Simacourbe

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Simacourbe
Simacourbe (France)
Simacourbe
region Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Department Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Arrondissement Pau
Canton Terres des Luys et Coteaux du Vic-Bilh
Community association North Est Béarn
Coordinates 43 ° 27 ′  N , 0 ° 10 ′  W Coordinates: 43 ° 27 ′  N , 0 ° 10 ′  W
height 172-321 m
surface 11.08 km 2
Residents 404 (January 1, 2017)
Population density 36 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code 64350
INSEE code 64524
Website www.simacourbe.fr

Parish Church of Saint Pierre of Simacourbe

Simacourbe is a French municipality with 404 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the Arrondissement of Pau and the canton of Terres des Luys et Coteaux du Vic-Bilh (until 2015: canton of Lembeye ).

The residents are called Simacourbais and Simacourbaises .

geography

Simacourbe is located about 30 km northeast of Pau in the Vic-Bilh region of the historic province of Béarn .

Simacourbe is surrounded by the neighboring communities:

Lannecaube Lalongue
Lespielle 		Escures
Lussagnet-Lusson Neighboring communities Lembeye
Monassut-Audiracq Gerderest
Maspie-Lalonquère-Juillacq 		Samsons Lion

Simacourbe is located in the catchment area of ​​the Adour River .

One of its tributaries, the Lées , crosses the territory of the commune with its tributaries,

  • the Ruisseau de Labadie and
  • the Lées of the same name and its tributaries,
    • the Ruisseau de Mondane and
    • the Ruisseau de Marchet.

history

The discovery of several tumulus graves in the municipality proves a settlement since early history , which lasted, because the remains of a Gallo-Roman villa have also come to light. In the Middle Ages , Simacourbe gained a certain importance, because 40 households were counted in the Béarn census in 1385. The village was part of the Lembeye Bailliage . The village was also referred to as castelnau in the scriptures . A Castelnau ( German  Neuburg , Occitan castèl nòu , in Vulgar Latin castellum novum ) is a village or town that was founded near a mound castle . This mound of earth, lined with ditches, was in what is now the Moncaubet district. The village had a lay monastery , which was subordinate to the Viscount of Béarn and entitled its abbot to a seat in the estates of the Béarn. The village continued to develop and in the 18th century became the seat of an archpriesthood of 44 parishes of the diocese of Lescar . The manor belonged to the margraviate of Gassion.

Toponyms and mentions of Simacourbe were:

  • Cimacorba (12th century, copy book by Morlaàs , sheet 7),
  • Simacorba (13th century, fors de Béarn , manuscript from the 14th century),
  • Simbe-Corbe (1383, contracts of the notary Luntz),
  • Cimecorbe (1402, census in the Béarn),
  • Sima-Curva (1418, documents of the Vicomté of Béarn),
  • Symecorbe and Sumacourbe (1540 and 1546, respectively, reformation de Béarn , manuscript collection from the 16th to 18th centuries) and
  • Simacourbe (1750, 1793 and 1801, map from Cassini , Notice Communale or Bulletin des Lois ).

Population development

After an initial peak of the population of around 620 in the middle of the 19th century, the number fell to 225 by the 1970s. Since then, there has been a growth trend that continues to this day.

year 1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2006 2009 2017
Residents 244 260 225 234 303 342 351 352 404
From 1962 official figures excluding residents with a second residence
Sources: EHESS / Cassini until 1999, INSEE from 2006

Attractions

  • Parish church dedicated to the Apostle Peter . In the late 11th century the lower part of the apse was built, in the early 12th century the upper part and the single nave nave and the entrance portal . Despite numerous changes over the centuries, many elements of the Romanesque period have been preserved. The church was probably set on fire during the Huguenot Wars . The ribbed vault and the side chapel were probably built in the second half of the 16th century . In the 19th century, the church was largely restored and the bell tower was built from 1853 to 1854 , as shown by stonemasons. Above the archivolts of the entrance portal, a circular stone bears an upside-down Christ monogram . It is believed to have been reused after the devastation of the Huguenot Wars of the 16th century. A jagged ornament surrounds the symbol, in which the words "Pax", "Lux", "Lex" and "Rex" ( German  peace, light, law, king ) are engraved. The outside of the apse is richly decorated with ornaments on two levels, which contrasts with the objectivity of the interior of the church. Many items of furniture from the 18th and 19th centuries are registered as national cultural assets. The parish church has been classified as a Monument historique since May 19, 1925 .
  • Parage Castle. In 1754 Jacques de Lomagne Tarride, landlord of Barinque and Escurès, lived in his castle in Simacourbe. This suggests that it had been built shortly before as a replacement for the previous lay monastery and with the reuse of buildings. From the lay monastery, a coat of arms on the lintel of the entrance door and the decor of the windows have been preserved. The fireplace in the earlier kitchen dates from the second half of the 16th century, the entrance hall and stairs from the second half of the 17th century. During the French Revolution the castle was sold as "national property". In the 19th century it belonged to the Parage family, which gave it its current name. In 1873 the community set up the town hall, a girls' school and the teacher's living quarters on the property. It still houses the municipal school today. The extensive, rectangular building has two floors and an attic. It is flanked by a round stair tower . The facade shows an asymmetrical arrangement, which shows the re-use of the former residential wing in the construction of the palace.
  • Chapel dedicated to Martin of Tours . The Romanesque building in the Moncaubet district dates from the 12th or 13th century. The chapel was restored in the first half of the 18th century, with a lintel engraved with the year "1735" dating from the 16th century and reused during the restoration. The nave, which houses a main aisle and a side aisle, has a bell gable with a bell that probably dates from the 15th century and is therefore one of the oldest preserved in the Béarn. The chapel houses furnishings from the 17th to 19th centuries that are registered as national cultural assets. When the entry was updated in 1993, the chapel was in poor condition.

Economy and Infrastructure

Trade and services are the main economic drivers of the community.

Active workplaces by industry on December 31, 2015
total = 43

education

The municipality has a public preschool and elementary school with 56 pupils in the 2017/2018 school year.

Spiritual institutions

Since October 2009 there has been a convent of Discalced Carmelites in Simacourbe.

traffic

Simacourbe can be reached via Routes départementales 104, 143, 207, 227, 543 and 943 (former Route nationale 643 ) and is connected to other municipalities in the department by a line from the Transports 64 bus network via Pau .

Personalities

  • Jean Lafourcade-Camarau (1818-1880). Born in Simacourbe, he left his parents' farm in 1834 to make a fortune with real estate business , first in Paris and later in Brazil . He returned to Simacourbe, bought back the farm his father had had to sell in the meantime and became mayor of the municipality. He continued to run real estate businesses in Pau by buying houses and converting them into luxury hotels. Between 1867 and 1872 he had the Hôtel de Gassion built in Pau, which soon became the center of the aristocracy until the First World War .
Paul Castaibert
  • Paul Castaibert, born on November 11, 1883 in Simacourbe, died on May 19, 1951 in Montevideo , Uruguay , was a pioneer of aviation in Argentina and the founder of aircraft construction in Argentina. When he 1908 the Flying School of Wright brothers visited in Pau, he decided to emigrate to Argentina. In 1910 he first set up a garage in Buenos Aires for repairing cars, from which a year later a taxi company with six cars grew. At the same time he rented a small hangar with the company name Construction et Réparation d´Aéroplanes . Paul Castaibert worked there as a designer of aircraft and flight instructor on his machines. In the first year he built his first model 910-1 ° . His third model, the 910-3 ° , was the first to go into a small series. At the end of 1916, Paul Castaibert closed and sold his companies in Argentina and moved to Montevideo. There he took part as a flight instructor in the establishment of the Air Force of Uruguay. After the head of the military school and friend, Juan Manuel Boiso Lanza, had a fatal accident at the controls of one of his aircraft on August 10, 1918, Paul Castaibert gave up all aviation activities and only sold cars until the end of his life.
Castaibert 912-3 °
Parameter Data
length 7.00 m
span 9.75 m
height 2.35 m
Wing area 18.75 m²
Empty weight 280 kg
engine Gnome Rhône Omega 50 hp
Cruising speed 100 km / h
Service ceiling 3500 m
Flight duration 3 hours

Web links

Commons : Simacourbe  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b http://visites.aquitaine.fr/simacourbe (link not available)
  2. ↑ Ma commune: Simacourbe ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
  3. ^ A b Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. P. 161, 1863. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
  4. ^ David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
  5. ↑ a b Notice Communale Simacourbe ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved December 18, 2017.
  6. ↑ Populations légales 2006 Commune de Simacourbe (64524) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved December 18, 2017.
  7. ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune de Simacourbe (64524) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved December 18, 2017.
  8. ↑ Église Saint-Pierre ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on January 17, 2018. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
  9. ↑ Chrisme de l'église Saint-Pierre ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on January 17, 2018. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
  10. ^ Eglise paroissiale Saint-Pierre ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved December 18, 2017.
  11. ^ Eglise saint-Pierre ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved December 18, 2017.
  12. ↑ http://visites.aquitaine.fr/chateau-de-la-parage (link not available)
  13. ^ Château dit de Parage ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved December 18, 2017.
  14. ^ Chapelle Saint-Martin ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved December 18, 2017.
  15. ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2015 Commune de Simacourbe (64524) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved December 18, 2017.
  16. ^ École maternelle et élémentaire ( fr ) National Ministry of Education. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
  17. ↑ Un nouveau monastère à Simacourbe ( fr ) Diocese of Bayonne . Retrieved December 18, 2017.
  18. ↑ http://visites.aquitaine.fr/jean-lafourcade-camarau (link not available)
  19. ^ JB Vannier: Pionnier de l'aviation> Paul Castaibert ( fr ) Latitud Argentina. June 13, 2009. Retrieved December 18, 2017.