River system of the Rhine

The Rhine and its river system

The river system of the Rhine includes all watercourses that drain over the Rhine and its estuary and thus a catchment area of almost 220,000 km². From there it discharges an average of around 2900 m³ / s of water into the North Sea.

Location and structure

The river system of the Rhine is the largest north-west of the European main watershed after the water flow and the second largest after the catchment area (after that of the Neva ). The neighboring areas to the west are those of the Scheldt and Seine . The adjacent river basins of the Rhone and the Po in the south and southeast drain to the Mediterranean Sea , that of the Danube to the Black Sea . The river basins of Elbe , Weser and Ems border to the east .

The Rhine flows through very different natural areas in a generally north-north-westerly direction . The headwaters of the Rhine are located in the transition area between the Western and Eastern Alps . After the Rhine as glacier-fed mountain rivers the Alps leave and as border between Austria and Switzerland the Bodensee has reached, he crossed to the west gradient reaching the northern foothills of the Alps and receives here the Aare his most water creek. At the bend of the Rhine in Basel, the Rhine drains a good sixth of its catchment area, but with around 1040 m³ / s (over a third of the estuary discharge) it is already richer in water than any other North Sea inflow. Here the catchment area is markedly constricted by the neighboring river systems of the Rhone and Danube , which goes back to the more recent history of the river system. Its now north-facing, canalised course through the flat, a geological ditch filling the Upper Rhine lowlands is flanked by the rain-rich Black Forest and Vosges mountains , from which more than 250 m³ / s of its water flow comes from; However, half of this only reaches the Rhine via the tributaries Neckar (right) and Moselle (left). In front of its narrow valley through the low mountain range threshold, it receives the Main, its longest right tributary, and soon afterwards the Nahe from the left . In the Neuwied Basin , which divides the Middle Rhine Valley into two sections, the Lahn join from the right and the mighty Moselle from the left. The initially very densely populated Lower Rhine lowlands begin at the mouth of the Sieg near Bonn . In the area of ​​the Ruhr area , the Ruhr and Lippe flow from the right . On the other side of the Dutch border, the river forks several times into mostly regulated watercourses and canals, with the Waal flowing to the west taking up two thirds of the amount of water. Shortly before it flows into the North Sea, the main arm of the Rhine flows from the left to the Maas, which is over 870 kilometers long .

The course of the Rhine is divided into six sections according to the landscapes it flows through:

Sections of the course of the Rhine and associated sub-catchment areas (EZG) of the river system

River section	to place	Length in km	Increase in runoff in m³ / s	Growth of EZG in km²	Tributaries (after runoff)	Mountains (according to height)	Cities (by inhabitants)
Alpine Rhine	Estuary into Lake Constance (Rheindamm)	172	228	6.119	Ill ( Hinterrhein ) ( Vorderrhein )	Alps	Dornbirn Chur Feldkirch
Hochrhein m. Lake Constance	Basel ( Middle Bridge )	207	809	29,778	Aare Thur Bregenz Oh	Alps Jura Black Forest	Zurich Basel Bern
Upper Rhine	Bingen ( Nahe estuary )	364	573	67,578	Main Neckar Ill	Black Forest Vosges Fichtel Mountains	Frankfurt Stuttgart Nuremberg
Middle Rhine	Bonn ( mouth of the Sieg )	130	528	40,715	Moselle victory Lahn	Vosges Taunus Hunsrück	Bonn Saarbrücken Metz
Lower Rhine	Millingen (junction at Pannerdens Kop)	209	162	15,767	Ruhr Lippe Wupper	Rothaargebirge Ebbe-Homert Eggegebirge	Cologne Dusseldorf Dortmund
Delta Rhine	Rotterdam ( Hoek van Holland ) Closing dike ( Kornwerderzand )	160 . 198	600	58,400	Maas Vechte Berkel	High Fens Ardennes Veluwe	Amsterdam Rotterdam Utrecht
Total (rounded)	Rotterdam ( Hoek van Holland ) Closing dike (Kornwerderzand)	1242 . 1280	2900	218,300	Aare Maas Moselle	Alps Jura Black Forest	Cologne Amsterdam Frankfurt

A total of nine states have a share in the catchment area (in brackets the proportions of the Aare as the most water-rich and the Meuse as the longest tributary):

• Switzerland: 27,873 km² (of which Aare 17,666 km²)
• Italy: 51 km²
• Liechtenstein: 160 km²
• Austria: 2360 km²
• Germany: 109,918 km² (of which Maas 3,984 km²)
• France: 31,400 km² (of which Maas 8920 km² and Aare 113 km²)
• Belgium: 14,660 km² (of which Maas 13,900 km²)
• Luxembourg: 2585 km² (of which Maas 65 km²)
• Netherlands: 29,300 km² (of which Maas 6600 km²)

In Germany, the Rhine has the river code number 2 , in Switzerland the river code number 1 and in France the river code number A --- 0000 . Additional digits are added to identify the tributaries. The index is longer, the more intermediate waters are flowed through.

Complicated water structure and data situation

The available data on the length, water flow and catchment area of ​​the Rhine differ remarkably from one another. The particular peculiarities of the river system in the area of ​​the Delta Rhine, i.e. the area of ​​the river bifurcations in the Netherlands , mainly affect the catchment area and volume information , while those of the source areas in the Swiss Alps affect information on the length and location of springs .

Electricity system above the Delta Rhine

For the river system of the Rhine, above the division into several arms near the Dutch-German border, there are quite clear, hardly scattering measurements. At the fork, the catchment area is around 159,900 km². Representative runoff data for this catchment area is provided by the Emmerich gauge located 15 kilometers above the river (for 99.9% of the area). There the Rhine carries an average of around 2300 cubic meters of water per second (m³ / s). This value has also been given for the Dutch Lobith gauge at the fork point since 2010 . Up to this point the water has traveled up to 1081 kilometers.

The longest flow path in the river system begins at the source of the Rein da Medel , one of the source branches of the longer of the two source rivers of the Rhine, the Vorderrhein . Its symbolic source (and that of the entire Rhine) is the Tomasee in the source area of ​​the Rein da Tuma . The larger source branch, which is richer in water, is, however, the Hinterrhein , the hydrological main strand of which, viewed upstream, soon leaves the Hinterrhein and, following the larger tributaries Albula and Landwasser , leads to the source of the Dischma Bach . This main strand of the Alpine Rhine is a good 4 kilometers shorter than the longest flow path. The main strand of the entire river system, however, begins at the Unteraar Glacier , from which the Aare flows . At the confluence with the Upper Rhine it is the significantly larger river, but only for the last 15 kilometers after the Reuss and Limmat have flowed towards it (see table of the river system).

The information on the catchment area of ​​the Rhine relate to the surface area, i.e. generally do not include the river basin of the Danube above the Danube sinking that drains to the Rhine via the Radolfzeller Aach . It covers around 900 km².

Electricity system of the Delta Rhine

Water distribution in the Rhine-Maas Delta: 10-year average and control according to inflow quantities

Below the first fork point, the Pannerden Kop , the Rhine becomes a network of watercourses that formed a common floodplain up to the dikes. One of the branches, however, has the character of a bifurcation : The IJssel , which splits off 11 kilometers west of the Pannerdens Kop from the north arm of the Pannerdens Canal in turn to the north , is finally separated from the other arms of the Rhine by the Veluwe, which rises about 100 meters (only occurs occasionally) small part of the IJssel water, depending on the control by the systems of the Delta Works , at the smallest of the five confluence points of the Rhine water, the IJ near Amsterdam , again on a small confluence of the main stream). Most of the IJssel water (around 450 m³ / s) reaches the open North Sea through the locks of the dike after being in the freshwater lake of the IJsselmeer for around two months . On its way, several tributaries flow to it from the right, including the name-giving Issel and the stately Vechte with a water flow of around 60 m³ / s (as Zwarte Water ).

In contrast to the IJssel, the continuation of the Pannerdens Canal, the Nederrijn , remains an indisputable part of the Rhine, also from a hydrological point of view. It was once the main stream, but then silted up more and more until the left main arm, the Waal , carried away around 90 percent of the Rhine water in the eighteenth century . After the construction of the Pannerdens Canal from 1701 to 1707, one third of the water was fed to the Nederrijn, of which it in turn gave a third to the IJssel. Since 1971 the Nederrijn has been regulated by barrages in such a way that the IJssel, the more important shipping route, has a more even drainage than in the Nederrijn and the IJssel near its confluence with the IJsselmeer with 390 m³ / s has approximately the same amount of water. The Nederrijn is still the more powerful flood channel. Near the junction with the Amsterdam-Rhine Canal (which leads off another part of the Rhine water to the IJ near Amsterdam) it merges into the Lek , which later meets the northern branches of the main stream.

This dominant main stream of the Rhine is the Waal, which flows westwards from the fork point Pannerdens Kop . From the former mouth of the Maas, which was moved to the sea in 1904, it takes on the name Merwede . The river forks at Werkendam into the Untere (Beneden) Merwede, which continues to the right, and into the broad Neue (Nieuwe) Merwede, which was dug until 1874 and originally took up two thirds of the water flow. Since the construction of the Haringvliet dam in 1970, the outflow at the Merwede fork has also been stabilized in the northern arm, which is more important for shipping, whereas the southern arm, the Nieuwe Merwede , is only used primarily for flood drainage .

The Nieuwe Merwede passes over at the new confluence of the Meuse, which flows from the left as Amer, into the even wider Hollands Diep . The western continuation of this former bay, the Haringvliet , is separated from the North Sea by the Haringvliet dam. Its large outlet sluices keep the elongated freshwater lake at a mean level of one meter above sea level, which means that, with normal and low water flow, almost all of the Rhine and Maas water is pushed through the Beneden Merwede and two other connections to the north, towards Dordrecht and Rotterdam becomes. During floods, however, the water from these connections flows in the opposite direction to the southern main channel and ultimately reaches the Haringvliet locks. In and around Rotterdam all watercourses, including the Lek to the Nieuwe Waterweg , the most important mouth of the Rhine system to the open sea, converge.

The river system below the first fork not only drains a very large part of the entire river basin; important tributaries flow there with the Meuse and Vechte. Without the interventions in the course of the 20th century, the Vechte would flow into the Zuiderzee today as an independent river (construction of the final dike in 1932), and the Meuse would not have been as a from 1904 to 1970 (between the laying as Bergsche Maas and the construction of the Haringvlietdamm) independent electricity reaches the North Sea bays. These historical processes are one reason why not only the Vechte, but also (almost regularly) the Maas is currently treated as an independent river.

With the Vechte, Maas and IJssel tributaries, around 58,400 km² are added to the 159,900 km² catchment area above the junction. The purely hydrologically defined river system of the Rhine drains an area of ​​218,300 km². Excluding the Meuse (around 33,000 km² including the southern tributaries of the Hollands Diep with around 2,000 m²), the catchment area of ​​the Rhine covers 185,300 km². If one considers the IJssel including the IJsselmeer catchment area of ​​around 20,000 km² as a bifurcation and thus as "lost" for the Rhine, around 165,300 km² remain as a river basin of the Rhine. If one also calculates the areas draining north of the Lek to the IJ and the North Sea Canal (1700 km²), 163,600 km² remain or, with the Maas, 196,600 km².

A distinction must be made between catchment areas and administratively defined river basin units to which, for practical reasons, small neighboring coastal catchment areas are added. The Meuse is managed as a separate river basin district; it also includes the left tributaries of the Hollands Diep and the former estuary areas up to the Scheldt estuary. River basin units corresponding to the catchment area of ​​the Rhine of 185,300 km² are given with areas of 189,000 km², which includes the coastline, or 191,000 km², which also includes the offshore West Frisian Islands and the Wadden Sea ( International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine , WFD reports). The 12 nautical mile zone can also be included for river basin management , which is reflected in the area data of around 197,000 km². This may give rise to the widespread but incorrect information on the catchment area of ​​the Rhine (excluding the Maas) of 200,000 km².

Depending on the reference area, the following mean runoff values ​​result for the Rhine system:

Discharge values ​​of the Rhine system according to the definition of the catchment area

	Catchment area above the branches	Catchment area without the Meuse, with the IJsselmeer	Catchment area with the Meuse, without the IJsselmeer	Catchment area with Meuse and IJsselmeer
Area in km²	159,900	185,300	196,600	218,300
Discharge in m³ / s	2300	2550	2450	2900

Geological development of the Rhine system

Landscape history framework

Oligocene : Rhine Graben as strait Alpidic chains in Paratethys -Sea

The emergence of the Rhine system was initially a marginal event within a primarily tectonic process structure that ultimately led to the folding of the Alps . Due to the convergence of the continental masses of Africa and Europe at that time, the deep Tethys Sea in between had already been largely pushed together. In the earliest Neogene almost 30 million years ago, the first alpine mountain ranges from the Tethys Sea appeared and soon divided it into several foreland depressions . The sometimes marine , sometimes limnic northern depression separated the Alps from the rather flat bulging land mass in the area of ​​today's low mountain range threshold . Rift structures in the line of the later Upper Rhine Rift have existed here since the Oligocene . These were followed in Rupelian even a strait , which was then the even bigger North Sea basin with the narrow Helvetmeer and Paratethys in today's Alpine foothills association.

Primordial Rhine system without an alpine catchment area (Neogen)

In today's area of ​​the High Rhine, towards the end of the Miocene , an east-facing river began to form, which can be regarded as the original Danube . At the same time, the southern part of the rift valley in the Black Forest and Vosges region rose and formed a transverse watershed from which the water flowing to the northwest reached the North Sea basin. The Rhenish Slate Mountains were hardly prominent, but rather a hilly landscape through which the Ur-Rhine , hardly larger than the Maas, flowed in a wide valley. It deposited a large part of its sediment load above, in the subsidence area of ​​the northern Rhine Graben ( Dinotheriensande in today's Rheinhessen ), so that in the Lower Rhine Bay the river deposits up to the Lower Pliocene dominated by the then largest tributary, the Moselle ( Vallendar gravel ), which has been detectable since the Eocene are. Today's upper and middle reaches of the Main and Neckar still belonged to various left tributaries of the Danube system, which extended as far as North Hesse and whose main source river in the Pliocene three to four million years ago was the upper Rhone (so-called Aare-Danube ).

Rhine system with alpine upper reaches (Pleistocene)

With the advancing uplift of the upper Danube system, it was increasingly reached by receding erosion from neighboring, lower lying river areas. With each diversion of the river, this system became smaller again. In contrast, the sinking Upper Rhine Graben promoted deep erosion in the surrounding Rhine area, which from then on led to its enlargement in almost all directions and which to this day is particularly at the expense of the Danube area.

The most momentous event in the development of the Rhine system in the older Pleistocene was the overflow of the Aare-Danube, which was previously diverted over the Burgundian Gate and the Saône (at this stage also called Aare-Sundgaustrom or Proto-Rhône ) , in the later Pliocene. . It suddenly turned the Rhine into a great river. The Aare-Sundgaustrom had graveled the southern Upper Rhine Rift so far that it finally overflowed the sinking watershed in the area of ​​the Kaiserstuhl volcano, which had been extinct for more than ten million years .

In a similar way or by tapping , several earlier Danube tributaries were diverted one after the other towards the Main, which received its characteristic change of direction today. For the same reason, the Neckar and its tributaries show similar changes of direction. The only major loss of catchment area was around a million years ago when today's Aisne was diverted to the Oise and thus to the Seine river system. Today the bar flows through the deserted valley to the Meuse. A significant increase in the amount of runoff occurred in the middle Pleistocene, perhaps 450,000 years ago, when the main source flow of the remaining Danube system, today's Alpine Rhine, erupted towards the Upper Rhine Rift and gave rise to today's High Rhine Valley .

During the Saale Cold Age , 250,000 years ago, the Meuse lost its upper reaches to the Moselle. Most recently (less than 70,000 years ago) the Wutach cut off the upper reaches of the rest of the Danube in the southern Black Forest and since then has also fed its water to the Rhine. At the moment there is an underground tapping of the Danube towards the Rhine.

Developments in the mouth area

Rhine-Maas Delta

In the estuary, too, the alternation of cold and warm periods and the associated fluctuations in sea level have resulted in significant changes in the river system ( see also: Rhine-Maas-Delta ). During the Pliocene, the coastline lay further inland, and the Meuse and Rhine flowed separately at times. Later, at the beginning of the Pleistocene, the Meuse flowed significantly further east several times and flowed into the Rhine at the height of today's Krefeld . During the cold phases, the Rhine only reached the low-lying sea level west of today's Doggerbank , and the Weser , Ems and Thames were among its tributaries. During the maximum levels of the Elster and Saale inland ice sheets , their front was already pushing the Rhine westward from Düsseldorf . When the ice advances were less extensive, in the area of ​​today's North Sea, the Rhine was dammed into a large lake in front of the ice front, which overflowed to the west through today's land-based road from Dover and in the area of ​​today's English Channel also took up the Seine as a tributary. In the course of the Pleistocene, the cold-age situations with low sea levels lasted longer than the warm-age situations comparable to the present.

Anthropogenic changes

Human interventions for different purposes led to further changes in the river system. Especially in the Alpine region, the water flow is being greatly changed by hydropower plants with bypass tunnels under important watersheds. The discharge is modified over a large area by systems such as the Lake Constance water supply or the Danube-Main crossing (around 8 m³ / s). The extent to which the Roman Drusus Canal influenced the bifurcation of the IJssel is the subject of research. In the 16th century the upper reaches of the Sambre was diverted to the Oise and thus to the river system of the Seine. At the moment, the flow regime is being artificially changed , particularly by the delta works in the mouth of the Rhine.

Hydrological data of the river sections and their direct and indirect tributaries

In the following tables for the subwaters of the river system, the rivers and river arms are listed whose mean water flow exceeds 20 m³ / s, which are longer than 100 kilometers, or whose catchment area covers more than 1,100 square kilometers. The tables are structured according to sections of the course of the Rhine.

Indirect tributaries (second or higher order ) are also taken into account here. In addition to the confluence points, the source points of the correspondingly named river section are given, but also those of the longest and the most water-rich flow path; these three strands are ideally identical, but often fall apart. The values ​​can be sorted. (Sorting the first column restores the original order.) Sections of the river and estuary are shown in brackets. With them, the highest point of the catchment area only refers to the additional area, otherwise the Finsteraarhorn would always have to be mentioned below the High Rhine .

By far the most water-rich tributary is the 288-kilometer-long Aare , which, with an average discharge of 560 m³ / s at the confluence, clearly exceeds the Rhine, which approaches 445 m³ / s. By far the longest tributary is the 874 kilometer long Maas , which feeds the main branch of the Rhine 40 kilometers before it flows into the North Sea on average around 357 m³ / s of water. It was an independent stream from 1904 to 1970.

Section Alpine Rhine

Tributary (section, arm) mouth / transition:	MQ (mean outflow) (m³ / s)	EZG (single building) (km²)	Height max. of the EZG (m)	Height Munich dung (m)	Length (km)	calculated from	Main line (H) Longest line (L) from	Length (H) (km)	Length (L) (km)	Up km ship journey
Vorderrhein from left to: Alpenrhein	00053.8	001523	03614 ( Tödi )	0584	071.9	Source Tomarhein	Rein da Curnera (H) Rein da Medel (L)	0076.8	0077.3
Hinterrhein from right to: Alpenrhein	00059.6	001704	03418 ( Piz Kesch )	0584	064.9	Source Hinterrhein	Scalettabach - Dischmabach (H) Dischmabach (L)	0073.0	0074.1
Albula from the right in: Hinterrhein	00029.1	000954	03418 ( Piz Kesch )	0652	039.9	Source Albula	Scalettabach - Dischmabach (H) Dischmabach (L)	0059.0	0060.1
(Hinterrhein before Albula) further as: Hinterrhein	00027.3	000631	03402 ( Rheinwaldhorn )	0652	050.6	Source Hinterrhein	Bergalgabach - Avers Rhine (H)	0044.8	0050.6
Landquart from the right in: Alpenrhein	00024.3	000618	03298 ( Verstanclahorn )	0512	038.3	Beginning as Landquart	Jöribach - Vereinabach (H) Vernelabach - Vereinabach (L)	0050.1	0051.6
Ill from right in: Alpenrhein	00065.8	001281	03312 ( Piz Buin )	0429	075.3	Ill source	Vermuntbach (H, L)	0076.8	0076.8
(Alpine Rhine) in: Lake Constance	00228	006119	03614 ( Tödi )	0395.3	094.7	Beginning as the Alpine Rhine	Dischmabach (H) Rein da Medel (L)	0167.7	0172.0

Section Bodensee / Upper Rhine

Tributary (section, arm) mouth / transition:	MQ (mean outflow) (m³ / s)	EZG (single building) (km²)	Height max. of the EZG (m)	Height Munich dung (m)	Length (km)	calculated from	Main line (H) Longest line (L) from	Length (H) (km)	Length (L) (km)	Up km ship journey
Bregenz Ach from the right in: Lake Constance	00046.2	000835	02649 ( Braunarlspitze )	0395.3	067.0	Source Bregenz Ach	Haasenbach (H, L)	0069.6	0069.6
Argen from the right in: Bodensee	00019.5	000654.6	01254 ( Salmaser height )	0489.1	023.4	Start as bad	Kirchholzbach - Börlasbach - Lower Argen (H, L)	0094.3	0094.3
( Bodensee - Seerhein ) to the Upper Rhine	00364	011487	03614 ( Tödi )	0395.1	063.8	Mouth of the Alpine Rhine	Dischmabach (H) Rein da Medel (L)	0231.5	0235.8	0024
Thur from the left in: Hochrhein	00047	001750	02502 ( Säntis )	0345	0134.6	Source Thur		0134.6	0134.6	0065.0
Seebach - Gutach - Wutach from the right in: Rhine	00018.1	001139.6	01493 ( Feldberg )	0315	091	Source Seebach	Sägenbach - Seebach - Gutach - Wutach (H, L)	0092.9	0092.9
Kander from left to: Aare	00042.6	001126	03698 ( Balmhorn )	0557.5	046.1	Source Kander	Kander (H) Trüebbach - Simme (L)	0046.1	0063.0
Voice from the left in: Kander	00021.1	000594	03244 ( Wildstrubel )	0578	055.4	Source Simme	Simme (H) Trüebbach (L)	0055.4	0059.2
(Aare before Kander) continues as: Aare	00068.4	001340	04274 ( Finsteraarhorn )	0578	080	Unteraar glacier gate		0080	0080
Sarine - Saane from the left in: Aare	00054	001892	03248 ( Wildhorn )	0463	0126	Source Saane		0126	0126
Orbe - Zihl from the left in: Aare	00055.5	002672	01607 ( Chasseral )	0429	0118	Source Bief Noir		0118	0118
Emme from the right into: Aare	00020th	000983	02350 ( Brienzer Rothorn )	0425	081.9	Source Emme		00 81.9	00 81.9
Reuss from the right in: Aare	00140	003425	03630 ( Dammastock )	0330	0164.4	Source Furkareuss		0164.4	0164.4
Linth - Limmat from the right in: Aare	00101	002416	03614 ( Tödi )	0328	0131	Beginning as Linth	Oberstafelbach - Sandbach - Linth (H, L)	0141	0141
Aare from the left into: Hochrhein	00559.6	017720	04274 ( Finsteraarhorn )	0311	0288.2	Unteraar Glacier Gate		0288.2	0288.2	0102.2
( Hochrhein above Aare) further than: Hochrhein	00496.5	015944	03614 ( Tödi )	0311	079.3	Outflow Untersee	Dischmabach (H) Rein da Medel (L)	0310.8	0315.1
(Hochrhein unterh. Aare) to the Upper Rhine	01051	035878	04274 ( Finsteraarhorn )	0240	063.9	Estuary Aare	Aare (H) Rein da Medel (L)	0352.1	0379.0	0166.64

Upper Rhine section

Tributary (section, arm) mouth / transition:	MQ (mean outflow) (m³ / s)	EZG (single building) (km²)	Height max. of the EZG (m)	Height Munich dung (m)	Length (km)	calculated from	Main line (H) Longest line (L) from	Length (H) (km)	Length (L) (km)	Up km ship journey
Elz from the right in: Upper Rhine	00023.1	001481	01493 ( Feldberg (Schw.) )	0154	090	Elzquelle	Heubach - Wilde Gutach (H) Elz (L)	0085	0090	0253
Kinzig from the right in: Upper Rhine	00027.0	001406.2	01084 (Zinswald near Schönwald )	0134	093.3	Source Kinzig	Little Kinzig (H, L)	0096.3	0096.3	0298
Ill from left in: Upper Rhine	00054	004760.5	01424 ( Great Belchen )	0127	0216.8	Ill source	Largue (H)	0216.3	0216.8	0311.7
Moder from the left in: Upper Rhine	00016.6	001720	0987 (Grossmann)	0113	082.1	Source Moder	Schnepfenbach - Muehlenbach - Schwarzbach - Falkensteinerbach - Northern Zinsel - Moder (H) Zorn - Moder (L)	0088.4	0121.2	0335
Nagold from the right in: Enz	00011.6	001144	0889 ( above the fields near Besenfeld )	0247	090.7	Nagold origin		0090.7	0090.7
Enz from the left in: Neckar	00023	002228.4	0988.8 ( Hohloh )	0170	0105	Source Poppelbach	Nagold (H, L)	0149	0149
Kocher from the right in: Neckar	00023.8	001961	0743.6 ( Volkmarsberg )	0148	0168	Kocher origin	Flax (H, L)	0201	0201
Jagst from the right in: Neckar	00018.4	001836	0720 (Maienberg)	0142.8	0190.2	Source Jagst		0190.2	0190.2
Neckar from the right into: Upper Rhine	00145	013934	01015.7 ( Lemberg )	0095	0367	Schwenninger Moos	Glasbach - bath. Eschach (H) Wuertt. Eschach (L)	0377	0384	0428
Pegnitz from right to: Regnitz	00011.5	001230.3	0652.6 ( Poppberg )	0282	0112.8	Pegnitz spring	Fichtenohe - Pegnitz (H, L)	0127.3	0127.3
Rednitz from left to: Regnitz	00013.9	002200	0637 ( Haunberg )	0282	046	Beginning as Rednitz	Franconian Rezat (H, L)	0103.1	0103.1
Regnitz from the left in: Main	00056.6	007523.3	0652.6 ( Poppberg )	0231.2	058.9	Beginning as Regnitz	Franconian Rezat - Rednitz (H, L)	0162.1	0162.1
(Main before Regnitz) continue as: Main	00044.7	004410	01051 ( Schneeberg (Fichtelgebirge) )	0231.2	0101	Start as Main	Oil carving - White Main (H) Red Main (L)	0127	0156
Franconian Saale from the right in: Main	00024.1	002764.8	0927.9 ( Dammersfeld- dome )	0154	0139.1	Saale source	Litter (H) spleen (L)	0137.0	0148.9
Tauber from the left in: Main	00010.1	001809.3	0554 ( Hornberg (Frankenhöhe) )	0133.5	0129.1	Source Tauber		0129.1	0129.1
Kinzig from the right in: Main	00011.0	001058.3	0733.1 ( Herchenhainer Höhe )	0099	086.0	Source Kinzig	Steinebach (L)	0086.0	0088.0
Nidda from the right in: Main	00013.1	001942.4	0773 ( baptismal font )	0095	089.7	Nidda source	Weather - Nidda (L)	0089.7	0109.7
Main from the right in: Upper Rhine	00225	027297	01051 ( Schneeberg (Fichtelgebirge) )	0082	0472	Start as Main	Frankische Rezat - Rednitz (H, L)	0553	0553	0496.5
( Upper Rhine ) to the Middle Rhine	01610	0103475	01493 ( Feldberg (Schw.) )	0079	0363.4	Beginning of the Upper Rhine	Aare (H) Rein da Medel (L)	0715.5	0742.4	0529.2

Middle Rhine section

Tributary (section, arm) mouth / transition:	MQ (mean outflow) (m³ / s)	EZG (single building) (km²)	Height max. of the EZG (m)	Height Munich dung (m)	Length (km)	calculated from	Main line (H) Longest line (L) from	Length (H) (km)	Length (L) (km)	Up km ship journey
Glan from right in: Nahe	00010.1	001222.0	0607.5 ( Obersteiner winter breath )	0131	089.7	Source Glan		0089.7	0089.7
Near from the left in: Middle Rhine	00030.5	004067	0816.3 ( Erbeskopf )	0079	0125.1	Source Nahe	Glan (L)	0125.1	0128.1	0529.2
Lahn from the right into: Middle Rhine	00052	005924.53	0879 ( Great Feldberg )	0061	0245.6	Source Lahn	Felda - Ohm (L)	0245.6	0250	0585.8
Meurthe from the right in: Mosel	00041.1	003085	01303 ( Gazon de Faite )	0189	0160.2	Source Meurthe		0160.2	0160.2
Seille from right into: Mosel	00010.5	001348	0419 (Côte de Savrony)	0160	0138	Source Ruisseau de Boule	Ruisseau de la Seille - Ruisseau de Nolweyer - Gros Ruisseau - Seille (H)	0138	0138
Orne from the left in: Moselle	00012.4	001268.2	0412 ( La Croix Castelle near Hattonchâtel )	0155	086	Source Orne	Ruisseau de Bezonvaux - Ruisseau de Noncévaux - Ruisseau de Vaux - Orne (H)	0081	0086
Alzette - Uelzecht from the right in: Sauer	00011.0	001172	0554.3 (weight at election )	0192	073	Source Alzette	Mess - Alzette (L)	0073	0074
Sûre - Sauer from the left in: Mosel	00053.8	004288.3	0697 ( black man )	0132	0173	Source Sûre		0173	0173
Burgalb - Schwarzbach from the left in: Blies	00010.4	001151.5	0603 (Preußenstein am Mosisberg )	0220	050.6	Source Burgalb	Eulmühlenbach - Aschbach - Moosalbe (H, L)	0050.6	0062.8
Blew from the right into: Saar	00020.7	001889	0603 (Preußenstein am Mosisberg )	0194	099.5	Source Blies	Eulmühlenbach - Aschbach - Moosalbe (H, L)	0109.5	0109.5
(Saar before Blies) continue as: Saar	00020.9	001784.7	0987 (north plateau des Noll (Vosges) )	0194	0121	Source Sarre Rouge		0121	0121
Nied française - Nied from the left in: Saar	00012.8	001340.4	0414 (Mottenberg)	0182	0114.0	Source de la Nied française	Upper course Nied française - Nied française - Nied (H) Rotte - Nied française - Nied (L)	0117	0119.4
Sarre - Saar from the right in: Moselle	00078.2	007415	0987 (north plateau des Noll (Vosges) )	0130.3	0232	Source Sarre Rouge		0232	0232
Kyll from the left in: Mosel	00010.2	000849.5	0690.3 ( white stone )	0123	0127.6	Source Kyll		0127.6	0127.6
Moselle - Moselle from the left in: Middle Rhine	00328	028153.5	01363 ( Hohneck )	0059	0544	Source Moselle	Ruisseau du Chitelet - Moselotte (H) Moselotte (L)	0558.0	0558.1	0592.3
Wied from right in: Rhine	00009.0	000770.8	0657.3 ( fox chews )	0063	0102.3	Source Wied		0102.3	0102.3
Victory from the right in: Middle Rhine	00053	002856.9	0675.9 ( Jagdberg )	0045	0155.2	Source victory	Ferndorfbach (H, L)	0156.7	0156.7	0659.3
( Middle Rhine ) to the Lower Rhine	02138	0144190	0879 ( Great Feldberg )	0045	0130.1	Beginning of the Middle Rhine	Aare (H) Rein da Medel (L)	0845.6	0872.5	0659.3

Lower Rhine section

Tributary (section, arm) mouth / transition:	MQ (mean outflow) (m³ / s)	EZG (single building) (km²)	Height max. of the EZG (m)	Height Munich dung (m)	Length (km)	calculated from	Main line (H) Longest line (L) from	Length (H) (km)	Length (L) (km)	Up km ship journey
Wupper from the right in: Rhine	00017.6	000813.4	0483.8 ( Wilde Kuhlen near Wilbringhausen )	037	0116.5	Source Wipper		0116.5	0116.5
Lenne from the left in: Ruhr	00030.1	001352.2	0841.9 ( Bald Asten )	0096	0129.1	Lenne source	Black Sieving (H)	0127.6	0129.1
(Ruhr before Lenne) continues as: Ruhr	00029.6	002088.9	0843.2 ( Langenberg (Rothaar Mountains) )	0096	0126.6	Ruhr source	Renau - Negro (H, L)	0129	0129
Ruhr from the right in: Niederrhein	00081.6	004485.4	0843.2 ( Langenberg (Rothaar Mountains) )	0020.2	0219.3	Ruhr source	Black Siepen (H) Lenne (L)	0220.3	0221.8	0780.2
Erft from the left in: Rhine	00017.3	001837.9	0588 ( Michelsberg )	031	0106.6	Source Kuhbach		0106.6	0106.6
Lippe from the right in: Niederrhein	00045	004887.7	0622 ( Bilstein (Briloner Heights))	0018th	0220.1	Lippe source	Pader (H) Alme (L)	0214.1	0267.9	0814.5
( Lower Rhine - Boven Rijn - Bijland Canal ) branches into: Waal / Pannerdens Kanaal	02300	0159957	0843.2 ( Langenberg (Rothaar Mountains) )	0010	0208.9	Beginning of the Lower Rhine	Aare (H) Rein da Medel (L)	01045.5	01081	0867.6

Delta Rhine section

Tributary (section, arm) mouth / transition:	MQ (mean outflow) (m³ / s)	EZG (single building) (km²)	Height max. of the EZG (m)	Height Munich dung (m)	Length (km)	calculated from	Main line (H) Longest line (L) from	Length (H) (km)	Length (L) (km)	Up km ship journey
( Pannerdens Canal - Nederrijn) branches in: Nederrijn / IJssel	00776	000000	0091.6 (Hettenheuvel)	0009	011	Pannerd. Kop				0878.6
Issel - Oude IJssel from the right in: IJssel	0009.5	001208	0133.8 (Helchenberg)	0006.7	0177.8	Source Issel	Black Vennbach - Bocholter Aa (H) Thesingbach - Bocholter Aa (L)	0176.7	0178.3
Berkel from the right in: IJssel	0009.5	000849	0172.3 (Billerbecker Berg)	0006th	0114.6	Source Berkel		0114.6	0114.6
Vechte - Zwarte Water from the right in: IJsselmeer	00060	005741	0187.6 ( Baumberge )	0000	0245	Vechte source	Steinfurter Aa (H, L)	0246	0246
( IJssel ) to: IJsselmeer	00412	004270	0171 ( tree mountains )	0000	0117.5	IJsselkop
( IJsselmeer via Stevin locks) in: North Sea	00318	019000	0187.6 ( Baumberge )	0000	065	IJssel estuary	Aare (H) Rein da Medel (L)	01239	01274.5
(IJsselmeer via Lorentz locks) in: North Sea	00220	019000	0187.6 ( Baumberge )	0000	070	IJssel estuary	Aare (H) Rein da Medel (L)	01244	01279.5
( Nederrijn ) branches in: Lek / Amsterdam- Rhein-Kan.	00386	000000	0109.9 (Signaal Imbosch)	0001	048.8	IJsselkop				0989
( Amsterdam-Rhine Canal - IJ ) in: North Sea	00090	002300	0064.5 (Vlakke Mountain)	0000	092.8	Canal junction	Aare (H) Rein da Medel (L)	01198	01233.5
( Lek ) from right to: Nieuwe Maas (1)	00340	000000	0009 ( Culemborg )	0000	059.9	Canal junction
( Waal - Boven Merwede ) branches in: Nieuwe Merwede / Beneden Merwede	01706	000000	0099.8 (Vlierenberg)	0001	092.5	Pannerd. Kop				0961.3
( Nieuwe Merwede ) to Hollands Diep (1)	00790	000000	0004 ( Werkendam )	0001	018.5	Division of Boven Merwede		01165.5	01192.4
Korn - Chiers from the right in: Meuse - Maas	00030.7	002222	0465 (Hatzebierg)	0155	0140	Source grain		0140	0140
Semoy - Semois from the right in: Meuse - Maas	00029.2	001350	0549 (Bois de Bernihè)	0140	0210	Source Setzbaach		0210	0210
Lesse from right in: Meuse - Maas	00019.9	001343.0	0587 ( Plaine Hé , Aérodrome de Saint-Hubert)	0092	094.5	Source Lesse	Lomme - Lesse (H, L)	0112	0112
Sambre from left in: Meuse - Maas	00028.6	002740	0313 (Bois de Renonseau)	0078	0193	Source Sambre
Ourthe from the right in: Meuse - Maas	00055.2	003624	0694.2 ( Botrange )	0060	0165	Start as Ourthe	Ourthe Occidentale (H, L)	0218	0218
Rur - Roer from the right in: Meuse - Maas	00026.1	002360.9	0694.2 ( Botrange )	0017th	0164.5	Source Rur	Wolfsseif - Jansbach - Olef - Urft (H, L)	0169	0169
Niers from the right in: Meuse - Maas	00007.8	001380.6	0108 (Holzweiler)	0009	0120	Source Niers		0117.7	0117.7
Dommel - Dieze from the left in: Meuse - Maas	00022nd	002600	0081 (Grote Heide)	0001	0120	Source Dommel		0120	0120
Meuse - Maas - Amer from left in: Hollands Diep (1)	00357	032736	0694.2 ( Botrange )	0001	0873.7	Source Meuse		0873.7	0873.7
( Hollands Diep (1)) branches into: Hollands Diep (2) / Dordtsche Kil	01140	000000	0694.2 ( Botrange )	0001	004.4	Estuary Amer (Maas)		01169.9	01196.8
(Hollands Diep (2)) branches into: Haringvliet / Spui	00890	000000	0694.2 ( Botrange )	0001	016.2	Beginning of Dordtsche Kil		01168.1	01213
( Haringvliet ) in: North Sea	00823	000000	0002 ( Hellevoetsluis )	0001	028.7	Haringvliet Bridge	Aare (H) Rein da Medel (L)	01214.8	01241.7
( Spui ) from left in: Oude Maas	00175	000000	0002 (Oud-Beijerland)	0000	017.1	Mouth of Spui				0995.3
( Beneden Merwede ) branches in: Oude Maas / Noord	00760	000000	0004 ( Sliedrecht )	0001	014.9	Division of Boven Merwede				0976.2
( Dordtsche Kil ) from left in: Oude Maas	00250	000000	0003 ( Dordrecht )	0001	009.4	Beginning of Dordtsche Kil				0980.5
( Oude Maas ) from left to: Scheur – Nieuwe Waterweg (/ Hartelkanaal)	00860	000000	0003 ( Dordrecht )	0000	030.4	Division of Beneden Merwede				01006.5
( Hartel Canal ) in: North Sea	00200	000000	0002	0000	024.2	Beginning of the Hartel Canal
( Noord ) from left to: Nieuwe Maas (1)	00325	000000	0003 ( Papendrecht )	0000	008.7	Division of Beneden Merwede				0984.8
( Nieuwe Maas ) from right to: Scheur – Nieuwe Waterweg	00660	000000	0002	0000	023.7	Beginning of the Nieuwe Maas				01013
(Scheur– Nieuwe Waterweg ) in: North Sea	01490	000000	0002	0000	022.2	Beginning of the Nieuwe Waterweg	Aare (H) Rein da Medel (L)	01214.5	01241.4	01033.6

Further tables, diagrams and lists

Water flow of the direct and indirect tributaries over 50 m³ / s:

Flow lengths of the direct and indirect tributaries over 200 km:

Direct and indirect tributaries (length> 50 km or EZG> 500 km² or MQ> 5 m³ / s)

Note: For the rivers recorded in the preceding tributary tables, the water data are not listed again.

• Vorderrhein L
  • Rein da Medel R, 25.8 km, 127.7 km², 7.2 m³ / s
  • Glenner R, 37.7 km, 382.0 km², 8.9 m³ / s
    • Valser Rhein R, 29.4 km, 186.3 km², 7.5 m³ / s
• Hinterrhein , R.
  • Averser Rhein R, 20.0 km, 261.0 km², 11.5 m³ / s
  • Albula R
    • Landwasser R, 36.1, 294.0 km², 9.3 m³ / s
    • Julia L, 37.5 km, 325.0 km², 10.5 m³ / s
• Plessur R, 34.2 km, 266.8 km², 8.1 m³ / s
• Landquart R.
• Tamina L 30.4 km, 155.5 km², 5.7 m³ / s
• Werdenberger inland canal L, 22.2 km, 188.0 km², 9.1 m³ / s
• Ill R
• Dornbirner Ach R, 29.9 km, 223.0 km², 6.9 m³ / s
• Bregenz Oh R
  • Weißach R, 32.6 km, 202.0 km², 6.2 m³ / s
    • Bolgenach L, 29.0 km, 83.0 km², 5.6 m³ / s
• Argen R
  • Lower Argen L, 70.1 km, 368.4 km², 8.6 m³ / s
  • Upper Argen R, 50.0 km, 219.7 km², 5.7 m³ / s
• Schussen R, 59.1 km, 815.0 km², 10.9 m³ / s
• Seefelder Aach R, 52.0 km, 287.0 km², 3.2 m³ / s
• Radolfzeller Aach R, 32.0 km, 261.0 km², 9.3 m³ / s
• Thur L
  • Sitter R, 58.7 km, 340.0 km², 11.9 m³ / s
• Töss L, 57.6 km, 441.6 km², 9.9 m³ / s
• Smooth L, 67.0 km, 416.0 km², 8.4 m³ / s
• Wutach R
  • Schlucht R, 28.9 km, 233 km², 5.1 m³ / s
• Aare L
  • Gadmerwasser R, 17.6 km, 168.9 km², 11.6 m³ / s
  • Lütschine L, 21.7 km, 380.0 km², 18.8 m³ / s
    • Weisse Lütschine L, 19.4 km, 165.0 km², 8.4 m³ / s
    • Black Lütschine R, 20.6 km, 179.9 km², 9.7 m³ / s
  • Kander L
    • Engstligen L, 22.6 km, 144.7 km², 5.1 m³ / s
    • Simme L
  • Saane L
    • Jaunbach R 27.2 km, 179.0 km², 9.2 m³ / s
    • Sense R, 32.2 km, 281.6 km², 9.8 m³ / s
  • Count L
    • Orbe L, 67.0 km, 488.0 km², 11.6 m³ / s
    • Areuse L, 31.7 km, 222.7 km², 11.9 m³ / s
    • Broye R, 88.9 km, 851.0 km², 11.4 m³ / s
  • Schüss L, 42.0 km, 216.0 km², 6.2 m³ / s
  • Emme R
    • Ilfis R, 23.7 km, 203.9 km², 5.9 m³ / s
  • Wigger R, 41.0 km, 380.2 km², 7.4 m³ / s
  • Suhre R, 34 km, 378.8 km², 6.4 m³ / s
  • Aabach R, 26.6 km, 302.7 km², 5.2 m³ / s
  • Reuss R
    • Göschener Reuss L, 12.9 km, 92.8 km², 5.8 m³ / s
    • Chärstelenbach R, 15.2 km, 116.7 km², 8.6 m³ / s
    • Schächen R, 18.0 km, 108.0 km², 6.2 m³ / s
    • Muota R, 29.0 km, 317.0 km², 19.1 m³ / s
    • Engelberger Aa L, 37.0 km, 227.0 km², 12.6 m³ / s
    • Sarner Aa L, 28.0 km, 267.0 km², 13.0 m³ / s
    • Kleine Emme L, 58.0 km, 478.0 km², 15.7 m³ / s
    • Lorze R, 30.7 km, 299.0 km², 7.3 m³ / s
  • Limmat R
    • Sernf R, 24.6 km, 210.1 km², 10.4 m³ / s
    • Seez R, 33.2 km, 203.6 km², 7.7 m³ / s
    • Wägitaler Aa L, 23.2 km, 90.1 km², 5.5 m³ / s
    • Sihl L, 68.0 km, 341.0 km², 13.2 m³ / s
• Alb R, 43.5 km, 241.19 km², 8.6 m³ / s
• Birs L, 73.0 km, 922.3 km², 15.4 m³ / s
• Wiese R, 57.8 km, 454.5 km², 11.8 m³ / s
• Elz R
  • Dreisam L, 48.8 km, 449.7 km², 8.6 m³ / s
• Kinzig R
  • Schutter L, 55.6 km, 340.3, 2.5 m³ / s
• Rench R, 57.0 km, 306.1 km², 5.4 m³ / s
• Acher R, 53.5 km, 448.0 km², 9.1 m³ / s
• Ill L
  • Largue L, 50.5 km, 277.1 km², 3.5 m³ / s
  • Thur L, 53.3 km, 261.7 km², 5.2 m³ / s
  • Fecht L, 49.1 km, 545.3 km², 6.9 m³ / s
  • Bruche L, 76.8 km, 727.3 km², 7.9 m³ / s
• Sauer L, 85.3 km, 805.5 km², 6.1 m³ / s
• Murg R, 80.2 km, 617.0 km², 18.4 m³ / s
• Moder L
  • Zorn R, 96.7 km, 757.2 km², 5.9 m³ / s
• Lauter L, 74.0 km, 382.2 km², 3.3 m³ / s
• Alb R, 51.1 km, 446.7 km², 2.8 m³ / s
• Pfinz R, 60.1 km, 311.0 km², 1.9 m³ / s
• Queich L, 51.6 km, 271.2 km², 1.8 m³ / s
• Saalbach R, 50.6 km, 261.0 km², 1.4 m³ / s
• Speyerbach L, 60.1 km, 595.8 km², 3.0 m³ / s
• Kraichbach R, 55.5 km, 388.0 km², 1.1 m³ / s
• Neckar R.
  • Eyach R, 50.4 km, 349.0 km², 3.1 m³ / s
  • Fils R, 62.9 km, 706.9 km², 9.9 m³ / s
  • Rems R, 78.4 km, 586.4 km², 6.6 m³ / s
  • Murr R, 51.5 km, 507.4 km², 5.6 m³ / s
  • Enz L
    • Nagold R
      • Würm R, 53.9 km, 418.3 km², 3.0 m³ / s
  • Cooker R
    • Lein L, 57.1 km, 249.7 km², 3.6 m³ / s
  • Jagst R
  • Elsenz L, 53.4 km, 543.1 km², 1.9 m³ / s
• Weschnitz R, 58.9 km, 435.7 km², 3.2 m³ / s
• Main R
  • Weißer Main R, 45.3 km, 636.0 km², 9.2 m³ / s
  • Roter Main L, 71.8 km, 519.0 km², 4.7 m³ / s
  • Rodach R, 53.0 km, 1009.9 km², 13.4 m³ / s
  • Itz R, 79.1 km, 1030.6 km², 9.3 m³ / s
  • Baunach R, 53.9 km, 426.2 km², 2.4 m³ / s
  • Regnitz L
    • Pegnitz R.
    • Rednitz L
      • Franconian Rezat L, 63.5 km, 453.8 km², 0.7 m³ / s
    • Wisent R, 78.0 km, 1041.0 km², 7.2 m³ / s
    • Aisch L, 83.0 km, 1006.8 km², 4.8 m³ / s
  • Wern R, 75.3 km, 600.9 km², 2.6 m³ / s
  • Franconian Saale R
    • Sinn R, 69.4 km, 622.6 km², 1.6 m³ / s
  • Deaf L
  • Mümling L, 59.7 km, 377.4 km², 3.9 m³ / s
  • Gersprenz L, 62.1 km, 513.0 km², 3.6 m³ / s
  • Kinzig R
  • Nidda R
    • Weather R, 68.8 km, 517.0 km², 3.0 m³ / s
    • Nidder L, 68.6 km, 435.7 km², 3.9 m³ / s
• Selz L, 63.0 km, 389.1 km², 0.7 m³ / s
• Near L
  • Simmerbach L, 57.2 km, 395.1 km²
  • Glan R
• Lahn R
  • Ohm L, 59.7 km, 983.8 km², 7.9 m³ / s
  • Dill R, 55.0 km, 717.7 km², 9.5 m³ / s
• Moselle L
  • Moselotte R, 48.0 km, 357.0 km², 13.7 m³ / s
  • Vologne R, 49.6 km, 369.0 km², 9.7 m³ / s
  • Madon L, 97.0 km, 1032.0 km², 11.1 m³ / s
  • Meurthe R
    • Vezouze R, 75.1 km, 563.4 km², 6.56 m³ / s
    • Mortagne L, 74.6 km, 581.7 km², 6.7 m³ / s
  • Rupt de Mad L, 54.6 km, 384.8 km², 3.7 m³ / s
  • Seille R
  • Orne L
  • Sour L
    • Alzette R
    • Our L, 96.1 km, 668.3 km², 9.4 m³ / s
    • Prüm L, 95.0 km, 888.8 km², 11.4 m³ / s
      • Nims L, 61.4 km, 297.7 km², 2.8 m³ / s
  • Saar R.
    • Blew R.
      • Schwarzbach L
        • Hornbach L, 32.8 km, 521.1 km², 4.6 m³ / s
    • Nied L
      • Nied Allemande R, 58.0 km, 366.9 km², 3.6 m³ / s
      • Nied Française L, 59.0 km, 504.0 km², 3.9 m³ / s
    • Prims R, 91.0 km, 737.0 km², 10.7 m³ / s
  • Kyll L
  • Salm L, 63.4 km, 298.5 km², 1.9 m³ / s
  • Lieser L, 73.6 km, 402.4 km², 3.5 m³ / s
  • Alf L, 51.9 km, 358.1 km², 4.5 m³ / s
  • Elzbach L, 58.9 km, 220.7 km²
• Nice L, 59.1 km, 372.4 km², 2.3 m³ / s
• Wied R
• Ahr L, 85.1 km, 897.5 km², 8.0 m³ / s
• Win R
  • Nister L, 63.8 km, 246.0 km², 4.3 m³ / s
  • Agger R, 63.8 km, 246.0 km², 4.3 m³ / s
• Wupper R
• Erft L
• Ruhr R
  • Volme L, 50.5 km, 427.8 km², 9.2 m³ / s
  • Lenne L
    • Bigge L, 44.5 km, 369.1 km², 8.6 m³ / s
  • Möhne R, 65.1 km, 468.6 km², 6.6 m³ / s
• Emscher R, 83.1 km, 775.5 km², 16.3 m³ / s
• Lip R
  • Alme L, 59.1 km, 763.0 km², 4.7 m³ / s
  • Ahse L, 50.0 km, 441.0 km², 4.6 m³ / s
  • Stever R, 58.0 km, 924.1 km², 5.5 m³ / s
• Issel R
  • Bocholter Aa R, 55.8 km, 534.0 km², 2.7 m³ / s
  • Loop R, 55.4 km, 196.5 km², 0.9 m³ / s
• Schipbeek R, 86 km, 352 km², 3.7 m³ / s
• Berkel R
• Vechte R
  • Dinkel R, 89.0 km, 642.7 km², 1.9 m³ / s
  • Regge L, 46.5 km, 880.0 km², 8.0 m³ / s
• Maas L
  • Mouzon R, 63.3 km, 414.9 km², 4.8 m³ / s
  • Vair R, 65.3 km, 459.5 km², 5.2 m³ / s
  • Aroffe R, 50.2 km², 265.4 km², 0.7 m³ / s
  • Chiers R
    • Tone R, 32.0 km, 318.0 km², 5.1 m³ / s
    • Othain R, 66.9 km, 256.6 km², 2.8 m³ / s
    • Loison L, 52.8 km, 357.0 km², 4.0 m³ / s
  • Bar L, 61.6 km, 424.9 km², 5.6 m³ / s
  • Sormonne L, 56.4 km, 411.0 km², 6.4 m³ / s
  • Semois R
    • Vierre R, 45.3 km, 267.0 km², 5.6 m³ / s
  • Viroin L, 22.0 km, 593.0 km², 8.1 m³ / s
  • Lesse R
    • Lomme R, 68.8 km, 480 km², 7.4 m³ / s
  • Sambre L
    • Helpe Mineure R, 50.4 km, 455.0 km², 3.8 m³ / s
    • Helpe Majeure R, 69.1 km, 765.0 km², 2.3 m³ / s
  • Mehaigne L, 59.0 km, 352.0 km², 2.5 m³ / s
  • Ourthe R
    • Ourthe Occidentale L, 56.0 km, 406.0 km², 7.2 m³ / s
    • Ourthe Orientale R, 46.0 km, 329.0 km², 5.7 m³ / s
    • Amel R, 93.0 km, 1080.0 km², 19.5 m³ / s
    • Weser R, 69.7 km, 695.5 km², 10.9 m³ / s
      • Hoëgne R, 30.0 km, 215 km², 6.3 m³ / s
  • Jeker L, 54.0 km, 463.0 km², 2.7 m³ / s
  • Göhl R, 58.0 km, 121.0 km², 1.5 m³ / s
  • Rur R
    • Urft R, 46.4 km, 376.0 km², 5.0 m³ / s
    • Inde L, 54.1 km, 374.2 km², 3.2 m³ / s
    • Worm L, 57.0 km, 355.5 km², 3.5 m³ / s
  • Niers R
  • Dommel - Dieze L
    • Aa R, 90.0 km, 800.0 km², 4.6 m³ / s

See also

• List of tributaries of the Rhine
• Rhine Glacier

Web links

• The runoff regime of the Rhine and its tributaries in the 20th century. Analysis, changes and trends
• Water quality parameters as hydrological tracers in the catchment area of ​​the Rhine

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Note: Even if the averaged runoff data for the water levels in the Delta Rhine area do not always appear consistent when viewed as a whole and show deviations depending on the source, the following values ​​approximately result for the confluence points: Kornwerderzand : 220 m³ / s, Den Oever : 310 m³ / s , IJmuiden : 90 m³ / s, Maasmond : 1450 m³ / s, Haringvliet : 820 m³ / s, Volkerak locks : 10 m³ / s; Total: 2900 m³ / s
2. ↑ Note: From the source of the Medelser Rhine
3. ↑ ^{a b} Note: The longest stretch of river in the river system over the IJssel to the locks of Kornwerderzand is 38 km longer than to Hoek van Holland.
4. ↑ Note: The published catchment area data for neighboring points spread around a good 300 km². The mean runoff values ​​are also different depending on the time series considered.
5. ↑ Note: Due to a different calculation method, 2200 m³ / s had always been specified previously (ProAqua: HYMOG, Hydrological Modeling Fundamentals in the Rheingebiet , Aachen 2011; p. 8)
6. ↑ Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety: Hydrological Atlas of Germany, excerpt from chap. 3.2 (PDF; 3.4 MB), accessed on October 14, 2012: ... the river catchment area of ​​the Maas can also be viewed as part of the Rhine basin.
7. ↑ ^{a b} Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety: Hydrological Atlas of Germany, excerpt from chap. 3.2 (PDF; 3.4 MB), accessed on October 14, 2012
8. ↑ Rijkswaterstaat Waterdienst: Voorverkenning korte Termijn peilbesluit IJsselgebied  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 2010, accessed October 15, 2012  
9. ↑ Rijkswaterstaat: Waterhuishouding en waterverdeling in Nederland ( Memento of the original from April 17, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 2.4 MB), 2011; P. 29 
10. ↑ ICPR: Delta Rhine processing area (PDF; 10.2 MB) 2009
11. ↑ Note: Value from the NRW river basin directory ( memento of the original from October 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 556 kB), rounded 
12. ↑ The value is obtained by subtracting the catchment areas of IJssel (20,000 km²) and the North Sea Canal / IJ (1700 km²) from the Rhine catchment area (185,300 km²) and adding the Maas catchment area (33,000 km²).
13. ↑ Madelaine Böhme , Manuela Aiglstorfer, Dieter Uhl , Ottmar Kullmer: The Antiquity of the Rhine River: Stratigraphic Coverage of the Dinotheriensande (Eppelsheim-Formation) of the Mainz Basin (Germany) , PLoS ONE 7 (5): e36817. doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0036817 , 2012
14. ↑ ^{a b} Wolfgang Boenigk : The river history development of the Lower Rhine Bay in the Young Tertiary and Old Quaternary  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Ice Age and the Present, vol. 28, 1978  
15. ↑ ^{a b} Frank Preusser: Characterization and evolution of the River Rhine system  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.9 MB) Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw vol. 87, no. 1, 2008  
16. ↑ Albert Pissart, Leendert Krook, Dominique Harmand: La capture de l'Aisne et les minéraux denses of alluvions de la Meuse dans les Ardennes , Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth and Planetary Science, vol 325,. 1997, pp. 411-417, doi: 10.1016 / S1251-8050 (97) 81158-5 .
17. ↑ Oskar Keller: When the Alpine Rhine turned from the Danube to the Upper Rhine (PDF; 2.0 MB) on the diversion of a river in the Ice Age in: Writings of the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings. Ostfildern 2009, pp. 193-208
18. ↑ ^{a b c d} Hydrological Atlas of Switzerland of the Federal Office for the Environment FOEN, Table_54
19. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Federal Office of Topography : Topographical river analyzes in the headwaters of the Rhine ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 2.8 MB), Bern 2011 
20. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} Swiss Confederation, Federal Office of Topography swisstopo: mapgeo viewer with measurement functions
21. ^ Measuring station Felsenbach 1926–2016 (PDF) Federal Office for the Environment FOEN
22. ↑ ^{a b c} LUBW State Institute for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg: Long-term behavior of Lake Constance water levels (PDF; 22.0 MB), Karlsruhe 2011
23. ↑ River kilometers in the Vorarlberg Atlas4 , accessed on March 8, 2014
24. ↑ Measurement in the Vorarlberg Atlas
25. ↑ Note: The Argen is included because data of just over 20 m³ / s exist for its mean discharge.
26. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} Note: For the sections of the Rhine below the Alpine Rhine, the information on the maximum height only relates to the part of the catchment area that is added with the respective flow section.
27. ↑ Measurement station Basel Rheinhalle 1891-2016 (PDF)
28. ↑ Agence de l'eau Rhin-Meuse: Calculated natural discharge values ​​of the Ill  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 31 kB), 2000, accessed on October 4, 2012  
29. ↑ Flood news service Bavaria: Pettstadt level data ( Memento of the original from October 5, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , increased by proportionate runoff from the intermediate catchment area 
30. ↑ Flood news service Bavaria: Level data Kemmern ( Memento of the original from October 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , increased by proportionate runoff from the intermediate catchment area 
31. ↑ ^{a b} Flood risk management plan, catchment area Bayerischer Main: Fränkische Saale water system
32. ↑ Catchment area: Catchment area Middle Rhine (see there) reduced by the value for the Middle Rhine without the Moselle according to the Rhine river basin community: The Middle Rhine (13548 km²), accessed on September 24, 2012, and by the value of the Moselle (28286 km²)
33. ↑ Grolsheim gauge
34. ↑ Sum of the Bonn (Rhine) and Menden (Sieg) level data
35. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i} Rijkswaterstaat, Rijksinstituut voor Kust en Zee / RIKZ: Tienjarig overzicht 1981-1990  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , The Hague  
36. ↑ ^{a b c d} Note: In the case of the mouths of the Rhine, only the catchment area added to the respective stretch of the river is calculated.
37. ^ Water balance on the North Sea and Amsterdam-Rhine canals
38. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} Interactive elevation map of the Netherlands
39. ↑ tributary of the Untersee; Catchment area with the Danube around 1200 km²
40. ↑ Note: Without Alte Dreisam ; at the LUBW, the Alte Dreisam is assigned to the Dreisam, although it flows into the Elz a few meters below the Dreisam.
    Values ​​with old Dreisam: catchment area 646.8.7 km²; Discharge 10.9 m³ / s.