Champlitte
| Champlitte | ||
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| region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté | |
| Department | Haute-Saône | |
| Arrondissement | Vesoul | |
| Canton | Dampierre-sur-Salon | |
| Community association | Quatre Rivières | |
| Coordinates | 47 ° 37 ' N , 5 ° 31' E | |
| height | 208-379 m | |
| surface | 128.90 km 2 | |
| Residents | 1,639 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 13 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 70600 | |
| INSEE code | 70122 | |
Champlitte is a commune in the French department of Haute-Saône in the region Bourgogne Franche-Comté . It is the capital of the canton of Champlitte in the arrondissement of Vesoul .
geography
Champlitte is located at an altitude of 240 m above sea level, 20 kilometers north-northwest of Gray and about 46 kilometers northeast of the city of Dijon (as the crow flies). The town extends in the far west of the department, in the plateau landscape northwest of the Saône Valley , on a ledge west of the Salon .
The area of the 128.90 km² municipal area (and thus the largest municipal area in the Haute-Saône department) comprises a section in the area of the plateau northwest of the Saône valley. From northwest to southeast the area is crossed by the valley low of the Salon, which creates numerous meanders and provides drainage to the Saône. The floodplain is on average 220 m and has a maximum width of one kilometer. The valley is flanked on both sides by mostly relatively steep slopes (20 to 60 m high), which lead to the adjacent plateau. This reaches an average height of 280 m. The plateau consists of an alternating layer of calcareous and sandy-marl sediments from the middle Jurassic period . The plateau is divided by numerous troughs that open to the valley of the salon. However, apart from the salon, there are no above-ground running waters in the entire area because the rainwater seeps into the karst subsoil.
Agricultural use predominates in the lowlands and on the plateau, but there are also larger forest areas, especially along the municipal boundaries. In the east, the municipality extends to the extensive forest area of the Bois de Groslières , in the south into the Forêt de Champlitte and in the west into the Forêt des Louches (up to 360 m). In the area of the northern border are the plateau-like heights of the Bois Lessus (371 m), the Coupe du Fayl , on which the highest elevation of Champlitte is reached at 379 m, and the Côte de Vau (377 m).
The municipality consists of the following districts:
- Champlitte (240 m) on the plateau west of the Salon
- Champlitte-la-Ville (225 m) on the northern edge of the valley of the Salon
- Margilley (260 m) on the plateau east of the Salon
- Neuvelle-lès-Champlitte (225 m) slightly elevated south of the Salon
- Le Prélot (263 m) on the plateau north of the Forêt de Champlitte
- Piémont (305 m) in a hollow on the eastern edge of the Forêt des Louches
- Montarlot-lès-Champlitte (228 m) in the valley of the Salon
- Leffond (235 m) in the valley of the Salon
- Les Louches (313 m) at the Forêt des Louches
- Le Vergy (351 m) at the height west of the Forêt des Louches
- Montvaudon (362 m) at an altitude between the Salon and Vingeanne valleys
- Frettes (285 m) in a valley between Bois Lessus and La Côte de Vau
- La Voisine (281 m) in a depression south of the Bois Lessus
Neighboring municipalities of Champlitte are Coublanc , Grenant , Saulles , Belmont and Tornay in the north, Argillières , Pierrecourt and Courtesoult-et-Gatey in the east, Framont , Écuelle , Vars and Montigny-Mornay-Villeneuve-sur-Vingeanne in the south and Orain , Percey- le-Grand , Cusey and Choilley-Dardenay to the west.
history
The municipality of Champlitte was settled very early. Remains of Roman mosaics and coins and in 1967 a coin treasure from the 3rd century were found here. During the Merovingian era , there was probably a mint here, as can be seen from other coin finds.
Champlitte is probably already mentioned in a document in the Chronicle of Bèze, in which 645 speaks of the corridor in fine Campolimicensi . Over time, the spelling changed via Camplimptum , Canllinto , Calento , Canlenti , Chanlintum , Chanlinte , Chalintho , Chanlite , Chanito and Champlito to the current spelling. The place name is formed from the combination of two words, of which the origin of Chan- is not clear, while linte (later litte ) comes from the Latin limes (genitive: limitis ) meaning border .
In the Middle Ages, Champlitte belonged to the Free County of Burgundy and in that part of the Bailliage d'Amont area . During the whole time Champlitte was the center of an important rule. Girard de Fouvent is documented as the first master of Champlitte in 990. His daughter married a Herr von Vergy, who had his castle built on the plateau west of the salon. This castle, around which the Champlitte-le-Château settlement quickly developed, was located around a kilometer west of the original church village of Champlitte-la-Ville .
After various changes of ownership and splintering of the rule through inheritance divisions, Champlitte came to Jean de Vergy in 1289, who bought the former domain together and reunited it. In the meantime, Champlitte had established itself as a hamlet that was looted and burned down in 1475 by the soldiers under Pierre de Craon. At the instigation of Charles V, the town was rebuilt and surrounded by a moat and wall system with several towers. In the 15th century, the hospitallers founded a hospital in Champlitte, but it was closed again at an unknown time. In 1574 the Champlitte lordship was elevated to a county.
The town was again affected in 1595 during the siege by Henri IV. During the Thirty Years' War, Champlitte was besieged several times by Duke Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar in 1636 and 1637 and plundered and pillaged by the Duke of Angoulême in 1638. Together with Franche-Comté , Champlitte finally came to France with the Peace of Nijmegen in 1678. Champlitte was the site of an Augustinian convent, a Capuchin monastery and, in the 18th century, a royal hospital.
Since 1800 there have been several changes of area. In 1805, Champlitte (the former Champlitte-le-Château) and Le Prélot (1800: 258 inhabitants) merged to form the municipality of Champlitte-et-le-Prélot. A major merger took place in 1972 when Champlitte-et-le-Prélot (1968: 1383 inhabitants), Champlitte-la-Ville (1968: 75 inhabitants), Leffond (1968: 218 inhabitants), Margilley (1968: 152 inhabitants), Montarlot-lès-Champlitte (1968: 130 inhabitants) and Neuvelle-lès-Champlitte (1968: 137 inhabitants) were merged to form the municipality of Champlitte. In 1974 the municipality of Frettes (1968: 209 inhabitants) joined this and moved from the Haute-Marne department to the Haute-Saône department. Today Champlitte is a member of the community association Communauté de communes des Quatre Rivières, which comprises 42 villages .
Attractions
The Saint-Christophe church in Champlitte-la-Ville originally dates from the 11th century, was later redesigned several times and is now classified as a monument historique . The nave shows Romanesque styles, while the facade (14th century), the portal and the choir (14th / 16th century) are in the Gothic style. The valuable furnishings include a baptismal font from the 12th century, the main altar from the 17th century, paintings and statues from the 17th and 18th centuries and various grave slabs.
Champlitte has preserved its townscape in the style of a medieval town and has been awarded the “Petite Cité Comtoise de Caractère” label. In the old town center, numerous town houses and wine-growing houses from the 16th to 18th centuries have been preserved. The church of Champlitte, originally the castle chapel, also goes by the name of Saint-Christophe, largely rebuilt in the 19th century, with statues from the 15th to 18th centuries. The mighty bell tower has been preserved from the 15th century. The buildings of the Augustinian convent were erected in the 17th century. In Champlitte Castle, the buildings of which were built in the 16th and 18th centuries ( Renaissance facade ), the Department Museum of History and Ethnography is now housed. Other important secular buildings in Champlitte are the Château Grillot, the houses on the market square and the Maison Espagnole (in the Renaissance style). Remains and towers of the former fortifications have been preserved. Champlitte is the location of other museums: Musée des Arts et Techniques 1900 and Musée de la Vigne et des Pressoirs with wine presses from the 17th and 18th centuries by the orangery of the castle.
There are numerous Calvaires in Champlitte and in the surrounding villages. In Champlitte-la-Ville, in addition to the church, the priory buildings (16th and 17th centuries) and the ruins of the Château-Tavannes should be mentioned. The village church of Leffond was built in the 18th century. Neuvelle-lès-Champlitte also has former priory buildings (17th and 18th centuries) and the Petitjean monument in the cemetery. Former mansions can be found in Leffond and Montarlot.
population
| Population development | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2017 |
| Residents | 2448 | 2304 | 2113 | 1901 | 1906 | 1828 | 1864 | 1639 |
With 1639 inhabitants (January 1, 2017) Champlitte is one of the large municipalities of the Haute-Saône department. After the population had decreased significantly in the first half of the 20th century (in 1881 there were still 4781 people in today's municipal area), only relatively small fluctuations have been recorded since the beginning of the 1990s.
Economy and Infrastructure
For a long time Champlitte was a small town that was characterized by trade and commerce and the processing of agricultural products from the surrounding area. Today Champlitte is a small center that takes on central local functions for the surrounding region. There are numerous small and medium-sized businesses, especially in the areas of surface treatment, metal processing, fine and precision mechanics, the food industry and construction. There are also numerous shops and service companies for daily needs. The village is the site of a college.
Champlitte is well developed in terms of traffic. The community is on the main D67 road from Gray to Longeau-Percey . Other road connections exist with Saint-Seine-sur-Vingeanne, Fayl-Billot, Framont and Coublanc.
