Mascaraàs haron

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Mascaraàs haron
Mascaraàs-Haron (France)
Mascaraàs haron
region Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Department Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Arrondissement Pau
Canton Terres des Luys et Coteaux du Vic-Bilh
Community association Luys en Bearn
Coordinates 43 ° 32 ′  N , 0 ° 13 ′  W Coordinates: 43 ° 32 ′  N , 0 ° 13 ′  W
height 130-272 m
surface 8.76 km 2
Residents 127 (January 1, 2017)
Population density 14 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code 64330
INSEE code 64366

Parish Church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste in Mascaraàs

Mascaraàs-Haron is a French municipality with 127 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the Arrondissement of Pau and the canton of Terres des Luys et Coteaux du Vic-Bilh (until 2015: canton Garlin ).

The inhabitants of the municipality are called Mascaronais and Mascaronaises .

geography

Mascaraàs-Haron is located about 40 kilometers north of Pau in the Vic-Bilh region in Gascogni in the historic province of Béarn on the northeastern edge of the department.

The place is surrounded by the neighboring communities:

Castetpugon Portet
Baliracq-Maumusson Neighboring communities Tadousse-Ussau
Taron-Sadirac-Vlichenave Burosse-Mendousse Saint-Jean-Poudge

Mascaraàs-Haron is located in the catchment area of ​​the Adour River .

Tributaries of the Lées irrigate the territory of the commune,

  • the Boulise with its tributaries,
    • the Jouandeux and
    • the sorbet,

and

  • the Lées of the same name , also called Grand Lées here, with its tributary,
    • the Baoulac.

history

The discovery of a flint tip from the Solutréen (around 22,000 to 17,000 BC) proves that the area was already settled in prehistory . The community area was probably even inhabited without interruption into the Middle Ages , when there was a moth at the beginning . This was subsequently replaced by a lay monastery, vassal of the Vicomté of Béarn, which was built on a fortified hill. In the census of the Béarn in 1385 six households were counted in Mascaraàs and it was noted that the place belonged to the Bailliage of the archpriesthood of Lembeye . In the 17th and 18th centuries, the Batz family, lords of Diusse , owned the lay monastery.

In 1831 the parish of Haron was added to the parish of Mascaras; her current name is Mascaraàs-Haron.

Toponyms and mentions of mascaraàs were:

  • Masquaraas (13th century, fors de Béarn , manuscript from the 14th century, p. 22),
  • Mascaraas (1402, census of the Béarn),
  • Masqueraas (1546, manuscript collection from the 16th to 18th centuries) and
  • Mascaras (1750, 1793, 1801 and 1863, map by Cassini , Notice Communale , Bulletin des lois or Dictionnaire topographique Béarn-Pays basque).

The toponym Haron appeared in 1402 under the form Faroo in the documents of the census of the Béarn.

Population development

After a peak in the number of inhabitants of around 500 in the middle of the 19th century, the number fell to a level of around 130 during short recovery phases by the turn of the millennium, which is still the case today.

year 1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2006 2009 2017
Residents 174 163 149 156 150 128 123 125 127
Until 1821 only residents of Mascaraàs, from 1831 of Mascaraàs-Haron
From 1962 official figures without residents with a second residence
Sources: EHESS / Cassini until 2006, INSEE from 2009

Attractions

Detail of the altar of the parish church in Mascaraàs
Baptismal font
Holy water font

Parish church in Mascaraàs

The construction of the church dedicated to John the Baptist probably dates from the 16th century. The simple floor plan, the small windows, the square helmet of the bell gable and the mighty buttresses are structural features of this time when the church was threatened by the Huguenot Wars . Despite numerous changes, the church has retained its original character. The year "1780" above the entrance on the south side indicates a renovation at the end of the 18th century. A skylight is embedded in the wall above the arched door so that the light can better penetrate the church, a very common arrangement in this region of the Béarn. After 1819 the church was enlarged by adding a side chapel or a sacristy to a side aisle .

The church has seven stained glass windows , by the glass painter Pierre Arcencam from Pau from 1927, depicting the Good Shepherd , the Immaculate Conception and the pilgrims of Emmaus . The latter is characterized by its radiant polychromy. His motif shows the moment when the risen Jesus handed his two disciples in Emmaus the bread, broke it and blessed it, and only then did they recognize him. The inscription at the foot of the window reads accordingly: "Alors, ils le reconnurent" ( German:  'Now they recognized him' ).

In the choir , the view falls on the main altar from the 18th century. In the middle of his retable is a painting depicting the Assumption of the Virgin Mary . Carried by two angels , Mary ascends to heaven. Depictions of Saints Peter and John the Baptist on both sides of the painting are striking because of their size and are characteristic of works from the 18th century. Columns with vases with implied flames, pilasters , cherubins and garlands on a painted decor, which forms an imitation marble in green tones, and the altar form a complete work according to the taste of the 18th century, which is ascribed to the artist Giraudy, who is known in the region . The tabernacle was made of gilded wood towards the end of the 17th century and is almost identical to that in the parish church of Diusse . If it wasn't made by the same artist, then at least they're based on the same template. The front of the altar shows two medallions depicting the Immaculate Conception and again John the Baptist.

The stone baptismal font of the church from the 17th century has a height of 97 cm and a diameter of 79 cm. It has the peculiarity that its closing wooden lid is studded with forged iron nails, the tips of which point upwards. This is owed to the instructions of the bishops , who complained about the poor condition of the previously unprotected baptismal font during their inspections and urged a suitable closure. Nobody should be able to sit on the lid, and the practice of women with newborns to put candles on the nail pins during mass should be encouraged.

Another special feature of the church is the stone holy water font from the second half of the 17th century. It rests on a column of Ionic order in the central aisle of the main aisle near the entrance, which also supports the wooden gallery .

Castle of Mascaraàs-Haron

The origins of the castle go back to a moth that was built in the High Middle Ages . In the 12th and 13th centuries the castle was the seat of a lay monastery. The current building, which could have served as a hunting lodge for Jeanne d'Albret , Queen of Navarre , was erected on its ruins in the 16th century . In the 17th century, the Batz family, landlords of Diusse , had the castle enlarged and redesigned towards the end of the 18th century. From the medieval castle there may be a door and reused, hewn stones. Today's castle, however, has magnificent paintings on paneling from the 18th century. In the 25 hectare park there is also a dovecote , a symbol of the landlords until the French Revolution , because only they were allowed to build it on their property. In addition to its function as a status symbol, dovecotes also allowed the production of fertilizer from bird droppings. The dovecote of the Castle of Mascaraàs-Haron has a long history. Its substructure is built up to a height of 1 m to 1.5 m with a mixture of molasses and pebbles, remnants of an earlier building. A polygonal structure with a pointed roof is laid out on this substructure. In 1886 the dovecote was converted into a tea house. The chateau is privately owned but can be visited with its French front gardens, English park, gardens, vineyard and wine cellar that produces the local Madiran and Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh wines .

Economy and Infrastructure

AOC Madiran grapevine

Agriculture is traditionally the most important economic factor in the municipality. Mascaraàs-Haron is located in the AOC zones of the Béarn , Madiran and Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh wine-growing areas .

Active workplaces by industry on December 31, 2015
total = 13

traffic

Mascaraàs-Haron is crossed by Route départementale 104.

Web links

Commons : Mascaraàs-Haron  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Pyrénées-Atlantiques Gentilé ( fr ) habitants.fr. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
  2. ↑ Ma commune: Mascaraàs-Haron ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
  3. ^ Conseil regional d'Aquitaine: Mascaraàs-Haron ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 9, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  4. ^ A b c Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. P. 109, 1863. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
  5. ↑ a b c Notice Communale Mascaraàs-Haron ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved September 9, 2017.
  6. ^ David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
  7. ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune de Mascaraàs-Haron (64366) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved September 9, 2017.
  8. ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Église Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 9, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  9. ^ Eglise paroissiale Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved September 9, 2017.
  10. ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Vitrail représentant les Pèlerins d'Emmaüs ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 9, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  11. ↑ 7 verrières: Bon Pasteur, Immaculée Conception, Pèlerins d'Emmaüs ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved September 9, 2017.
  12. ↑ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Maître-autel de l'église Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 9, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  13. ↑ devant d'autel, gradin d'autel ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved September 9, 2017.
  14. ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Fonts baptismaux de l'église Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 9, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  15. ↑ fonts baptismaux ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved September 9, 2017.
  16. ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Bénitier de l'église Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 9, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  17. ↑ bénitier ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved September 9, 2017.
  18. ↑ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Château de Mascaraàs-Haron ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 9, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  19. ^ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Pigeonnier ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 9, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  20. ^ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité - Rechercher un produit ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved September 9, 2017.
  21. ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2015 Commune de Mascaraàs-Haron (64366) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved September 9, 2017.