Cardesse
| Cardesse | ||
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
| Arrondissement | Pau | |
| Canton | Le Coeur de Bearn | |
| Community association | Lacq-Orthez | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 16 ′ N , 0 ° 35 ′ W | |
| height | 154-329 m | |
| surface | 7.67 km 2 | |
| Residents | 296 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 39 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 64360 | |
| INSEE code | 64165 | |
| Website | cardesse.ccmonein.com | |
 House in Cardesse |
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Cardesse is a French municipality with 296 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the Arrondissement of Pau (until 2016: Arrondissement Oloron-Sainte-Marie ) and the canton of Le Cœur de Béarn (until 2015: Canton of Oloron-Sainte-Marie-Est ).
geography
Cardesse is about 35 kilometers west of Pau and about 15 kilometers north of Oloron-Sainte-Marie in the historic province of Béarn .
The place is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
| Monein | ||
| Lucq-de-Bearn |
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Monein |
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Ledeuix Oloron-Sainte-Marie |
Cardesse is located in the river Adour catchment area . A tributary of the Gave de Pau , the Luzoué , marks a large part of the north-western border with the neighboring municipality of Monein.
A tributary of the Luzoué, the Lèze, flows through the municipality together with its tributaries
- Ruisseau de Malarod and
- Ruisseau de l'Artigaus and its tributary Ruisseau de Labaigt.
history
Traces of a Zingel , a prehistoric defensive structure on a hill, indicate an early settlement.
Gaston II , called the Brave (le Preux), Count of Foix and Viscount of Béarn, founded the Bastide Barelhes in 1324. This name disappeared in the second half of the 14th century and Cardesse, initially part of today's neighboring municipality of Monein, counted 50 households in the 1385 census . According to the Béarn manuscript collection , Cardesse was mentioned as Cardesa in 1548.
During the French Revolution in 1790 Cardesse was recognized as an independent municipality.
Population development
After a peak of almost 650 inhabitants in the middle of the 19th century, the number of inhabitants fell by around 60% in short periods of stabilization by the end of the 1960s. Since then it has stabilized in a range between 250 and 290.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 291 | 258 | 285 | 272 | 289 | 259 | 254 | 253 | 296 |
Attractions
Church dedicated to Mary, mother of Jesus of Nazareth
Cardesse in 1333. The residents of the new bastide complained about the long distance they had to walk to go to mass. A church was not initially planned and the nearest church was in Monein. Fortaner de Lescun, landlord of Cardesse, finally financed the construction of an oratory in Cardesse, which was completed in 1403. The entrance for the cagots, which is no longer used, remains from this original chapel . The Cagots were an excluded and discriminated group from society. They were only allowed to marry one another, were not excluded from practicing the Christian religion, had their own area in the church and had to enter it via a separate entrance to prevent them from mingling with the other believers. The nave in its current size and a first bell tower were built in the 15th or 16th century. After an episode as a Protestant church, the sixteenth century was a period of maintenance and repair. In 1734 the current bell tower was built as an entrance porch. A private chapel, named after the owner Chapelle de Lacroutz , was attached to the church until the middle of the 19th century . In order to take account of the growing community, the nave was enlarged from 1895 by a side aisle on the south side at the expense of the then adjoining cemetery, which was moved to the exit from the town. To connect the new aisle to the main aisle, the wall was broken through with arcades, which were framed with stone blocks. Both side aisles also received a new chapel. The northern one is dedicated to Mary , the southern one to Joseph of Nazareth . The work was completed in 1987 with the construction of a new sacristy .
The gray marble holy water font dates from the 18th century. It is decorated on all sides with motifs that are framed as a bas-relief in circles. One of these motifs is a Maltese cross , others are geometric floral designs. The year “1733” can be seen on the side, whereby the “1” is hidden in the wall, which leads to the assumption that the pool could originally have stood freely on a base.
The main altar and its reredos date from the 17th to 18th centuries and were originally in the church of the Capuchin Order in Pau. They had been sold as a national good during the French Revolution before they were bought by Baron Pierre-Clément de Laussat and given to the Church of Cardesse. The altar is placed on a dais with two steps. Inlays on the dais show a Maltese cross and a star-shaped flower motif. The front facade of the altar is decorated with golden, interwoven plant motifs on a red background. In the middle, an Easter lamb is shown on an altar lined with gold.
The altarpiece is dedicated to Joseph of Nazareth and shows similarities with the retables of the Saint-Jacques churches in Saint-Goin and the Saint-Joseph chapel in Géronce . The crowning of the reredos is worked out in the form of a blown gable , in the middle of which a figure represents God the Father . The middle picture, called the altar panel, shows the motif of the Assumption in the style of Bartolomé Esteban Murillo . It shows Mary at the moment of Ascension, her eyes fixed on heaven and surrounded by cherubs. The image is framed by volutes associated with acanthus are wound at the base of each of two associated branches of olives. The gilded tabernacle shows a ciborium on its front , flanked by busts in medallions . It is surmounted by a dome supported by two pillars with a gilded cross on top. The dove in the background embodies the Holy Spirit . On both sides of the tabernacle there are niches for statues of Francis of Assisi and Clare of Assisi .
There are also altars in the two side chapels. The reredos of the northern chapel shows a painted wooden statue of a Madonna with baby Jesus at the top . The gilded door of the tabernacle is decorated with a statuette that shows Jesus Christ at the moment of mockery. In front of the reredos are two candlesticks from the 18th century. According to tradition, the reredos come from the Lacroutz Chapel, which was connected to the apse until the 18th century .
Arcet Castle
The original aristocratic residence was mentioned as early as the 15th century. The current building opposite the local church was built in the 19th century. Until the church was rebuilt at the end of the 19th century, its street facade was precisely aligned with this.
The list of landlords in Cardesse is long:
- Fortaner de Lescun, landlord of Esgoarrabaque, around 1333,
- Esgoarrabaque family,
- The de Mignos family, landlords from Foix, then de Castelbon (14th century),
- House of Béarn (15th century),
- House of Méritein, then Jacques de Sainte-Colomme (16th century).
The latter stood on the side of the Catholic party in the Huguenot Wars . After their defeat, Jeanne d'Albret , Queen of Navarre , confiscated the property in 1566.
The manor of Cardesse was subsequently acquired by:
- Arnaud de Faurie, Treasurer of Béarn, magistrate and Protestant, (1570–1597),
- Pierre de Lostal, son of a merchant from Oloron, landlord at the same time of Saint-Dos and Buziet , State Councilor to the King, Procurator General , then Vice Chancellor of Navarre (1597–1604),
- Gaillard de Lane, distinguished personality from Monein and treasurer of Béarn, then his daughter Marguerite (1604–1640),
- The Lassalle family from Oloron who joined the Béarn Estates (1640–1710),
- Péborde family, merchants from Oloron (1710–1790).
With the revolution, the system of manorial rule was extinguished. As a result, the castle was owned by:
- Laussat family, then Frachon family (19th to early 20th century),
- Darcet family (20th century).
Prehistoric moth
On the top of the hill, called Le Turon ( 296 m ), east of the community center, there was a moth , which was bordered by an embankment measuring six by eight meters and an escarp wall and a contrescarpe at its southeast and north ends . The embankment also had the appearance of an ancient curtain wall, the age of which is unknown. In September 1685, residents of Cardesse placed three crosses in the sense of Golgotha on the hill .
Economy and Infrastructure
The economy of the municipality is primarily determined by agriculture. Cardesse located in the zones AOC of vineyards Jurançon and Béarn and Ossau Iraty , a traditionally produced cheese from sheep milk.
total = 35
education
The municipality has a public primary school with 19 children in the 2016/2017 school year.
traffic
Cardesse is crossed by Routes départementales 9 and 109.
Personalities
- Jacques de Saint-Colomme, landlord of Esgoarrabaque and Cardesse. Standing on the Catholic side, he emigrated to Spain in 1566 after the victory of the Protestant troops. Jeanne d'Albret ordered the confiscation of the property and the destruction of the castle.
- Pierre-Clément de Laussat, born on November 23, 1756 in Pau, died on April 10, 1835 in Pau. He played several political roles during the French Revolution , French First Republic , First Empire, and the Restoration . In 1790 he married Marie-Anne de Péborde in Cardesse. In 1797 he was elected as a member of the Council of the Elderly ( Conseil des Anciens ), one of the two chambers of the French Parliament . As a beneficiary of Napoléon's coup d'état of 18th Brumaire VIII in 1799, he joined the Tribunate when it was founded, one of the two new chambers of the legislature . In 1802, Pierre-Clément de Laussat was appointed Prefect of the Louisiana Colony . He went to New Orleans to regain the territory that France had given to Spain in 1763, not knowing that Napoléon would then sell it to the United States . He left Louisiana in 1804 after the sale and went to Martinique as prefect , where he was captured by the British for a few months in 1809 when English troops conquered the island. Until the end of the empire he held the post of several prefectures. His last post under the Restoration was that of governor of French Guiana before retiring to his castle in Bernadets in 1823 . He recorded his eventful life in his biography Mémoires sur ma vie , published in 1831.
Web links
- Cardesse on the canton website (French)
- Website of the AOP Ossau-Iraty association (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ma commune: Cardesse ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
- ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Motte protohistorique de Cardesse ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on March 29, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
- ↑ a b c d Mairie de cardesse ( fr ) Municipality of Cardesse. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
- ^ Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. P. 41, 1863. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
- ↑ Notice Communale Cardesse ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved March 29, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune de Cardesse (64165) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved March 29, 2017.
- ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Église Notre-Dame ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on March 30, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
- ↑ église paroissiale Notre-Dame ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved March 29, 2017.
- ^ Conseil regional d'Aquitaine: Arcades ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on March 30, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
- ↑ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Bénitier de l'église de Cardesse ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on March 29, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
- ^ Conseil regional d'Aquitaine: Autel ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on March 30, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
- ↑ a b Regional Council of Aquitaine: Tableau du retable ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on March 30, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
- ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Retable de l'église Notre-Dame ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on March 29, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
- ↑ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Retable de la Vierge ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on March 29, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
- ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Château d'Arcet ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on March 30, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
- ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Château d'Arcet ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on March 30, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved March 29, 2017.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2014 Commune de Cardesse (64165) ( fr ) INSEE . Archived from the original on June 20, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
- ^ École élémentaire ( fr ) National Ministry of Education. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
- ^ Robert D. Bush, Pierre Clement de Laussat, Agnes-Josephine Pastwa: Memoirs of My Life ( en ) LSU Press. January 1, 2003. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
