Montaner
| Montaner | ||
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
| Arrondissement | Pau | |
| Canton | Pays de Morlaàs et du Montanérès | |
| Community association | Adour Madiran | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 21 ′ N , 0 ° 0 ′ W | |
| height | 237-363 m | |
| surface | 19.13 km 2 | |
| Residents | 432 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 23 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 64460 | |
| INSEE code | 64398 | |
 Montaner town hall at the foot of the castle |
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Montaner is a French municipality with 432 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the arrondissement of Pau and the canton of Pays de Morlaàs et du Montanérès (until 2015: canton of Montaner ).
The name in the Gascognischen language is Montanèr . The residents are called Montanérais and Montanéraises .
geography
Montaner is located about 35 km east of Pau in the historical province of Béarn on the eastern edge of the department and borders on the neighboring department of Hautes-Pyrénées in the west, south and east .
Montaner is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
| Pontiacq-vielpinte |
Lamayou Casteide-Doat |
Saint-Lézer (Hautes-Pyrénées) |
|
Escaunets ( enclave of the Hautes-Pyrénées) |
.svg)
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Talazac (Hautes-Pyrénées) |
| Ponson Debat Pouts |
Tarasteix (Hautes-Pyrénées) |
Siarrouy (Hautes-Pyrénées) |
Montaner is located in the catchment area of the Adour River.
The Lis , also called Lys daban here , a tributary of the Échez , flows through the municipality together with its tributaries, the Ruisseau le Lys darré and the Ruisseau de Gatuch, as well as the Ruisseau la Barmale and the Bergons, tributaries of the Canal de Luzerte.
In addition, tributaries of the Louet , the Ruisseau de Carbouère and the Ruisseau de Layza irrigate the municipality.
history
Several barrows in the municipal area testify to the early settlement of the area. In the 8th century the landlord named Aner settled down and had the first fortification built. At that time, the Béarn and the Montanérès, a small area between the Béarn and the Bigorre , were under the control of Count William II of Gascon . In the 10th century the lordship of Montaner fell to the youngest of the House of Bigorre, and it took a century and several arranged marriages before the Montanérès finally fell to the Béarn. In 1338 Montaner was one of the 24 villages in the Béarn that were called to represent them in the Supreme Court of the Béarn. In the census of the Béarn in 1385, 86 households were counted in Montaner. In addition to Montaner, the Bailliage was made up of 19 other villages. Montaner was also the main place of a notary's office, which in addition to Montaner included 16 other villages. In the last third of the 14th century, the Hundred Years War influenced events. Gaston Fébus , Count of Foix and Viscount of Béarn, dared to fight against the Count of Armagnac for Bigorre, which was in English hands, and at the same time to defend his neutrality against English-ruled Gascony. For this purpose he made Montaner a strategically important place and had the castle, called the "red fortress", built.
The spelling of the name of the municipality has not changed since the census in 1385. Toponyms and mentions of Montaner were:
- Montanerius (around 1030, copy book of the Abbey of Saint-Pé-de-Bigorre ),
- Montanerium (1118, copy book of the castle of Pau , No. 1) and
- Saint-Michel de Montaner (1675, collection of manuscripts from the 16th to 18th centuries).
Population development
After a peak in the number of around 950 inhabitants in the middle of the 19th century, the number fell to around 360 during short periods of growth by the 1970s, before moderate growth began to a level of around 460 inhabitants, which is still maintained today becomes.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 433 | 391 | 364 | 409 | 509 | 465 | 459 | 466 | 432 |
Attractions
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Parish Church of Saint-Michel
The dating of its original, Romanesque building is difficult to determine due to several renovations over the centuries. The first foundations, of which little has been left to this day, probably date from the 11th century. In the late 14th century, the builder of the fortress of Gaston Fébus brought bricks to the village as a new building material. At the same time as the military complex was being expanded, the church was rebuilt. The enormous demand for bricks made it necessary to build a workshop with 80 cagots as workers directly on the construction site. From the 13th to well into the 19th century, Cagots were discriminated against for unknown reasons in Spain and France and largely excluded from social life.
The single nave nave of today's church is closed off by a multi-walled apse . The west facade is dominated by a bell gable with a porch. Originally three bells were hung, which were protected by ogival arcades . The southern bell is missing and the northern one is the larger of the two remaining bells. In 1857 a fire damaged the bell gable and since then the bells have been protected by a spire and a small entablature .
Above the entrance is a rectangular panel hanging down with a monogram of Christ as a relief . It fills this board, so it's not traditionally circular. In addition to the Rho ("P") and Chi ("X"), the Latin words "REX-LUX-LEX" ( German König-Licht-Gebot ) can be recognized as inscriptions, whereby the "E" of the word "REX" located in the loop of the Rho. In addition to the symbols for Alpha and Omega , an “S” for “Salvator” ( German savior ) is also visible, which loops around the foot of the Rho.
Inside, the nave is covered by a vault, the thrust of which is diverted by buttresses . The walls have been completely embellished by frescoes since the late 15th and early 16th centuries , which had been covered with mortar and paneling since the 18th century . A harsh winter in 1956 caused the plaster to crack, so that the wall painting reappeared. Since then, numerous restoration works have been carried out to save this cultural heritage. Despite the work of Atelier Genovesio between 1980 and 1983, only a pale multicolor remains in some parts, which is far from the original state. Various biblical scenes are illustrated, such as: B. Creation story , Adam and Eve , Annunciation of the Lord , Visitation of Mary , Christmas story and Last Judgment , as well as a multitude of saints are represented. Unfortunately, some representations are in too poor a condition for their scenes to be clearly defined. This also applies to the fresco on the ceiling of the choir , which has its starting point on the keystone of the vault. The seven vaults emanating from this represent the sun or a star. Only two angels are recognizable. One carries the instruments of the crucifixion , the cross, hammer and nails and the lance, the other a banner .
The keystone of the vault at the level of the third bay shows the coat of arms of the House of Foix-Béarn, the same that adorns the tower of the castle. The cows of the Béarn and the stakes of Foix, are insignia of the territories united by Gaston Fébus. The coat of arms is carved out on a seal, which is set in a frame with a tooth cut and set stones at the four corners. Placing a coat of arms or a seal in the parish church shows the close ties between secular, temporary power and the church.
The altar retable of the main altar of the church includes an altar, a tabernacle , an altarpiece and side panels with statues of saints and guardian angels . The artist created the natural-size sculptures standing freely in niches. On the left, the Archangel Michael can be seen, who kills the dragon and at the same time holds scales in his hand to weigh the good and bad deeds of the souls . On the right, an angel holds a child on his arm as a sign of protection. Two angels appear to be on guard at the top of each pediment. The tabernacle is rather modest in size, but has a rich, golden baroque decor . Sixteen serpent pillars frame various scenes from the New Testament . The tabernacle and reredos are probably works by the artist Pierre Caron from Lescar and were created between 1700 and 1730. The oil painting in the center of the reredos shows Christ crucified with Mary and St. John at his side. What is unusual here is that Christ is depicted with open eyes and seemingly looking at his support. The picture frame is made of gilded wood and decorated with plant scrollwork. The embodiment of God the Father at the top of the reredos completes the entire work in accordance with the iconographic norm that was introduced with the Counter-Reformation . The illustration of the dogmas of the doctrine of the faith of the Roman Catholic Church was particularly important in this region that had suffered from long years of wars between Protestants and Catholics. The artist Marc Ferrère from Asté created the altar between 1729 and 1749 and illustrated the scene of the Last Supper , which Jesus took with his twelve apostles , in great detail on the front . He thereby created the connection with the function of the altar as a place of the Eucharist during a Holy Mass . Jugs, bowls and stools can be seen on the bas-relief. The tablecloth shows a diamond pattern and is decorated with silver-colored fringes on the lower edge , which gives the image a certain spatiality. It is gilded and painted and framed by plant vines , cherubins and falling leaves .
A side altar is dedicated to Mary . Her statue in the middle of the altarpiece shows her with the baby Jesus on her arm. She is surrounded by statues of her mother, St. Anna and her husband Joseph (or her father, St. Joachim ). Two angels float like a crown over Mary. In the upper part, the Annunciation of the Lord with the Archangel Gabriel and Mary is shown as a relief. The retable is probably the work of the artist Jean Brunelo from Tarbes , created between 1720 and 1740.
The holy water font in the parish church dates from the 15th or 16th century. It is made from a monolith and measures 97.5 cm in height and 75 cm in diameter. A massive, polygonal foot supports the relatively large basin, which is partially embedded in the wall. A wooden lid closes the basin and protects the water from pollution, a solution that is not often found.
Many other items of equipment date from the 18th to 20th centuries and are registered as national cultural assets.
- Frescoes in the parish church of Saint-Michel
Parish Church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste
It was built in the 18th century in the Parsan district and is one of the four parish churches in Montaner. The small church, which is consecrated to John the Baptist , has a single nave and a bell gable with a recess for the bell. Paintings on the walls or inside the church illustrate the life of John. They date from the early 18th century and were restored in 1834 by the Italian painter Marian Garbarino. As with the parish church of Saint-Michel, the reredos is a work by Pierre Caron from Lescar from the first years of the 18th century. Many of the furnishings date from the 17th and 18th centuries and are registered as national cultural assets.
Other parish churches
The parish church of Saint-Martin in the district of Lasserre was consecrated to Martin von Tours . Its choir was added to the single nave nave with a bell gable in the 15th or 16th century. Much of the church's furnishings, registered as national treasures, date from the 17th and 18th centuries. The fourth parish church is located in the Ainx district and is dedicated to the Apostle Andreas . The building with a single nave and a bell gable dates from the 17th or 18th century and contains a reredos from the second half of the 17th century.
Montaner Castle
The castle was built from 1374 to 1380 by the architect Sicard de Lordat on the foundations of an 11th century moth . Gaston Fébus, Count of Foix and Viscount of Béarn, commissioned the building to protect his fief from threats from Bigorre, which was in English hands. The strategically favorable location on a hill enabled the garrison to monitor the valley of the Adours widely and to seal off any incursion routes from enemy troops. The fortress consists of a square keep and a polygonal curtain wall . In contrast to traditional castle building in the region, bricks were used as building material instead of stone . Over time, the castle was damaged twice when the French king had a rebellion put down by Protestant landlords in the 17th century and his troops destroyed the castle and again, when in the 19th century the remaining building was turned into a quarry for many years was operated to recycle the bricks. Today the castle is owned by the department and has been partially restored. In addition to the opportunity to visit in the months from April to October, cultural events take place in the summer period.
Economy and Infrastructure
The economy is determined by agriculture (pig breeding, cattle breeding, dairy farming, corn cultivation) and trade and services. Montaner is in the AOC zone of the Porc noir de Bigorre pig breed .
total = 56
education
- Montaner has a public preschool with 20 students in the 2017/2018 school year.
sport and freetime
Several circular routes around Montaner invite you to go hiking and cycling.
- A circular route of 10.5 km leads from the center over the ridge on the right bank of the Lis.
- Another 12 km circular route leads from the center to all four parish churches in the parish.
- The area of the municipality also borders the Lac du Louet to the west. A 4 km long circular path leads around the reservoir.
traffic
Montaner is connected to the routes départementales 61, 62, 63, 200, 202, 225 and 425.
Web links
- Montaner on the website of the former community association (French)
- Website of the tourist office of the former association of municipalities (French)
- Montaner Castle website (French)
- Website of the Association de Amis du Château de Montaner (French)
- Website of the Working Group of Noir de Bigorre (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Montaner ( fr ) Gasconha.com. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ↑ a b c Montaner ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 6, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ↑ Ma commune: Montaner ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ^ A b Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. Pp. 116, 117, 1863. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ↑ Notice Communale Montaner ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2006 Commune de Montaner (64398) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune de Montaner (64398) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ↑ Eglise Saint-Michel de Montaner ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 6, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ↑ Clocher de l'église Saint-Michel ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 6, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ↑ Chrisme de l'église Saint-Michel ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 6, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ↑ Décor pictural de l'église Saint-Michel ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 6, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ↑ Plafond peint de l'église Saint-Michel ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 6, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ↑ peinture murale ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ↑ Écusson du plafond de l'église Saint-Michel ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 6, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ↑ Maître-autel de l'église Saint-Michel ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 6, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ↑ Autel de l'église Saint-Michel ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 6, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ↑ ensemble du maître-autel (autel, tabernacle, retable, 6 chandeliers d'autel) ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ↑ Autel de Marie de l'église Saint-Michel ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 6, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ↑ autel, retable (autel secondaire de la Vierge) ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ↑ Fonts baptismaux de l'église Saint-Michel ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 6, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ↑ fonts baptismaux (encastré, cuve baptismale à infusion) ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ^ Eglise paroissiale Saint-Michel ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ↑ Eglise Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 6, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ^ Eglise paroissiale Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ^ Eglise paroissiale Saint-Martin ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ^ Eglise paroissiale Saint-André ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ↑ Château de Montaner ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 6, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ^ Château fort ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ↑ Le village ( fr ) Association de Amis du Château de Montaner. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2015 Commune de Montaner (64398) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ^ École maternelle ( fr ) National Ministry of Education. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ↑ Circuit n ° 12: Le circuit des coteaux de Montaner ( fr ) Vic-Montaner tourist office. Archived from the original on October 6, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ↑ Circuit n ° 13: Le circuit des 4 Eglises, l'ouest de Montaner ( fr ) Vic-Montaner tourist office. Archived from the original on October 6, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
- ↑ Circuit n ° 14: Autour du lac du Louet ( fr ) Vic-Montaner tourist office. Archived from the original on October 6, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
