Sallespiss

Sallespiss
region	Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Department	Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Arrondissement	Pau
Canton	Artix and Pays de Soubestre
Community association	Lacq-Orthez
Coordinates	43 ° 31 ′  N , 0 ° 43 ′  W Coordinates: 43 ° 31 ′  N , 0 ° 43 ′  W
height	78-180 m
surface	15.16 km 2
Residents	577 (January 1, 2017)
Population density	38 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code	64300
INSEE code	64501
Sallespisse Town Hall

Sallespisse is a French municipality with 577 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the Arrondissement Pau and the canton Artix et Pays de Soubestre (until 2015: canton Orthez ).

The first part of the name of the municipality, Salle , comes from the Germanic word for "hall" and indicates a castle, the rest of the name part of a man with the Latin name "Piccius".

The inhabitants are called Sallespissiens and Sallespissiennes .

geography

Sallespisse is located about 45 km northwest of Pau in the historic province of Béarn on the northern border with the neighboring Landes department .

The place is surrounded by the neighboring communities:

Bonnut	Bonnegarde (Landes)
Orthez		Sault-de-Navailles
	Balansun

Sallespisse is located in the catchment area of ​​the Adour River . The Ruisseau du Pas de Salles, a tributary of the Luy de Béarn , rises on the territory of the municipality as does the Ruisseau de Rontun, a tributary of the Gave de Pau .

history

Sallespisse lies on a hill above the Gave de Pau valley. For this reason, fortified structures were built in numerous epochs. The oldest of them, called Touroun de Tury , comes from early history . Remains of a mound and earth walls, which stretched over 200 m × 150 m, are still visible today. Because of this strategic location, Sallespisse was considered an outpost to defend Orthez. Since the Middle Ages, the village has been a station on the Via Lemovicensis , one of the four Way of St. James in France to Santiago de Compostela . In the 1385 census of the Béarn, there were 27 households in Sallespisse and the village was part of the Bailliage of Pau. The landlord's castle belonged to the de Salles family. It was destroyed during the Huguenot Wars , after which a new aristocratic seat was built in the same place.

Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington		Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult

As part of the Napoleonic Wars , the community played a role in the Battle of Orthez on February 27, 1814 between the Allied army under the command of Arthur Wellesleys , later Duke of Wellington , and the French troops under the command of Maréchal Nicolas Jean-de -Dieu Soult . Soult planned a possible retreat from Orthez via Sallespisse to Sault-de-Navailles, where the Luy de Béarn could form a natural line of defense before the fighting began. He therefore left two regiments in Sallespisse. After the French troops had been defeated in the battle, they tried to escape in all directions, at first in order, soon confused, and sometimes also via Sallespisse. The British cavalry pursued the fleeing people who tried for a time to hold the village in Sallespisse but eventually continued their retreat across the Sault-de-Navailles bridge.

Toponyms and mentions of Sallespisse were:

• Salespisso (1304, documents from the Viscount of Béarn),
• Salespisses (1307, copy book by Orthez, sheet 19),
• Sales-Pissos (1346, documents from the Vicomté of Béarn),
• Salespissoo (1385, census in the Béarn),
• Salas-Pisso (1476, notaries from Castetner ),
• Salespis (1583, documents from Garos ),
• Sales et Rontum and Salles-Pisse (1546 and 1675, respectively, reformation de Béarn , manuscript collection from the 16th to 18th centuries),
• Sallespisse (1750 and 1793, map by Cassini or Notice Communale ),
• Salles-Pisse (1801, Bulletin des Lois ) and
• Sallespisse (1863, Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées).

Population development

The parish peaked in size with 875 inhabitants in the middle of the 19th century. As a result, the number of inhabitants was reduced to around 435 with short recovery phases up to the 1950s. As a result, a robust growth phase set in that continues to this day.

year	1962	1968	1975	1982	1990	1999	2006	2009	2017
Residents	454	482	496	533	573	564	582	589	577

From 1962 official figures excluding residents with a second residence
Sources: EHESS / Cassini until 1999, INSEE from 2006

Attractions

• Parish church dedicated to John the Baptist . The first mention of the church dates from the year 1180. It was under the diocese of Dax and is mentioned in the copial book of the cathedral of Dax with the toponym Sanctus Johannes de Sales Pizou . Presumably it was the castle chapel , which also served as the parish church. Due to donations and bequests from various lords of the castle, certain parishioners and the parish itself, extensive renovations were carried out in the 14th and 15th centuries. The church was repaired in 1779 and 1780. A plaque attests to extensive work inside the church in 1843. a. the construction of a side chapel and a main altar ; and the purchase of a copy of a painting by Nicolas Poussin showing John the Baptist performing the baptism. In 1876 the church was seen as outdated and too small for the growing population. The architect of the city of Orthez, Henri d'Arnaudat, had the church enlarged and restored in 1877. The side aisle was lengthened, the central nave raised, the windows adjusted and the groin vault in the nave and the semi-dome vault in the choir created. In 1898 a project was started by the architect Bourdette from Orthez to restore and add to the bell tower above the entrance porch, the helmet of which had crumbled. In 1901 this work was completed. In 1971 a violent thunderstorm destroyed the church tower, the helmet of which had to be replaced by a flatter roof. Its current architecture does not fit in with the traditional architecture of the region, unless the white stones framed doors and windows, as can be found on most buildings in the region. The bell tower temporarily housed the school and even the town hall. As with most churches in the Béarn, the parish church of Sallespisse is also surrounded by a cemetery. It is worth noting a very large number of marble tombs belonging to several unrelated families. For economic reasons, they share a tomb. Some graves belong to Protestant families. They are very factual, without a cross and with tombstones in the form of columns. A memorial for the fallen soldiers of the community is also set up in the cemetery.

Francis Jammes

• Manoir de Salles. On the site of the manor house there was a castle owned by the de Salles family, who presumably u. a. received the chronicler Jean Froissart . Other nobles from Béarn followed the Salles until the castle burned down in the Huguenot Wars in the 16th century. The newly built castle, called Manoir de Salles, was built on the artificial mound of the previous castle and adapts to its shape. It has been rebuilt several times over the centuries. The buildings around the main house form a courtyard and show different architectural styles depending on the period of their construction or restoration. A monumental staircase from the late 18th century shows the way from the inner courtyard up to the main house. A columned entrance hall from the early 19th century leads inside to the 17th century rooms. During the Napoleonic Wars, an infirmary was set up in the Manoir to take care of the wounded. At the end of the 19th century, the Bigaud de Cazanove family came into possession of the manor house. A member of the family, Arnaury de Cazanove, welcomed his friend, the poet Francis Jammes , who immortalized the property in his poem Il est près de Salles . Today the manor house is privately owned and not open to the public.

Economy and Infrastructure

Agriculture developed due to the fertile soil and is traditionally the most important economic factor in the municipality.

Active workplaces by industry on December 31, 2015
total = 48

education

The municipality has a public primary and primary school Daniel Argote with 65 pupils in the school year 2017/2018.

Camino de Santiago logo

sport and freetime

The long-distance hiking trail GR 654 -West from Namur in Belgium via Vézelay to Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port leads through the municipality. It follows the Via Lemovicensis , one of the four historical " Routes of the St. James pilgrims in France ".

traffic

Sallespisse is crossed by Route départementale 933, the former Route nationale 133 , and is connected to other municipalities in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques and Landes departments by a line from the XL'R bus network via Orthez and Amou .

Personalities

Daniel Argote, born on July 21, 1910 in Bayonne , died on August 10, 1944 in Orthez, was a school teacher and member of the Resistance . At the beginning of World War II , he was drafted into the French army and captured in Alsace in 1940. Because he had four children, he was released after thirteen months and, in October 1941, became a school teacher in Sallespisse, which was on the demarcation line between the occupied and unoccupied zones of France. As an employee of the town hall, he was responsible for handling the transitions between the zones. Because of his position, he was able to issue false papers for forced laborers and French partisans . From autumn 1943 Daniel Argote coordinated the actions of the French resistance in the region as a member of the secret army of Orthez, set up an area for parachute drops, procured weapons and ammunition and established radio contact with London . On August 10, 1944, he was ambushed in Orthez when he was carrying out an assignment to smuggle out Polish deserters. In his memory, a plaque is hung on the town hall and at the school in Sallespisse, which also bears his name.

Web links

Commons : Sallespisse  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Atlas du Patrimoine Historique et Culturel with pictures from Sallespisse (French)
• Sallespisse on the Association of Municipalities website (French)
• Regular buses of the Régie des Transports Landais (RDTL) of the Landes department (French)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Sallespisse ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 11, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 11, 2017. 
2. ↑ Pyrénées-Atlantiques Gentilé ( fr ) habitants.fr. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
3. ↑ Ma commune: Sallespisse ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
4. ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Motte de Tury ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 11, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 11, 2017. 
5. ^ ^{A b} Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. S. 155, 1863. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
6. ↑ Hon. Sir John William Fortescue: A History Of The British Army - Vol. IX - (1813-1814) ( en ) Normanby Press. June 13, 2014. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
7. ↑ Sir Charles William Chadwick Oman KBE: A History of the Peninsular War, Volume VII: August 1813 to April 14, 1814 ( en ) Wagram Press. August 15, 2014. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
8. ^ David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
9. ↑ ^{a b} Notice Communale Sallespisse ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved December 11, 2017.
10. ↑ Populations légales 2006 Commune de Sallespisse (64501) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved December 11, 2017.
11. ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune de Sallespisse (64501) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved December 11, 2017.
12. ↑ Église Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 11, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 11, 2017. 
13. ↑ Clocher de l'église Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 11, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 11, 2017. 
14. ↑ église paroissiale Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved December 11, 2017.
15. ↑ Cimetière de Saint-Jean-Baptiste à Sallespisse ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 11, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 11, 2017. 
16. ↑ Manoir de Salles ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 11, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 11, 2017. 
17. ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2015 Commune de Sallespisse (64501) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved December 11, 2017.
18. ^ École maternelle et élémentaire ( fr ) National Ministry of Education. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
19. ↑ La voie de Vézelay ( fr ) Agence de Coopération Interrégionale et Réseau “Chemins de Saint-Jacques de Compostelle”. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
20. ^ Daniel Argote ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 11, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 11, 2017. 
21. ↑ Plaque commémorative à Sallespisse ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 11, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 11, 2017. 
22. ↑ Homage to Daniel Argote ( fr ) Sud Ouest . May 3, 2011. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
23. ^ "Ici, personne ne savait qu'il était résistant" ( fr ) Sud Ouest . May 7, 2011. Retrieved December 11, 2017.