Ponson-Dessus
| Ponson-Dessus | ||
|---|---|---|
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
| Arrondissement | Pau | |
| Canton | Vallées de l'Ousse et du Lagoin | |
| Community association | North Est Béarn | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 19 ′ N , 0 ° 3 ′ W | |
| height | 285-389 m | |
| surface | 10.77 km 2 | |
| Residents | 258 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 24 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 64460 | |
| INSEE code | 64452 | |
 Parish Church of Saint-Laurent |
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Ponson-Dessus is a French municipality with 258 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the arrondissement of Pau and the canton of Vallées de l'Ousse et du Lagoin (until 2015: canton of Montaner ).
The inhabitants are called Ponsonois and Ponsonoises .
geography
Ponson-Dessus is located about 35 km east of Pau in the historic province of Béarn on the eastern edge of the department and borders in the north-west and east on the neighboring department of Hautes-Pyrénées .
Ponson-Dessus is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
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Séron ( enclave of the Hautes-Pyrénées) |
Ponson Debat Pouts |
Tarasteix (Hautes-Pyrénées) |
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Oroix (Hautes-Pyrénées) |
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| Aast | Ger |
Ponson-Dessus lies in the catchment area of the Adour River. The Ruisseau de Carbouère, also known as Louet daban, is a tributary of the Louet and crosses the western municipal area. In addition, the Lys darré, a tributary of the Lis , together with its tributary, the Lombré, flows through the eastern area of the municipality.
history
A cut stone ax , which dates back to prehistory and was found in the municipality in the 19th century, documents an early settlement of the area. The remains of numerous clay pots from the Gallo-Roman period could also be recovered. Between the 11th and 12th centuries, an oval rampart with trenches and a wall was built on its eastern side. On the west side, the foundations of two mounds of earth can still be seen today, which indicate an entrance gate at this point. A simple village church was also located in this rampart, which provides the clue for the location of a first settlement. Foundations of a second rampart around the parish church were discovered in today's center of the community. It is the core of the new village. In the west a deep ditch protected it, in the north and east steep walls a platform. The complex is believed to have been supplemented by a donjon on a mound. This will have been demolished at a later date to make space for more residential buildings.
In the 12th century, the Viscount of Béarn encouraged the settlement of new residents. He granted exemption from serfdom and granted the first families to move in their own land the size of 50 arpents . This action was repeated a few years later, this time combined with the promise of private law and 30 arpents of land. In the census in 1385, 19 households were counted in Ponson-Dessus. The community was subject to the Bailliage of Montaner. The houses of the pastor, the abbot of the lay monastery and the blacksmith were referred to as "defore lo csteg", as being outside the castle. This incidentally proves the existence of the seat of a landlord . The manorial power lay with the Viscount of Béarn, but jurisdiction was with the officials of Montaner, a territory that was not yet part of the Béarn at that time. The lay monastery is mentioned in a text from 1344 that confirms that it belongs to the diocese of Tarbes .
The Ruisseau de Carbouère was used to build four watermills for the production of flour in Ponson-Dessus . The geographic-political situation between the enclave of Séron and the Bigorre , today the largest part of the neighboring Hautes-Pyrénées, made the exchange of goods difficult. A complaint by the Ponsonois turned into the opposite, because it made access to the most important markets in Pau, Morlaàs or Tarbes more difficult , as they had to pay a fee for the right of way. In 1789 this tax was abolished again in the course of the French Revolution . In the summer of 1944 , numerous parachute drops were carried out over the community in support of the Maquisards , the French partisans of the Resistance .
Toponyms and mentions of Ponson-Dessus were:
- Ponzo (12th century, according to Pierre de Marca's book Histoire de Béarn , p. 453),
- Ponsoo-Susoo (1376, military show),
- Ponso-Dessus and Ponsa-Dessus (1385 and 1402, respectively, censuses in the Béarn),
- Ponssoo-Dessus , Ponsson-Dessuus and Ponçon-Dessus (1538, 1546 and 1675, reformation de Béarn , manuscript collection from the 16th to 18th centuries),
- Pouson Dessus (1750 and 1793, map by Cassini or Notice Communale ),
- Pouson-Dessus (1801, Bulletin des lois ) and
- Ponson-Dessus (1863, Dictionnaire topographique de la France).
Population development
Since the beginning of the records, the community grew to a level of around 400 inhabitants by the middle of the 19th century. A phase of stagnation began at the beginning of the 20th century. In the 1970s the size of the community was only around 180 inhabitants. This was followed by a growth phase that has continued to this day.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 221 | 207 | 181 | 212 | 227 | 234 | 246 | 250 | 258 |
Attractions
- Parish church dedicated to Lawrence of Rome . The first Romanesque church was built not far from the first ramparts in the Saint-Laurent district . During the Huguenot Wars it was completely destroyed by Protestant troops. After the conflict ended, it was rebuilt on the old foundations. At the end of the 19th century, however, the center of Ponson-Dessus developed on the site of the more recent medieval ramparts. The parish judged their existing parish church not only to be too far away, but also to be too small and shabby. Therefore, she decided to build a new neo-Gothic style church in the center in 1868 and demolish the old church in 1880. The nave of today's church has three naves and is equipped with a square bell tower facing west over the entrance porch. In the choir is one of the most important altar retables of the Montanérès. It dates from the 18th century and has been classified as a Monument historique since 1961 . Many other items of equipment from the 17th to 19th centuries are registered as national cultural assets.
Economy and Infrastructure
The economy of the municipality is mainly determined by agriculture. Ponson-Dessus is located in the AOC zones of the Porc noir de Bigorre pig breed and the Jambon noir de Bigorre ham .
total = 36
traffic
Ponson-Dessus can be reached via Routes départementales 54, 202, 204 (Hautes-Pyrénées 2) and 311.
Web links
- Atlas du Patrimoine Historique et Culturel with pictures from Ponson-Dessus (French)
- Ponson-Dessus on the website of the former municipal association (French)
- Website of the Consortium du Noir de Bigorre (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Ponson-Dessus ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 5, 2017.
- ↑ Ma commune: Ponson-Dessus ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved November 5, 2017.
- ^ Ensemble fortifié de Ponson-Dessus ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 5, 2017.
- ^ A b Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. S. 137, 1863. Retrieved November 5, 2017.
- ^ David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved November 5, 2017.
- ↑ a b Notice Communale Ponson-Dessus ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved November 5, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune de Ponson-Dessus (64452) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved November 5, 2017.
- ↑ Église Saint-Laurent ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 5, 2017.
- ^ Eglise paroissiale Saint-Laurent ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved November 5, 2017.
- ↑ retable ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved November 5, 2017.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité: Rechercher un produit ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved November 5, 2017.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2015 Commune de Ponson-Dessus (64452) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved November 5, 2017.
