advertising contract with sporting goods supplier Nike . At the age of 18 he signed a contract with Nike for an initial ten years, which at the time brought him 28 million German marks.
• In the episode Marge Online of the 18th Simpsons season, he has a guest appearance, which he spoke himself.
• Since 2003, Ronaldo jointly organized with Zinedine Zidane for the development program of the United Nations (UNDP), the Match Against Poverty in.

Private

Ronaldo (2019)

Ronaldo was born in the suburb of Bento Ribeiro of Rio de Janeiro - a neighborhood of the lower middle class - as the third son of the couple Nélio Nazário de Lima and Sônia dos Santos Barata. His parents worked for a Brazilian telephone company, ensuring that all three children could attend private school. Another of Ronaldo's family members, his cousin Igor Nazário de Lima, was killed in an attack on a group of people in Rio de Janeiro in December 2007.

Ronaldo was married to the Brazilian model and soccer player Milene Domingues from 1999 to 2003 . His son Ronald, born on April 6, 2000, comes from the marriage. After that he was engaged to the Brazilian model Daniella Cicarelli, who is also a Brazilian MTV presenter. For the symbolic wedding of the couple (an official wedding was requested too late), a castle was specially rented and the entire Real Madrid football team flown in. The marriage remained childless. Daniella became pregnant, but suffered a miscarriage in April 2005 in the third month of her pregnancy. On May 11, 2005, the two announced their separation. After that, he was in a relationship with the Brazilian model Raica Oliveira for a while. In December 2008 he became a father for the second time. His fiancée Maria Beatriz Antony gave birth to a daughter.

On November 10, 2005, Ronaldo took the oath on the Spanish constitution and since then has both Brazilian and Spanish citizenship . In December 2010, Ronaldo announced on Twitter that he had become the father of an illegitimate son. The mother met Ronaldo in Tokyo during the 2002 World Cup and met her two years later in Tokyo. She lives with the child in Singapore .

Titles, awards and records

society

• European Cup Winners' Cup (1): 1997
• UEFA Cup (1): 1998
• World Cup (1): 2002
• UEFA Super Cup (2): 2002 , 2007
• Spanish Championship (1): 2003
• Spanish Cup (1): 1997
• Spanish Supercup (2): 1996, 2003
• Dutch Cup (1): 1996
• Brazilian Cup (2): 1993 , 2009
• Minas Gerais State Championship (1): 1994
• State Championship of São Paulo (1): 2009

National team

• World Champion (2): 1994 (without use), 2002
• Copa America (2): 1997 , 1999
• Confed Cup Winner (1): 1997
• Olympic bronze medal (1): 1996

Awards

• FIFA World Player of the Year (3): 1996, 1997, 2002
• Europe's Footballer of the Year (2): 1997, 2002
• World Soccer Player of the Year (3): 1997, 1998, 2002
• Best Copa América Player (1): 1997
• Best foreign player in the Primera División (Don Balón) (1): 1997
• Best foreign player in the Primera División (El País) (1): 1997
• Golden Ball of the World Cup (1): 1998
• All-Star team of the World Cup (2): 1998, 2002
• UEFA Player of the Year (1): 1998
• UEFA Forward of the Year (1): 1998
• Italy's Footballer of the Year (1): 1998
• Best foreign Serie A player (1): 1998
• UEFA Team of the Year (1): 2002
• Laureus World Sports Awards (1): Comeback of 2003
• FIFA 100 (1): 2004
• Top scorer (7):
  • 1996 in the Netherlands
  • 1997 and 2004 in Spain
  • 1997 Europe's top scorer
  • 1997 world goalscorer
  • 1999 at the Copa America
  • 2002 gold shoe of the world championship

Records

• Brazilian top scorer in soccer world championships (15 goals in 19 games in 3 world championships)

Web links

Commons : Ronaldo  - Collection of Images

• Official website. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on December 20, 2010 ; accessed on May 13, 2015 . 
• Ronaldo in the database of weltfussball.de
• Ronaldo in the database of fussballdaten.de
• Player profile ( memento from 20091011092439)
• www.rsssf.com , listing of all of Ronaldo's international matches
• www.kicker.de , statistics
• Literature by and about Ronaldo in the catalog of the German National Library

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Ronaldo. In: brasil-treff.com. Alexander Zirkelbach, accessed February 5, 2009 . 
2. ↑ Eindhoven has Brazil's Ronaldo. In: Berliner Zeitung . Berliner Verlag GmbH, August 4, 1994, accessed on March 24, 2009 . 
3. ↑ ^{a b} Ronaldo. In: whoswho.de. rasscass Medien und Content Verlag, accessed on February 5, 2009 . 
4. ↑ Brazil's Ronaldo Has the World at His Feet , washingtonpost.com, June 4, 1998, accessed April 24, 2020.
5. ↑ Player portrait - 9 - Ronaldo. In: www.brasilweggis.blogspot.com. June 2, 2006, accessed February 12, 2009 . 
6. ↑ Ronaldo is out for a month. In: kicker sports magazine . Olympia-Verlag GmbH, November 10, 2006, accessed on February 12, 2009 . 
7. ↑ Perfect! Ronaldo to Milan. In: kicker sports magazine . Olympia-Verlag GmbH, January 29, 2007, accessed on February 12, 2009 . 
8. ↑ Change your tree - don't you ?! (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on August 11, 2007 ; accessed on May 13, 2015 . 
9. ↑ Investigations against Ronaldo? In: kicker sports magazine . Olympia-Verlag GmbH, September 11, 2007, accessed on February 12, 2009 . 
10. ↑ Brief passes: Ronaldo's dream comeback, Lehmann beats Almunia . On: spiegel.de , January 14, 2008. Retrieved May 13, 2015.
11. ↑ Tom Mustroph: Ronaldo on his knees. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . Neue Zürcher Zeitung AG, February 17, 2008, accessed on February 12, 2009 . 
12. ↑ Philipp Reich: "I do not know whether I will continue". In: 20 minutes . November 19, 2008, accessed February 12, 2009 . sid : Ronaldo continues his career. In: Focus . TOMORROW FOCUS Portal GmbH, December 9, 2008, accessed on February 12, 2009 . 
     
13. ^ AP (August 24, 2007). Ronaldo's weight problems occur due to hypothyroidism. Printed in the English edition of Pravda (accessed January 25, 2015)
14. ↑ Ronaldo breaks up. In: Express . February 14, 2011, accessed September 24, 2012 . Jens Glüsing: Ronaldo's career ended: The phenomenon gives up. Spiegel Online , February 15, 2011, accessed February 16, 2011 . Tatiana Ramil (February 14, 2011). Former Brazil striker Ronaldo calls it a day. Reuters (accessed January 25, 2015) (February 14, 2011). Brazil soccer legend Ronaldo retires. CNN (accessed January 25, 2015) 
     
    
    
15. ^ Sara Germano & Kevin Clark (April 10, 2013). US Track's Unconventional Physician. Wall Street Journal (accessed January 25, 2015)
16. ↑ z. B. While thyroid hormones do stimulate the metabolism (along with the appetite, which is why Garber says they make "a terrible weight-loss drug"), they're not currently banned by athletic authorities. “Hypothyroidism treatment is not prohibited under the 2013 Prohibited Substances and Methods List as there is currently no evidence of performance enhancement,” World Anti-Doping Agency spokesperson Julie Masse wrote in an email. Roxanne Palmer (April 16, 2013). Hypothyroidism In Star Athletes: Undiagnosed Epidemic, Hormonal Gray Area Or Cloaked Doping? International Business Times (accessed January 25, 2015)
17. ↑ HC Ford, RR Cooke, EA Keightley, CM Feek: Serum levels of free and bound testosterone in hyperthyroidism. In: Clinical endocrinology. Volume 36, Number 2, February 1992, pp. 187-192. PMID 1568351 .
18. ^ Sal Ruibal (July 30, 2006). From spotlight to suspicion: Landis' drug test a blow to cycling. USA Today (accessed January 25, 2015)
19. ^ Josef Bobrowsky: Umbro Cup 1995. In: rsssf.com. Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation, July 30, 1999, accessed February 11, 2009 . 
20. ^ Macario Reyes: XXV. Olympiad Atlanta 1996 Mens Football Tournament. In: rsssf.com. Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation, November 21, 1999, accessed February 12, 2009 . 
21. ↑ A syringe slowed Ronaldo in the 98 World Cup final. In: Berliner Zeitung . Berliner Verlag GmbH, January 14, 2002, accessed on February 12, 2009 . 
22. ↑ "We thought he was going to die": What happened to Ronaldo before the World Cup final? , kicker.de, April 26, 2020, accessed on April 29, 2020.
23. ↑ Ulrike John and Emilio Rappold: Is Ronaldo too fat? In: Der Tagesspiegel . Verlag Der Tagesspiegel GmbH, June 9, 2006, accessed on February 11, 2015 . 
24. ↑ The most successful goal scorers in World Cup history. Football World Cup total, July 2010.
25. ↑ Brazil: Big farewell for Ronaldo. Berliner Zeitung, June 8, 2011, archived from the original on November 16, 2011 ; Retrieved June 8, 2011 . 
26. ↑ Ronaldo Nazário, nuevo accionista mayoritario del Real Valladolid , realvalladolid.es, September 3, 2018, accessed on September 3, 2018.
27. ↑ Ball whispers - why a name? . fifa.com. Retrieved February 18, 2015.
28. ↑ When the real Ronaldo flitted away from the world , sueddeutsche.de, September 22, 2016, accessed on April 24, 2020.
29. ↑ Advertising company or football? That's what the “real” Ronaldo does today , businessinsider.de, September 20, 2016, accessed on April 24, 2020.
30. ↑ Briefly noted. In: Berliner Zeitung . Berliner Verlag GmbH, January 18, 1997, accessed on March 24, 2009 . 
31. ↑ Jens Glüsing: Blondes and nonsense. In: Der Spiegel . SPIEGEL ONLINE GmbH, June 8, 2005, accessed on February 13, 2009 . 
32. ↑ Ronaldo cousin shot. In: www.n-tv.de. n-tv Nachrichtenfernsehen GmbH, December 23, 2007, accessed on February 13, 2009 . 
33. ↑ Well-known. In: Berliner Morgenpost . Ullstein GmbH, November 14, 2003, accessed on February 13, 2009 . 
34. ↑ Later Ronaldo. In: Berliner Zeitung . Berliner Verlag GmbH, February 12, 2005, accessed on February 13, 2009 . 
35. ↑ Ronaldo solo again - after 86 days. In: Berliner Zeitung . Berliner Verlag GmbH, accessed on February 13, 2009 . 
36. ↑ Well-known. In: Berliner Morgenpost . Ullstein GmbH, July 5, 2005, accessed on February 13, 2009 . 
37. ↑ Ronaldo has a Christ Child. In: Focus . TOMORROW FOCUS Portal GmbH, December 25, 2008, accessed on February 13, 2009 . 
38. ↑ Reals Ronaldo receives dual citizenship. In: Handelsblatt . ECONOMY.ONE GmbH, November 10, 2005, accessed on February 13, 2009 . 
39. ↑ Another child for footballer Ronaldo. WAZ , December 8, 2010, accessed February 16, 2011 .