Maslacq
| Maslacq | ||
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
| Arrondissement | Pau | |
| Canton | Le Coeur de Bearn | |
| Community association | Lacq-Orthez | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 26 ′ N , 0 ° 42 ′ W | |
| height | 67-197 m | |
| surface | 13.33 km 2 | |
| Residents | 890 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 67 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 64300 | |
| INSEE code | 64367 | |
| Website | www.maslacq.fr/ | |
 Maslacq Town Hall |
||
Maslacq is a French municipality with 890 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the Arrondissement of Pau and the canton of Le Cœur de Béarn (until 2015: canton of Lagor ).
The inhabitants are called Maslacquais and Maslacquaises .
geography
Maslacq is located about 35 km northwest of Pau in the historic province of Béarn .
The place is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
| Sarpourenx | Argagnon | |
|
Castetner Loubieng |
.svg)
|
Mont |
| Sauvelade | Lagor |
Maslacq is located in the catchment area of the Adour River . The Gave de Pau flows together with its tributaries Geü , Ruisseau de Géu Mort and Laâ through the territory of the municipality.
history
The remains of fortified camps from ancient times and the Middle Ages can be seen in the municipality . The place of worship Notre-Dame de Muret dates from the 11th century and is one of the oldest pilgrimage sites for Marian devotion in the Béarn. It is located on a hill above the Gave, which today belongs to the neighboring municipality of Mont. A Benedictine abbey on the pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela was mentioned in the scriptures in 1045. In order to promote the settlement, Roger Bernard III. , Count von Foix , Vice-Count of Castelbon and Viscount of Béarn, and his wife, Marguerite de Béarn, Viscountess of Béarn, converted the village into a so-called castelnau in 1298 . Each resident was assigned a place to build a house and a plot of land for farming. In the Béarn census in 1385, 90 households were counted in Maslacq and it was noted that the settlement belongs to the Bailliage of the Archdeaconate Larbaig of the Diocese of Lescar . Maslacq Castle was originally a lay monastery under the Viscount of Béarn. In the 16th century it belonged to the Abbadie family. In modern times , Maslacq became known for a paper mill that was built by Pierre de Laussat in 1760. She was to become the most prosperous von Béarn and export her paper of the “Fleuret aux trois Ô” brand to Spain and Portugal. In 1856, however, the company was shut down again. In 1767 an earthenware factory was started, the production of which was stopped between 1790 and 1800.
In 1972 Castetner and Loubieng were merged with Maslacq, in 1978 Loubieng regained its independence, and Castetner a year later.
Toponyms and mentions of Maslacq were:
- Maslach (1170, documents from Barcelona , according to Pierre de Marca's book Histoire de Béarn ),
- Marslag (12th century, according to Pierre de Marca's book Histoire de Béarn , pp. 402, 471),
- Maçlag (1249, Oloron notaries, no.4 , sheet 50),
- Mazlag (1286, Gallia Christiana ),
- Maslac en Larbag (1298, documents from the Vicomté Béarn),
- Sanct-Johan de Maslac (1476, notaries from Castetner),
- Maslacq (1750, map by Cassini ),
- Marlac (1793, Notice Communale),
- Maslascq (1801, Bulletin des lois ) and
- Maslacq (1863, Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées).
Population development
From the beginning of the records at the end of the 18th century to the middle of the 19th century, the community grew to a peak of 1000 inhabitants. Then, with short recovery periods, the number decreased to around 550 by the 1930s and grew until the 1960s Years to 875. In the following years there was again stagnation until the turn of the millennium to around 730 inhabitants, before strong growth was recorded as a result.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 848 | 875 | 1,372 | 724 | 738 | 727 | 745 | 776 | 890 |
Attractions
Parish church
Gaston Fébus , Viscount of Béarn, founded the church consecrated to John the Baptist in the 14th century. The floor plan, the polygonal apse and the southern side chapel are remnants of the original structure. In 1569 it was badly damaged during the Huguenot Wars , and partial reconstruction took place at the beginning of the 17th century. The bell tower and probably the north side chapel were built in the second half of the 19th century . Extensive restoration work took place in 1900. The vault was replaced by brick , the walls were plastered and plastered, a new window opening from the west wall of the nave was broken and the floor was concreted. The Bayonn painter Etienne Decrept created oil paintings for the nave and the choir at the same time , but these were given away in the 1960s. A year later, glass windows by the glass painter Pierre Arcencam from Pau were installed and the side chapels and the sacristy were restored. In 1937 the bell tower was finally restored.
The architecture of the church tower is anchored in the local style. His polygonal helmet is surrounded by four ridge turrets with spheres and crosses on top. Covering the roofs with slate emphasizes the local character. The framing of the double sound openings of the bell house with white stones can also be seen in most of the surrounding houses. Only a few elements of the previous building from the 14th century have survived the centuries. Only arched notches can be seen on the lower part of the bell tower as evidence of a time when the church was fortified and destroyed during the Huguenot Wars.
The entrance portal on the side in the form of a pointed arch is framed by stones that are decorated with deep grooves. The right side chapel opens to the nave through an ocher-colored pointed arch. Like the other side chapel, it has a ribbed vault , but this one is made of wood. The choir is simply designed except for three narrow twin windows with glass windows , which are designed with horizontal three-passes .
The north side chapel has an altar made of white marble , which dates from the second half of the 19th century and is dedicated to the Virgin Mary . Its front is decorated with three ogival arcades . The two pilasters in the middle are embellished with gold-colored stylized candelabra . Under the arcades, ornaments related to Mary stand out, in the middle a Marian monogram , on the left stylized irises , on the right roses. The outer corners of the altar substructure are embellished with gilded foliage .
The corresponding altarpiece takes up the style elements of the altar. Above the cafeteria , a tabernacle is integrated into a stepped structure made from the same material as the altar and whose facade shows the same type of gold-colored foliage that contrasts with the white marble. On the top step is a statue of the Virgin Mary, which corresponds to the iconography adopted in the 19th century after the apparitions of Mary in Lourdes . She has folded her hands and is wearing a white coat and dress with a blue belt. The altar with its reredos is first brought to bear by the extreme sobriety of the interior of the church, brought about by its uniformly white walls.
Maslacq Castle
It is the former residence of the Abbadie d'Arboucave family and at the same time the lay monastery mentioned in the 16th century. The current building was rebuilt in the middle of the 18th century. The two-story residential wing is flanked by two side wings. It is made of bright rubble stones with exposed masonry on the main facade, plastered on the other sides. A large triangular gable bearing the family's coat of arms adorns the center of the north main facade. A wide terrace via a staircase with two runs can be reached, leading to the entrance of the castle. The steeply sloping roof is interrupted by dormers . The castle is privately owned and cannot be visited.
A remnant of the Abbadie family residence is a hexagonal tower with an original facade pierced by a door on the ground floor and twin windows on the upper three floors. A thick piece of wall from the former building can be seen on one side of the tower. A spiral staircase in the round interior of the tower with a diameter of three meters leads to the upper floors. The pillars of the main entrance on the north side are decorated with stars and crescent moons. They end at capitals that are embellished with foliage and carry sculptures of fantasy animals that frame a faded coat of arms.
Castetnau Castle
The building, erected in the 18th century, shows that the authenticity of the Béarn architecture has been preserved despite all the influences of the northern regions of France. The use of flat tiles to cover the dormer windows is typical of the Gaves region. The small triangular gables above the skylights interrupt the monotony of the large facade. The stone border around the windows and the front door is reminiscent of the traditional construction of the farmhouses in the region. This castle is also privately owned and cannot be visited.
Economy and Infrastructure
The municipality's economy is based on agriculture, but also benefits from its location in the heart of the Béarn to develop tourism. Maslacq is located in the AOC area of Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally made semi-hard cheese made from sheep's milk.
total = 61
education
Maslacq has a public preschool and elementary school with 62 students in the 2017/2018 school year and a private elementary school "Jeanne d'Arc" with 30 students.
sport and freetime
- The long-distance hiking trail " GR 65" from Geneva to Roncesvalles leads through the municipality. From Le Puy-en-Velay it follows the Via Podiensis , one of the four historic routes of the pilgrims in France .
- A circular route of 15.2 km in length with a difference in altitude of 180 m leads on foot or by bike from the center of the municipality to the Castle de Brassalay in Biron and the heights of Castetner with a view of the Pyrenees .
- Maslacq has a private airfield available to members of the Ailes Béarnaises association .
traffic
Maslacq is crossed by Routes départementales 9 and 275.
The Autoroute A64 , called La Pyrénéenne , also crosses the municipality, but without a direct exit to the village.
Personalities
André Charlier, born on December 25, 1895 in Paris , died on August 8, 1971 in Paris, was a teacher and director of the École des Roches and the author of several works. Originally founded in Verneuil-sur-Avre , the school was relocated to Maslacq in 1940 during World War II due to the approaching German troops. André Charlier joined the school at the same time and became director in 1941. He stayed with the school after moving to Clères in 1950 until he retired in 1962.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Maslacq ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
- ↑ Ma commune: Maslacq ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
- ^ A b Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. P. 109, 1863. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
- ↑ Maslacq - Histoire et patrimoine ( fr ) Maslacq municipality. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
- ↑ a b c Notice Communale Maslacq ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved September 9, 2017.
- ^ David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2006 Commune de Maslacq (64367) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved September 9, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune de Maslacq (64367) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved September 9, 2017.
- ↑ église paroissiale Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved September 9, 2017.
- ^ Conseil regional d'Aquitaine: Clocher-porche de l'église Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
- ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Église Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
- ↑ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Autel de la Vierge de l'église de Maslacq ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
- ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Retable de l'église de Maslacq ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
- ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Château de Maslacq ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
- ↑ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Tour du château de Maslacq ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
- ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Château Castetnau ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité: Rechercher un produit ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved September 9, 2017.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2015 Commune de Maslacq (64367) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved September 9, 2017.
- ^ Pyrénées-Atlantiques (64), Maslacq, écoles ( fr ) National Ministry of Education. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
- ^ Bettina Forst: French Way of St. James. From Le Puy-en-Velay to Roncesvalles. All stages - with variants and height profiles. Bergverlag Rother, Munich (recte: Ottobrunn) 2007, ISBN 978-3-7633-4350-8 ( Rother hiking guide ). P. 160
- ↑ GR® 65, le chemin de Compostelle via le Puy ( fr ) Fédération française de la randonnée pédestre . Retrieved August 28, 2017.
- ↑ Circuit N ° 5 ( fr , PDF) Tourist office of the Coeur de Béarn in Monein and Orthez. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
← Previous location: Arthez-de-Béarn 9.5 km | Maslacq | Next town: Sauvelade 8.1 km →