Morlanne
| Morlanne | ||
|---|---|---|
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
| Arrondissement | Pau | |
| Canton | Artix and Pays de Soubestre | |
| Community association | Luys en Bearn | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 31 ′ N , 0 ° 32 ′ W | |
| height | 84-221 m | |
| surface | 12.94 km 2 | |
| Residents | 591 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 46 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 64370 | |
| INSEE code | 64406 | |
| Website | www.morlanne.fr | |
 Morlanne Castle |
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Morlanne is a French municipality with 591 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The community belongs to the Arrondissement Pau and Canton Artix et Pays de Soubestre (2015: Canton Arzacq-Arraziguet ).
The name in the Gascognischen language is Morlana . The inhabitants are called Morlannais and Morlannaises .
geography
Morlanne is located approx. 35 km northwest of Pau in the historic province of Béarn on the northern edge of the department.
Morlanne is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
| Casteide-Candau | Arget | Piets-Plasence-Moustrou |
| Hag deafess |
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|
Garos |
| Pomps | bouillon |
Morlanne lies in the catchment area of the Adour River . The Luy de Béarn crosses the municipality with its tributary, the Tiroulet.
history
Morlanne is strategically located on a hill above the Luy de Béarn, so that people have already settled here in prehistory . A camp with an oval shape, 200 m long and 100 m wide, was located 1,500 m east of today's church at a height of 224 m, a peak in the region. It provided accommodation for a community with a hierarchical social order. Two entrances can still be identified today, one in the north and one in the south. This is flanked by a mound of earth, which could have been an observation post or, together with another mound on the opposite side, carried a wooden bridge, as was often the case with Oppida at the same time. Since no excavations have been carried out to date, a comparison with the Oppida of Asson and the forest of Bordes , both dating from 500 BC , was used to determine the age . Chr., D. H. with the end of the Iron Age .
It was not until the Middle Ages that a mention of the place appeared in the records. For the period around 1060 the archives show a certain Gaillard de Morlanne, two centuries later the "daughter of the landlord of Morlanne" is mentioned. The community developed on the site of two mound castles that were built before the 12th century. Gaston Fébus , Count of Foix and Viscount of Béarn, had a new castle built on one of these mounds in 1373 for his half-brother Arnaud-Guilhem as part of the Béarn's defense system against the English- ruled Gascony . In the census of the Béarn in 1385 a remarkable 72 households were counted in Morlanne and the fact that the village belonged to the Bailliage of Garos was recorded. The size corresponds to a population of around 400 and shows the municipality's first heyday. As a result, a lay monastery , vassal of the Viscount of Béarn, was founded in the 15th century .
Around 1549 the population began to shrink, only 50 households were counted. While the church was probably already fortified by Gaston Fébus, it was converted into a fortress during the Huguenot Wars . Between the 17th and 19th centuries, houses in the classic Béarn style replaced the houses that had remained from the Middle Ages.
Toponyms and mentions of Morlanne were:
- Morlana (1286, documents from Béarn),
- Morlane (1288, Navarrenx notaries , sheet 35),
- Sent-Laurentz de Morlana (1537, notaries of Garos, sheet 4),
- Morlane (1750, map by Cassini ) and
- Morlanne (1793 and 1801, Notice Communale and Bulletin des Lois, respectively ).
Population development
After the population peaked at around 1,000 in the middle of the 19th century, the number fell to around 340 during short periods of recovery by the 1970s, before significant growth began, which continues to this day.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 361 | 366 | 338 | 386 | 389 | 428 | 454 | 574 | 591 |
Attractions
Parish church
The existence of the church consecrated to Laurentius of Rome is confirmed by the records from the 10th century. It was built on a moth of only a short height (approx. 1.6 m) north of the settlement and thus initially had the function of a castle chapel . The oldest parts of the church that still exist today date from the 13th century, including the massive, rectangular bell tower , which is equipped with loopholes . Towards the end of the 14th century, when Gaston Fébus had the castle built, the defensive function of the church was additionally strengthened. a. the masonry made of pebbles in the upper part was replaced by stone . During the Huguenot Wars, the church was converted into a Reformed church in 1569 , with the intervention of the French King Louis XIII. returned to the Catholic Church around 1620 .
In the 17th century, some Gothic windows on the south side were bricked up in order to build an entrance portal . It is located at the level of the second yoke of the long building under a risalit , which is equipped with a hood . The saying “à Dieu seul gloire et louange” ( German honor and praise only to God ) is engraved above the door .
In 1911 extensive renovation work took place, which damaged various elements of the fortifications that were considered to be dispensable, including loopholes, battlements and the inner circular path on the defensive wall.
Today's single-nave nave with a length of three bays is closed off by a polygonal apse in the east. In addition to the bell tower, a round tower at the southwest corner and a polygonal tower at the southeast corner are attached to the building. Both towers have a polygonal roof and inside a stone spiral staircase for access to the top floors. The nave, the three side chapels and the apse are provided with a ribbed vault .
Behind the white reredos and the white tabernacle of the functional main altar , the gaze falls on a painting that was created between 1840 and 1850. It shows the crucified Christ between Mary and St. Laurence under a large round arch . This is represented with its attributes martyr palm , iron rust , flame and heart.
The church also has a side altar dedicated to St. Peter . It is a sarcophagus altar decorated with an empty plaster medallion on its front . Its corners are decorated with rocaille . The tabernacle on the altar is framed by two fluted columns and wings on both sides.
Other fixtures and fittings in the church date from the 17th and 18th centuries and are registered as national cultural assets.
Castle
The castle was built around 1370 by the architect Sicard de Lordat from County Foix on the foundations of an earlier castle from the 12th century. Gaston Fébus, Count of Foix and Viscount of Béarn, commissioned the building as part of the defense system against threats from the English- ruled Gascon in the Hundred Years War .
Raymond Ritter (1894–1974) bought the castle, which was in progressive decay, in 1947 and, together with his wife, Hélène, made it their life's work to completely restore the castle. In 1971 they transferred the castle into the possession of the department.
House Belluix
The building, which dates from the late 15th century, is opposite the parish church. Until some time ago it was wrongly assumed that it was the building of the lay monastery. According to more recent findings, however, it is the former residence of the landlord and was named after the first owners. In the middle of the 18th century the wealthy Domecq family became the owners of the house and lived there for around a hundred years. In 1930 the Pintat family bought the property and ran a mill there. A bakery and a bakery completed the business in the adjacent buildings. The house has been classified as a historic monument since 1970 and has been in the hands of the municipality since 1984. Since it had been empty for 25 years, it was marked by time. Thanks to several institutions, it has been in a restored condition and open to the public since 2011. Today it has a residential wing with two floors and an attic, which can be reached from a round tower attached to the outside of the building with an internal spiral staircase. The interior of the building preserves old chimneys, carved ornaments and wall paintings from the late 15th century.
Economy and Infrastructure
Trade and services are the main economic drivers of the community.
total = 68
education
Morlanne has a public preschool and elementary school with 63 pupils in the 2017/2018 school year.
sport and freetime
Several hiking and walking trails on foot or by bike lead through the village and its surroundings.
traffic
Morlanne is connected to the Routes départementales 269, 945 (former Route nationale 645 ) and 946 (former Route nationale 646 ).
Personalities
- Raymond Ritter, born on May 23, 1894 in Le Bouscat near Bordeaux , died on September 11, 1974 in Morlanne Castle, was a lawyer and historian and, together with his wife, restored Morlanne Castle from 1947 until his death.
- Pierre Bourgeade , born on November 7, 1927 in Morlanne, died on March 12 in Loches ( Center-Val de Loire region ), was a French novelist, playwright , poet, screenwriter, film director, journalist, literary critic and photographer.
Web links
- Further information on the history of the municipality and its castle (French)
- Morlanne Castle website (French)
- Local tourist office website (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Morlanne ( fr ) Gasconha.com. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ Pyrénées-Atlantiques Gentilé ( fr ) habitants.fr. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ Ma commune: Morlanne ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ ensemble fortifié dit castéra du Bialer ou camp romain. ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ^ Camp romain dit Castéra du Bialer ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ a b Morlanne ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ^ A b Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. P. 118, 1863. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ a b Xavier Lorente-Darracq: Le village de Morlanne ( fr ) Xavier Lorente-Darracq. 2009. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ^ Histoire et patrimoine ( fr ) Morlanne municipality. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ^ David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ a b Notice Communale Morlanne ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune de Morlanne (64406) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ a b c d église paroissiale Saint-Laurent. ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ Église Saint-Laurent de Morlanne ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Portail de l'église Saint-Laurent de Morlanne ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Maître-autel de l'église Saint-Laurent de Morlanne ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ^ Autel secondaire de l'église Saint-Laurent de Morlanne ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ autel, gradin d'autel, tabernacle (autel secondaire) ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ^ Abbaye laïque dite "La Tour" à Morlanne ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ La maison Belluix ( fr ) Municipal Morlanne. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2015 Commune de Morlanne (64406) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ^ École maternelle et élémentaire ( fr ) National Ministry of Education. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ Se promener ( fr ) Morlanne municipality. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
