September 8
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September 8 is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 114 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
- 70 - Titus, General of Rome, sacks Jerusalem. See also: Destruction of Jerusalem.
- 1273 - Election of Pope John XXI.
- 1331 - Stefan Dušan declares himself king of Serbia
- 1380 - Battle of Kulikovo - Russian forces defeat a mixed army of Tatars and Mongols, stopping their advance.
- 1449 - Battle of Tumu Fortress - Mongolians capture the Chinese emperor.
- 1504 - Michelangelo's David is unveiled in Florence.
- 1514 - Battle of Orsha - In one of the biggest battles of the century, Lithuanians and Poles defeat the Russian army.
- 1565 - Pedro Menéndez de Avilés settles St. Augustine, Florida.
- 1565 - The Knights of Malta lift the Turkish siege of Malta (the Siege of Malta started on May 18).
- 1727 - A barn fire during a puppet show in the village of Burwell in Cambridgeshire, England kills 78 people, many of whom are children.
- 1755 - French and Indian War: Battle of Lake George.
- 1756 - French and Indian War: Kittanning Expedition.
- 1793 - French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of Hondschoote.
- 1796 - French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of Bassano - French forces defeat Austrian troops at Bassano del Grappa.
- 1810 - The Tonquin sets sail from New York Harbor with 33 employees of John Jacob Astor's newly created Pacific Fur Company on board. After a six-month journey around the tip of South America, the ship arrived at the mouth of the Columbia River and Astor's men established fur-trading town of Astoria, Oregon.
- 1831 - William IV was crowned King of Great Britain.
- 1863 - American Civil War: Second Battle of Sabine Pass - On the Texas-Louisiana border at the mouth of the Sabine River, a small Confederate force thwarts a Union invasion of Texas.
- 1888 - In London, the body of Jack the Ripper's second murder victim, Annie Chapman, is found.
- 1888 - In England the first six Football League matches ever are played.
- 1900 - Galveston Hurricane of 1900: a powerful hurricane hits Galveston, Texas killing about 8,000 people.
- 1914 - World War I: Private Thomas Highgate becomes the first British soldier to be executed for desertion during the war.
- 1921 - 16-year-old Margaret Gorman won the Atlantic City Pageant's Golden Mermaid trophy; pageant officials later dubbed her the first Miss America.
- 1923 - Honda Point Disaster: Nine US Navy destroyers run aground off the California coast. Seven are lost.
- 1926 - Germany was admitted to the League of Nations.
- 1930 - 3M begins marketing Scotch transparent tape.
- 1934 - Off the New Jersey coast, a fire aboard the passenger liner SS Morro Castle kills 135 people.
- 1935 - US Senator from Louisiana, Huey Long, nicknamed "Kingfish," is fatally shot in the Louisiana capitol building.
- 1941 - World War II: Siege of Leningrad begins. German forces begin a siege against the Soviet Union's second-largest city, Leningrad. Stalin orders the Volga Deutsche deported to Siberia.
- 1943 - World War II: Julius Fučík is executed by Nazis.
- 1943 - World War II: The O.B.S. (German General Headquarters for the Mediterranean zone) in Frascati was bombed by USAAF.
- 1943 - World War II: United States General Dwight D. Eisenhower publicly announces the Allied armistice with Italy.
- 1944 - World War II: London is hit by a V2 rocket for the first time.
- 1944 - World War II: Menton is liberated from Germany.
- 1945 - Cold War: United States troops arrive to partition the southern part of Korea in response to Soviet troops occupying the northern part of the peninsula a month earlier.
- 1951 - Treaty of San Francisco: In San Francisco, California, 48 nations sign a peace treaty with Japan in formal recognition of the end of the Pacific War.
- 1954 - The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) is established.
- 1960 - In Huntsville, Alabama, US President Dwight D. Eisenhower formally dedicates the Marshall Space Flight Center (NASA had already activated the facility on July 1).
- 1962 - Newly independent, Algeria, by referendum, adopts a Constitution.
- 1962 - Last run of the famous Pines Express over the Somerset and Dorset Railway line (UK) fittingly using the last steam locomotive built by British Railways 9F locomotive 92220 'Evening Star'
- 1966 - "The Man Trap", the first episode of the science fiction television series Star Trek airs.
- 1966 - The Severn Bridge was officially opened by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II
- 1967 - The formal end of steam traction in the North East of England by British Railways.
- 1970 - Hijacking (and subsequent destruction) of three airliners to Jordan by Palestinians; the events to follow would later become known as Black September
- 1971 - In Washington, DC, the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts is inaugurated, with the opening feature being the premiere of Leonard Bernstein's Mass.
- 1974 - Watergate Scandal: US President Gerald Ford pardons former President Richard Nixon for any crimes Nixon may have committed while in office.
- 1974 - Evel Knievel's attempt to jump the Snake River Canyon at Twin Falls, Idaho, fails after a parachute prematurely deploys on his "sky cycle."
- 1975 - Gays in the military: US Air Force Tech Sergeant Leonard Matlovich, a decorated veteran of the Vietnam War, appears in his Air Force uniform on the cover of Time magazine with the headline (printed in all uppercase) "I Am A Homosexual." He is later given a general discharge.
- 1986 - The first Oprah Winfrey Show airs.
- 1991 - Republic of Macedonia becomes independent.
- 1994 - A USAir Boeing 737 crashes in Hopewell Township, Pennsylvania, near the city of Aliquippa.
- 1998 - At Busch Stadium in St. Louis, Missouri, Mark McGwire breaks Roger Maris' 1961 record of 61 home runs hit in a single season.
- 1999 - US Attorney General Janet Reno names former US Senator John Danforth to head an independent investigation of the 1993 fire at the Branch Davidian church near Waco, Texas in response to revelations in the film Waco: The Rules of Engagement contradicting the official government stories.
- 2000 - The Republic of Albania officially joins the World Trade Organization.
- 2001 - Durban, South Africa hosts the World Conference against Racism.
- 2003 - Brianna LaHara, a 12-year-old U.S. schoolgirl, is sued by the RIAA for sharing music illegally.
- 2004 - The NASA unmanned spacecraft Genesis crash-lands when its parachute fails to open.
- 2005 - Two EMERCOM Il-76 aircraft land at a disaster aid staging area at Little Rock AFB. This marks the first time Russia has flown such a mission to North America.
Births
- 801 - Ansgar, German Catholic archbishop (d. 865)
- 828 - Ali al-Hadi, Shia Imam (d. 868)
- 1157 - King Richard I of England (d. 1199)
- 1207 - King Sancho II of Portugal (d. 1248)
- 1271 - Charles Martel d'Anjou, son of Charles II of Naples (d. 1295)
- 1380 - Saint Bernardino of Siena, Italian Franciscan missionary (d. 1444)
- 1474 - Ludovico Ariosto, Italian poet (d. 1533)
- 1515 - Alfonso Salmeron, Spanish Jesuit biblical scholar (d. 1585)
- 1588 - Marin Mersenne, French mathematician (d. 1648)
- 1611 - Johann Friedrich Gronovius, German classical scholar (d. 1671)
- 1621 - Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé, French general (d. 1686)
- 1633 - Ferdinand IV of Germany (d. 1654)
- 1672 - Nicolas de Grigny, French organist and composer (d. 1703)
- 1749 - Gabrielle de Polastron, comtesse de Polignac, French aristocrat (d. 1793)
- 1749 - Marie-Louise, Princesse de Lamballe, French aristocrat (d. 1792)
- 1778 - Clemens Brentano, German poet (d. 1842)
- 1783 - Nicolai Grundtvig, Danish writer and philosopher (d. 1872)
- 1804 - Eduard Mörike, German poet (d. 1875)
- 1814 - Charles-Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg, French writer and historian (d. 1874)
- 1824 - Jaime Nunó, Spanish composer (d. 1908)
- 1828 - Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, American Civil War soldier (d. 1914)
- 1830 - Frédéric Mistral, French poet, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1914)
- 1841 - Antonín Dvořák, Czech composer (d. 1904)
- 1841 - Charles J. Guiteau, Assassin of President Garfield (d. 1882)
- 1852 - Emperor Gwangmu of Korea (d. 1919)
- 1857 - Georg Michaelis, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1936)
- 1873 - David O. McKay, ninth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1970)
- 1881 - Harry Hillman, American athlete (d. 1945)
- 1884 - Théodore Pilette, Belgian racing driver (d. 1921)
- 1886 - Siegfried Sassoon, English poet (d. 1967)
- 1887 - Prince George of Yugoslavia (d. 1972)
- 1889 - Robert Alphonso Taft, U.S. Senator from Ohio (d. 1953)
- 1895 - Sara García, Mexican actress (d. 1980)
- 1896 - Howard Dietz, American lyricist and librettist (d. 1983)
- 1897 - Jimmie Rodgers, American singer and composer (d. 1933)
- 1901 - Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd, Prime Minister of South Africa (d. 1966)
- 1910 - Jean-Louis Barrault, French actor and director (d. 1994)
- 1914 - Sir Denys Lasdun, English architect (d. 2001)
- 1915 - Frank Cady, American actor
- 1918 - Derek Harold Richard Barton, British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
- 1919 - Gianni Brera, (Giovanni Luigi Brera), Italian journalist and writer (d. 1992)
- 1921 - Harry Secombe, Welsh entertainer (d. 2001)
- 1922 - Sid Caesar, American comedian
- 1922 - Lyndon LaRouche, American politician
- 1924 - Mimi Parent, Canadian painter (d. 2005)
- 1924 - Marie-Claire Kirkland, Quebec politician
- 1924 - Grace Metalious, American novelist (d. 1964)
- 1925 - Peter Sellers, English actor (d. 1980)
- 1927 - Harlan Howard, American country music songwriter (d. 2002)
- 1929 - Christoph von Dohnanyi, German conductor
- 1930 - Nguyen Cao Ky, Premier of South Vietnam
- 1930 - Mario Adorf, film and stage actor
- 1930 - Robert W. Firestone, Author, Artist, Clinical Psychologist
- 1932 - Patsy Cline, American singer (d. 1963)
- 1933 - Michael Frayn, British playwright
- 1933 - Eric Salzman, American composer
- 1933 - Paul M. Fleiss, American pediatrician; father of Heidi Fleiss
- 1933 - Asha Bhonsle, Indian Singer; sister ofLata Mangeshkar
- 1934 - Peter Maxwell Davies, British composer
- 1934 - Rodrigue Biron, Quebec politician
- 1937 - Virna Lisi, Italian actress
- 1937 - Barbara Frum, news anchor for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (d. 1992)
- 1937 - Sam Nunn, American politician
- 1939 - Carsten Keller, German field hockey player
- 1939 - Guitar Shorty, American blues guitarist
- 1941 - Bernie Sanders, American politician
- 1942 - Brian Cole, American bass guitar player (The Association) (d. 1972)
- 1943 - Adelaide C. Eckardt, American politician
- 1944 - Terry Jenner, Australian cricketer
- 1945 - Ron Pigpen McKernan, American musician (the Grateful Dead) (d. 1973)
- 1945 - Rogie Vachon, Canadian ice hockey goaltender
- 1947 - Ann Beattie, American writer
- 1947 - Valery Afanassiev, Russian pianist
- 1947 - Benjamin Orr, American bassist (The Cars) (d. 2000)
- 1950 - Zachary Richard, Louisiana singer and songwriter
- 1951 - Nikos Karvelas, Greek composer
- 1954 - Mark Foley, American politician
- 1956 - Frank Tovey, British musician (d. 2002)
- 1957 - Heather Thomas, American actress
- 1958 - Michael Lardie, American guitarist/keyboardist
- 1958 - Mitsuru Miyamoto, Japanese voice actor
- 1959 - Daler Nazarov, Tajik composer and actor
- 1960 - Aimee Mann, American musician
- 1960 - Stefano Casiraghi, Italian businessman; husband of Princess Caroline of Monaco (d. 1990)
- 1962 - Sergio Casal, Spanish tennis player
- 1962 - Christopher Klim, American novelist
- 1962 - Thomas Kretschmann, German actor
- 1963 - Li Ning, Chinese gymnast
- 1963 - Brad Silberling, American television and film director
- 1964 - Michael Johns, American business executive
- 1964 - Scott Levy, American professional wrestler
- 1964 - Joachim Nielsen, Norwegian musician (d. 2000)
- 1966 - Carola, Swedish singer
- 1966 - Peter Furler, Christian musician (Newsboys)
- 1967 - Kimberly Peirce, American film director
- 1969 - Gary Speed, Welsh footballer
- 1969 - Oswaldo Ibarra, Ecuadorian footballer
- 1969 - Lars Bohinen, Norwegian footballer
- 1970 - Neko Case, American musician
- 1970 - Latrell Sprewell, American basketball player
- 1970 - Yuji Nishizawa, Japanese hijacker
- 1971 - Brooke Burke, American model
- 1971 - Daniel Petrov, Bulgarian boxer
- 1971 - David Arquette, American actor
- 1971 - Martin Freeman, English actor
- 1971 - Pierre Sévigny, French Canadian ice hockey player
- 1972 - Lisa Kennedy, American television personality
- 1972 - Markus Babbel, German footballer
- 1972 - Tomokazu Seki, Japanese voice actor
- 1973 - Khamis Al-Owairan, Saudi Arabian footballer
- 1974 - Braulio Luna, Mexican footballer
- 1975 - Richard Hughes, English musician, (Keane)
- 1975 - Elena Likhovtseva, Russian tennis player
- 1975 - Larenz Tate, American Actor
- 1975 - Lee Eul-Yong, South Korean footballer
- 1976 - Sjeng Schalken, Dutch former tennis player
- 1976 - Gerald Drummond, Costa Rican footballer
- 1976 - Jervis Drummond, Costa Rican footballer
- 1977 - Jay McKee, hockey player
- 1978 - Gerard Autet, Spanish footballer
- 1978 - Gil Meche, baseball player
- 1979 - Pink, American singer
- 1980 - Teruyuki Moniwa, Japanese footballer
- 1981 - Morten Gamst Pedersen, Norwegian footballer
- 1981 - Jonathan Taylor Thomas, American actor
- 1983 - Wali Lundy, American football player
- 1983 - Diego Benaglio, Swiss-Italian footballer
- 1983 - Will Blalock, American basketball player
- 1983 - Chris Judd, Australian football player, Norm Smith medallist
- 1983 - Lewis Roberts-Thompson, Australian football player
- 1984 - Vitaly Petrov, Russian racing driver
- 1986 - João Moutinho, Sporting Lisbon midfielder
- 1992 - Phillip Sullivan, AntropoX Lead Guitarist
- 1996 - Krystal Reyes, Filipina actress
- 1997 - Kimberlea Berg, English actress
Deaths
- 701 - Pope Sergius I
- 780 - Leo IV, Byzantine Emperor
- 1397 - Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester.
- 1425 - King Charles III of Navarre (b. 1361)
- 1539 - John Stokesley, English churchman
- 1603 - George Carey, 2nd Baron Hunsdon, English politician (b. 1547)
- 1613 - Carlo Gesualdo, Italian composer (b. 1566)
- 1637 - Robert Fludd, English mystic (b. 1574)
- 1645 - John Coke, English politician (b. 1563)
- 1644 - Francis Quarles, English poet (b. 1592)
- 1645 - Francisco de Quevedo, Spanish writer (b. 1580)
- 1656 - Joseph Hall, English bishop and writer (b. 1574)
- 1675 - Amalia of Solms-Braunfels, countess of Solms-Braunfels (b. 1602)
- 1682 - Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz, Spanish writer (b. 1606)
- 1721 - Michael Brokoff, Czech sculptor (b. 1686)
- 1739 - Yuri Troubetzkoy, Governor of Belgorod (b. 1668)
- 1755 - Ephraim Williams, American philanthropist (b. 1715)
- 1761 - Bernard Forest de Bélidor, French engineer (b. 1698)
- 1780 - Enoch Poor, American Continental Army general (b. 1736)
- 1784 - Ann Lee, American religious leader (b. 1736)
- 1811 - Peter Simon Pallas, German zoologist (b. 1741)
- 1853 - Frédéric Ozanam, founder of the Society of Saint Vincent de Paul (b. 1813)
- 1882 - Joseph Liouville, French mathematician (b. 1809)
- 1888 - Annie Chapman, widely believed to be the second victim of Jack the Ripper (b. 1841)
- 1894 - Hermann von Helmholtz, German physician (b. 1821)
- 1933 - King Faysal I of Iraq (b. 1883)
- 1943 - Julius Fucik, Czech journalist (executed) (b. 1903)
- 1948 - Thomas Mofolo, Lesotho writer (b. 1876)
- 1949 - Richard Strauss, German composer (b. 1864)
- 1965 - Dorothy Dandridge, American actress (b. 1922)
- 1965 - Hermann Staudinger, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1881)
- 1969 - Bud Collyer, American television game show host (b. 1908)
- 1969 - Alexandra David-Néel, French explorer and writer (b. 1868)
- 1977 - Zero Mostel, American actor (b. 1915)
- 1979 - Jean Seberg, American actress (b. 1938)
- 1980 - Willard Libby, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1908)
- 1981 - Roy Wilkins, American civil rights activist (b. 1901)
- 1981 - Hideki Yukawa, Japanese physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1907)
- 1983 - Antonin Magne, French cyclist (b. 1904)
- 1985 - John Franklin Enders, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1887)
- 1991 - Alex North, American composer (b. 1910)
- 2002 - Laurie Williams, West Indian cricketer (b. 1968)
- 2003 - Jaclyn Linetsky, Canadian voice actress (b. 1986)
- 2003 - Leni Riefenstahl, German film director (b. 1902)
- 2004 - Frank Thomas, American animator (b. 1913)
- 2005 - Noel Cantwell, Irish cricketer and footballer (b. 1932)
- 2006 - Hilda Bernstein, English-born South African author, artist, and activist (b. 1915)
- 2006 - Peter Brock, Australian racecar driver and TV personality (rally accident) (b. 1945)
- 2006 - Frank Middlemass, actor (b. 1919)
- 2006 - Erk Russell, American football coach (b. 1923)
Holidays and observances
- 1551 - The foundation day in Vitória, Brazil
- Andorra - National day: Mare de Deu de Meritxell.
- Pakistan - Defence Day (Pak-Naval Day)
- Bahá'í Faith - Feast of 'Izzat (Might) - First day of the tenth month of the Bahá'í calendar.
- Republic of Macedonia - Independence day (from Yugoslavia, 1991).
- Malta - Feast of Our Lady of Victories (il-Vittorja); anniversary of the 1565 victory of the Knights of Malta over the Ottoman Empire; anniversary of the 1943 surrender of Italy to the Allied forces, marking the end of World War II hostilities on Malta.
- Fiestas de Santa Fe in New Mexico, USA.
- International Literacy Day
- Rhodri Day in Jersey, Channel Islands
- International Goose and Geese Day
Religious feasts
References
- ^ *Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. The Penguin Dictionary of Saints. 3rd edition. New York: Penguin Books, 1993. ISBN 0-140-51312-4.