Escures
| Escures | ||
|---|---|---|
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
| Arrondissement | Pau | |
| Canton | Terres des Luys et Coteaux du Vic-Bilh | |
| Community association | North Est Béarn | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 28 ′ N , 0 ° 7 ′ W | |
| height | 171-312 m | |
| surface | 4.18 km 2 | |
| Residents | 148 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 35 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 64350 | |
| INSEE code | 64210 | |
 Parish Church of Saint-Orens in Escures |
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Escurès is a French municipality with 148 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the Arrondissement of Pau and the canton of Terres des Luys et Coteaux du Vic-Bilh (until 2015: canton of Lembeye ).
The name in the Gascognic language is Escuras . The inhabitants are called Escurois and Escuroises .
geography
Escurès is located about 35 kilometers northeast of Pau in the Vic-Bilh region in the historic province of Béarn on the northeastern edge of the department.
Escurès is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
| Castillon | ||
| Reading games |
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Corbère-Abères |
| Simacourbe | Lembeye |
Escurès is located in the catchment area of the Adour River . One of its tributaries, the Lées , marks the southwestern border to the neighboring town of Simacourbe. A tributary of the Larcis , the Lisau, rises in the municipality.
history
Escurès, lying on the same ridge above the Lées valley as Lembeye, has developed as castelnau since the 12th century . A Castelnau ( German Neuburg , Occitan castèl nòu , in Vulgar Latin castellum novum ) is a village or town that was founded in the Middle Ages near a moth . Double mounds of earth in the south of the village probably indicate the location of a former fortified Gallo-Roman camp. Although the 1385 census showed only a small number of residents, the community had a certain importance since the 12th century as the seat of the feudal court that had to judge the nobles. In the 13th century the municipality was the administrative center of the Vic-Bilh region before it went to Lembeye. During this time, a large market was regularly stopped, where salt in particular was traded.
Before the French Revolution , what is now Castets was an independent municipality. In the census of 1385 seven households in Escurès, two households in Castets and the affiliation of both communities to the Bailliage of Lembeye were documented. Escurès was dependent on the Commandery of the Order of Malta of Caubin and Morlaàs . The feudal lord of Castets was a vassal of the Viscount of Béarn.
Toponyms and mentions of Escurès were
- Mercatus Escuresii (12th century, according to Pierre de Marca's book Histoire de Béarn ),
- Sanctus Justinus de Scures (12th century, manuscript collection by André Duchesne , volume 114),
- Escurees (13th century, fors de Béarn , 14th century manuscript ),
- Los Cassos d'Escures (Judicial Assembly under the Oaks) (1343, manuscript from 1343) and
- Saint-Orens d'Escurès (1775, cadastre of Escurès).
Toponyms and mentions of castets were
- Castellum (12th century, according to Pierre de Marca's book Histoire de Béarn ) and
- Casteg (1385, census).
On the map of Cassini 1750, Escurès is entered as Escures . Escurès continued to be run as Escures during the French Revolution in 1793 , eight years later during the French Consulate and since then it has been administered in its current name.
Population development
After a peak in the number of inhabitants in the middle of the 19th century with 286 inhabitants, the number fell to less than 100 inhabitants during short periods of growth by the 1960s and 1970s, before growth again to a level of around 150 inhabitants.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 112 | 83 | 83 | 101 | 142 | 138 | 155 | 160 | 148 |
Attractions
- Parish church, dedicated to Orientius , Bishop of Augusta Ausciorum in the 5th century. The Romanesque building was built as a branch of the Commandery of the Order of Malta in the 12th century. Only a few remains of this first single-nave building with a round apse are left today, such as the entrance portal with a Christ monogram and two capitals on the walled-up window in the longitudinal axis of the apse, a rare ornament in the region. On the occasion of the Huguenot Wars , which covered the whole of Béarn in the 16th century, the church was fortified so that it could provide protection for the residents in an emergency. A weir bay window was built above the main entrance , the facade was surrounded by hurdles , roofed battlements protruding outward , and equipped with a system of machicolations , recessed throwing or pouring openings. In the 17th century a rectory was added to the south side . During a renovation in the 19th century, the weir bay was demolished and the former entrance walled up. The main altar of the church probably dates from the 12th century, but the whole with the candlesticks, the altarpiece , the tabernacle , the paneling and the steps is the work of Giraudy from Lescar from the 18th century. The elements are richly decorated with gold and rocaille . The central painting from the 17th century shows a scene with Christ crucified , on his sides Mary Magdalene and the patron saint of the church, St. Orientius. Many other furnishings in the church date from the 17th to 19th centuries and are registered as national cultural assets.
- Castle of the Castets. Jacques de Lom had a castle built in 1553 on the ruins of a former abbey in what is now Castets. In the following centuries the building fell into disrepair and at the end of the 18th century the Agué family from Oloron had the castle completely rebuilt in the same place. In 1819 it came into the possession of the Nays-Candau family. A fireplace from the 16th century and paneling from the end of the 18th century are noteworthy .
- Escurès mound castles. On a hill there were two castles on similar embankments with a height of eight to ten meters and a length of eight to twelve meters. They enclosed a courtyard that had housed the Saint-Nicolas church since the second half of the 11th century , donated by the Viscount to the Abbey of Saint-Pé-de-Bigorre . It was the parish church until the French Revolution, after which it was destroyed in 1818. Various donations to the Benedictine monks of the Abbey of Saint-Pé-de-Bigorre led to the establishment of a convent in the inner courtyard in the 14th century. This was destroyed in 1538 and has disappeared today. Traces of the castles in the form of embankments and ditches, however, are still visible.
Economy and Infrastructure
Escurès is located in the AOC zones of the Béarn , Madiran and Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh wine-growing regions .
total = 14
traffic
Escurès can be reached via routes départementales 13, 139, 298 and 413.
Web links
- Website of the Interprofession des Vins du Sud-Ouest France (IVSO) (French)
- Website of the tourist office "LEMBEYE & GARLIN" for the Vic-Bilh region (French)
- Escurès on the map by Cassini 1750
Individual evidence
- ↑ Escurès ( fr ) Gasconha.com. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
- ↑ a b Escurès ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2016. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
- ↑ Ma commune: Escurès ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
- ^ A b Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. P. 46, 60. 1863. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
- ^ David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
- ↑ a b Notice Communale Escurès ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved May 13, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2006 Commune d'Escurès (64210) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved May 13, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune d'Escurès (64210) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved May 13, 2017.
- ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Église Saint-Orens d'Escurès ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on May 13, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Église Saint-Orens d'Escurès ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on May 13, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Eglise paroissiale Saint-Orens ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved May 13, 2017.
- ↑ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Château de Castets ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on May 13, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Mottes d'Escurès ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on May 13, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Eglise paroissiale Saint-Nicolas ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved May 13, 2017.
- ^ Prieuré de Bénédictins ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved May 13, 2017.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved May 13, 2017.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2014 Commune d'Escurès (64210) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved on May 13, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
