Lacommande
| Lacommande | ||
|---|---|---|
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
| Arrondissement | Pau | |
| Canton | Le Coeur de Bearn | |
| Community association | Lacq-Orthez | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 17 ′ N , 0 ° 30 ′ W | |
| height | 150-262 m | |
| surface | 3.33 km 2 | |
| Residents | 214 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 64 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 64360 | |
| INSEE code | 64299 | |
| Website | www.lacommande.fr | |
_La_mairie.JPG) Lacommande Town Hall |
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Lacommande is a French municipality with 214 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the Arrondissement of Pau (until 2016: Arrondissement Oloron-Sainte-Marie ) and the canton of Le Cœur de Béarn (until 2015: Canton Lasseube ).
The name in the Gascognic language is La Comanda . The residents are called Lacommandais or Lacommandaises .
geography
Lacommande is about 20 kilometers west of Pau in the historic province of Béarn .
The place is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
| Monein | ||
| Monein |
.svg)
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Aubertin |
| Monein |
Lacommande is located in the catchment area of the Adour River .
A tributary of the Gave de Pau , the Bayse , flows together with its tributaries
- Male sex,
- Ruisseau de Brouqua and its tributary
- Ruisseau de Bernatouse as well
- Ruisseau du Coigt d'Arrens
through the territory of the municipality.
history
At the beginning of the 12th century, Gaston IV , called the Crusader , Viscount of Béarn, planned the construction of a hospital , called l'Espitau deu Faget d'Aubertii in the scriptures, as a stopover between the episcopal parishes of Lescar and Oloron on a very old path that leads over the Aspetal and the Somport Pass to Spain. However, a local landlord claimed the area for himself, which resulted in a lengthy legal tug-of-war that could be ended by an agreement in January 1128. The descendants of the landlord received 90 pregnant sheep as compensation. The construction of the hospital could be further developed under the supervision of Augustinian canons of the Abbey of Santa Cristina of Somport, an adjacent church was built between 1135 and 1140. The Papal Bulls of Popes Eugene III. and Innocent III. in 1151 and 1216 respectively, the Santa Cristina Abbey of Somport and all of its possessions placed under papal protection with the task of caring for the poor and strangers. As foreigners, pilgrims were meant on the Way of St. James to Santiago de Compostela , but also knights , merchants, clergy and settlers who came to Spain as part of the Reconquista . The relationship between the Aubertin Hospital and the abbey was economic, administrative and financial, nourished by the effects of the Reconquista in the context of the close political ties between the Vice-County of Béarn and the Kingdom of Aragon . 1160 Abbey of Santa Cristina received the transmission and sale of land and timber on the right bank of the Bayse from the landlord of Artiguelouve on the use of migrant grazers of the abbey and the hospital.
In a document from 1208 it was stated that the Commander of Aubertin, A. de Maurinis, had the church and the village of Castejón de Valdejasa , a conquered area in the Aragonese region of Cinco Villas , in return for the reception of shepherds and clergy of the Abbey and the religious chapters convened by the prior . In addition to this agreement, the document documents the change of status from a hospital to a commandery, as with many of the many other properties of the Santa Cristina Abbey. It quickly became apparent that the Commandery of Aubertin was the most important branch of the abbey north of the Pyrenees . Written tradition attests to the assembly of the friars of Spain and Gascony in 1233, 1261, 1307 and 1464.
The status of the Commandery went hand in hand with growing autonomy. Therefore, Roger Bernard III signed. , Viscount of Béarn and Count of Foix , and his wife, Marguerite de Béarn, signed a Paragium treaty with the Commander Fortaner de Pimbo on August 7, 1297 , which regulated the rights of the Commandery similar to the establishment of a bastide . In 1311, Marguerite's brother, Jean de Béarn, was both Commander of Aubertin and Prior of Santa Cristina, which underlines the bond between the two institutions. It was during this time that the Santa Cristina Abbey was at its height.
At the census in Béarn in 1385 by Gaston Fébus , Viscount of Béarn, the Commandery was drafted into the census for the municipality of Aubertin. For the Commandery itself, only three households were counted, although at least 20 people lived in their area: the Commander, some clergymen and the residents who tilled the fields. The territory of today's municipality of Aubertin belonged to the landlord of Artiguelouve , but the inhabitants of Aubertin had no choice but to go to the church and the cemetery of the Commandery. In another census in 1538, Commander Jean de Borau presented a list of 25 feudal villages beyond the Commandery . But a short time later, Jeanne d'Albret , Queen of Navarre , wanted to push through the Reformation in her country and put an end to this period of prosperity. As soon as the last commander, Balthazar de Borau, died and the Augustinians had left all the facilities of the Abbey of Santa Cristina in France, on September 25, 1571, they handed over the income of the commandery to their captain Bertrand d'Espalungue. The ecclesiastical property of the Commandery of Aubertin was confiscated in 1587.
In 1603, King Henry IV commissioned one of his protégés to return the church facilities to the Catholics . In 1610 the Barnabites came into the possession of the Santa Cristina Abbey on French soil. In 1640 they established themselves in the Commandery after they had deposed the Commander-in-Chief Elie de Licerasse and took over the title and function themselves. The Barnabites made the Commandery afloat again against some opposition from the Lacommandais , who questioned their authority, against the intention of the neighboring parish of Monein to incorporate the Commandery into their territory and against the royal ordinances , which aimed at institutions that no longer provided hospitality and embezzled the revenue .
The French Revolution put an abrupt end to the Barnabite bustle with a well-functioning hospital. The Barnabites cleared the facilities, the hospital and rectory were sold to private individuals. The people of Lacommande shared fields, forests and vineyards among the Barnabites, and some were even able to buy houses, including two water mills and the hospital. The Commandery of Aubertin became the municipality of Lacommande, administratively separated from Aubertin. Lacommande continued to form a parish with Aubertin for a certain time, until a church and cemetery were created in Aubertin in 1867 and the residents of the two parishes then also went spiritually separate ways. However, Lacommande benefited from the legacy of the past surrounding the church being a center of commerce and education. Until the separation of church and state in 1903, sisters ran a girls' school. After they left, the community took over the school and converted it into a non-denominational, mixed school.
Toponyms and mentions of Lacommande were:
- Hospitale de Faget et Domus Albertini (1128, document from Aubertin, according to Pierre de Marca's book Histoire de Béarn , p. 421),
- L'Espitau d'Aubertii (1355, Notaries von Pardies , No. 2, sheet 91),
- La Commanderie d'Aubertin (1768, census by Aubertin),
- Lacommande (1793 and 1801, Notice Communale and Bulletin des lois, respectively ) and
- (La) Commande (1863, Dictionnaire topographique Béarn-Pays basque).
Population development
The population development of Lacommande shows multiple growth phases followed by subsequent decreases in the number of inhabitants.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 185 | 187 | 191 | 225 | 202 | 172 | 229 | 236 | 214 |
Attractions
Commandery
The commandery includes the church, the hospital, the cemetery, lands and forests. It has been classified as a monument historique since 1962 and is owned by the département. Admission is free. The hospital still receives pilgrims on the Camino de Santiago.
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Church of the former commandery
It was built in the 12th century on the Way of St. James to Santiago de Compostela and dedicated to Blasius von Sebaste . Its original floor plan was simple, with a single nave nave and no buttresses . Only the apse remains of the simple Romanesque building , which was restored in 1970 and 1974. This is two-story, equipped with a boiler vault, the upper story is illuminated through three windows. A side chapel was added to the north side of the church in the 13th century as the arm of a transept. A massive, square bell tower from 1695 rises above the chapel .
The north side chapel is dedicated to Mary , mother of Jesus Christ . A half-octagonal chapel extends the chapel, spatially separated by a pointed arch. It is illuminated by a five-pass ox-eye and an arched window. Crossing pointed arches in the form of flattened bulges appear on the vault of the chapel . The fighters are decorated with sculptures , on the southwest corner with the motif of a citadel , on the southeast corner with a chubby grimace with blunt noses and protruding eyes.
The chapel has two windows, which are covered by an altarpiece , a twin window in the shape of a round arch and a cross-shaped window. In the middle of the 18th century altarpiece, in a blind niche, there is a statue depicting Mary with baby Jesus . Above is a rectangular gable, which ends with a triangle at the top. The rectangular portion is plated with Putten decorated which a pigeon with halo surrounded. The side parts of the altarpiece are worked out as risalits , which are decorated with serpent columns and flower garlands. The seraphs on the bases of the pillars symbolize the preaching of the Lord . On the front of the associated altar, the Agnus Dei is represented on the book with the seven seals in a large medallion .
The side chapel, dedicated to Joseph of Nazareth , houses a 17th-century altarpiece with two serpentine columns decorated with falling flowers, fruits and leaves with leaves . The central painting in the style of Philippe de Champaigne and the French school of the 17th century illustrates Jesus' Last Supper . The altarpiece is completed by a tabernacle from the 18th century. It consists of the shrine with a small railing above on which a statue of St. Joseph rests. A relief on the door of the tabernacle depicts Christ crucified .
Today's entrance to the church is through a door from the 17th century below a porch, framed by pilasters in the Doric order . The wall of the choir is adorned by a blind arcade with twelve blind arches in the shape of a round arch, which rest on narrow pillars supported by a stylobate . The bases of the pillars stand on plinths with different ornaments: saw teeth, passes, pearls, festoons , ears and geometric motifs. The capitals of the columns bear witness to the Romanesque era and depict biblical and profane scenes. Some show motifs of lush vegetation, decorated with flowers, stalks or half-palmettes , others illustrate bestiaries with centaurs , animal masks, birds or sirens . Based on differences in the way the motifs are worked out, it can also be seen if a column was worked on by a different master than the neighboring one. Analogous to the capitals of the columns, sculptures can also be found on window sills, the motifs of which continue from window to window.
Former Lacommande cemetery
In the past, a cloister comprised the cemetery, which is located west of the hospital building and which can be reached via a door in the rear part of the nave of the church. 57 disc-shaped grave stelae, called Hilarri , can be seen in the cemetery. Some grave steles are dated, the oldest is engraved with the year 1640, the youngest with the year 1804. The stelae from the period after the French Revolution are placed along the walls. Some surnames on the steles still exist today, confirming that it is the former cemetery of the parish of Aubertin.
- Hilarri in the Lacommande cemetery
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Economy and Infrastructure
The municipality's economy is determined by viticulture, services and tourism. Lacommande is located in the AOC zones of the Jurançon and Béarn wine-growing regions and of Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally made cheese made from sheep's milk. Around 60 independent winemakers, who have been part of the La Route des Vins du Jurançon association since 1986, offer their products for tasting and sale in the Maison des Vins et du Terroir in the Commanderie .
total = 23
sport and freetime
The long-distance hiking trail GR 653 from Toulouse to Jaca , which corresponds to a section of the Via Tolosana , the southernmost of the four historical " Paths of the Pilgrims of St. James in France ", leads through the town center.
traffic
Lacommande is crossed by Routes départementales 34 and 146.
Web links
- Lacommande on the canton website (French)
- Website of the association La Route des Vins du Jurançon (French)
- Website of the AOP Ossau-Iraty association (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lacommande ( fr ) Gasconha.com. Retrieved July 3, 2017.
- ↑ Lacommande ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2016. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved July 3, 2017.
- ↑ Ma commune: Lacommande ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved July 3, 2017.
- ↑ Hirstoire de Lacommande ( fr ) Municipality of Lacommande. Retrieved July 3, 2017.
- ^ Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. S. 88, 1863. Retrieved July 3, 2017.
- ↑ a b Notice Communale Lacommande ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved July 3, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune de Lacommande (64299) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved July 3, 2017.
- ^ Ancienne commanderie ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved July 3, 2017.
- ↑ La Commanderie, Lacommande ( fr ) Coeur de Béarn tourist office in Monein and Orthez. Retrieved July 3, 2017.
- ↑ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Hôpital de Lacommande ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 3, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Conseil regional d'Aquitaine: Église Saint-Blaise ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 3, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ A b Eglise Sainte-Blaise ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved July 3, 2017.
- ↑ a b Regional Council of Aquitaine: Chapelle de la Vierge de l'église Saint-Blaise ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 3, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Voûte de la chapelle de la Vierge de l'église Saint-Blaise ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 3, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Conseil regional d'Aquitaine: Retable de la Vierge dans l'église Saint-Blaise ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 3, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Retable de l'église Saint-Blaise ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 3, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Conseil regional d'Aquitaine: Tabernacle de l'église Saint-Blaise ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 3, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Colonnettes de l'église Saint-Blaise ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 3, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Chapiteaux de l'église Saint-Blaise ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 3, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Conseil regional d'Aquitaine: Sculptures de l'église Saint-Blaise ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 3, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Cimetière de Lacommande ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 3, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité - Rechercher un produit ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved July 3, 2017.
- ↑ La Maison des vins et du terroir, Lacommande ( fr ) Tourist Office of Coeur de Béarn in Monein and Orthez. Archived from the original on June 26, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved July 3, 2017.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2014 Commune de Lacommande (64299) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved July 3, 2017.
- ↑ GR® 653 - Sentier vers Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle: Toulouse - Jaca ( fr ) Comité départemental de la Randonnée pédestre des Pyrénées-Atlantiques (CDRP 64). Retrieved July 3, 2017.
