River system of the Rhine
The river system of the Rhine includes all watercourses that drain over the Rhine and its estuary and thus a catchment area of almost 220,000 km². From there it discharges an average of around 2900 m³ / s of water into the North Sea.
Location and structure
The river system of the Rhine is the largest north-west of the European main watershed after the water flow and the second largest after the catchment area (after that of the Neva ). The neighboring areas to the west are those of the Scheldt and Seine . The adjacent river basins of the Rhone and the Po in the south and southeast drain to the Mediterranean Sea , that of the Danube to the Black Sea . The river basins of Elbe , Weser and Ems border to the east .
The Rhine flows through very different natural areas in a generally north-north-westerly direction . The headwaters of the Rhine are located in the transition area between the Western and Eastern Alps . After the Rhine as glacier-fed mountain rivers the Alps leave and as border between Austria and Switzerland the Bodensee has reached, he crossed to the west gradient reaching the northern foothills of the Alps and receives here the Aare his most water creek. At the bend of the Rhine in Basel, the Rhine drains a good sixth of its catchment area, but with around 1040 m³ / s (over a third of the estuary discharge) it is already richer in water than any other North Sea inflow. Here the catchment area is markedly constricted by the neighboring river systems of the Rhone and Danube , which goes back to the more recent history of the river system. Its now north-facing, canalised course through the flat, a geological ditch filling the Upper Rhine lowlands is flanked by the rain-rich Black Forest and Vosges mountains , from which more than 250 m³ / s of its water flow comes from; However, half of this only reaches the Rhine via the tributaries Neckar (right) and Moselle (left). In front of its narrow valley through the low mountain range threshold, it receives the Main, its longest right tributary, and soon afterwards the Nahe from the left . In the Neuwied Basin , which divides the Middle Rhine Valley into two sections, the Lahn join from the right and the mighty Moselle from the left. The initially very densely populated Lower Rhine lowlands begin at the mouth of the Sieg near Bonn . In the area of the Ruhr area , the Ruhr and Lippe flow from the right . On the other side of the Dutch border, the river forks several times into mostly regulated watercourses and canals, with the Waal flowing to the west taking up two thirds of the amount of water. Shortly before it flows into the North Sea, the main arm of the Rhine flows from the left to the Maas, which is over 870 kilometers long .
The course of the Rhine is divided into six sections according to the landscapes it flows through:
A total of nine states have a share in the catchment area (in brackets the proportions of the Aare as the most water-rich and the Meuse as the longest tributary):
- Switzerland: 27,873 km² (of which Aare 17,666 km²)
- Italy: 51 km²
- Liechtenstein: 160 km²
- Austria: 2360 km²
- Germany: 109,918 km² (of which Maas 3,984 km²)
- France: 31,400 km² (of which Maas 8920 km² and Aare 113 km²)
- Belgium: 14,660 km² (of which Maas 13,900 km²)
- Luxembourg: 2585 km² (of which Maas 65 km²)
- Netherlands: 29,300 km² (of which Maas 6600 km²)
In Germany, the Rhine has the river code number 2 , in Switzerland the river code number 1 and in France the river code number A --- 0000 . Additional digits are added to identify the tributaries. The index is longer, the more intermediate waters are flowed through.
Complicated water structure and data situation
The available data on the length, water flow and catchment area of the Rhine differ remarkably from one another. The particular peculiarities of the river system in the area of the Delta Rhine, i.e. the area of the river bifurcations in the Netherlands , mainly affect the catchment area and volume information , while those of the source areas in the Swiss Alps affect information on the length and location of springs .
Electricity system above the Delta Rhine
For the river system of the Rhine, above the division into several arms near the Dutch-German border, there are quite clear, hardly scattering measurements. At the fork, the catchment area is around 159,900 km². Representative runoff data for this catchment area is provided by the Emmerich gauge located 15 kilometers above the river (for 99.9% of the area). There the Rhine carries an average of around 2300 cubic meters of water per second (m³ / s). This value has also been given for the Dutch Lobith gauge at the fork point since 2010 . Up to this point the water has traveled up to 1081 kilometers.
The longest flow path in the river system begins at the source of the Rein da Medel , one of the source branches of the longer of the two source rivers of the Rhine, the Vorderrhein . Its symbolic source (and that of the entire Rhine) is the Tomasee in the source area of the Rein da Tuma . The larger source branch, which is richer in water, is, however, the Hinterrhein , the hydrological main strand of which, viewed upstream, soon leaves the Hinterrhein and, following the larger tributaries Albula and Landwasser , leads to the source of the Dischma Bach . This main strand of the Alpine Rhine is a good 4 kilometers shorter than the longest flow path. The main strand of the entire river system, however, begins at the Unteraar Glacier , from which the Aare flows . At the confluence with the Upper Rhine it is the significantly larger river, but only for the last 15 kilometers after the Reuss and Limmat have flowed towards it (see table of the river system).
The information on the catchment area of the Rhine relate to the surface area, i.e. generally do not include the river basin of the Danube above the Danube sinking that drains to the Rhine via the Radolfzeller Aach . It covers around 900 km².
Electricity system of the Delta Rhine
Below the first fork point, the Pannerden Kop , the Rhine becomes a network of watercourses that formed a common floodplain up to the dikes. One of the branches, however, has the character of a bifurcation : The IJssel , which splits off 11 kilometers west of the Pannerdens Kop from the north arm of the Pannerdens Canal in turn to the north , is finally separated from the other arms of the Rhine by the Veluwe, which rises about 100 meters (only occurs occasionally) small part of the IJssel water, depending on the control by the systems of the Delta Works , at the smallest of the five confluence points of the Rhine water, the IJ near Amsterdam , again on a small confluence of the main stream). Most of the IJssel water (around 450 m³ / s) reaches the open North Sea through the locks of the dike after being in the freshwater lake of the IJsselmeer for around two months . On its way, several tributaries flow to it from the right, including the name-giving Issel and the stately Vechte with a water flow of around 60 m³ / s (as Zwarte Water ).
In contrast to the IJssel, the continuation of the Pannerdens Canal, the Nederrijn , remains an indisputable part of the Rhine, also from a hydrological point of view. It was once the main stream, but then silted up more and more until the left main arm, the Waal , carried away around 90 percent of the Rhine water in the eighteenth century . After the construction of the Pannerdens Canal from 1701 to 1707, one third of the water was fed to the Nederrijn, of which it in turn gave a third to the IJssel. Since 1971 the Nederrijn has been regulated by barrages in such a way that the IJssel, the more important shipping route, has a more even drainage than in the Nederrijn and the IJssel near its confluence with the IJsselmeer with 390 m³ / s has approximately the same amount of water. The Nederrijn is still the more powerful flood channel. Near the junction with the Amsterdam-Rhine Canal (which leads off another part of the Rhine water to the IJ near Amsterdam) it merges into the Lek , which later meets the northern branches of the main stream.
This dominant main stream of the Rhine is the Waal, which flows westwards from the fork point Pannerdens Kop . From the former mouth of the Maas, which was moved to the sea in 1904, it takes on the name Merwede . The river forks at Werkendam into the Untere (Beneden) Merwede, which continues to the right, and into the broad Neue (Nieuwe) Merwede, which was dug until 1874 and originally took up two thirds of the water flow. Since the construction of the Haringvliet dam in 1970, the outflow at the Merwede fork has also been stabilized in the northern arm, which is more important for shipping, whereas the southern arm, the Nieuwe Merwede , is only used primarily for flood drainage .
The Nieuwe Merwede passes over at the new confluence of the Meuse, which flows from the left as Amer, into the even wider Hollands Diep . The western continuation of this former bay, the Haringvliet , is separated from the North Sea by the Haringvliet dam. Its large outlet sluices keep the elongated freshwater lake at a mean level of one meter above sea level, which means that, with normal and low water flow, almost all of the Rhine and Maas water is pushed through the Beneden Merwede and two other connections to the north, towards Dordrecht and Rotterdam becomes. During floods, however, the water from these connections flows in the opposite direction to the southern main channel and ultimately reaches the Haringvliet locks. In and around Rotterdam all watercourses, including the Lek to the Nieuwe Waterweg , the most important mouth of the Rhine system to the open sea, converge.
The river system below the first fork not only drains a very large part of the entire river basin; important tributaries flow there with the Meuse and Vechte. Without the interventions in the course of the 20th century, the Vechte would flow into the Zuiderzee today as an independent river (construction of the final dike in 1932), and the Meuse would not have been as a from 1904 to 1970 (between the laying as Bergsche Maas and the construction of the Haringvlietdamm) independent electricity reaches the North Sea bays. These historical processes are one reason why not only the Vechte, but also (almost regularly) the Maas is currently treated as an independent river.
With the Vechte, Maas and IJssel tributaries, around 58,400 km² are added to the 159,900 km² catchment area above the junction. The purely hydrologically defined river system of the Rhine drains an area of 218,300 km². Excluding the Meuse (around 33,000 km² including the southern tributaries of the Hollands Diep with around 2,000 m²), the catchment area of the Rhine covers 185,300 km². If one considers the IJssel including the IJsselmeer catchment area of around 20,000 km² as a bifurcation and thus as "lost" for the Rhine, around 165,300 km² remain as a river basin of the Rhine. If one also calculates the areas draining north of the Lek to the IJ and the North Sea Canal (1700 km²), 163,600 km² remain or, with the Maas, 196,600 km².
A distinction must be made between catchment areas and administratively defined river basin units to which, for practical reasons, small neighboring coastal catchment areas are added. The Meuse is managed as a separate river basin district; it also includes the left tributaries of the Hollands Diep and the former estuary areas up to the Scheldt estuary. River basin units corresponding to the catchment area of the Rhine of 185,300 km² are given with areas of 189,000 km², which includes the coastline, or 191,000 km², which also includes the offshore West Frisian Islands and the Wadden Sea ( International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine , WFD reports). The 12 nautical mile zone can also be included for river basin management , which is reflected in the area data of around 197,000 km². This may give rise to the widespread but incorrect information on the catchment area of the Rhine (excluding the Maas) of 200,000 km².
Depending on the reference area, the following mean runoff values result for the Rhine system:
Catchment area above the branches |
Catchment area without the Meuse, with the IJsselmeer |
Catchment area with the Meuse, without the IJsselmeer |
Catchment area with Meuse and IJsselmeer |
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Area in km² | 159,900 | 185,300 | 196,600 | 218,300 |
Discharge in m³ / s | 2300 | 2550 | 2450 | 2900 |
Geological development of the Rhine system
Landscape history framework
The emergence of the Rhine system was initially a marginal event within a primarily tectonic process structure that ultimately led to the folding of the Alps . Due to the convergence of the continental masses of Africa and Europe at that time, the deep Tethys Sea in between had already been largely pushed together. In the earliest Neogene almost 30 million years ago, the first alpine mountain ranges from the Tethys Sea appeared and soon divided it into several foreland depressions . The sometimes marine , sometimes limnic northern depression separated the Alps from the rather flat bulging land mass in the area of today's low mountain range threshold . Rift structures in the line of the later Upper Rhine Rift have existed here since the Oligocene . These were followed in Rupelian even a strait , which was then the even bigger North Sea basin with the narrow Helvetmeer and Paratethys in today's Alpine foothills association.
Primordial Rhine system without an alpine catchment area (Neogen)
In today's area of the High Rhine, towards the end of the Miocene , an east-facing river began to form, which can be regarded as the original Danube . At the same time, the southern part of the rift valley in the Black Forest and Vosges region rose and formed a transverse watershed from which the water flowing to the northwest reached the North Sea basin. The Rhenish Slate Mountains were hardly prominent, but rather a hilly landscape through which the Ur-Rhine , hardly larger than the Maas, flowed in a wide valley. It deposited a large part of its sediment load above, in the subsidence area of the northern Rhine Graben ( Dinotheriensande in today's Rheinhessen ), so that in the Lower Rhine Bay the river deposits up to the Lower Pliocene dominated by the then largest tributary, the Moselle ( Vallendar gravel ), which has been detectable since the Eocene are. Today's upper and middle reaches of the Main and Neckar still belonged to various left tributaries of the Danube system, which extended as far as North Hesse and whose main source river in the Pliocene three to four million years ago was the upper Rhone (so-called Aare-Danube ).
Rhine system with alpine upper reaches (Pleistocene)
With the advancing uplift of the upper Danube system, it was increasingly reached by receding erosion from neighboring, lower lying river areas. With each diversion of the river, this system became smaller again. In contrast, the sinking Upper Rhine Graben promoted deep erosion in the surrounding Rhine area, which from then on led to its enlargement in almost all directions and which to this day is particularly at the expense of the Danube area.
The most momentous event in the development of the Rhine system in the older Pleistocene was the overflow of the Aare-Danube, which was previously diverted over the Burgundian Gate and the Saône (at this stage also called Aare-Sundgaustrom or Proto-Rhône ) , in the later Pliocene. . It suddenly turned the Rhine into a great river. The Aare-Sundgaustrom had graveled the southern Upper Rhine Rift so far that it finally overflowed the sinking watershed in the area of the Kaiserstuhl volcano, which had been extinct for more than ten million years .
In a similar way or by tapping , several earlier Danube tributaries were diverted one after the other towards the Main, which received its characteristic change of direction today. For the same reason, the Neckar and its tributaries show similar changes of direction. The only major loss of catchment area was around a million years ago when today's Aisne was diverted to the Oise and thus to the Seine river system. Today the bar flows through the deserted valley to the Meuse. A significant increase in the amount of runoff occurred in the middle Pleistocene, perhaps 450,000 years ago, when the main source flow of the remaining Danube system, today's Alpine Rhine, erupted towards the Upper Rhine Rift and gave rise to today's High Rhine Valley .
During the Saale Cold Age , 250,000 years ago, the Meuse lost its upper reaches to the Moselle. Most recently (less than 70,000 years ago) the Wutach cut off the upper reaches of the rest of the Danube in the southern Black Forest and since then has also fed its water to the Rhine. At the moment there is an underground tapping of the Danube towards the Rhine.
Developments in the mouth area
In the estuary, too, the alternation of cold and warm periods and the associated fluctuations in sea level have resulted in significant changes in the river system ( see also: Rhine-Maas-Delta ). During the Pliocene, the coastline lay further inland, and the Meuse and Rhine flowed separately at times. Later, at the beginning of the Pleistocene, the Meuse flowed significantly further east several times and flowed into the Rhine at the height of today's Krefeld . During the cold phases, the Rhine only reached the low-lying sea level west of today's Doggerbank , and the Weser , Ems and Thames were among its tributaries. During the maximum levels of the Elster and Saale inland ice sheets , their front was already pushing the Rhine westward from Düsseldorf . When the ice advances were less extensive, in the area of today's North Sea, the Rhine was dammed into a large lake in front of the ice front, which overflowed to the west through today's land-based road from Dover and in the area of today's English Channel also took up the Seine as a tributary. In the course of the Pleistocene, the cold-age situations with low sea levels lasted longer than the warm-age situations comparable to the present.
Anthropogenic changes
Human interventions for different purposes led to further changes in the river system. Especially in the Alpine region, the water flow is being greatly changed by hydropower plants with bypass tunnels under important watersheds. The discharge is modified over a large area by systems such as the Lake Constance water supply or the Danube-Main crossing (around 8 m³ / s). The extent to which the Roman Drusus Canal influenced the bifurcation of the IJssel is the subject of research. In the 16th century the upper reaches of the Sambre was diverted to the Oise and thus to the river system of the Seine. At the moment, the flow regime is being artificially changed , particularly by the delta works in the mouth of the Rhine.
Hydrological data of the river sections and their direct and indirect tributaries
In the following tables for the subwaters of the river system, the rivers and river arms are listed whose mean water flow exceeds 20 m³ / s, which are longer than 100 kilometers, or whose catchment area covers more than 1,100 square kilometers. The tables are structured according to sections of the course of the Rhine.
Indirect tributaries (second or higher order ) are also taken into account here. In addition to the confluence points, the source points of the correspondingly named river section are given, but also those of the longest and the most water-rich flow path; these three strands are ideally identical, but often fall apart. The values can be sorted. (Sorting the first column restores the original order.) Sections of the river and estuary are shown in brackets. With them, the highest point of the catchment area only refers to the additional area, otherwise the Finsteraarhorn would always have to be mentioned below the High Rhine .
By far the most water-rich tributary is the 288-kilometer-long Aare , which, with an average discharge of 560 m³ / s at the confluence, clearly exceeds the Rhine, which approaches 445 m³ / s. By far the longest tributary is the 874 kilometer long Maas , which feeds the main branch of the Rhine 40 kilometers before it flows into the North Sea on average around 357 m³ / s of water. It was an independent stream from 1904 to 1970.
Section Alpine Rhine
Tributary (section, arm) mouth / transition: |
MQ (mean outflow) (m³ / s) |
EZG (single building) (km²) |
Height max. of the EZG (m) |
Height Munich dung (m) |
Length (km) |
calculated from |
Main line (H) Longest line (L) from |
Length (H) (km) |
Length (L) (km) |
Up km ship journey |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vorderrhein from left to: Alpenrhein |
53.8 | 1523 |
( Tödi ) |
3614 584 | 71.9 | Source Tomarhein |
Rein da Curnera (H) Rein da Medel (L) |
|
76.877.3 | |
Hinterrhein from right to: Alpenrhein |
59.6 | 1704 |
( Piz Kesch ) |
3418 584 | 64.9 | Source Hinterrhein |
Scalettabach - Dischmabach (H) Dischmabach (L) |
|
73.074.1 | |
Albula from the right in: Hinterrhein |
29.1 | 954 |
( Piz Kesch ) |
3418 652 | 39.9 | Source Albula |
Scalettabach - Dischmabach (H) Dischmabach (L) |
|
59.060.1 | |
(Hinterrhein before Albula) further as: Hinterrhein |
27.3 | 631 |
( Rheinwaldhorn ) |
3402 652 | 50.6 | Source Hinterrhein |
Bergalgabach - Avers Rhine (H) |
|
44.850.6 | |
Landquart from the right in: Alpenrhein |
24.3 | 618 |
( Verstanclahorn ) |
3298 512 | 38.3 | Beginning as Landquart |
Jöribach - Vereinabach (H) Vernelabach - Vereinabach (L) |
|
50.151.6 | |
Ill from right in: Alpenrhein |
65.8 | 1281 |
( Piz Buin ) |
3312 429 | 75.3 | Ill source | Vermuntbach (H, L) |
|
76.876.8 | |
(Alpine Rhine) in: Lake Constance |
228 | 6119 |
( Tödi ) |
3614 395.3 | 94.7 | Beginning as the Alpine Rhine |
Dischmabach (H) Rein da Medel (L) |
|
167.7172.0 |
Section Bodensee / Upper Rhine
Tributary (section, arm) mouth / transition: |
MQ (mean outflow) (m³ / s) |
EZG (single building) (km²) |
Height max. of the EZG (m) |
Height Munich dung (m) |
Length (km) |
calculated from |
Main line (H) Longest line (L) from |
Length (H) (km) |
Length (L) (km) |
Up km ship journey |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bregenz Ach from the right in: Lake Constance |
46.2 | 835 |
( Braunarlspitze ) |
2649 395.3 | 67.0 | Source Bregenz Ach |
Haasenbach (H, L) | 69.6 | 69.6 | |
Argen from the right in: Bodensee |
19.5 | 654.6 |
( Salmaser height ) |
1254 489.1 | 23.4 | Start as bad |
Kirchholzbach - Börlasbach - Lower Argen (H, L) |
|
94.3
|
94.3|
( Bodensee - Seerhein ) to the Upper Rhine |
364 | 11487 |
( Tödi ) |
3614 395.1 | 63.8 | Mouth of the Alpine Rhine |
Dischmabach (H) Rein da Medel (L) |
|
231.5235.8 | 24 |
Thur from the left in: Hochrhein |
47 | 1750 |
( Säntis ) |
2502 345 | 134.6 | Source Thur |
134.6 | 134.6 | 65.0 | |
Seebach - Gutach - Wutach from the right in: Rhine |
18.1 | 1139.6 |
( Feldberg ) |
1493 315 | 91 | Source Seebach |
Sägenbach - Seebach - Gutach - Wutach (H, L) |
|
92.992.9 | |
Kander from left to: Aare |
42.6 | 1126 |
( Balmhorn ) |
3698 557.5 | 46.1 | Source Kander |
Kander (H) Trüebbach - Simme (L) |
|
46.163.0 | |
Voice from the left in: Kander |
21.1 | 594 |
( Wildstrubel ) |
3244 578 | 55.4 | Source Simme |
Simme (H) Trüebbach (L) |
|
55.459.2 | |
(Aare before Kander) continues as: Aare |
68.4 | 1340 |
( Finsteraarhorn ) |
4274 578 | 80 | Unteraar glacier gate |
80 | 80 | ||
Sarine - Saane from the left in: Aare |
54 | 1892 |
( Wildhorn ) |
3248 463 | 126 | Source Saane |
126 | 126 | ||
Orbe - Zihl from the left in: Aare |
55.5 | 2672 |
( Chasseral ) |
1607 429 | 118 | Source Bief Noir |
118 | 118 | ||
Emme from the right into: Aare |
20th | 983 |
( Brienzer Rothorn ) |
2350 425 | 81.9 | Source Emme |
81.9 | 81.9 | ||
Reuss from the right in: Aare |
140 | 3425 |
( Dammastock ) |
3630 330 | 164.4 | Source Furkareuss |
164.4 | 164.4 | ||
Linth - Limmat from the right in: Aare |
101 | 2416 |
( Tödi ) |
3614 328 | 131 | Beginning as Linth |
Oberstafelbach - Sandbach - Linth (H, L) | 141 | 141 | |
Aare from the left into: Hochrhein |
559.6 | 17720 |
( Finsteraarhorn ) |
4274 311 | 288.2 | Unteraar Glacier Gate |
288.2 | 288.2 | 102.2 | |
( Hochrhein above Aare) further than: Hochrhein |
496.5 | 15944 |
( Tödi ) |
3614 311 | 79.3 | Outflow Untersee |
Dischmabach (H) Rein da Medel (L) |
|
310.8315.1 | |
(Hochrhein unterh. Aare) to the Upper Rhine |
1051 | 35878 |
( Finsteraarhorn ) |
4274 240 | 63.9 | Estuary Aare |
Aare (H) Rein da Medel (L) |
|
352.1379.0 | 166.64 |
Upper Rhine section
Tributary (section, arm) mouth / transition: |
MQ (mean outflow) (m³ / s) |
EZG (single building) (km²) |
Height max. of the EZG (m) |
Height Munich dung (m) |
Length (km) |
calculated from |
Main line (H) Longest line (L) from |
Length (H) (km) |
Length (L) (km) |
Up km ship journey |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Elz from the right in: Upper Rhine |
23.1 | 1481 |
( Feldberg (Schw.) ) |
1493 154 | 90 | Elzquelle | Heubach - Wilde Gutach (H) Elz (L) |
|
8590 | 253 |
Kinzig from the right in: Upper Rhine |
27.0 | 1406.2 |
(Zinswald near Schönwald ) |
1084 134 | 93.3 | Source Kinzig |
Little Kinzig (H, L) | 96.3 | 96.3 | 298 |
Ill from left in: Upper Rhine |
54 | 4760.5 |
( Great Belchen ) |
1424 127 | 216.8 | Ill source | Largue (H) | 216.3 | 216.8 | 311.7 |
Moder from the left in: Upper Rhine |
16.6 | 1720 |
(Grossmann) |
987 113 | 82.1 | Source Moder |
Schnepfenbach - Muehlenbach - Schwarzbach - Falkensteinerbach - Northern Zinsel - Moder (H) Zorn - Moder (L) |
|
88.4121.2 | 335 |
Nagold from the right in: Enz |
11.6 | 1144 |
( above the fields near Besenfeld ) |
889 247 | 90.7 | Nagold origin |
|
90.790.7 | ||
Enz from the left in: Neckar |
23 | 2228.4 |
( Hohloh ) |
988.8 170 | 105 | Source Poppelbach |
Nagold (H, L) | 149 | 149 | |
Kocher from the right in: Neckar |
23.8 | 1961 |
( Volkmarsberg ) |
743.6 148 | 168 |
Kocher origin |
Flax (H, L) | 201 | 201 | |
Jagst from the right in: Neckar |
18.4 | 1836 |
(Maienberg) |
720 142.8 | 190.2 | Source Jagst |
190.2 | 190.2 | ||
Neckar from the right into: Upper Rhine |
145 | 13934 |
( Lemberg ) |
1015.7 95 | 367 |
Schwenninger Moos |
Glasbach - bath. Eschach (H) Wuertt. Eschach (L) |
|
377384 | 428 |
Pegnitz from right to: Regnitz |
11.5 | 1230.3 |
( Poppberg ) |
652.6 282 | 112.8 | Pegnitz spring | Fichtenohe - Pegnitz (H, L) | 127.3 | 127.3 | |
Rednitz from left to: Regnitz |
13.9 | 2200 |
( Haunberg ) |
637 282 | 46 | Beginning as Rednitz |
Franconian Rezat (H, L) | 103.1 | 103.1 | |
Regnitz from the left in: Main |
56.6 | 7523.3 |
( Poppberg ) |
652.6 231.2 | 58.9 | Beginning as Regnitz |
Franconian Rezat - Rednitz (H, L) | 162.1 | 162.1 | |
(Main before Regnitz) continue as: Main |
44.7 | 4410 |
( Schneeberg (Fichtelgebirge) ) |
1051 231.2 | 101 | Start as Main |
Oil carving - White Main (H) Red Main (L) |
|
127156 | |
Franconian Saale from the right in: Main |
24.1 | 2764.8 |
( Dammersfeld- dome ) |
927.9 154 | 139.1 |
Saale source |
Litter (H) spleen (L) |
|
137.0148.9 | |
Tauber from the left in: Main |
10.1 | 1809.3 |
( Hornberg (Frankenhöhe) ) |
554 133.5 | 129.1 | Source Tauber |
129.1 | 129.1 | ||
Kinzig from the right in: Main |
11.0 | 1058.3 |
( Herchenhainer Höhe ) |
733.1 99 | 86.0 | Source Kinzig |
Steinebach (L) | 86.0 | 88.0 | |
Nidda from the right in: Main |
13.1 | 1942.4 |
( baptismal font ) |
773 95 | 89.7 |
Nidda source |
Weather - Nidda (L) | 89.7 | 109.7 | |
Main from the right in: Upper Rhine |
225 | 27297 |
( Schneeberg (Fichtelgebirge) ) |
1051 82 | 472 | Start as Main |
Frankische Rezat - Rednitz (H, L) | 553 | 553 | 496.5 |
( Upper Rhine ) to the Middle Rhine |
1610 | 103475 |
( Feldberg (Schw.) ) |
1493 79 | 363.4 | Beginning of the Upper Rhine |
Aare (H) Rein da Medel (L) |
|
715.5742.4 | 529.2 |
Middle Rhine section
Tributary (section, arm) mouth / transition: |
MQ (mean outflow) (m³ / s) |
EZG (single building) (km²) |
Height max. of the EZG (m) |
Height Munich dung (m) |
Length (km) |
calculated from |
Main line (H) Longest line (L) from |
Length (H) (km) |
Length (L) (km) |
Up km ship journey |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glan from right in: Nahe |
10.1 | 1222.0 |
( Obersteiner winter breath ) |
607.5 131 | 89.7 | Source Glan |
89.7 | 89.7 | ||
Near from the left in: Middle Rhine |
30.5 | 4067 |
( Erbeskopf ) |
816.3 79 | 125.1 | Source Nahe |
Glan (L) |
125.1 | 128.1 | 529.2 |
Lahn from the right into: Middle Rhine |
52 | 5924.53 |
( Great Feldberg ) |
879 61 | 245.6 | Source Lahn |
Felda - Ohm (L) |
245.6 | 250 | 585.8 |
Meurthe from the right in: Mosel |
41.1 | 3085 |
( Gazon de Faite ) |
1303 189 | 160.2 | Source Meurthe |
160.2 | 160.2 | ||
Seille from right into: Mosel |
10.5 | 1348 |
(Côte de Savrony) |
419 160 | 138 | Source Ruisseau de Boule |
Ruisseau de la Seille - Ruisseau de Nolweyer - Gros Ruisseau - Seille (H) | 138 | 138 | |
Orne from the left in: Moselle |
12.4 | 1268.2 |
( La Croix Castelle near Hattonchâtel ) |
412 155 | 86 | Source Orne |
Ruisseau de Bezonvaux - Ruisseau de Noncévaux - Ruisseau de Vaux - Orne (H) | 81 | 86 | |
Alzette - Uelzecht from the right in: Sauer |
11.0 | 1172 |
(weight at election ) |
554.3 192 | 73 | Source Alzette |
Mess - Alzette (L) | 73 | 74 | |
Sûre - Sauer from the left in: Mosel |
53.8 | 4288.3 |
( black man ) |
697 132 | 173 | Source Sûre |
173 | 173 | ||
Burgalb - Schwarzbach from the left in: Blies |
10.4 | 1151.5 |
(Preußenstein am Mosisberg ) |
603 220 | 50.6 | Source Burgalb |
Eulmühlenbach - Aschbach - Moosalbe (H, L) | 50.6 | 62.8 | |
Blew from the right into: Saar |
20.7 | 1889 |
(Preußenstein am Mosisberg ) |
603 194 | 99.5 | Source Blies |
Eulmühlenbach - Aschbach - Moosalbe (H, L) | 109.5 | 109.5 | |
(Saar before Blies) continue as: Saar |
20.9 | 1784.7 |
(north plateau des Noll (Vosges) ) |
987 194 | 121 | Source Sarre Rouge |
121 | 121 | ||
Nied française - Nied from the left in: Saar |
12.8 | 1340.4 |
(Mottenberg) |
414 182 | 114.0 |
Source de la Nied française |
Upper course Nied française - Nied française - Nied (H) Rotte - Nied française - Nied (L) |
117 | 119.4 | |
Sarre - Saar from the right in: Moselle |
78.2 | 7415 |
(north plateau des Noll (Vosges) ) |
987 130.3 | 232 | Source Sarre Rouge |
232 | 232 | ||
Kyll from the left in: Mosel |
10.2 | 849.5 |
( white stone ) |
690.3 123 | 127.6 | Source Kyll |
127.6 | 127.6 | ||
Moselle - Moselle from the left in: Middle Rhine |
328 | 28153.5 |
( Hohneck ) |
1363 59 | 544 | Source Moselle |
Ruisseau du Chitelet - Moselotte (H) Moselotte (L) |
|
558.0558.1 | 592.3 |
Wied from right in: Rhine |
9.0 | 770.8 |
( fox chews ) |
657.3 63 | 102.3 | Source Wied |
102.3 | 102.3 | ||
Victory from the right in: Middle Rhine |
53 | 2856.9 |
( Jagdberg ) |
675.9 45 | 155.2 | Source victory |
Ferndorfbach (H, L) | 156.7 | 156.7 | 659.3 |
( Middle Rhine ) to the Lower Rhine |
2138 | 144190 |
( Great Feldberg ) |
879 45 | 130.1 | Beginning of the Middle Rhine |
Aare (H) Rein da Medel (L) |
|
845.6872.5 | 659.3 |
Lower Rhine section
Tributary (section, arm) mouth / transition: |
MQ (mean outflow) (m³ / s) |
EZG (single building) (km²) |
Height max. of the EZG (m) |
Height Munich dung (m) |
Length (km) |
calculated from |
Main line (H) Longest line (L) from |
Length (H) (km) |
Length (L) (km) |
Up km ship journey |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wupper from the right in: Rhine |
17.6 | 813.4 |
( Wilde Kuhlen near Wilbringhausen ) |
483.8 37 | 116.5 | Source Wipper |
116.5 | 116.5 | ||
Lenne from the left in: Ruhr |
30.1 | 1352.2 |
( Bald Asten ) |
841.9 96 | 129.1 | Lenne source |
Black Sieving (H) | 127.6 | 129.1 | |
(Ruhr before Lenne) continues as: Ruhr |
29.6 | 2088.9 |
( Langenberg (Rothaar Mountains) ) |
843.2 96 | 126.6 | Ruhr source |
Renau - Negro (H, L) | 129 | 129 | |
Ruhr from the right in: Niederrhein |
81.6 | 4485.4 |
( Langenberg (Rothaar Mountains) ) |
843.2 20.2 | 219.3 | Ruhr source |
Black Siepen (H) Lenne (L) |
|
220.3221.8 | 780.2 |
Erft from the left in: Rhine |
17.3 | 1837.9 |
( Michelsberg ) |
588 31 | 106.6 | Source Kuhbach |
106.6 | 106.6 | ||
Lippe from the right in: Niederrhein |
45 | 4887.7 |
( Bilstein (Briloner Heights)) |
622 18th | 220.1 | Lippe source |
Pader (H) Alme (L) |
|
214.1267.9 | 814.5 |
( Lower Rhine - Boven Rijn - Bijland Canal ) branches into: Waal / Pannerdens Kanaal |
2300 | 159957 |
( Langenberg (Rothaar Mountains) ) |
843.2 10 | 208.9 | Beginning of the Lower Rhine |
Aare (H) Rein da Medel (L) |
|
1045.51081 | 867.6 |
Delta Rhine section
Tributary (section, arm) mouth / transition: |
MQ (mean outflow) (m³ / s) |
EZG (single building) (km²) |
Height max. of the EZG (m) |
Height Munich dung (m) |
Length (km) |
calculated from |
Main line (H) Longest line (L) from |
Length (H) (km) |
Length (L) (km) |
Up km ship journey |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
( Pannerdens Canal - Nederrijn) branches in: Nederrijn / IJssel |
776 |
(Hettenheuvel) |
91.6 9 | 11 | Pannerd. Kop |
878.6 | ||||
Issel - Oude IJssel from the right in: IJssel |
9.5 | 1208 |
(Helchenberg) |
133.8 6.7 | 177.8 | Source Issel |
Black Vennbach - Bocholter Aa (H) Thesingbach - Bocholter Aa (L) |
176.7 | 178.3 | |
Berkel from the right in: IJssel |
9.5 | 849 |
(Billerbecker Berg) |
172.3 6th | 114.6 | Source Berkel |
114.6 | 114.6 | ||
Vechte - Zwarte Water from the right in: IJsselmeer |
60 | 5741 |
( Baumberge ) |
187.6 0 | 245 | Vechte source |
Steinfurter Aa (H, L) | 246 | 246 | |
( IJssel ) to: IJsselmeer |
412 | 4270 |
( tree mountains ) |
171 0 | 117.5 | IJsselkop | ||||
( IJsselmeer via Stevin locks) in: North Sea |
318 | 19000 |
( Baumberge ) |
187.6 0 | 65 | IJssel estuary |
Aare (H) Rein da Medel (L) |
1239 | 1274.5 | |
(IJsselmeer via Lorentz locks) in: North Sea |
220 | 19000 |
( Baumberge ) |
187.6 0 | 70 | IJssel estuary |
Aare (H) Rein da Medel (L) |
1244 | 1279.5 | |
( Nederrijn ) branches in: Lek / Amsterdam- Rhein-Kan. |
386 |
(Signaal Imbosch) |
109.9 1 | 48.8 | IJsselkop | 989 | ||||
( Amsterdam-Rhine Canal - IJ ) in: North Sea |
90 | 2300 |
(Vlakke Mountain) |
64.5 0 | 92.8 | Canal junction |
Aare (H) Rein da Medel (L) |
1198 | 1233.5 | |
( Lek ) from right to: Nieuwe Maas (1) |
340 |
( Culemborg ) |
9 0 | 59.9 | Canal junction |
|||||
( Waal - Boven Merwede ) branches in: Nieuwe Merwede / Beneden Merwede |
1706 |
(Vlierenberg) |
99.8 1 | 92.5 | Pannerd. Kop |
961.3 | ||||
( Nieuwe Merwede ) to Hollands Diep (1) |
790 |
( Werkendam ) |
4 1 | 18.5 | Division of Boven Merwede |
|
1165.51192.4 | |||
Korn - Chiers from the right in: Meuse - Maas |
30.7 | 2222 |
(Hatzebierg) |
465 155 | 140 | Source grain |
140 | 140 | ||
Semoy - Semois from the right in: Meuse - Maas |
29.2 | 1350 |
(Bois de Bernihè) |
549 140 | 210 | Source Setzbaach |
210 | 210 | ||
Lesse from right in: Meuse - Maas |
19.9 | 1343.0 |
( Plaine Hé , Aérodrome de Saint-Hubert) |
587 92 | 94.5 | Source Lesse |
Lomme - Lesse (H, L) | 112 | 112 | |
Sambre from left in: Meuse - Maas |
28.6 | 2740 |
(Bois de Renonseau) |
313 78 | 193 | Source Sambre |
||||
Ourthe from the right in: Meuse - Maas |
55.2 | 3624 |
( Botrange ) |
694.2 60 | 165 | Start as Ourthe |
Ourthe Occidentale (H, L) | 218 | 218 | |
Rur - Roer from the right in: Meuse - Maas |
26.1 | 2360.9 |
( Botrange ) |
694.2 17th | 164.5 | Source Rur |
Wolfsseif - Jansbach - Olef - Urft (H, L) | 169 | 169 | |
Niers from the right in: Meuse - Maas |
7.8 | 1380.6 |
(Holzweiler) |
108 9 | 120 | Source Niers |
117.7 | 117.7 | ||
Dommel - Dieze from the left in: Meuse - Maas |
22nd | 2600 |
(Grote Heide) |
81 1 | 120 | Source Dommel |
120 | 120 | ||
Meuse - Maas - Amer from left in: Hollands Diep (1) |
357 | 32736 |
( Botrange ) |
694.2 1 | 873.7 | Source Meuse |
873.7 | 873.7 | ||
( Hollands Diep (1)) branches into: Hollands Diep (2) / Dordtsche Kil |
1140 |
( Botrange ) |
694.2 1 | 4.4 | Estuary Amer (Maas) |
|
1169.91196.8 | |||
(Hollands Diep (2)) branches into: Haringvliet / Spui |
890 |
( Botrange ) |
694.2 1 | 16.2 | Beginning of Dordtsche Kil |
|
1168.11213 | |||
( Haringvliet ) in: North Sea |
823 |
( Hellevoetsluis ) |
2 1 | 28.7 | Haringvliet Bridge |
Aare (H) Rein da Medel (L) |
|
1214.81241.7 | ||
( Spui ) from left in: Oude Maas |
175 |
(Oud-Beijerland) |
2 0 | 17.1 | Mouth of Spui |
995.3 | ||||
( Beneden Merwede ) branches in: Oude Maas / Noord |
760 |
( Sliedrecht ) |
4 1 | 14.9 | Division of Boven Merwede |
976.2 | ||||
( Dordtsche Kil ) from left in: Oude Maas |
250 |
( Dordrecht ) |
3 1 | 9.4 | Beginning of Dordtsche Kil |
980.5 | ||||
( Oude Maas ) from left to: Scheur – Nieuwe Waterweg (/ Hartelkanaal) |
860 |
( Dordrecht ) |
3 0 | 30.4 | Division of Beneden Merwede |
1006.5 | ||||
( Hartel Canal ) in: North Sea |
200 | 2 | 0 | 24.2 | Beginning of the Hartel Canal | |||||
( Noord ) from left to: Nieuwe Maas (1) |
325 |
( Papendrecht ) |
3 0 | 8.7 | Division of Beneden Merwede |
984.8 | ||||
( Nieuwe Maas ) from right to: Scheur – Nieuwe Waterweg |
660 | 2 | 0 | 23.7 | Beginning of the Nieuwe Maas |
1013 | ||||
(Scheur– Nieuwe Waterweg ) in: North Sea |
1490 | 2 | 0 | 22.2 | Beginning of the Nieuwe Waterweg |
Aare (H) Rein da Medel (L) |
|
1214.51241.4 | 1033.6 |
Further tables, diagrams and lists
Water flow of the direct and indirect tributaries over 50 m³ / s:
Flow lengths of the direct and indirect tributaries over 200 km:
Direct and indirect tributaries (length> 50 km or EZG> 500 km² or MQ> 5 m³ / s)
Note: For the rivers recorded in the preceding tributary tables, the water data are not listed again.
-
Vorderrhein L
- Rein da Medel R, 25.8 km, 127.7 km², 7.2 m³ / s
-
Glenner R, 37.7 km, 382.0 km², 8.9 m³ / s
- Valser Rhein R, 29.4 km, 186.3 km², 7.5 m³ / s
-
Hinterrhein , R.
- Averser Rhein R, 20.0 km, 261.0 km², 11.5 m³ / s
-
Albula R
- Landwasser R, 36.1, 294.0 km², 9.3 m³ / s
- Julia L, 37.5 km, 325.0 km², 10.5 m³ / s
- Plessur R, 34.2 km, 266.8 km², 8.1 m³ / s
- Landquart R.
- Tamina L 30.4 km, 155.5 km², 5.7 m³ / s
- Werdenberger inland canal L, 22.2 km, 188.0 km², 9.1 m³ / s
- Ill R
- Dornbirner Ach R, 29.9 km, 223.0 km², 6.9 m³ / s
- Bregenz Oh R
-
Argen R
- Lower Argen L, 70.1 km, 368.4 km², 8.6 m³ / s
- Upper Argen R, 50.0 km, 219.7 km², 5.7 m³ / s
- Schussen R, 59.1 km, 815.0 km², 10.9 m³ / s
- Seefelder Aach R, 52.0 km, 287.0 km², 3.2 m³ / s
- Radolfzeller Aach R, 32.0 km, 261.0 km², 9.3 m³ / s
-
Thur L
- Sitter R, 58.7 km, 340.0 km², 11.9 m³ / s
- Töss L, 57.6 km, 441.6 km², 9.9 m³ / s
- Smooth L, 67.0 km, 416.0 km², 8.4 m³ / s
-
Wutach R
- Schlucht R, 28.9 km, 233 km², 5.1 m³ / s
-
Aare L
- Gadmerwasser R, 17.6 km, 168.9 km², 11.6 m³ / s
-
Lütschine L, 21.7 km, 380.0 km², 18.8 m³ / s
- Weisse Lütschine L, 19.4 km, 165.0 km², 8.4 m³ / s
- Black Lütschine R, 20.6 km, 179.9 km², 9.7 m³ / s
-
Kander L
- Engstligen L, 22.6 km, 144.7 km², 5.1 m³ / s
- Simme L
- Saane L
- Count L
- Schüss L, 42.0 km, 216.0 km², 6.2 m³ / s
-
Emme R
- Ilfis R, 23.7 km, 203.9 km², 5.9 m³ / s
- Wigger R, 41.0 km, 380.2 km², 7.4 m³ / s
- Suhre R, 34 km, 378.8 km², 6.4 m³ / s
- Aabach R, 26.6 km, 302.7 km², 5.2 m³ / s
-
Reuss R
- Göschener Reuss L, 12.9 km, 92.8 km², 5.8 m³ / s
- Chärstelenbach R, 15.2 km, 116.7 km², 8.6 m³ / s
- Schächen R, 18.0 km, 108.0 km², 6.2 m³ / s
- Muota R, 29.0 km, 317.0 km², 19.1 m³ / s
- Engelberger Aa L, 37.0 km, 227.0 km², 12.6 m³ / s
- Sarner Aa L, 28.0 km, 267.0 km², 13.0 m³ / s
- Kleine Emme L, 58.0 km, 478.0 km², 15.7 m³ / s
- Lorze R, 30.7 km, 299.0 km², 7.3 m³ / s
-
Limmat R
- Sernf R, 24.6 km, 210.1 km², 10.4 m³ / s
- Seez R, 33.2 km, 203.6 km², 7.7 m³ / s
- Wägitaler Aa L, 23.2 km, 90.1 km², 5.5 m³ / s
- Sihl L, 68.0 km, 341.0 km², 13.2 m³ / s
- Alb R, 43.5 km, 241.19 km², 8.6 m³ / s
- Birs L, 73.0 km, 922.3 km², 15.4 m³ / s
- Wiese R, 57.8 km, 454.5 km², 11.8 m³ / s
-
Elz R
- Dreisam L, 48.8 km, 449.7 km², 8.6 m³ / s
-
Kinzig R
- Schutter L, 55.6 km, 340.3, 2.5 m³ / s
- Rench R, 57.0 km, 306.1 km², 5.4 m³ / s
- Acher R, 53.5 km, 448.0 km², 9.1 m³ / s
- Ill L
- Sauer L, 85.3 km, 805.5 km², 6.1 m³ / s
- Murg R, 80.2 km, 617.0 km², 18.4 m³ / s
-
Moder L
- Zorn R, 96.7 km, 757.2 km², 5.9 m³ / s
- Lauter L, 74.0 km, 382.2 km², 3.3 m³ / s
- Alb R, 51.1 km, 446.7 km², 2.8 m³ / s
- Pfinz R, 60.1 km, 311.0 km², 1.9 m³ / s
- Queich L, 51.6 km, 271.2 km², 1.8 m³ / s
- Saalbach R, 50.6 km, 261.0 km², 1.4 m³ / s
- Speyerbach L, 60.1 km, 595.8 km², 3.0 m³ / s
- Kraichbach R, 55.5 km, 388.0 km², 1.1 m³ / s
- Neckar R.
- Weschnitz R, 58.9 km, 435.7 km², 3.2 m³ / s
-
Main R
- Weißer Main R, 45.3 km, 636.0 km², 9.2 m³ / s
- Roter Main L, 71.8 km, 519.0 km², 4.7 m³ / s
- Rodach R, 53.0 km, 1009.9 km², 13.4 m³ / s
- Itz R, 79.1 km, 1030.6 km², 9.3 m³ / s
- Baunach R, 53.9 km, 426.2 km², 2.4 m³ / s
-
Regnitz L
- Pegnitz R.
-
Rednitz L
- Franconian Rezat L, 63.5 km, 453.8 km², 0.7 m³ / s
- Wisent R, 78.0 km, 1041.0 km², 7.2 m³ / s
- Aisch L, 83.0 km, 1006.8 km², 4.8 m³ / s
- Wern R, 75.3 km, 600.9 km², 2.6 m³ / s
-
Franconian Saale R
- Sinn R, 69.4 km, 622.6 km², 1.6 m³ / s
- Deaf L
- Mümling L, 59.7 km, 377.4 km², 3.9 m³ / s
- Gersprenz L, 62.1 km, 513.0 km², 3.6 m³ / s
- Kinzig R
- Nidda R
- Selz L, 63.0 km, 389.1 km², 0.7 m³ / s
-
Near L
- Simmerbach L, 57.2 km, 395.1 km²
- Glan R
- Lahn R
-
Moselle L
- Moselotte R, 48.0 km, 357.0 km², 13.7 m³ / s
- Vologne R, 49.6 km, 369.0 km², 9.7 m³ / s
- Madon L, 97.0 km, 1032.0 km², 11.1 m³ / s
- Meurthe R
- Rupt de Mad L, 54.6 km, 384.8 km², 3.7 m³ / s
- Seille R
- Orne L
- Sour L
-
Saar R.
-
Blew R.
-
Schwarzbach L
- Hornbach L, 32.8 km, 521.1 km², 4.6 m³ / s
-
Schwarzbach L
-
Nied L
- Nied Allemande R, 58.0 km, 366.9 km², 3.6 m³ / s
- Nied Française L, 59.0 km, 504.0 km², 3.9 m³ / s
- Prims R, 91.0 km, 737.0 km², 10.7 m³ / s
-
Blew R.
- Kyll L
- Salm L, 63.4 km, 298.5 km², 1.9 m³ / s
- Lieser L, 73.6 km, 402.4 km², 3.5 m³ / s
- Alf L, 51.9 km, 358.1 km², 4.5 m³ / s
- Elzbach L, 58.9 km, 220.7 km²
- Nice L, 59.1 km, 372.4 km², 2.3 m³ / s
- Wied R
- Ahr L, 85.1 km, 897.5 km², 8.0 m³ / s
- Win R
- Wupper R
- Erft L
- Ruhr R
- Emscher R, 83.1 km, 775.5 km², 16.3 m³ / s
- Lip R
-
Issel R
- Bocholter Aa R, 55.8 km, 534.0 km², 2.7 m³ / s
- Loop R, 55.4 km, 196.5 km², 0.9 m³ / s
- Schipbeek R, 86 km, 352 km², 3.7 m³ / s
- Berkel R
- Vechte R
-
Maas L
- Mouzon R, 63.3 km, 414.9 km², 4.8 m³ / s
- Vair R, 65.3 km, 459.5 km², 5.2 m³ / s
- Aroffe R, 50.2 km², 265.4 km², 0.7 m³ / s
- Chiers R
- Bar L, 61.6 km, 424.9 km², 5.6 m³ / s
- Sormonne L, 56.4 km, 411.0 km², 6.4 m³ / s
-
Semois R
- Vierre R, 45.3 km, 267.0 km², 5.6 m³ / s
- Viroin L, 22.0 km, 593.0 km², 8.1 m³ / s
-
Lesse R
- Lomme R, 68.8 km, 480 km², 7.4 m³ / s
-
Sambre L
- Helpe Mineure R, 50.4 km, 455.0 km², 3.8 m³ / s
- Helpe Majeure R, 69.1 km, 765.0 km², 2.3 m³ / s
- Mehaigne L, 59.0 km, 352.0 km², 2.5 m³ / s
-
Ourthe R
- Ourthe Occidentale L, 56.0 km, 406.0 km², 7.2 m³ / s
- Ourthe Orientale R, 46.0 km, 329.0 km², 5.7 m³ / s
- Amel R, 93.0 km, 1080.0 km², 19.5 m³ / s
-
Weser R, 69.7 km, 695.5 km², 10.9 m³ / s
- Hoëgne R, 30.0 km, 215 km², 6.3 m³ / s
- Jeker L, 54.0 km, 463.0 km², 2.7 m³ / s
- Göhl R, 58.0 km, 121.0 km², 1.5 m³ / s
- Rur R
- Niers R
-
Dommel - Dieze L
- Aa R, 90.0 km, 800.0 km², 4.6 m³ / s
See also
Web links
- The runoff regime of the Rhine and its tributaries in the 20th century. Analysis, changes and trends
- Water quality parameters as hydrological tracers in the catchment area of the Rhine
Individual evidence
- ↑ Note: Even if the averaged runoff data for the water levels in the Delta Rhine area do not always appear consistent when viewed as a whole and show deviations depending on the source, the following values approximately result for the confluence points: Kornwerderzand : 220 m³ / s, Den Oever : 310 m³ / s , IJmuiden : 90 m³ / s, Maasmond : 1450 m³ / s, Haringvliet : 820 m³ / s, Volkerak locks : 10 m³ / s; Total: 2900 m³ / s
- ↑ Note: From the source of the Medelser Rhine
- ↑ a b Note: The longest stretch of river in the river system over the IJssel to the locks of Kornwerderzand is 38 km longer than to Hoek van Holland.
- ↑ Note: The published catchment area data for neighboring points spread around a good 300 km². The mean runoff values are also different depending on the time series considered.
- ↑ Note: Due to a different calculation method, 2200 m³ / s had always been specified previously (ProAqua: HYMOG, Hydrological Modeling Fundamentals in the Rheingebiet , Aachen 2011; p. 8)
- ↑ Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety: Hydrological Atlas of Germany, excerpt from chap. 3.2 (PDF; 3.4 MB), accessed on October 14, 2012: ... the river catchment area of the Maas can also be viewed as part of the Rhine basin.
- ↑ a b Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety: Hydrological Atlas of Germany, excerpt from chap. 3.2 (PDF; 3.4 MB), accessed on October 14, 2012
- ↑ Rijkswaterstaat Waterdienst: Voorverkenning korte Termijn peilbesluit IJsselgebied ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 2010, accessed October 15, 2012
- ↑ Rijkswaterstaat: Waterhuishouding en waterverdeling in Nederland ( Memento of the original from April 17, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 2.4 MB), 2011; P. 29
- ↑ ICPR: Delta Rhine processing area (PDF; 10.2 MB) 2009
- ↑ Note: Value from the NRW river basin directory ( memento of the original from October 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 556 kB), rounded
- ↑ The value is obtained by subtracting the catchment areas of IJssel (20,000 km²) and the North Sea Canal / IJ (1700 km²) from the Rhine catchment area (185,300 km²) and adding the Maas catchment area (33,000 km²).
- ↑ Madelaine Böhme , Manuela Aiglstorfer, Dieter Uhl , Ottmar Kullmer: The Antiquity of the Rhine River: Stratigraphic Coverage of the Dinotheriensande (Eppelsheim-Formation) of the Mainz Basin (Germany) , PLoS ONE 7 (5): e36817. doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0036817 , 2012
- ↑ a b Wolfgang Boenigk : The river history development of the Lower Rhine Bay in the Young Tertiary and Old Quaternary ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Ice Age and the Present, vol. 28, 1978
- ↑ a b Frank Preusser: Characterization and evolution of the River Rhine system ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.9 MB) Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw vol. 87, no. 1, 2008
- ↑ Albert Pissart, Leendert Krook, Dominique Harmand: La capture de l'Aisne et les minéraux denses of alluvions de la Meuse dans les Ardennes , Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth and Planetary Science, vol 325,. 1997, pp. 411-417, doi: 10.1016 / S1251-8050 (97) 81158-5 .
- ↑ Oskar Keller: When the Alpine Rhine turned from the Danube to the Upper Rhine (PDF; 2.0 MB) on the diversion of a river in the Ice Age in: Writings of the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings. Ostfildern 2009, pp. 193-208
- ↑ a b c d Hydrological Atlas of Switzerland of the Federal Office for the Environment FOEN, Table_54
- ↑ a b c d e Federal Office of Topography : Topographical river analyzes in the headwaters of the Rhine ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 2.8 MB), Bern 2011
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Swiss Confederation, Federal Office of Topography swisstopo: mapgeo viewer with measurement functions
- ^ Measuring station Felsenbach 1926–2016 (PDF) Federal Office for the Environment FOEN
- ↑ a b c LUBW State Institute for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg: Long-term behavior of Lake Constance water levels (PDF; 22.0 MB), Karlsruhe 2011
- ↑ River kilometers in the Vorarlberg Atlas4 , accessed on March 8, 2014
- ↑ Measurement in the Vorarlberg Atlas
- ↑ Note: The Argen is included because data of just over 20 m³ / s exist for its mean discharge.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Note: For the sections of the Rhine below the Alpine Rhine, the information on the maximum height only relates to the part of the catchment area that is added with the respective flow section.
- ↑ Measurement station Basel Rheinhalle 1891-2016 (PDF)
- ↑ Agence de l'eau Rhin-Meuse: Calculated natural discharge values of the Ill ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 31 kB), 2000, accessed on October 4, 2012
- ↑ Flood news service Bavaria: Pettstadt level data ( Memento of the original from October 5, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , increased by proportionate runoff from the intermediate catchment area
- ↑ Flood news service Bavaria: Level data Kemmern ( Memento of the original from October 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , increased by proportionate runoff from the intermediate catchment area
- ↑ a b Flood risk management plan, catchment area Bayerischer Main: Fränkische Saale water system
- ↑ Catchment area: Catchment area Middle Rhine (see there) reduced by the value for the Middle Rhine without the Moselle according to the Rhine river basin community: The Middle Rhine (13548 km²), accessed on September 24, 2012, and by the value of the Moselle (28286 km²)
- ↑ Grolsheim gauge
- ↑ Sum of the Bonn (Rhine) and Menden (Sieg) level data
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Rijkswaterstaat, Rijksinstituut voor Kust en Zee / RIKZ: Tienjarig overzicht 1981-1990 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , The Hague
- ↑ a b c d Note: In the case of the mouths of the Rhine, only the catchment area added to the respective stretch of the river is calculated.
- ^ Water balance on the North Sea and Amsterdam-Rhine canals
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Interactive elevation map of the Netherlands
- ↑ tributary of the Untersee; Catchment area with the Danube around 1200 km²
-
↑ Note: Without Alte Dreisam ; at the LUBW, the Alte Dreisam is assigned to the Dreisam, although it flows into the Elz a few meters below the Dreisam.
Values with old Dreisam: catchment area 646.8.7 km²; Discharge 10.9 m³ / s.