War nailing

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Hundreds of actions in Austria-Hungary and the German Empire are referred to as war nailing , during which a nail was hammered into a wooden object set up for this purpose during the First World War in exchange for a donation . The phenomenon, which began on a massive scale from 1915, was based on the nailing of the sculpture of a military man in Eisen in Vienna. Other objects were pronounced differently and were as nail figure , Nagelsmann , nail pattern , nails , nail cross , nail column , as well as Iron Michel , military shield or war landmark called.

Large groups of the population took part in public events with a festive character. At the same time, school nailing was carried out in schools with the participation of students . The money raised was used to support war victims , such as the bereaved and wounded . The income in the estimated single-digit million mark was not really decisive for the success of the nailing. Their propaganda effect was far more important, since they addressed the patriotism and the sense of community of the people and thus contributed to strengthening the home front .

Similar nails on a smaller scale existed worldwide in states and regions in which minorities of German origin or German emigrants lived.

In the present, a comparable leisure event is referred to as a competition .

The military man in iron as a war nail from 1915 in Vienna
Heinrich the Lion in Iron from 1915 in Braunschweig

Idea and motivation

Nailed Iron Cross in the Marienkirche Plau am See

The idea of ​​war nails was based on the Stock im Eisen in Vienna . This oldest surviving nail tree, documented in 1533, goes back to a good luck custom in the Danube Monarchy and in Southeast Europe, which has been known since the Middle Ages, which was initially practiced against diseases as a votive offering on the edge of the village, from the 18th century mainly among travelers and travelers. Originally, well-living trees were nailed and possibly left standing after they had died. The first military man in iron was designed according to the model of this monument, which is very present in the consciousness of the Viennese population , the idea for this came from Corvette Captain Theodor Graf Hartig . From there these fundraising spread not only in Austria-Hungary, but also rapidly in the German Empire and other countries.

Through the skillful marketing of the souvenirs of this donation and the urge of people who could not or were not allowed to go to the front with the weapon to contribute to the victory, which resulted from the initial war euphoria, large sums were collected for the benefit of the war widows and orphans. In the course of the war, such actions were intended to increase the perseverance of the citizens. Anyone who did not take part in this fundraising campaign ran the risk of being classified by their fellow citizens as unpatriotic or even traitors to the country.

War nails acted as:

  • Community-building action to cover up cracks in the social fabric and to make the national community visible to the outside world. Other events had a similar function, such as celebrations for the Emperor's birthday in Germany or celebrations for Sedan Day .
  • Patriotic act in which the participants were able to show their confidence in victory, their trust in the political and military leadership and their willingness to make sacrifices. Those involved showed their patriotic sentiments through the act of nailing.
  • Act of power transmission into the wooden base by striking a hammer. The sometimes violent and fervently executed blows could symbolically create the impression that the blows were aimed at the enemy in order to smash him. Such statements include poems written about nailing, such as “So that we smash with a powerful blow. The enemies all around. For emperor and empire. "
  • War landmark that became a fetish with magical meaning. The nailed objects were sometimes ascribed supernatural properties, so that people developed a personal relationship with the nailed objects.
  • Act of self-evocation, since the fatherland could not lose the war if so many people showed their willingness to sacrifice by nailing them in order to achieve victory.
  • Vows of people who were not fighting on the front lines and who wanted to work to achieve victory.
  • Honoring those who died in the war in anticipation of war memorials that had not yet been erected when the nailing came up in 1915.

practice

Municipalities and charitable organizations made figures (knights, soldiers, General Field Marshal von Hindenburg and others) or regional and national symbols such as city coats of arms, iron crosses and pillars made of wood, some German sources mention oak. These figures were often designed and created by well-known artists. Citizens were allowed to drive a nail into this property for a minimum donation. The nails were offered in iron and silver, sometimes gold, at different prices. Some of the nails were also gold-plated or silver-plated, but their material value was always significantly lower than the donation to be made for them. To prove their “patriotic donation”, the donors received pins, certificates or other donation receipts, which were often provided with a serial number, depending on the location and amount of the donation.

A brochure written by the Berlin sculptor Gotthold Riegelmann (1864–1935), The Stock in Iron, Practical Advice for Erecting Simple Nail Wood Paintings with Sketches of Ideas and Cost Calculations (see literature ) with two pages of text and some sketches contains advice:

  • to choose the type of wood - depending on whether the nail monument is completely or only partially enclosed by nails
  • to decide on the dimensions - Riegelmann recommends tall and slim shapes and gives the number of around 30,000 to 40,000 nails per square meter to consider
  • to choose the motifs - Riegelmann considers the iron cross, the German sword, the German oak or even the 42 centimeter bullet to be particularly suitable in addition to heraldic shapes and heraldic animals. Since donors may be reluctant to drive a nail into the figure of someone who is still alive, he advises against such.

At the end of the war, the statues were removed from their mostly prominent locations. Some of them were later reopened to the public.

List of war nails

Austria

Places that are no longer in Austria since the Treaty of St. Germain, see sections below.

Vienna:

  • Inner city:
    • The Wehrmann in Eisen , wooden figure from 1914, was used as the first war nailing on Schwarzenbergplatz from March 8, 1915 to September 1916. It was put up again in 1934 at the office building at Felderstrasse.
    • At the insistence of a student, a scaled-down version of the Wehrmann was made in iron in his father's cabinet maker and nailed down in the Academic Gymnasium .
    • In the Ministry of Commerce on May 20, 1917, the post horn was set up in iron for nailing.
  • Alsergrund : In the Jägerheim , Matthias Hafenrichter’s inn at Sechsschimmelgasse 24, the hunter in iron was set up for nailing. The figure showed a hunter with a rifle and backpack on the prowl. The donations were used to help fallen professional hunters .
  • Favorites : The Favoriten section of the Austrian Fleet Association set up a wooden submarine for nailing in Hippolyt Mannas' inn . The proceeds were supposed to be used for the acquisition of another submarine by the Kriegsmarine .
  • Floridsdorf :
    • A defense shield for nailing was set up on a platform at the north station in Floridsdorf .
    • The Garden Friends Association of New Brazil organized the nailing of the Hötzendorf oak in an inn on November 14, 1915 .
  • Grinzing : An iron vine created by the professor at the Vienna School of Applied Arts and his students was nailed on July 22, 1915.
  • Hetzendorf : At the Rosary Church in Hetzendorf an iron cross was set up to nail.
  • Hietzing : On August 12, 1915, a military man was unveiled in Ferdinand Miloch's restaurant Zum Weißen Engel on the main square in Hietzing .
  • Kaiserebersdorf : In the barracks of the replacement battery of the 46th Landwehr Field Howitzer and Cannon Division, the double-headed eagle in Eisen was nailed for the first time on August 10, 1915 in the presence of Archduke Leopold Salvator and the Minister for National Defense Freiherr von Georgi. The suggestion for this came from the commandant, Captain Viktor Bauer von Schildhaue.
  • Country road :
    • On August 15, 1915, in the ballroom of the municipal district office for the 3rd district of Vienna, the German master was nailed in iron .
    • On October 3, 1915, an iron field howitzer made by members of the kk Landwehr field howitzer division number 13 was unveiled in the covered riding school of the Rennweger barracks . It was designed by the sculptor Alfred Hofmann who volunteered for the war . The proceeds went to the Division's Widows and Orphans Relief Fund.
  • Leopoldstadt :
    • The defense shield of the Artillerist League made by Corporal Moritz Schindler and provided with the emblems of the artillery weapon was set up next to the rotunda . The proceeds were shared equally between the Red Cross , the War Welfare Office and the War Aid Bureau.
    • The ambulance man in Eisen was placed in the barracks by the command of the reserve hospital number 2 stationed in the Archduke Albrecht barracks in Vienna-Leopoldstadt . The unveiling was carried out by Admiral Archduke Karl Stephan.
  • Meidling : On November 20, 1915, a defense shield designed and made by students was nailed up in the Karl Ludwig Gymnasium in Rosasgasse.
  • Penzing : In the Baumgarten casino , an iron military man was nailed for the first time on the occasion of a charity garden party organized by the Kolschitzky humanitarian association . Subsequent nailing was possible in the club's office at 9 Wardrobe in Vienna-Neubau during the office hours.
  • Rodaun : In April 1916 a defense shield was erected on the church square of Rodaun for nailing purposes.
  • Roßau : In a restaurant at Grünentorgasse 18, it was possible to nail a table top from October 12, 1915 .
  • Stammersdorf : Here the defense shield was looked after by the men's choir.
  • Wieden :
    • In December 1915, a defense shield donated by the Wieden district council was set up for nailing in the municipal district chancellery of the 4th district, Schäffergasse 3, on which the coat of arms of the former municipality of Wieden - a willow tree against a landscape background - was depicted. Half of the proceeds went to the widows and orphans relief fund of the entire armed power, the other half went to the war orphans, whose fathers were formerly settled in the 4th district. Corresponding documents and images are now in the permanent exhibition of the Wieden District Museum.
    • The Salzburg Folk and Mountain Costume Conservation and Schuhplattler Association D'Griabinga in Vienna set up a defense shield for nailing in its club room in the Hotel Jägerhorn at 108 Wiedner Hauptstrasse .
    • At the end of August 1915, a defense shield with the coat of arms of the city of Vienna was nailed on in the garden of the Zum golden Hechten inn in Waaggasse . It is unclear whether the Wehrschild locations mentioned here are identical.
  • exact location unknown: On the occasion of a war exhibition, a submarine donated by Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, the owner of the Krupp works in Essen, was nailed up. Archduke Franz Salvator drove the first nail on behalf of Emperor Franz Joseph I.

Other places:

  • Alberndorf in the Riedmark : Defense shield 1915, on the south side of the parish church;
  • Amstetten : The Iron Wehrmann was unveiled on June 20, 1915.
  • Baden (Lower Austria) : In 1917 an iron military man was set up in the Baden spa gardens for a fundraising campaign . The wooden figure in question was carved by a Russian prisoner of war. Today it is in the Rollett Museum in Baden .
  • Bad Ischl : On the grounds of the Adria War Hospice, a defense shield with the coat of arms of the Adria War Hospice was nailed up in favor of war-sick people from Ischl.
Bear von Berndorf in his cave
  • Berndorf : The heraldic bear put up by Arthur Krupp was completely nailed within three weeks.
  • Dorfgastein : Here a defense shield was used to collect donations.
Iron edelweiss defense shield from 1915 commissioned by the city of Enns .
  • Enns : On November 21, 1915, the first nailing of an iron edelweiss took place by the 2nd State Rifle Regiment. The defense shield was created by Adolph Johannes Fischer . Today in the Tyrolean Kaiserschützenmuseum
  • Ernstbrunn : A defense shield with the municipal coat of arms was erected and nailed down in the municipality meeting room in December 1915.
  • Feldbach : the Landsturmmann in the Tabormuseum
  • Feldkirch : On October 22, 1916, Archduke Leopold Salvator drove the first nail into the defense shield erected in Marktgasse . The design comes from Florus Scheel and was made by the master carpenter Schobel. Today it is in the city council chamber.
  • Gmunden : The artist Anton Gerhart created the Iron Wehrmann von Gmunden in Upper Austria in 1915.
  • Graz : In Graz there were two soldiers in Eisen:
    • The Styrian Landsturmmann in Eisen 1915 was designed by Professor Klemens Flömmel , modeled by the sculptor Oskar Stollberg and carved by Hans and Peter Neuböck . The Wehrmann donated by the Graz Autumn Fair Association has been missing since the end of the First World War.
    • On the initiative of officers of Infantry Regiment No. 27 "Leopold II, King of the Belgians", a military man created by the sculptor Wilhelm Gösser was unveiled on August 15, 1916 in the Dominican barracks in Graz. This figure can be seen today in the Graz Garrison Museum on the Grazer Schloßberg.
  • Hall in Tirol : An iron defense shield in favor of the support of widows and orphans of fallen soldiers of the 14th Landwehr Regiment.
  • Innsbruck : The Iron Wehrmann had the name Iron Flower Devil here . The soldier figure was carved from stone pine by the sculptor Johann Heinrich based on a design by Albin Egger-Lienz and set up in Maria-Theresienstraße. Today it is on the Bergisel in the Tyrolean Kaiserjägermuseum .
  • Kaumberg : A defense shield carved from limewood by station master Franz Winter was nailed up.
  • Klosterneuburg : On the occasion of the unveiling of the defense shield there in the presence of Archduke Leopold Salvator, the Austrian, German and Turkish anthems were played.
  • Königstetten : To celebrate the birthday of Emperor Franz Joseph I , a defense shield was unveiled and nailed up in August 1915 .
  • Korneuburg: On August 15, 1915, Archduke Leopold Salvator inaugurated the iron military man (in armor). Today it is in the city museum.
  • Krems an der Donau : Under the protectorate of the commander of the bridgehead Field Marshal Franz Hauninger, the defense shield with the city coat of arms (design: architect and academic painter Gustav Bamberger ) and the defense arm were nailed for the first time at the end of June 1915.
  • Kritzendorf : In Kritzendorf an der Donau , a mosaic of over 30,000 stones was made to decorate the church tower . This showed the Austrian imperial crown, the double-headed eagle with crossed swords, the German imperial eagle, a church cross and the slogan: "God for honor - the fatherland for defense - for our army" and "1914 - 1916". The price for the pebbles was between two crowns and twenty hellers.
  • Leoben : A defense shield in Eisen was erected in November 1915 by the reserve battalion of Landwehr Infantry Regiment number 4 for nailing purposes.
  • Linz : The academic sculptor Adolph Wagner created the Iron Wehrmann in exchange for material costs . Professor Moritz Balzarek built the pavilion that covered the Wehrmann, which was unveiled on May 26, 1915. The fundraiser brought in 46,550 crowns. Today the Iron Wehrmann can be seen in Ebelsberg Castle
  • Marchtrenk : A table made by a Russian prisoner of war and decorated with carvings by a corporal from Trieste encouraged the willingness to donate. The iron table is on display in the water tower of the former prisoner of war camp .
  • Mödling : The iron mortar , the wooden replica of a 30.5 cm Skoda mortar unveiled by Archduke Leopold Salvator and his wife Archduchess Blanka on August 22, 1915, traveled to the Mödling district to give the population the opportunity to make donations in the larger towns .
  • Mürzzuschlag : On August 6, 1915, the Flugrad-Wehrschild in favor of the kk Austrian military widows and orphans fund and those railway workers Mürzzuschlag, who got into dire straits due to the war, was unveiled at the train station of Mürzzuschlag .
  • Poysdorf : The sculptor Franz Zelezny was commissioned to make a defense shield with the market coat of arms , which can be seen today in the city ​​museum .
  • Reutte : A war charity card with the inscription Wehrmann Wappensäule Reutte also indicates donation collections in the spirit of the Iron Wehrmann .
  • Ried im Innkreis : In the Old Catholic Church of Ried there is a defense shield in the form of an iron cross with black, white and yellow nails on the choir .
  • Salzburg : Emperor Charlemagne was put to the service of the cause here on the Alter Markt. Today the figure created by Professor Anton Aichler is in the Hohensalzburg Fortress at the entrance to the Rainer Museum .
  • St. Georgen im Attergau : In Attergaustraße there is still a list of the listed objects in | landmarked defense shield (St. Georgen im Attergau) .
  • St. Johann in Tirol : The soldier in iron was designed in the form of a knight with a helmet, shield and sword and stood in a guard house. The figure is no longer preserved today.
  • St. Pölten : In the presence of Archduke Leopold Salvator of Austria-Tuscany , Princess Auerperg-Bräuner and Princess Lobkowitz-Palffy, the military man was nailed for the first time. At the end of the event, the Archduke took over the parade of the troops of the Austro-Hungarian Army and pupils of the lower secondary school.
  • Stockerau : The Iron Horse Empire was unveiled on September 8, 1916. A gnarled oak trunk bore warlike emblems at the foot and was crowned by a rider's helmet. This cavalry empire was set up by the reserve officer school. A mosaic was also made according to the design by Leopold Forstner , with the inscription Glorious Heroes for Eternal Honor. Widows and orphans in need of defense . This is currently (2016) in the hospital chapel.
In Stockerau the collection was carried out in the form of a mosaic

Germany

Places that are no longer in Germany, see sections below.

  • Aachen : A Rolands figure designed by Carl Burger in the rotunda of the Elisenbrunnen , first nailed on September 26, 1915
  • Abensberg : Iron Cross
  • Achim : An iron cross that was nailed for the first time on October 10, 1915.
  • Aerzen : Iron Cross , which was nailed for the first time on January 27, 1918
  • Altena : De eyserne Töeger was donated by Arnold Künne and the Hechtenberg brothers and created by Fritz Künne.
  • Alt Jabel : Iron Cross
  • Alveslohe : An iron cross was nailed for the first time on October 17, 1915
  • Amberg: A Bulgarian Red Cross was nailed here.
  • Arnsberg : Aar of iron .
  • Aschaffenburg : A military man in Eisen was nailed for the first time on September 12, 1915.
  • Aschendorf : Here pupils from the local rectorate school made a large war map for nailing. The Ems-Zeitung reported on this on September 7, 1915: “So that the willingness to give with the increased expenditure to alleviate the war hardship due to the support of needy warrior families and especially the survivors of fallen warriors does not weaken, statues are 'nailed' everywhere. In order to help steer the multiple hardships, not least in Aschendorf, the rectorate students decided to 'nail a larger war map' in the school hallway. The card is attached to cardboard and wooden board. The nailing is 'rated' according to the importance of the places, which 'emerges' with nails of different metal and different sizes. The price of the nails is between 50 d and 3 M, but the upper limit may be exceeded. The students are now happily ready to 'nail' their savings, or what is more effective, to get 'nails' from their relatives and good friends. All friends and patrons of the students may then 'watch' this youthful zeal and support it to their hearts' content. The names of the donors are added to the school history with the consecutive number of the nails and the proceeds are given to the local church poor relief. "
  • Augsburg : The defense column was nailed for the first time on July 2, 1916. The column, which stood on the fish market from 1916 to 1945, was designed by city planning officer Otto Holzer. On the occasion of the unveiling, Hans Nagel composed the prologue for the unveiling of the defense column and Wiltrud Duchess von Urach donated a nail.
  • Babenhausen : lion with heraldic shield .
  • Bad Bramstedt : The necessary decisions to erect a nail figure were made between September 1915 and July 1916 and money was also made available for the expenses. It is not certain whether the project was carried out.
  • Bad Doberan : Iron Cross
  • Bad Harzburg : An iron cross that was nailed for the first time either on August 11th or 17th, 1915.
  • Bad Homburg vor der Höhe : Saint Michael : "Saint Michael in iron from a sketch by His Majesty the Emperor and King designed and executed by the sculptor Waldemar Fenn in Frankfurt am Main"
  • Bad Königshofen im Grabfeld : A coat of arms was nailed up in 1916.
  • Bad Nenndorf : A sign in the form of an ivy-covered tree trunk was nailed for the first time in August 1916.
  • Bad Pyrmont : The Archangel Michael was nailed for the first time on May 21, 1915.
  • Bad Reichenhall : An iron cross or a Christian cross was nailed for the first time in December 1915.
  • Bad Tölz : An eagle with Justitia and a flaming sword was nailed for the first time on July 2, 1916.
  • Badbergen : An iron eagle was nailed for the first time on September 2, 1915.
  • Bardowiek : An iron cross was nailed for the first time on December 5, 1915.
  • Barsinghausen : The city ​​arms were nailed for the first time on July 2, 1916.
  • Bassum : An iron cross was nailed for the first time on December 12, 1915.
  • Bayreuth : An iron sword (Nothung) was designed by Hans Schmitz and nailed for the first time on May 28, 1916.
  • Behrendorf : There was nailing in a girls' school here.
  • Berchtesgaden : an iron cross
The iron Hindenburg in Tiergarten
  • Berlin
    • Charlottenburg : A round defense shield with a lion motif with a diameter of 71 centimeters and approx. 6000 nails bears the inscription on the back: "Thanks to young people for war victims, EV, Charlottenburg"
    • Halensee : Installation of a Hindenburg sign on the terraces at Halensee. Nailing daily.
    • Lichtenberg : Installation of the German sword on Möllendorffstrasse / corner of Parkaue.
    • Groß-Lichterfelde : memorial plaque for the fallen teacher Fritz Meyer .
    • Neukölln : Unveiling of the Iron Man , a figure of a knight, on the Herzbergplatz on the day of the inauguration of the Iron Hindenburg.
    • Schöneberg : In September 1915, an iron door for nailing was set up on the Bayrischer Platz in Schöneberg .
    • Tiergarten : Installation of the Iron Hindenburg on Königsplatz on the south side of the Victory Column.
  • Bielefeld : Iron Wehrmann
  • Bleckede : An iron cross was nailed for the first time on October 24, 1915.
  • Blexen : According to a note in the news for town and country dated October 1, 1915, an iron Hindenburg was “happily nailed”.
  • Bochum : The figure of a blacksmith was made by the sculptor Bürgerlin from Munich.
  • Boffzen : Defense shield
  • Boitzenburg : Iron cross on the church door
  • Bonn :
    • The Arndt oak was designed by the sculptor Wilhelm Menser and stood on the Münsterplatz.
    • A Hindenburg sword was set up for nailing in the municipal advanced training school . It should be kept in the school's ballroom as a permanent memory.
  • Bramsche : a rose
Roland in Brandenburg on the Havel
  • Brandenburg an der Havel : The nail Roland was located in front of the old town hall and was nailed for the first time on October 17, 1915.
Henry the Lion in Iron in front of the Brunswick Castle
  • Braunschweig: The Iron Heinrich , a statue of Henry the Lion, was nailed on the square in front of the Braunschweig Castle from December 5, 1915. Today it is in the Landesmuseum Braunschweig .
  • Bremen : On July 15, 1915, the Iron Roland , a statue of Roland , was erected in front of the town hall . It was a Roland statue into which every citizen could drive an iron nail for 10 pfennigs each. There was also a donation certificate.
  • Bremerhaven :
    • The war pillar was nailed up in the 2nd half of September 1915.
    • Lehe : an iron cross
  • Bremervörde : A German warrior was nailed from October 31, 1915.
  • Brinkum An iron cross was nailed on from March 26, 1916.
  • Brüel : Iron Cross
  • Bützow : the city ​​arms
  • Celle : two defense shields , today in the garrison museum
  • Cham : an iron cross
  • Clausthal : a nail table
  • Cuxhaven : Iron crosses were nailed up before November 11, 1915.
  • Darmstadt : Iron Cross
  • Delmenhorst : The city ​​arms were nailed for the first time on May 14, 1916. Today (2016) it is located in the City Museum department of the Northwest German Museum for Industrial Culture on the former site of the Nordwolle
  • Diepholz : An iron book was nailed up from June 1916.
  • Dockenhuden : In Dockenhudener Park a bench with the coat of arms of Schleswig-Holstein and a slogan for nailing was set up.
  • Dömitz : Iron Cross
  • Donaueschningen : table top and shield with city arms
  • Dorstadt : A sign with an iron cross was nailed on from February 27, 1916.
Reinoldus figure in Dortmund
Isern guy in Emden
  • Emden: Nail figure De Isdern Keerl van Emden in the form of a knight based on facial features of frigate captain Karl von Müller , the commander of the small cruiser SMS Emden . Design by Liebsch, installed in 1915.
  • Erfurt : Iron Landsturmmann
  • Erkelenz district : Iron coat of arms . 1915, sculptor Peter Tillmanns . Whereabouts unknown.
  • Essen : The nail figure Schmied von Essen by the Berlin sculptor Ludwig Nick (1873–1936) was installed in 1915 in a pavilion designed by the Essen architect Edmund Körner on the station forecourt.
  • Fischbeck : Iron Cross
  • Flensburg : War pillar, nailed during the 1916 "German War Exhibition for the Nordmark" in the Auguste Viktoria School in Flensburg.
  • Frankfurt am Main : An iron eagle , which was made according to a design by the sculptor Carl Stock , was nailed up to help prisoners of war Germans.
  • Frankfurt (Oder) :
    • A picture postcard shows an iron soldier holding a sword and shield with the Frankfurt coat of arms ready for battle. The base bears the inscription: "In dust with all enemies of Brandenburg". A text in small print indicates “ Bruno May , Stuttgart”, who was the creator of the figure. The inauguration took place on January 28, 1916.
    • In the Viadrina Museum there is a nail plate with the image of a soldier and an iron cross with "Peace" written on it.
  • Freiburg im Breisgau : A nail tree was set up at the Schwabentor . The prices for the nails were between one mark (iron nail) and ten marks (gold-plated nail). The donor received a certificate confirming that a nail had been driven in in honor of Germany.
  • Frensdorf : An iron cross was planned, but it is not known whether it will be realized.
  • Furth in the forest : Iron Cross . It is uncommented in the Heimatmuseum, the Landestormuseum , which is housed in the city tower, and can be viewed there.
  • Geislingen an der Steige : an Eiserner Helfensteiner
  • Görlitz : An iron military man was created by the wood sculptor Riediger.
  • Görries near Schwerin: Iron Cross
  • Goslar : On August 1, 1915, the first nailing took place in Lower Saxony with the nailing of shields of honor.
  • Grabow : iron cross and defense shield with slogan
  • Grevesmühlen : nailing of the church door
  • Groß Bartensleben : Cross of nails with the corresponding list of donors from June 10, 1916.
  • Gütersloh : An eagle defending the German flag on a column, the oak wreath of the column being nailed on from October 21, 1915. The design comes from the architect Viemann.
  • Hagen :
    • An iron military man in the form of a blacksmith, which was set up on November 28, 1915; the figure is a creation by Friedrich Bagdons . After the war, the blacksmith was brought from the town hall forecourt to the town hall. On January 29, 1934 he came back to the town hall and after the end of World War II he came to the municipal building yard. The next stop was the entrance area of ​​the Museum of City and Local History. In 1998 the blacksmith was brought to the city museum in Eilpe. After the First World War, a foundation called the iron smith of Hagen remained active, which looked after war orphans and the bereaved of those who died.
    • Hasp : This nail figure (nail door) dates from 1916. A relief with the circulating text underlaid in gold “Be an anvil when fate's blows, otherwise you shall stir yourself like a hammer” and the dates 1914–1916. The relief shows the coat of arms of Haspe (anvil and hammer) and the coat of arms of the German Empire in front of crossed swords. This symbol is on display in the Heubing secondary school.
  • Halberstadt : A memorial card has also an Iron Wehrmann out
The Iron Michel in Hamburg, nail picture from the Illustrirten Zeitung 1916
  • Hamburg : based on the current Hamburg city area, a total of 37 war symbols for nailing plus 5 school nailing
    • On the anniversary of the mobilization on August 2, 1915, the Iron Michel was unveiled on Jungfernstieg . The proceeds from the nailing went in equal parts to aid for German prisoners of war and to the Hamburg War Aid , the wooden figure was made of thousand-year-old Cameroon pear wood and was created by the sculptor Anton Kling .
    • Altona The Isern Hinnerk was nailed for the first time on July 7, 1915 and is now in the Altona Museum.
    • Harburg An iron rifle bird was nailed from September 2nd, 1915.
  • Hameln :
    • A shield with a coat of arms , nailed on from September 2, 1915
    • An iron eagle of the upper tertia of the Heinrich-Hertz-Gymnasium was nailed for Christmas 1915.
    • Honor plate for Hindenburg , nailed up from July 1, 1917
  • Hamm : Here the war nailing took place on the market square in front of the Pauluskirche. There the Iron Count , an embodiment of the city's founder, was set up in a pavilion. The figure replaced the Germania, which was set up on the occasion of the establishment of the empire. The design, which can be seen today in the Gustav Lübcke Museum, and the wooden sculpture came from the German Jewish artist Leopold Fleischhacker . The work of art was popularly known as Nagelgraf . After it was moved to the town house in 1925, the figure was initially lost in the bombing war and was only recovered from the rubble years after the war.
  • Hannoversch Münden : An iron cross was nailed on from November 7, 1915.
  • Hanover : A total of 10 symbols of war to nail down. The Sachsenross was nailed from August 15, 1915.
    • A Roland was set up at Hildesheimer Strasse 27 and nailed from March 5, 1916. The figure was donated by the innkeeper Heinrich Bleitner and the sculptor H. Klawe.
    • A table was nailed up in the Gasthaus zum Bahnhof (Hanover-Hainholz).
    • A field cannon was nailed from the end of August 1915.
    • Another field cannon was nailed from April 1916.
    • A shooting target was nailed up in May 1916 by the shooting association of the Southeast Heidorn citizens' association.
  • Haste (Osnabrück) : An iron cross was nailed up on November 28, 1915.
  • Heidelberg :
    • The combination of the Iron Cross and the Iron Book comes from Heidelberg . After the donors had driven their nails into the Iron Cross, they were allowed to enter themselves in the Iron Book. Since these two symbols were presented to the public in front of numerous guests of honor on June 26, 1915, around 15,000 people signed the Iron Book by July 1917. About 20,000 nails were nailed into the Iron Cross and donated 28,498.40 marks to the local Red Cross. Eugen von Jagemann has entered himself most frequently in the Iron Book . He was chairman of the district committee of the Red Cross and took every success of the German army as an opportunity to drive a nail into the Iron Cross. It began on August 18 (conquest of Kovno ) and ended on March 4, 1916 (homecoming of the auxiliary cruiser SMS Möve ).
    • Rohrach : a coat of arms
  • Heilbronn : a knight Eisenhart , nailed from May 12, 1915 to early 1916. Queen Charlotte personally struck the first nail (with royal coat of arms) in the knight's forehead. Burned in 1944.
  • Heinsberg : Iron Johann . Ironwood figure. Summer 1916, sculptor Heinrich Joseph Koulen
  • Courtyard : city ​​arms as a nail image
  • Hohen Sprenz : Iron Cross
  • Holzkirchen (Bavaria): A defense shield donated by the Holzkirchen Liedertafel was nailed on from December 18, 1915.
  • Holzminden : An iron cross was nailed on from December 19, 1915.
  • Holzwickede : A coat of arms plate made of oak with a diameter of 1.4 m was nailed on from January 30th to Easter 1916 and generated a donation of approx. 3500 marks (today's value in euros: around 8,478). The panel was made in the Holzwickeder joinery W. Garre by the draftsman and cabinet maker Broll.
  • Honnef : Call of the city council for nailing in the spa garden on August 11, 1915
  • Ingolstadt : lion on a pillar
  • Itzehoe : In December 1915, a figure of Charlemagne, designed by Professor Schwindrazheim and created by the sculptor Behrmann, was set up for nailing in Itzehoe.
  • Jüterbog : A nail figure around 2.6 meters tall with the appearance of Saint Mauritius and the facial features of Hindenburg was created by Karl Kiesche, set up in the schoolyard of the Schiller School and nailed on from October 21, 1915.
  • Kassel :
    • an obelisk
    • In the courtyard of the town hall was on Sedan Day recreates a althessischen first Zaitenstocks (Fountain Stock) nailed.
The defense shield on the Fünfknopfturm in Kaufbeuren
  • Kaufbeuren : In 1917, a large-format war landmark with the coats of arms of the Central Powers was attached to the city's landmark, the five-button tower , which was studded with nails of different sizes.
  • Kiel :
    • A lion , which was designed by the Essen architect Edmund Körner, was nailed up in the girls' middle school.
    • A submarine was nailed from September 22, 1915.
  • Kirchgellersen : A cross was nailed on from December 5, 1915.
  • Klein Bartensleben : Cross of nails made of oak (Iron Cross)
  • Kleve : The Iron Man , a sculpture by the Kleve sculptor Joseph Brüx, was nailed up in 1916.
  • Cologne: Dä kölsche Boor en Iser can still be seen in the Cologne City Museum today. The Austrian sculptor Wolfgang Wallner designed and executed it . As a donation incentive, there were pins with the portrait of the Cologne farmer. The design for this comes from Hermeling.
  • Kornwestheim : The town hall door in the town hall tower Kornwestheim was nailed up
  • Klütz : Iron Cross
  • Königswinter : Siegfried the Dragon Slayer , wooden sculpture by Franz Josef Krings . Erected October 3, 1915.
  • Krefeld : A sculpture Saint George was designed by Helene von Beckerath and nailed from 1915 on the east wall opposite the Hotel Krefelder Hof . In 1930 it was installed in what is now the Burg Linn Museum Center. The money collected was used to support widows and orphans of the fallen and to erect a memorial for the fallen Krefelders.
  • Kröpelin : Iron Cross
  • Kühlungsborn , formerly Arendsee: Iron Cross
  • Lamspringe : An iron cross was nailed up on October 24, 1915.
  • Landau : Feldgrauer
  • Landshut : The town hall door was nailed with an iron cross .
  • Lauenförde : A defense shield was nailed up from October 31, 1917.
  • Leer : An iron cross was nailed up on October 22, 1915.
Man in iron in Leipzig
  • Leipzig: On July 17, 1915, the statue of the military man in iron created by Mathieu Molitor was placed on the Naschmarkt .
  • Lindau (Bodensee) : In 1916 the picture of a ship was nailed up.
  • Lingen : The city ​​coat of arms was nailed with an iron cross from January 1, 1916.
  • Lübeck : eagle
  • Lübenheen : Iron Cross
  • Lübz : Iron Cross
  • Ludwigslust : Iron Cross
  • Lüneburg : The iron Hermann Billung was set up for nailing.
  • Magdeburg :
    • An eagle was nailed for the best of youth thanks for war invalids by the youth department of the German Association of Private Officials in Magdeburg.
    • A Roland was designed by Rudolf Bosselt in 1915 , manufactured in the workshop of Hermann Koch & Sohn, but not nailed down. It was originally set up in the arts and crafts school, then in the cultural history museum. From Easter 1933 until December 1940 he was at the town hall. Since it was weathered, it was then transferred to the municipal building yard. It is said to have been used as fuel in the winter of 1945/1946.
  • Mainz : erection of the seven-meter-high nail column , on July 1, 1916 the monument was inaugurated in a pompous celebration. Crowned with an iron cross and the slogan “In need of war, God help us” and made of oak trunks and three surrounding stone pillars. On August 20, 1916, the pillar was nailed with more than 100,000 metal nails and brought in a total of 170,000 marks
  • Malchin : Iron Cross
Nail book , in which donors of a nail campaign in Mannheim in 1916 were allowed to register.
Nail figure Roland with Mannheim city ​​arms
  • Mannheim :
    • A Roland with a shield was created by the Mannheim sculptor Hermann Taglang and nailed down from 1915.
    • An iron cross was nailed in the ballroom in the palace garden from 1916.
  • Marburg : On September 3, 1916, a nail in the form of a column was inaugurated on the market square in front of the town hall. By 1919, almost 3,500 marks were raised for war welfare. In the summer of 1919 the memorial was moved to the student park, where the sandstone plinth is still to this day. The municipal files on the memorial end in 1926, the whereabouts of the memorial are unclear.
  • Meldorf : The nailed Wulf Isebrand is now on display in the Dithmarschen Landesmuseum .
  • Melle : A field gray soldier was nailed from November 14, 1915.
  • Mindelheim : wooden bell
  • Memmingen : Coat of arms nailing, built into the wall paneling on both sides of a picture window in the council chamber of the Memmingen town hall (start of honor nailing on May 12, 1918)
  • Merseburg : The legendary figure of a raven with a ring was nailed up in 1915.
  • Mölln : Iron Cross , around 1995 it was in the former coal cellar of St. Nicolai Church
  • Munster : A beehive was nailed on from March 5, 1916.
  • Münster : The figure of a young German was placed on the Prinzipalmarkt on September 2, 1915.
  • Neuburg an der Donau : A sculpture of Crown Prince Rupprecht , the winner of the Battle of Lorraine, was nailed up.
  • Neuhaus an der Elbe : An iron cross was nailed on from October 17, 1915.
  • Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz : A wooden statue of the legendary city ​​hero Veit Jung is nailed up from April 1916.
  • Neustadt am Rübenberge : An iron cross was nailed to a table top from December 19, 1915.
  • Neustadt an der Haardt : The city ​​coat of arms was nailed on from 1915.
  • Niedermarschacht : An iron cross was nailed on from November 21, 1915.
  • Nienburg : A defense shield with a helmet was nailed up from August 1916.
Nailed Maltese cross from Nörvenich
  • Nörvenich A Maltese cross was nailed on because the castle owner was a member of the Order of Malta. (Very well preserved in 2009)
  • Nuremberg : Iron Cross
  • Offenbach am Main :
    • Iron Man , solemnly unveiled and nailed on October 3, 1915. The wooden figure represented Götz von Berlichingen, the design came from the sculptor Ernst Unger .
    • The 2nd Replacement Company of the 1st Replacement Battalion of the 168th Infantry Regiment nailed an Iron Cross in favor of the bereaved families of Hesse .
  • Ohrdruf : A Michael , was nailed at the town hall on July 30, 1916.
Picture postcard "Isern Hinnerk", Oldenburg 1915
  • Oldenburg : Isern Hinnerk (Iron Heinrich) , the wooden figure of a knight in armor, designed by Bernhard Winter , erected on September 5, 1915 at the Lambertikirche, proceeds for the benefit of the disabled. It is now in the city museum.
  • Osnabrück : The Iron Man , created by the sculptor Heinrich Wulfertange on the occasion of a “national gift” campaign that ran across the entire German Empire, represents Charlemagne and has stood in the vestibule of Osnabrück's town hall from September 26, 1915 to 1919 since he was nailed . When the figure was damaged and the silver-plated and gold-plated nails stolen, the figure was put down and forgotten until years later it was rediscovered, restored and found a new place in the stairwell of the town hall of Wallenhorst .
  • Otterndorf : The city ​​coat of arms was nailed on from October 31, 1915.
  • Parchim : Iron hero , with a shield adorned with a portrait of Hindenburg. Unveiled on December 12, 1915 in front of the town hall gable on the Alter Markt, later installed on the so-called Hindenburgplatz on the Ziegendorfer Chaussee. The wooden figure was already in the town hall's collection in 1920.
  • Peine : A column with an owl was nailed on from May 7, 1916.
  • Penzlin : Iron Cross
  • Plau am See : Iron Cross in the Marienkirche; The proceeds of around 800 marks went to the Red Cross for war invalids.
  • Potsdam : An iron cross was nailed to the Brandenburg Gate.
  • Prenzlau : A Roland created by the Prenzlau carver Poggendorf was nailed on the Obermarkt from September 16. Later installation sites were the corridor of the town hall (until 1932) and then the new building of the city school I in the Klosterstrasse. His further fate is unknown.
  • Quakenbrück : The Iron Burgmann , which Clemens Freiherr von Schorlemer-Vehr gave to the city of Quakenbrück on May 29, 1916 and whose nailing was supposed to raise money for the burdens of war. The statue in the conference room of the Quakenbrücker town hall is made of French poplar and represents a castle man from the 13th / 14th centuries. Century in chain armor with shield and sword . It was created by Johann Siemer and Paul Ehrig, two soldiers from von Schorlemer's battalion .
  • Recklinghausen : miner's column
Ratisbona (Regensburg)
  • Regensburg : The female sculpture of the Ratisbona adorned with laurel wreaths , at the time placed in a temple specially built on the town hall square , called the Iron Ratisbona , was nailed on from August 1st, 1915. The figure is exhibited today in the House of Bavarian History: Museum .
  • Rehna : Defense shield
  • Ribnitz : city ​​seal
  • Rinteln : An iron cross was nailed up on October 24, 1915.
  • Rosenheim : City coat of arms (rose), at the Mittertor
  • Rostock : Griffin
  • Saarbrücken : Iron Knight , erected in 1915 at the Ursuline School, today exhibited in the Saar History Museum .
  • Sarstedt : An oak trunk was nailed from October 3, 1915.
  • Schleswig : An Isern Hinnerk was nailed on August 15, 1915, today in the Schleswig City Museum .
  • Schneeren : A machine gun was nailed from January 1, 1916.
  • Schongau : An iron coat of arms was nailed on from October 29, 1916.
  • Schöningen : An iron cross on a Christian cross was nailed on from September 19, 1915.
  • Schöppenstedt- Eitzum: An iron cross was nailed on from December 12, 1915.
  • Schüttorf : An iron cross was nailed on November 28, 1915.
  • Schwäbisch Gmünd : The figure of Hans Rauchbein , a mayor in the 16th century, was nailed up.
  • Schwanefeld : Iron cross made of oak, only 50% of the pre-drilled holes nailed.
  • Schwerin :
    • The door of the cathedral was nailed up.
    • An iron cross was nailed to the artillery barracks.
  • Seesen : Entangled hands were nailed from January 27, 1916.
  • Seyboldsdorf : The Bavarian Military Merit Cross was nailed down in 1916. Today it is located in the entrance hall of the parish church of St. John.
  • Sittensen : Iron Cross
  • Soltau : The city ​​coat of arms was nailed on from October 24, 1915.
  • Sottrum at Holle : a saint George
  • St. Wendel : The brave Wendel , a shield (approx. 100 × 70 cm) with an iron cross and city coat of arms. Erected November 28, 1915.
  • Stade : Eiserner Goeben , a wooden figure from 1915, named after General August Karl von Goeben (1816–1880), who was born in Stade , is now kept by the Schwedenspeicher Museum in Stade.
  • Stadthagen : The city ​​coat of arms was nailed on from January 27, 1916.
  • Stadtoldendorf : The city ​​coat of arms was nailed on from November 28, 1915.
  • Stolzenau : An iron cross was nailed up on January 27, 1917.
  • Stolzenau : A memorial plaque was nailed up in March 1916.
  • Stuttgart : A total of four symbols of war to nail down:
  • Sylt : A submarine
  • Teterow : Iron Cross
  • Torgau : A Mackensen column was nailed up in 1915. It was named after August von Mackensen , who attended high school here for six years.
  • Trossingen: Door to the historic meeting room in the town hall, nailed in 1916, richly carved, nailed with the imperial eagle, among other things. The nail list is kept in the Auberlehaus Museum in Trossingen
  • Twistringen : An oak panel with Sachsenross was nailed on from July 16, 1916.
  • Uchte : An iron cross was nailed up from November 1916.
  • Uelzen : A defense shield was nailed up from January 1916.
  • Ulm : Iron Cross
  • Vechta : A nail bar was nailed from April 1916.
  • Vellahn : A Roland with a shield was nailed up from September 1915.
  • Verden an der Aller : A book was nailed up from November 8, 1915.
  • Vienenburg : A badge of honor was nailed up from October 3, 1915.
  • Vierzehnheiligen : Iron Cross
  • Vilsen : An iron cross was nailed up on September 18, 1915.
  • Völpke : An iron cross was nailed on from March 19, 1916.
  • Volmarstein : landmark of war
  • Walsrode : The city ​​coat of arms was nailed on from August 20, 1916.
  • Warin : city ​​arms
  • Wasserburg am Inn : City lion on the town hall door, designed by the architect Maximilian Ritter von Mann , first nailing after a patriotic celebration on December 12, 1915
  • Weener : An Isern Hinnerk bi de Kark was nailed up in early autumn 1915.
  • Weißenfels : Castle
  • Wellingsbüttel : war bomb (?)
  • Wiedensahl : An oak panel was nailed on from January 31, 1917.
  • Wiesbaden : A Siegfried figure made of linden wood was nailed on from September 26, 1915 (Eiserner Siegfried) .
  • Wilhelmshaven :
  • Winsen an der Luhe : An iron cross was nailed on from October 3, 1915.
  • Wismar : city seal
  • Wittingen : The city ​​coat of arms with horseshoes was nailed on from February 27, 1916.
  • Wokern : Iron Cross
  • Wörth an der Donau : The simply painted city ​​coat of arms on a wooden panel; including a laurel branch and an iron cross . It was nailed from 1916.
  • Wunstorf : Iron Cross
  • Würzburg : A German Michel designed by the sculptor Arthur Schlegelmünig (1863–1956) was nailed down in 1916.
  • Zasenbeck : It was decided to nail an iron cross at the end of January 1916. It is not known whether the project was carried out.
  • Zweibrücken : coat of arms
  • Zwickau : Nail figure of Field Marshal Hindenburg in the form of a military man , designed by Carl Beyer

Gerhard Schneider mentions in his book In Eiserner Zeit. War symbols in the First World War. A catalog. several large and small German cities in which deliberately no war symbols were set up to nail down. These include Bochold , Duisburg , Fulda , Gießen , Göttingen , Helmstedt , Hildesheim , Kaiserslautern , Karlsruhe , Konstanz , Munich , Passau , Solingen , Tübingen , Weimar , Worms and others. a. Some of them gave him reasons in his survey.

On ships:

Argentina

  • Buenos Aires : From a carver from Tyrol was Iron Man made. The donations went to the Red Cross in Germany and Austria. But German seafarers and stewards were also supported by passenger ships that were no longer employed by Allied ships. They were quartered on the Hapag steamer Granada.

Belgium

then German Empire:

  • Eupen : city ​​arms

in occupied Belgium:

Bulgaria

  • Sofia : The Viennese Bulgarian consul Stiaßny offered the city of Sofia the dedication of a military man statue . The mayor accepted the gift with thanks. It is not known whether the military man was actually set up.

Denmark

then German Empire:

France

in the realm of Alsace-Lorraine , then part of the German Empire:

in occupied France:

Italy

Oswald von Selva in the Val Gardena Museum , wooden statue by Johann Baptist Moroder
Madonna and Child by Franz Ehrenhöfer in Gries-Bozen, in the background a nailed cross

All of the exhibits listed here are located in what is now South Tyrol , which was part of Austria-Hungary until 1919.

Croatia

then part of Austria-Hungary:

  • Pola : In December 1915 the lighthouse in iron with a height of 2.5 meters was erected in the main port of the Austro-Hungarian Navy . Fleet Admiral Anton Haus drove the first nail in on behalf of the Navy .
  • SMS Sankt Georg: On the Austro-Hungarian warship in April 1916, a defensive shield created by the sculptor Zelezny with the image of Saint George was unveiled and nailed in favor of fallen marines.

Poland

then German Empire:

Romania

then Austria-Hungary

  • Cluj / Kolozsvár / Cluj : by on August 18, 1915 Ferenc Szeszák set
  • Hermannstadt / Nagyszeben / Sibiu : On August 1st, 1915 a soldier in iron was set up here. It is unclear whether the collection of the museum in today's Sibiu contains the sculpture itself or just one of the commemorative cards issued at the time.

Russia

then German Empire:

Slovakia

then Austria-Hungary

Czech Republic

then Austria-Hungary

  • Asch / Aš : military man in iron
  • Brünn / Brno : Military man with defense shield, inaugurated on August 1, 1915.
  • Eger / Cheb : The defense shield was called the Iron Six .
  • Hof : The mayor Joseph Gerlich had the defense shield built in patriotic enthusiasm at his own expense . It was designed and carved by the sculptor Johann Pietsch . It was shaped like a coat of arms about 1 meter high. It was bordered by an oak wreath, and at the top the motto of Emperor Franz Joseph I carved out in Gothic script could be read: “With united forces”. The Hofer city arms formed the center. The further history of the shield is not known.
  • Prague : The Iron Wehrmann of German women and girls was set up in the German Theater Garden.
  • Prague: The Bundeswehrmann in Eisen - created by Franz Thiele, professor at the Prague Art Academy - was set up on the occasion of the 22nd General Assembly of the Federation of Germans in Bohemia.
  • Troppau / Opava : Defense shield
  • Warnsdorf / Varnsdorf : City coat of arms

Turkey

then Ottoman Empire :

  • Constantinople , today Istanbul : After the English warships HMS Irresistible and HMS Ocean and the French armored cruiser Bouvet were sunk off the Dardanelles on March 18, 1915 , a wooden replica iron cannon was made available by Stambul of the most successful gun from the Skoda works and erected for nailing in front of the War Ministry in Istanbul in April 1916.

Ukraine

then Austria-Hungary:

  • Chernivtsi : To commemorate the liberation from the Russians, the Reichsaar was set up in iron for nailing . The model was the Reichsaar on the tower of the town hall, which had been removed by the Russians after the occupation.
  • Drohobycz : A military man was unveiled in Drohobycz on the anniversary of the liberation from the Russians . The first day raised 400,000 crowns in donations.
  • Lemberg / Lwiw : In April 1916 a soldier in iron was revealed to be nailed. During the celebration, three planes circled over the town square.

Hungary

In Hungary, too, numerous similar monuments were erected based on the Viennese model. These monuments were called in Hungarian vasvitéz , vaskatona , vashonvéd , various names for “soldier in iron” or páncélos lovag , “knight figure in armor”. Private individuals, business owners and pub owners also erected such monuments to express their patriotism. Often it was an old sign that guests, acquaintances and customers could nail down.

  • Budapest : The most famous monument of this kind was the sculpture National Victims Already shaft , (Nemzeti Áldozatkészség szobra) at Deák tér one studded with metal plates wood figure that a rider from the time of King Matthias Corvinus represented and the sculptor Ferenc Sidló was created. It was unveiled on September 12, 1915 and remained in its place in front of the anchor house until November 1924. After the renovation, she first came to the yard of the Ludovika Military Academy . In 1968 the knight's head came to the Kiscelli Museum. Fragments and the plaster form of the monument were brought to the depot of the Museum of Army History in the Castle District.
  • Szeged : erected on September 8, 1915 by István Szentgyörgyi .
  • Székesfehérvár : created by Alois Rigele on September 12, 1915 .

United States

Defense shield in Baltimore , Maryland
  • San Francisco : In the United States of America, Austrians and Germans abroad collected money by nailing an iron cross until the USA entered the war .
  • Baltimore : In Baltimore, Maryland , too, hangs an artistically designed eagle with a red cross as a breastplate, which until 1917 collected money for the German and Austrian Red Cross through nailing .

literature

Contemporary:

  • Gotthold Riegelmann: The stick in the iron - practical advice for setting up simple nail wood marks with idea sketches and cost calculations . Ernst Wasmuth, Berlin 1915.

Secondary:

  • Michael Diers: Nail men. Propaganda with ephemeral monuments in the First World War. In: Schlagbilder. On the political iconography of the present. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1996, ISBN 3-596-13218-5 , pp. 78-100.
  • Dietlinde Munzel-Everling : Kriegsnagelungen, Wehrmann in Eisen, Nagel-Roland, Eisernes Kreuz , Wiesbaden, August 2008. ( PDF file; 3.45 MB ).
  • Martin Kronenberg: The importance of the school for the "home front" in the First World War - collections, relief services, celebrations and nailing in the German Reich. Dissertation. Göttingen, March 2010. (also GRIN-Verlag, 2011, ISBN 978-3-640-90897-4 ( online at uni-goettingen.de))
  • Tristan Loidl: Souvenirs from the Iron Age. Patriotic badges of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy from 1914 to 1918. Militaria-Verlag, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-9501642-4-3 .
  • Henning K. Müller: “A reminder of this great time of sacrifice and joy.” The “war nails” of the figure of the “German warrior” in the Bremervörde district in 1915/16. In: Rotenburger Schriften. 96, 2016, ISBN 978-3-86707-896-2 , pp. 35-51.
  • Christoph Nübel: Mobilization of the home front and self-assertion in enemy territory. The nailing of war symbols and the monument to the prisoners of war in Münster 1915–1918. In: Rheinisch-Westfälische Zeitschrift für Volkskunde. 52, 2007, ISSN  0342-1996 , pp. 131-156.
  • Hans-Christian Pust: War nails in Austria-Hungary, the German Empire and beyond. In: Stefan Karner, Philipp Lesiak (eds.): First World War. Global conflict - local consequences. New perspectives. (= Publications of the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Research on the Consequences of War. 27). Studies, Innsbruck a. a. 2014, pp. 211-224.
  • Gerhard Schneider : In the Iron Age. War symbols in the First World War. bd-edition, Schwalbach am Taunus 2013, ISBN 978-3-941264-13-7 .

Web links

Commons : War Nails  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Vienna City Library : Nail monuments .
  2. ↑ Hans Gwiggner: Years full of worry. In: Wörgl. A home book. 1998, p. 300 ff.
  3. ↑ 1916-09-10 - Babenhausen ( memento of July 24, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) on babhist.de, archived
  4. ↑ Hans-Christian Pust: Collective nailed doors, coats of arms and crosses: About the war symbols of the First World War in the Schwarzwald-Baar-Heuberg region. In: Friedemann Kawohl (Ed.): Remembering and forgetting. Stories from memorial sites in the Schwarzwald-Baar-Heuberg region. (= Contributions to the Schwarzwald-Baar-Heuberg region. 1). Association for History and Natural History of the Baar, Donaueschingen 2015, ISBN 978-3-7883-0892-6 , pp. 81–98.
  5. ^ Franz-Josef Vogel: The nailed picture of the emperor. , at www.mein-kaiserswerth.de/magazin/geschichten, accessed on February 1, 2020.
  6. ↑ Richard Jochims: The "iron" Johann. A symbol of war from the First World War. In: Local calendar of the Heinsberg district. 2014. ISSN  1615-7761 . OCLC 1785040 , p. 152.
  7. ↑ Hans-Christian Pust: Schleswig-Holstein nailing monuments in the First World War. An overview . In: Grenzfriedenshefte . tape 2008 , no. 3 , p. 199-208 .
  8. ^ Gerhard Schneider: In iron time.
  9. ↑ a b Gerhard Schneider.
  10. ↑ Entry on the Eisenhart nail figure in the HEUSS database of the Heilbronn City Archives , contemporary history collection, signature ZS-6801.
  11. ↑ Richard Jochims: The "iron" Johann. A symbol of war from the First World War. In: Local calendar of the Heinsberg district. 2014. ISSN  1615-7761 . OCLC 1785040 , pp. 147-152.
  12. ↑ The plate including a description can be viewed in the Holzwickede home parlor.
  13. ↑ Angelika Schyma : In quick succession - The "Iron Siegfried" of Königswinter: A contribution to the First World War. In: Preservation of monuments in the Rhineland. Volume 31, 2014, issue 3, pp. 101–105. ISSN  0177-2619 .
  14. ↑ Heinrich Schützinger : The Lindau war landmark. In: Writings of the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings. 45th year 1916, pp. 3–6. (Digitized version) ; the article also contains critical remarks on nail figures based on living people.
  15. ↑ Illus . 84 ( Memento of the original from October 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on suedkurier.de. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.suedkurier.de
  16. ↑ Ilsetraut Lindemann: The "Iron Man" from Osnabrück. In: Heimat-Jahrbuch Osnabrücker Land. 1985, p. 25 ff.
  17. ↑ Heiko Bockstiegel: The Iron Burgmann in the town hall of Quakenbrück. In: Heimat-Jahrbuch Osnabrücker Land. 1980, p. 54 ff.
  18. ^ Raffael Parzefall: The Iron Ratisbona in Regensburg . In: Negotiations of the historical association for Upper Palatinate and Regensburg . tape 153 . Historical Association for Upper Palatinate and Regensburg, 2013, ISSN  0342-2518 , p. 295-310 .
  19. ↑ When the war came upon us ... ( Memento from April 15, 2008 in the Internet Archive ).
  20. ↑ Find: The "Isern Hinnerk"
  21. ↑ Klaus Graf : Hans Rauchbein. A Gmünd mayor in the 16th century and his false fame. In: Ostalb - unicorn. 18/1991, pp. 116-126. (Full text)
  22. ↑ City Archives St. Wendel , D 1.40
  23. ^ Gerhard Schneider: In Iron Time. War symbols in the First World War. A catalog. bd edition, Schwalbach 2013, ISBN 978-3-941264-13-7 , pp. 60 .
  24. ↑ a b c d e f g Dietlinde Munzel-Everling: Kriegsnagelungen . 2008.
  25. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u kriegsnagelungen.de AK ( Memento of the original from February 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked . Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kriegsnagelungen.de
  26. ↑ L'homme de fer . In: Le Républicain Lorrain . August 10, 2010 (French).
  27. ↑ The Homme de Fer in Metz shortly before it was overturned. Image on e-monumen.net.
  28. ^ Destroyed Homme de Fer in Metz. Image on e-monumen.net.
  29. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Kriegsnagelungen.de LZ ( Memento of the original from July 30, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kriegsnagelungen.de
  30. ↑ See the report in the Maiser Wochenblatt , edition of May 15, 1915, pp. 5-6 ( digitized version of the Teßmann library ).
  31. ↑ Christine Dippold (editor): Myth Castle . Exhibition catalog of the Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nuremberg, ed. by G. Ulrich Großmann, Nürnberg / Dresden 2010, ISBN 978-3-936688-51-1 .
  32. ↑ Jakub Skutecki: Historia Drewnianej Figury Żelaznego Obrońcy. (Polish) (The story of the wooden figure of the Iron Soldier)
  33. ↑ The Brno military man with a defense shield. A memorial sheet for the ceremonial unveiling on August 1, 1915, Brno: Monument Committee [1915] Digitized version of the Württemberg State Library in Stuttgart.
This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on October 22, 2005 .