Lausanne

Lausanne
State :	Switzerland
Canton :	Vaud (VD)
District :	Lausanne
BFS no. :	5586
Postal code :	1000-1018
UN / LOCODE :	CH LAU
Coordinates :	538 291  /  152330 coordinates: 46 ° 31 '10 "  N , 6 ° 38' 4"  O ; CH1903:  five hundred and thirty-eight thousand two hundred and ninety-one  /  152330
Height :	495  m above sea level M.
Height range :	372–930 m above sea level M.
Area :	41.38  km²
Residents:	139,111 (December 31, 2018)
Population density :	3362 inhabitants per km²
Proportion of foreigners : (residents without citizenship )	42.6% (December 31, 2,019)
Unemployment rate :	5.9% (September 30, 2,017)
City President :	Grégoire Junod ( SP )
Website:	www.lausanne.ch
Lausanne (Montriond)
Location of the municipality

Lausanne [ lɔˈzan ] ( German outdated also Lausannen and Losanen, Franco-Provençal Losena [ lɔˈzəna ], Italian and Romansh Losanna ) is a political municipality , the capital of the Swiss canton of Vaud and the capital of the district of Lausanne . The city is located in French-speaking Switzerland (French-speaking Switzerland) on Lake Geneva and with 139'111 inhabitants is the fourth largest city in Switzerland after Zurich , Geneva and Basel .

Lausanne is part of the Geneva-Lausanne metropolitan region with 1.3 million inhabitants and an important economic, cultural and educational center as well as an important transport hub in western Switzerland . With 42.6 percent foreigners (residents without citizenship ), Lausanne, alongside Geneva , is one of the Swiss cities with a high proportion of foreigners.

The Federal Supreme Court (BGer) has its seat in Lausanne, as well as the International Sports Court (TAS) and the Swiss Film Archive . In addition, various world sports federations, including the International Olympic Committee (IOC), have their headquarters in Lausanne . Since 1994 the city has had the official title of “Olympic Capital”.

geography

location

View of Lausanne

Lausanne is located in the Vaud Central Plateau , on the slopes of the northern shores of Lake Geneva, divided by several valleys . The Louve and Flon streams, which are now largely covered, meet in the area of ​​the city center . The city center is divided by its valleys into the three hills Cité, Le Bourg and Saint-Laurent .

The area of ​​the 41.4 km² municipal area covers a section of the Waadtländer Mittelland north of Lake Geneva. In its southern part, the municipality includes the densely populated slope of Lausanne, bounded by the mouths of the two rivers Chamberonne (in the west) and Vuachère (in the east) into Lake Geneva. From the at 372  m above sea level. M. located Lakeshore extends the urban area over the flat, m depending on the location to 500 wide shoreline strips north up the slope up to the high areas of La Blécherette ( 620  m above sea level. M. ), in the forest area Bois de Sauvabelin ( 663  m above sea . M. ) and on the terrace of Vennes (up to 700  m above sea level ). The city center lies at an altitude of 495  m above sea level. M.

From this main part of the urban area, a narrow strip extends northeast over the slope of Montblesson between the valleys of Flon Morand and Chandelar, both in the catchment area of ​​the Paudèze , to the plateaus of the Jorat . This is where the Col du Chalet-à-Gobet pass ( 873  m above sea level ) of the main Lausanne-Moudon road is located. This is followed by the extensive forest area of ​​the Bois du Jorat to the north , in which there are only a few small clearing islands ( Chalet des Enfants, Chalet Boverat, Les Saugealles and Moille Saugeon ). The highest point in the city of Lausanne is also the highest point of the Jorat ( 929  m above sea level ). The watershed runs over the Jorat plateau between the catchment areas of the Rhone in the south and the Rhine in the north. The northernmost part of the urban area includes the headwaters and the upper reaches of the Talent River , which belongs to the catchment area of ​​the Rhine.

Lausanne also has an exclave in the Vernand area . This is limited to the west and north by the valley of the Mèbre (a tributary of the Chamberonne), which is sunk into the plateau, and includes the Bois de Vernand forest and the Vernand industrial and commercial area.

In 1997, 42.9% of the municipal area was in settlements, 39.6% in forests and woodlands, 17.3% in agriculture and 0.2% in unproductive land.

City structure

→ Main article : List of districts of Lausanne

Quarters of Lausanne

Quartier Flon

The city center of Lausanne includes the La Cité, Le Bourg, La Palud, Saint-Laurent and Le Pont quarters . Until the middle of the 19th century, these areas formed the actual city of Lausanne. After that, the city continued to expand, and the surrounding former villages and hamlets were incorporated into the urban area or became residential quarters. These include: Ouchy , Vidy and Cour near the lake shore, Malley on the lowest terrace west of the city, La Blécherette and Bellevaux on the plateau north of the city, Chailly ( 570  m above sea level ) in a basin of the Vuachère, La Sallaz ( 616  m ), Vennes and Rovéréaz on the slopes east of the valley of the Flon.

Almost the entire slope of Lausanne is built over today, but has some larger open spaces (parks, small forest areas). The settlement area of ​​Lausanne has seamlessly merged with those of Chavannes-près-Renens, Renens, Prilly, Le Mont-sur-Lausanne, Epalinges and Pully.

The hamlets of Montblesson ( 737  m above sea level ) on the slope east of the Flon Morand, Vers-chez-les-Blancs ( 837  m above sea level ), La Vulliette ( 850  m above sea level ) also belong in the rural northern urban area, which has meanwhile also been partially supplemented by new housing developments m above sea level ) and Le Chalet-à-Gobet ( 861  m above sea level ) on the Jorat plateau and in the far north Montheron ( 723  m above sea level ) and La Râpe ( 711  m above sea level ) am Talent , La Bérallaz ( 737  m above sea level ) south and Chalet Marin ( 736  m above sea level ) north of the valley section of the Talent in Lausanne. The Vernand exclave includes the hamlets of Vernand-Dessus ( 645  m above sea level ), Vernand-Dessous ( 613  m above sea level ) and Le Boulard ( 560  m above sea level ) as well as the industrial and commercial zones Vernand and Bel- Air .

The neighboring municipalities of Lausanne are Saint-Sulpice , Chavannes-près-Renens , Renens , Prilly , Romanel-sur-Lausanne , Le Mont-sur-Lausanne , Epalinges , Jouxtens-Mézery , Crissier , Cheseaux-sur-Lausanne , Morrens , Cugy , Bretigny -sur-Morrens , Bottens , Froideville , Montpreveyres , Savigny and Pully .

climate

For the normal period 1981–2010 the annual mean temperature is 10.9 ° C, with the coldest monthly mean temperatures in January at 2.2 ° C and the warmest monthly mean temperatures in July at 20.3 ° C. On average, around 42 frost days and eight ice days are to be expected here. There are around 44 summer days on average, while there are normally 5.7 hot days .

The measuring station of the Federal Office for Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss) is located in the suburb of Pully , at 456  m above sea level. M. , approx. 3 km east of the city center (as the crow flies ).

Lausanne-Pully
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     77   4th 0     67   6th 1     78   10 4th     87   14th 6th     117   19th 11     112   22nd 14th     92   25th 16     110   24 16     114   20th 13th     113   15th 9     93   9 4th     92   5 1 Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: Federal Office for Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss)

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Lausanne-Pully Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 4.4 5.6 10.1 14.0 18.7 22.4 25.0 24.4 19.8 14.6 8.6 5.3 O 14.5 Min. Temperature (° C) 0.3 0.7 3.5 6.4 10.7 13.8 16.1 15.9 12.6 9.1 4.2 1.4 O 7.9 Temperature (° C) 2.2 3.0 6.6 10.0 14.4 17.8 20.3 19.7 15.8 11.6 6.1 3.2 O 10.9 Precipitation ( mm ) 77 67 78 87 117 112 92 110 114 113 93 92 Σ 1,152 Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 2.3 3.4 5.1 6.0 6.5 7.6 8.1 7.5 6.1 4.1 2.6 1.9 O 5.1 Rainy days ( d ) 10.1 8.8 10.2 9.8 12.1 10.4 9.0 9.5 8.8 10.1 10.2 10.7 Σ 119.7 Humidity ( % ) 78 73 68 66 67 66 65 68 73 78 78 78 O 71.5 Source: Federal Office for Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss)

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history

antiquity

The urban area of ​​Lausanne was already in the 4th millennium BC. Settled. After Helvetia was incorporated into the Roman Empire , a Gallo-Roman vicus developed in the area of ​​today's Vidy, at the transshipment point from merchant ships on Lake Geneva to horse-drawn vehicles , whose inhabitants (vikanor [um] Lousonnensium) are first mentioned in the 2nd century AD . The place name can be traced back to a Celtic formation from * lausā "slab of stone" and the suffix -ŏnna , which is common in water names and which originally referred to the flon . The settlement probably reached a size of 1.2 km in length and 250 m in width, making it the largest vicus in what is now Switzerland. During the 3rd century, this Roman settlement was invasions of the West Germanic Alemanni harassed and probably destroyed around 260, but probably permanently abandoned after the mid-4th century.

In the 3rd century a small craft settlement or refuge developed on the hill where the cathedral is located today. The name of the Roman settlement was transferred to this place. The first church dedicated to St. Thyrsus was built on this hill in the 6th century . Bishop Marius moved his seat from Avenches to Lausanne in the second half of the 6th century , thereby establishing the diocese of Lausanne . He was buried in the church at that time in 594.

middle Ages

Old town center (Place de la Palud) with justice fountain

The initially relatively small town belonged to the Kingdom of Burgundy from 888 to 1032 . During the 11th century Lausanne developed into a political, economic and religious center. The city became the center of the secular rule of the bishops. In the following period, especially in the 12th and 13th centuries, Lausanne experienced a real heyday. In 1275 the Notre-Dame Cathedral was finally consecrated in the presence of Pope Gregory X and King Rudolf von Habsburg .

The citizens of Lausanne, who fought for their first political rights in 1234, repeatedly received support from the Counts of Savoy against the rule of the bishops in the following centuries . In 1476 the town was occupied by Burgundian troops under Charles the Bold and sacked by the Confederates after the Battle of Grandson . On July 6, 1481, the Cité and the Lower City merged, which previously developed independently of each other. In 1525 the city concluded castle rights treaties with Bern and Freiburg .

Conquest by Bern

Building of the old Académie de Lausanne

A new chapter in the history of the city of Lausanne begins in 1536, when the Bernese conquered the Vaud under the chief field captain Hans Franz Nägeli . The city's residents welcomed the introduction of the Reformation and the then Bishop Sebastian von Montfaucon had to flee to Savoy. With this, Lausanne lost its status as a bishopric (the diocese of Lausanne, Geneva and Friborg have been in Friborg since 1613 ). Lausanne is one of the ten Swiss cities that received the label "Reformation City" in 2017 from the Federation of Evangelical Churches .

The fact that the Bernese made the population of Lausanne their subjects and degraded Lausanne to a provincial town was reluctantly accepted by the residents. As a result, there were several uprisings against Bernese domination, including the 1588 conspiracy of Isbrand Daux , who wanted to play Vaud into the hands of Savoy, and the resistance under Jean Daniel Abraham Davel in 1723.

In 1536, the Bernese set up the Bailiwick of Lausanne, which was much larger than the current district of Lausanne. It stretched from the Venoge along the shores of Lake Geneva to the east as far as the city of Vevey, encompassed the Jorat plateau in the north and reached into the catchment area of ​​the Broye in the northeast . Shortly after the conquest, the Bernese rulers founded the Schola Lausannensis in 1537, which later became the theological Académie de Lausanne and finally the Université de Lausanne .

Vaudois revolution until the 20th century

Lausanne around 1900

Aerial photo from 250 m by Walter Mittelholzer (1919)

After the collapse of the Ancien Régime , in the wake of the Vaud Revolution in 1798, Lausanne became the capital of the Canton du Léman, which lasted until 1803 during the Helvetic Republic , and then became the center of the Canton of Vaud when the Mediation Constitution came into force . This made Lausanne the capital of the newly created canton.

As an important administrative center, the city experienced a rapid economic boom in the course of the 19th century in the course of industrialization . As a result of the brisk construction activity, Lausanne grew to its city limits as early as 1900. Projects to incorporate the neighboring towns of Renens , Prilly and Epalinges all failed in the first half of the 20th century due to the rejection by the population of the suburbs.

The Treaty of Lausanne was signed on July 24, 1923 in Ouchy Castle . From June to July 1932, negotiations on Germany's reparations took place at the Lausanne Conference .

In 1964 the city hosted the Swiss National Exhibition .

In 2015, Lausanne was awarded the honorary title of “ European City of the Reformation ” by the Community of Evangelical Churches in Europe .

population

Development of the population

Population development

year	Residents
1798	8,000
1813	13,000
1850	17,108
1900	46,732
1910	64'446
1930	75,915
1950	106,807
1960	126,328
1970	137,383
1980	127,349
1990	128'112
2000	124,914
2010	127,821
2015	141,325

On December 31, 2018, Lausanne had 139,111 inhabitants (permanent resident population). There are also around 10,000 other people, either Swiss with their main residence in another municipality or seasonal workers (only with a temporary residence permit). These are included in the statistics of the city of Lausanne, which at the end of December 2008 showed a population of 130,726 people. The population registration office of the city of Lausanne indicates a population of 144,069 for the end of February 2017.

Lausanne is the fourth largest city in Switzerland in terms of population. Within the entire Lausanne agglomeration (according to the Federal Statistical Office) - which has around 317,000 inhabitants - there is a closed settlement area (a core agglomeration with the corner points Morges - Tolochenaz in the west, Romanel-sur-Lausanne in the north and Lutry in the east) with around 250,000 inhabitants. The Geneva-Lausanne metropolitan area is an enlarged metropolitan area and has 1.2 million inhabitants.

78.8 percent of the residents are French-speaking, 4.3 percent German-speaking and 4.0 percent Italian-speaking (as of 2000). As of September 30, 2017, the proportion of foreigners in the total population (residents without citizenship) was 43 percent.

The population of Lausanne increased sharply from the end of the 19th century to around 1960. In 1946 the 100,000 population limit was exceeded. A peak was recorded in 1970 with more than 137,000 inhabitants. Due to the economic crisis in the 1970s combined with the emigration of foreign workers, the population decreased by a good 10,000 people in the following decade. After that, the population fluctuated in the region of 128,000. In the years 1990 to 1997 and 2000, Lausanne recorded a population decline. In the years 1998–1999 as well as since 2001 the number of immigrants increased significantly. Between 1990 and 2015, 2009 saw the greatest increase with 2,554 new residents.

As of September 30, 2017, the unemployment rate was 5.9 percent.

nationality

Nationalities 2014

nationality	Share in percent
Switzerland	57.73
France	7.41
Portugal	7.27
Italy	4.58
Spain	3.47
Kosovo	1.76
Germany	0.95
Turkey	0.67
Serbia	0.65
Brazil	0.59
United Kingdom	0.58
Ecuador	0.58
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0.57
Democratic Republic of Congo	0.56
Sri Lanka	0.54
Morocco	0.52
United States	0.51
Belgium	0.47
People's Republic of China	0.46
Tunisia	0.43

religion

In 2015, the Catholic and Reformed Churches fell below the 50 percent mark. In 2012 the majority of the population aged 15 and over, 57.4%, professed the Christian faith . 33.6% are members of the Roman Catholic Church , 17.2% of the Evangelical Reformed Church , and 6.6% belong to other Christian denominations. 30.0% are non-denominational , 7.3% belong to Islamic denominations and 0.6% belong to Jewish denominations .

politics

Conseil Communal Lausanne Distribution of seats 2016–2021

11

17th

33

6th

21st

12

11 17th 33 6th 21st 12 

A total of 100 seats

• EàG ( PST-POP / Sol / LG ): 11
• GPS : 17
• SP : 33
• CVP / GLP : 6
• FDP : 21
• SVP : 12

The city of Lausanne has a legislative body , the conseil communal ( city ​​council ), whose 100 members are elected for five years according to proportional representation. The municipalité (municipality) is the executive branch of the city. It consists of the President of the City Council and seven other city councilors. The municipality is the head of the city ​​administration .

For the legislative period 2016–2021, the members of the city council are distributed as follows:

• 33 Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (SP)
• 21 FDP.The Liberals (FDP)
• 17 Swiss Green Party (GPS)
• 12 Swiss People's Party (SVP)
• 11 Ensemble à Gauche ( PST-POP , solidaritéS , La gauche )
• 6 Middle ( Christian Democratic People's Party , Green Liberal Party )

The seven members of the municipality are distributed as follows:

• 3 Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (SP)
• 2 Swiss Green Party (GPS)
• 1 FDP The Liberals (FDP)
• 1 Labor Party (POP)

The city has seven directorates, each headed by a member of the city government.

See also : Results of the local elections in Lausanne

Executive - city government

Mayor ( syndic ) is Grégoire Junod from the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland .

La Municipalité of Lausanne

Government member	Political party	in office since	Management (since)
Grégoire Junod , Mayor	SP	2011	Cultural and Urban Planning Directorate (2016)
Pierre-Antoine Hildbrand	FDP	2016	Security and Economic Directorate (2016)
Oscar Tosato	SP	2001	Sports and Social Directorate (2002)
Natascha Litzistorf	Green	2016	Housing, Building and Civil Engineering Directorate (2016)
David Payot	PST-POP & gauche en mouvement	2016	Childhood, Youth and Neighborhood Directorate (2016)
Florence Germond	SP	2011	Finance and Transport Directorate (2011)
Jean-Yves Pidoux	Green	2006	Industrial Equipment Directorate (2006)

City Presidents

Term of office	person	Political party
1938-1945	Jules-Henri Addor	FDP
1946-1949	Pierre Graber	SP
1950-1957	Jean Peitrequin	FDP
1958-1973	Georges-André Chevallaz	FDP
1974-1980	Jean-Pascal Delamuraz	FDP
1981-1989	Paul-René Martin	FDP
1990-1998	Yvette Jaggi	SP
1998-2002	Jean-Jacques Schilt	SP
2002-2016	Daniel Brélaz	GPS
2016–	Grégoire Junod	SP

See also : List of city presidents of Lausanne

National Council elections

In the 2019 Swiss parliamentary elections, the voting shares in Lausanne were:

Green	SP	FDP	SVP	POP / Sol	glp	CVP	EPP
27.3%	26.7%	15.1%	9.3%	9.0%	6.9%	2.1%	0.7%

Federal Court of Switzerland

Authorities

The local authorities have had their headquarters in the Hôtel de Ville de la Palud since the 16th century . The Federal Supreme Court has been located in Lausanne since 1874 .

Town twinning

Osijek , Croatia - since 1997

Culture and sights

See also : List of cultural assets in Lausanne

Cultural institutions and events

The cultural institutions include the city theater, the Théâtre de Beaulieu and the Théâtre Vidy-Lausanne , as well as numerous other smaller theaters and concert halls, as well as the Cinémathèque suisse in the former Casino de Montbenon . Lausanne also has a city archive, a city library, several public libraries, the cantonal and university libraries and various specialist libraries.

The Festival de la Cité has been held in Lausanne since 1968 and the Prix ​​de Lausanne (a dance competition) since 1973 . There is also the Concours de Lausanne of new choreography, the Béjart ballet, concerts of classical music, jazz, rock and folk music. The Comptoir Suisse is held every September . On May 6, 1989, the Eurovision Song Contest 1989 took place in the Palais de Beaulieu .

The comic archive Center BD de la Ville de Lausanne was founded in 1999.

Museums

Fondation de l'Hermitage

As the cultural center of western Switzerland, Lausanne has a number of important museums. These include the Musée cantonal des Beaux-Arts de Lausanne (showing the art collections owned by the Canton of Vaud since 1841), the Cantonal Museum of Archeology and History (with collections since 1852), the Musée de l'Elysée (a museum of the Swiss Photography) and the Musée Olympique (documents the modern Olympic movement since 1896). The Fondation de l'Hermitage shows changing art exhibitions. The city also has numerous private museums, art galleries and other exhibitions.

Attractions

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  Notre Dame Cathedral over the city

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  Main tower of the cathedral

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  Interior of the cathedral

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  Cathedral choir

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  Lausanne synagogue

The most prominent building in the city is the Notre-Dame Cathedral . In the Quartier de la Cité on the hill by the cathedral, other important medieval buildings have been preserved. The city's Catholic Church is the Notre-Dame du Valentin Basilica, built in 1832 .

Château Saint-Maire

The "Saint-Maire" castle is a massive cubic building flanked by four corner towers, the top floor of which shows brick architecture. It was built at the beginning of the 15th century on the site of the Saint-Maire priory, served as a bishopric and was the seat of the governor during the Bernese period. The core of the old episcopal castle on Place de la Cathédrale dates from the 11th century, but several newer wings have been added over the years; the Jacquemard Tower (1360-1380) was part of the original city fortifications.

Nearby is Gaudard's house from 1670. The former academy, a rectangular building with a stair tower, was built from 1579 to 1587. The classicist Bâtiment du Grand Conseil dates from 1803 to 1806 . The Cité district is connected to the neighboring Quartier de la Palud to the west by covered flights of stairs.

House front in Lausanne

The Quartier de la Palud developed in a former swampy basin and served as the market district of Lausanne. Here is the Hôtel de Ville (town hall), which was built in 1672–1675 on the site of a previous building and enlarged in the 18th and 19th centuries. It shows a two-storey Renaissance facade over arcades and has a bell tower. Furthermore, the Maison de Seigneux (today police station) in a style in the transition from Baroque to Early Classicism (1732), the House of Crousaz from the 18th century and the Fountain of Justice (16th century; the original is in the museum) should be mentioned. On the Place de la Riponne are the Palais de Rumine (1898–1906) in neo-renaissance style, which was originally intended to house the university, library and museum, and the former Musée Arlaud (1836–1839).

In the Quartier du Bourg is the Reformed Church of Saint-François, former church of the Franciscan monastery founded in 1258. The single-nave structure with cross ribbed vault dates from 1270, but had to be rebuilt in 1368 after a fire. The bell tower was built in the 15th century.

At the entrance to the Quartier Saint-Laurent stands the Tour de l'Ale, a round tower from the 13th and 14th centuries, which is one of the few medieval fortresses that have survived. The Reformed Church of Saint-Laurent was built in 1716–1719 on the site of an 11th century church and provided with a baroque facade in 1761–1763. The Maison de l'Elysée is a mansion that was built between 1780 and 1783.

In the outer quarters there are numerous castles and mansions as well as other magnificent buildings. These include Beaulieu Castle (1763–1766), Béthusy Castle from the 18th century, the neo-classical Villamont House (1791–1793), and the Maison de Mon-Repos (1819–1827), which formerly housed the Musée Olympique , as well as the imposing neoclassical buildings of the Federal Court ( Tribunal Fédéral ; 1922–1927), the Cantonal Bank (1903) and the post office (1896–1900).

In Ouchy, the traditional port of Lausanne, there are several hotel buildings from the 19th century, for example the Hôtel du Château d'Ouchy (1889–1893) in neo-Gothic style, the Hôtel d'Angleterre (1775–1779) and the Hôtel Beau- Rivage (1858-1861). Along Lake Geneva there are extensive parks with sculptures and a neo-Gothic tower ruin from 1830 on the quay.

Interior view of the Rolex Learning Center

The Rolex Learning Center , an unusual example of contemporary architecture, opened on the grounds of the École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne in 2010 . The design comes from the Japanese architecture firm SANAA .

In 2017, the Aquatis , Europe's largest freshwater show aquarium-vivarium, opened in the Biopôle science park in the northern part of Vennes .

Sports

Headquarters of the International Olympic Committee

Lausanne is the seat of various world sports associations. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has its headquarters in Lausanne and the Olympic Museum has been located there since 1993 .

In addition, the International Table Tennis Federation (table tennis), the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball , the International Baseball Federation , the Fédération Internationale de Hockey , the Fédération Internationale d'Escrime (fencing), the International Federation of Equestrian Sports (equestrian sport), the Fédération Internationale des Luttes Associées (wrestling), the World Dance Sport Federation (dance sport), the Fédération Internationale de Natation (swimming), the World Archery Federation (archery), the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (aviation), the International Canoe Federation (canoeing) ) and the Fédération Internationale des Sociétés d'Aviron (rowing).

Not far from Lausanne, other sports associations have their headquarters, such as the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (motorsport) in Mies , the Union Cycliste Internationale (cycling) in Aigle , the UEFA in Nyon and the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (gymnastics) in Moutier .

The most important football club in the city is FC Lausanne-Sport , which returned to the top Swiss league in 2011 after nine years of absence.

The city has sports facilities, most of which are located near the lake shore and on the hills above Lausanne. These include the La Pontaise Olympic Stadium and the Center Intercommunal de Malley with around 10,000 seats. There is a golf course at the height of Le Chalet-à-Gobet on the municipality border with Epalinges .

Lausanne was one of six venues for the 1954 World Cup . In 2012 , the first stop of the Global Champions Tour took place in Lausanne as part of the Lausanne International Horse Show . In 2020, Lausanne hosted the Winter Youth Olympic Games . The games of the top division of the 2020 Men's Ice Hockey World Championships will also take place in Lausanne.

Recreation zones

Sunset on Lake Geneva as seen from the Sauvabelin tower

Almost the entire lakeshore in the urban area is designed as an extensive recreation zone with leisure and sports facilities, swimming pool, seaside resort, boat harbor facilities, camping site and playgrounds. This is the redesigned site that was used in 1964 for the Swiss National Exhibition Expo 64 Lausanne. The built-up urban area is loosened up by several parks and green spaces, for example by the botanical garden on the isolated Montriond hill, the Parc de Valency, the area near Monrepos and the Esplanade de Montbenon . Other local recreation areas include the Sauvabelin forest with the Sauvabelin tower and the area around Chalet-à-Gobet.

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

Next to Geneva , Lausanne is the most important economic and administrative center in western Switzerland. Around 83 percent of the workforce is employed in the service sector, the secondary sector comprises around 17 percent of employees and less than 1 percent works in the primary sector. As of September 30, 2017, the unemployment rate was 5.9 percent.

Up until the beginning of the 20th century there were several smaller wine-growing areas and arable land on the southern slopes below the old town . With the expansion of the settlement area, viticulture has almost completely disappeared. Today, livestock and dairy farming are practiced on the Jorat plateau . Thanks to the large wooded area of ​​the Bois du Jorat , forestry also plays a certain role.

The industrial sector was particularly important in the first half of the 20th century. Industrial and commercial zones were created along the railway line in the west of the city and at the foot of the slope near the shores of Lake Geneva. With the increased space required by industry, however, some companies were relocated to the suburbs, especially to the western and north-western outskirts of Lausanne (Renens, Crissier, Bussigny-près-Lausanne).

Today, the Lausanne-based industry is mainly focused on construction, engineering, the metal, food and tobacco industries, precision mechanics, electronics and optics, as well as graphics, printing and publishing.

The service industry focuses on trade, tourism, administration, banking and insurance as well as transport and traffic. Lausanne is the seat of various internationally and nationally important institutions, the cantonal, district and city administrations. The Federal Supreme Court has been located in Lausanne since 1874 . Numerous consulates and the secretariat of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) are also based in the city. Important research institutions are the Center de Recherches européennes - Fondation Jean Monnet pour l'Europe, the Center de recherches sur les lettres romandes, the Benjamin Constant Institute and the Swiss Institute for Art Studies.

View of the old town of Lausanne with Lake Geneva

The main Lausanne-based companies are AGEN Holding (healthcare), Compagnie financière Tradition (over-the-counter stock trading), Edipresse (media), EOS (power supply), Golay-Buchel (jewelry), Landolt & Cie (asset management), Publigroupe (advertising and marketing) ) and Vaudoise Assurances (insurance).

See also : Center de Formation des Banques Cantonales Latines

traffic

Transport route plan

View of Lausanne Flon with metro station

Lausanne is a traffic junction in the central plateau of western Switzerland. It is located on the old main and trade route from Geneva over the Chalet-à-Gobet pass to Bern . Other connections that were important in earlier times existed along Lake Geneva to Vevey and Montreux and to the north in the direction of Cossonay , Orbe and Yverdon-les-Bains . Main streets 1 , 5 and 9 cross in the city center .

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Ouchy station: the platform has doors

At the beginning of the 1960s, the A1 motorway from Geneva to Lausanne was built, which ended at Lausanne-Vidy. The line was put into operation in 1964 for the national exhibition in Lausanne. Today the section between the Ecublens junction and Lausanne-Vidy runs under the name A1A as a western approach to Lausanne. The northern bypass of Lausanne, a section of the A9 (Lausanne - Sion ) with several bridges over the valleys was opened in 1974. In 1981 the northern continuation of the A1 to Yverdon-les-Bains was added.

The SBB - Lausanne train station is one of the most important of the entire country. From here, direct express trains run to almost all regions of Switzerland, as well as a TGV line to Paris . The first railway reached Lausanne on May 5, 1856 with the opening of the Renens – Lausanne line. Thus Lausanne was initially connected with Morges (from 1858 with Geneva) and Yverdon (from 1859 with Neuchâtel ). On April 2, 1861, the Lausanne – Villeneuve section of the railway line from Lausanne to Valais was opened. About a year and a half later, on September 4, 1862, the Lausanne – Bern line went into operation. On November 5, 1873, the section from Lausanne to Cheseaux-sur-Lausanne of the Chemin de fer Lausanne-Echallens-Bercher (LEB) narrow-gauge railway , which opens up the northern suburbs of the city, was inaugurated .

Local public transport in Lausanne is handled by the Transports publics de la région Lausannoise (TL). In addition to the ten lines of the Lausanne trolleybus, this company operates various bus routes in the city and in the agglomeration. There is also the Lausanne light rail (Métro M1) from Lausanne via Ecublens (access to the University in Dorigny and EPFL) to Renens and the Lausanne underground (Métro M2) from Ouchy to Epalinges. This fully automatic metro was opened in September 2008 and replaced the Lausanne – Ouchy rack railway , which was closed in 2006 . The Lausanne-Flon train station is the hub of Métro and LEB . Since the first construction phase of Bahn 2000 went into operation in December 2004, there has also been an S-Bahn around Lausanne: the Réseau Express Vaudois .

Furthermore, Lausanne is connected to numerous lakeside communities through the passenger shipping network on Lake Geneva , including the one opposite Évian-les-Bains in France .

The Lausanne-Blécherette airfield for civil aircraft has been located on the plateau of Blécherette above the city center since 1910 .

Educational institutions

Palais de Rumine (University of Lausanne library and museums)

Lausanne acts as the educational center for western Switzerland. The most important educational institutions include the University ( Université de Lausanne ), which was founded in 1890 and is now located in Dorigny, and the École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - Lausanne ). The latter was created in 1946 after the engineering school, which previously belonged to the university, was merged with a newly founded school of architects. The EPFL buildings are in the municipal area of Ecublens . The Swiss Institute for Comparative Law ( Institut suisse de droit comparé ) is also located in Dorigny .

There are also numerous vocational schools, including the Hotel Management School ( École hôtelière de Lausanne ), the Engineering School of the Canton of Vaud ( École d'ingénieurs du Canton de Vaud, EIVD), the Haute École de Gestion du Canton de Vaud (HEG-Vd; Administration) , the nursing school of the Swiss Red Cross, the art school ( École Cantonale d'Art de Lausanne, ECAL) and a conservatory ( Conservatoire de Lausanne ) .

There is also the small business school IMD (International Institute for Management Development) in Lausanne, which emerged in 1990 from the merger of the educational institutions IMI Geneva and IMEDE Lausanne founded by Alcan and Nestlé.

Personalities

→ Main article : List of personalities from the city of Lausanne

Name variants

• Latin : Lousonna, Leusonna, Lausanna
• German : Lausannen, Losannen, Losanen, Losan, Losen
• French : Lausanne, Lausane
• Italian : Losanna, Lozanna, Lozana
• Romansh : Losanna

See also

Portal: Lausanne  - Overview of Wikipedia content on Lausanne

literature

• Les Monuments d'Art e d'Histoire du Canton de Vaud (= art monuments of Switzerland ). 6 volumes. Bern 1944– (2006), ISBN 3-7643-1141-X , of which volumes 1–4 on Lausanne:
  • Volume 1: Marcel Grandjean: La ville de Lausanne. Introduction, extension urbaine, ponts, fontaines, édifices religieux (sans la cathédrale), hospitaliers, édifices publics [I] (= Swiss art monuments. Volume 51). Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Birkhäuser, Bern 1965 ( permalink.snl.ch ).
  • Volume 2: Eugène Bach, Louis Blondel , Adrien Bovy: La Cathédrale de Lausanne et son tresor (= Swiss art monuments. Volume 16). Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Birkhäuser, Bern 1944 ( permalink.snl.ch ).
  • Volume 3: Marcel Grandjean: La ville de Lausanne. Édifices publics (II). Quartiers et édifices privés de la ville ancienne (= Swiss art monuments. Volume 69). Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Birkhäuser, Bern 1979, ISBN 3-7643-1141-X .
  • Volume 4: Marcel Grandjean: La commune de Lausanne. Villages, Hameaux et maisons de l'ancienne campagne lausannoise (= Swiss art monuments. Volume 71). Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Birkhäuser, Bern 1981, ISBN 3-7643-1208-4 .

Web links

Further content in the sister projects of Wikipedia:
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	Wikivoyage	- Travel Guide

• Official website of the city of Lausanne
• Gilbert Kaenel , Gilbert Coutaz, Anne Radeff and Frédéric Sardet: Lausanne (municipality). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
• Nathalie Pichard Sardet: Lousonna. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
• Sights in Lausanne on schweizinfo.de

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 . 
2. ↑ ^{a b c d} Portrait statistique 2020. ( PDF ) Office d'appui économique et statistique, accessed on August 29, 2020 (French). 
3. ↑ ^{a b c} Demandeurs d'emploi, chômeurs et taux de chômage par commune. ( XLSX ; 64 kB) Statistique Vaud, Département des finances et des relations extérieures (Statistics Vaud, Department of Finance and Foreign Affairs), accessed on October 25, 2017 (French). 
4. ↑ Lausanne. In: Glossarium Helvetiae Historicum. Retrieved July 6, 2017 . 
5. ↑ ^{a b c} Nicolas Pépin: Lausanne VD (Lausanne) in: Dictionnaire toponymique des communes suisses - Lexicon of Swiss community names - Dizionario toponomastico dei comuni svizzeri (DTS | LSG). Center de dialectologie, Université de Neuchâtel. Verlag Huber, Frauenfeld / Stuttgart / Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-7193-1308-5 , and Éditions Payot, Lausanne 2005, ISBN 2-601-03336-3 , p. 512.
6. ↑ Quality of life in cities and agglomerations: demographic context by city / agglomeration, demographic indicator and year. In: admin.ch. Retrieved March 1, 2020 . 
7. ↑ Population résidante du canton de Genève, selon l'origine et le sexe, par commune, en septembre 2014. (XLS; 118 kB) (No longer available online.) Office cantonal de la statistique (OCSTAT), République et Canton de Genève (Cantonal Office for Statistics, Republic and Canton of Geneva ), archived from the original on October 17, 2014 ; accessed on February 16, 2015 (French). 
8. ↑ Lausanne, la sportive. Lausanne, Capitale Olympique. In: lausanne.ch, accessed on March 4, 2020.
9. ^ ^{A b} Walter Drack, Rudolf Fellmann: The Romans in Switzerland. Theiss, Stuttgart; Raggi-Verlag, Jona, SG (Switzerland) 1988, ISBN 3-8062-0420-9 , p. 423 ff.
10. ↑ Simon Hehli: Tour de Suisse of the Reformation. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . November 4, 2016, p. 15.
11. ↑ Lausanne 1964: Two ideas, one expo . In: Swiss National Exhibitions - Expo-Archive . Archived from the original on September 28, 2013. Retrieved September 25, 2013.
12. ^ Reformation city of Lausanne. Switzerland. First Protestant university in the French-speaking area. In: reformation-cities.org/cities, accessed on June 21, 2018 (with a vote by Xavier Paillard, Président du Conseil synodal, Lausanne [French]).
13. ↑ Evolution mensuelle du nombre d'habitants en 2015. (No longer available online.) Service du contrôle des habitants (population control of the city of Lausanne), archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; accessed on February 24, 2016 (French). 
14. ↑ Evolution mensuelle du nombre d'habitants en 2008. (No longer available online.) Service du contrôle des habitants (population control of the city of Lausanne), archived from the original ; accessed on February 24, 2016 (French). 
15. ↑ Evolution annuelle du nombre d'habitants depuis 1990. (No longer available online.) Service du contrôle des habitants (population registration for the city of Lausanne), archived from the original on February 24, 2016 ; accessed on February 24, 2016 (French). 
16. ↑ Portrait en chiffres - 2015. (PDF; 521 kB) (No longer available online.) Statistique Vaud - Section Lausanne, June 18, 2015, archived from the original on December 21, 2016 ; accessed on November 21, 2015 . 
17. ↑ Stefan Ehrbar, Fabienne Riklin: The Swiss no longer want to belong to a church: Churches lose majority in cities. In: Aargauer Zeitung . March 20, 2016. Retrieved June 21, 2018.
18. ↑ Permanent resident population aged 15 and over according to religious affiliation, 2012. (XLS) (No longer available online.) Federal Statistical Office, January 1, 2012, archived from the original on January 6, 2012 ; Retrieved April 6, 2014 . 
19. ^ Composition du Conseil communal. (No longer available online.) In: lausanne.de. City of Lausanne, archived from the original on November 14, 2017 ; accessed on July 31, 2016 . 
20. ^ Composition de la Municipalité. In: lausanne.de. City of Lausanne, accessed June 21, 2018 . 
21. ↑ Federal elections 2019 | opendata.swiss. Retrieved December 4, 2019 . 
22. ^ François Marin, Joël Aguet: Opéra de Lausanne, Lausanne VD . In: Andreas Kotte (Ed.): Theater Lexikon der Schweiz - Dictionnaire du théâtre en Suisse. Volume 2, Chronos, Zurich 2005, ISBN 3-0340-0715-9 , p. 1346 f. (French)
23. ↑ Julien Barroche, François Marin: Festival de la Cité, Lausanne VD . In: Andreas Kotte (Ed.): Theater Lexikon der Schweiz - Dictionnaire du théâtre en Suisse. Volume 1, Chronos, Zurich 2005, ISBN 3-0340-0715-9 , p. 578 f. (French)
24. ↑ Catherine Lepdor, Jörg Zutter, Patrick Schaefer: La collection du Musée des Beaux-Arts, Lausanne (= Swiss art guide. # 559.). Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 1994, ISBN 3-85782-559-6 .
25. ↑ Catherine Kulling: L'ancien Evêché de Lausanne (= Swiss art guide. # 487.). Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 1991, ISBN 3-85782-487-5 .
26. ↑ Paul Bissegger: Lausanne, Mon-Repos (= Swiss Art Guide. No. 287). Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 1981, ISBN 3-85782-287-2 .
27. ↑ ^{a b c d} Glossarium Helvetiae Historicum sv Lausanne.

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This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on April 25, 2009 .