List of states in the world

World map of all countries on earth

The list of the countries of the world shows the countries of the world . The name is given in long form, the capital , number of inhabitants , area , population density , flag and the country code . This list includes 193 states that are members of the United Nations (UN) . In addition, as non-UN members, there are Vatican City and twelve states, nations , countries or territories in which the status of a state is controversial or which are in free association with other states.

Preliminary remarks

For comparison, the characteristics of the European Union (EU) , the African Union , the Association of Southeast Asian Nations , the Organization of American States and the world as a whole are included.

Preliminary remarks on the state

Since there is no precise and generally accepted definition of an independent state in international law , the scope of this list is controversial. Those states / areas whose statehood under international law is doubted by the United Nations, even though the constituent features of the three-element doctrine may be present, are therefore written in italics.

Member states of sovereign states are not included in the list, even if - as in the case of the states of the Federal Republic of Germany - they have state quality and also have at least limited subjectivity under international law .

The United Nations recognizes the full state quality under international law in 195 states, including the 193 members of the United Nations as well as Vatican City and Palestine . In nine other territories, the status as a "state" is disputed. Two areas are self-governing territories in free association with another state (Niue and Cook Islands to New Zealand).

→ For a list of UN member states, see United Nations member states

→ For a list of the states not recognized by the UN, see the list of areas not recognized as independent states by the United Nations

Preliminary remarks on the official name

The column "Long form of the state name" shows the official long form as it is used in Germany.

→ For a detailed list of the official names in different languages ​​see Wikipedia: Naming Conventions / States

→ For a detailed list of the etymological origins of the country names, see Etymological list of country names

Preliminary remarks on the capital

• In some states the capital and seat of government are separate, for example in the Kingdom of the Netherlands . Here Amsterdam is the capital, but the seat of government of the Netherlands is in The Hague .
• In other countries there is only one de facto capital. Liechtenstein , Monaco , Nauru , Switzerland , Singapore and the Vatican have no de jure capital.
  • There is no city in Liechtenstein ; Vaduz , which is often referred to as the capital, never received town charter and is therefore only the capital of the principality.
  • Monaco, Singapore and the Vatican City do not have a capital because they are pure city-states .
  • In Nauru , the place where the government is located ( Yaren ) is regarded as the unofficial capital.
  • In Switzerland, Bern de facto fulfills the capital function as a federal city ; see also the capital issue of Switzerland .
• The capital city situation in Israel is also problematic . While Israel calls the reunified Jerusalem its capital, most states are opposed to expanding the city limits to include East Jerusalem , so most of the foreign embassies are also in Tel Aviv .
• Palestine claims East Jerusalem as its capital, but Ramallah and Gaza are the seats of government .
• In Japan, on the other hand, there is the peculiarity that the city ​​of Tokyo was dissolved in 1943, and the capital city function is taken over by the 23 urban districts of Tokyo , which are considered separate cities. Furthermore, it is unclear whether Tokyo is also de jure the capital, as there was never an explicit, official relocation of the capital from Kyoto to Tokyo (see Capital of Japan ).

In the case of confederations of states , the headquarters of the administration is given as the counterpart to the capital.

See also : List of capitals of the world

Preliminary remarks on the number of inhabitants

World map with population figures

In order to ensure comparability, the data were taken from the 2017 data report of the World Population Foundation (as of September 2017). Even censuses can never correctly record a country's population, since such surveys can only ever show a specific point in time. The population is constantly changing due to deaths, births and migration .

See also : List of States and Territories by Population

Preliminary remarks on the area

World map with areas

All values ​​refer to the national territory in square kilometers . In order to be able to compare the area data with one another, the CIA World Factbook (as of January 2011) was used as the source . The national territory is the entire area (land and water) that is ruled by a state authority. In contrast, the land area of some states can be significantly smaller. Depending on the perspective, a different ranking can result. For example, the United States is larger than the People's Republic of China at 9,826,630 km² by total area at 9,826,630 km². However, by land area, China is larger (9,326,410 km²) than the United States (9,161,923 km²). In the Philippines , out of 7,641 islands, only those larger than 200 km² were taken into account, resulting in a land area of ​​298,170 km², while including smaller islands the total area would be at least 10% larger.

For the recognized states, the area including any disputed states or areas is indicated. For example, the area of ​​Georgia also includes the area of ​​Abkhazia and South Ossetia, the area of ​​Cyprus also includes the area of ​​northern Cyprus, and Israel and Syria also includes the area of ​​the Golan Heights.

See also : List of States and Territories by Area

Preliminary remarks on population density

World map with population densities

The population density is the quotient of the population and the area of ​​the respective country.

Preliminary remarks on the flag

The "Flag" column shows the respective national flag of the state.

See also : List of national flags , List of national coats of arms and List of flags and coats of arms of dependent areas

Preliminary remarks on the English name

Since English is the most common language internationally, these are also listed.

table

State or territory	Long form of the state name	Capital	Residents 2017	Area in km²	Inhabitant per km²	flag	ISO-3 abbreviation	ISO-2 abbreviation	TLD	English name	Local name
earth	-	-	7,536,000,000	510,072,000  total * 135,700,000 excluding Antarctica and oceans	15 total * 56 excluding Antarctica and oceans	-	-	-	-	Earth	-
European Union	-	Brussels	511,000,000	4,381,324	117		-	EU	.eu	European Union	-
African Union	-	Addis Ababa	1,250,000,000	29,797,500	42		-	-	-	African Union	-
Association of Southeast Asian Nations	-	Jakarta	644,000,000	4,480,000	144		-	-	-	Association of Southeast Asian Nations	-
Organization of American States	-	Washington, DC	1,004,000,000	42,549,000	24		-	-	-	Organization of American States	-
Abkhazia	Republic of Abkhazia	Sukhumi	240,000	8,600	28		ABC	-		Abkhazia	Aṗsny ( Abkhazian ) Abkhazia ( Russian )
Afghanistan	Islamic Republic of Afghanistan	Kabul	35,500,000	652.230	54		AFG	AF	.af	Afghanistan	Afghānestān
Egypt	Arab Republic of Egypt	Cairo	93,400,000	1,001,450	93		EGY	EG	.eg	Egypt	Misr
Albania	Republic of Albania	Tirana	2,900,000	28,748	101		ALB	AL	.al	Albania	Shqipëria
Algeria	People's Democratic Republic of Algeria	Algiers	42,200,000	2,381,741	18th		DZA	Double room	.dz	Algeria	al-Jaza'ir
Andorra	Principality of Andorra	Andorra la Vella	80,000	468	182		AND	AD	.ad	Andorra	Andorra
Angola	Republic of Angola	Luanda	28,600,000	1,246,700	23		AGO	AO	.ao	Angola	Angola
Antigua and Barbuda	Antigua and Barbuda	Saint John's	100,000	443	226		ATG	AG	.ag	Antigua and Barbuda	Antigua and Barbuda
Equatorial Guinea	Republic of Equatorial Guinea	Malabo	1,300,000	28.051	46		GNQ	GQ	.gq	Equatorial Guinea	Guinea Ecuatorial
Argentina	Argentine Republic	Buenos Aires	44,300,000	2,780,400	16		ARG	AR	.ar	Argentina	Argentina
Armenia	Republic of Armenia	Yerevan	3,000,000	29,743	101		POOR	AT THE	.at the	Armenia	Hayastan
Artsakh	Artsakh Republic	Stepanakert	135,000	11,500	12					Republic of Artsakh	Arzachi Hanrapetutjun
Azerbaijan	Republic of Azerbaijan	Baku	9,900,000	86,600	114		AZE	AZ	.az	Azerbaijan	Azǝrbaycan
Ethiopia	Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia	Addis Ababa	105,000,000	1,104,300	95		ETH	ET	.et	Ethiopia	Ityop'iya
Australia	Australia	Canberra	24,500,000	7,741,220	3		OUT	AU	.au	Australia	Australia
Bahamas	Commonwealth of the Bahamas	Nassau	400,000	13,880	29		Bras	BS	.bs	Bahamas	Bahamas
Bahrain	Kingdom of Bahrain	Manama	1,500,000	760	1974		BHR	bra	.bra	Bahrain	al-Bahrayn
Bangladesh	People's Republic of Bangladesh	Dhaka	164,700,000	143.998	1144		BGD	BD	.bd	Bangladesh	Bāṃlādeś
Barbados	Barbados	Bridgetown	300,000	430	698		BRB	BB	.bb	Barbados	Barbados
Belgium	Kingdom of Belgium	Brussels	11,300,000	30,528	367		BEL	BE	.be	Belgium	België ( Dutch ) Belgique ( French ) Belgium ( German )
Belize	Belize	Belmopan	400,000	22,966	17th		BLZ	BZ	.bz	Belize	Belize
Benin	Republic of Benin	Porto-Novo	11,200,000	112,622	99		BEN	BJ	.bj	Benin	Benin
Bhutan	Kingdom of Bhutan	Thimphu	800,000	38,394	21st		BTN	BT	.bt	Bhutan	Bhutan
Bolivia	Plurinational State of Bolivia	Sucre	11,100,000	1,098,581	10		BOL	BO	.bo	Bolivia	Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Sarajevo	3,500,000	51.197	68		BIH	BA	.ba	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Bosna i Hercegovina
Botswana	Republic of Botswana	Gaborone	2,300,000	581.730	4th		BWA	BW	.bw	Botswana	Botswana
Brazil	Federative Republic of Brazil	Brasília	207,900,000	8,514,877	24		BRA	BR	.br	Brazil	Brazil
Brunei	Brunei Darussalam	Bandar Seri Begawan	400,000	5,765	69		BRN	BN	.bn	Brunei Darussalam	Negara Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria	Republic of Bulgaria	Sofia	7,100,000	110,879	64		BGR	BG	.bg	Bulgaria	Bălgarija
Burkina Faso	Burkina Faso	Ouagadougou	19,600,000	274.200	71		BFA	BF	.bf	Burkina Faso	Burkina Faso
Burundi	Republic of Burundi	Gitega	10,400,000	27,830	410		BDI	BI	.bi	Burundi	Burundi
Chile	Republic of Chile	Santiago de Chile	18,400,000	756.102	24		CHL	CL	.cl	Chile	Chile
Republic of China	Republic of China (Taiwan)	Taipei	23,600,000	35,980	656		TWN	TW	.tw	Taiwan or Republic of China	中華民國Zhonghua Minguo
People's Republic of China with Hong Kong (HK) and Macau (MO)	People's Republic of China	Beijing	1,386,800,000 heartland * 7,400,000 HK  * 600,000 MO	9,596,961  total * 1,104 HK * 28.2 MO	145  total * 6703 HK * 21276.6 MO		CHN	CN	.cn	China	中华人民共和国Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo
Cook Islands	Cook Islands	Avarua	11,500	236	49		COK	CK	.ck	Cook Islands	Cook Islands
Costa Rica	Republic of Costa Rica	San Jose	4,900,000	51,100	96		CRI	CR	.cr	Costa Rica	Costa Rica
Denmark with Faroe Islands (FO) and Greenland (GL)	Kingdom of Denmark	Copenhagen	5,748,769 heartland * 48,354 FO * 56,584 GL * 5,853,707 total	43,094  heartland * 1,393 FO * 2,166,086 GL * 2,210,573 total	128.0  heartland * 35.2 FO * 0.03 GL * 2.5 total		DNK	DK	.dk	Denmark	Danmark
Germany	Federal Republic of Germany	Berlin	83,100,000	357.121	231		DEU	DE	.de	Germany	Germany
Dominica	Commonwealth Dominica	Roseau	73,000	751	97		DMA	DM	.dm	Dominica	Dominica
Dominican Republic	Dominican Republic	Santo Domingo	10,700,000	48,670	220		DOM	DO	.do	Dominican Republic	República Dominicana
Djibouti	Republic of Djibouti	Djibouti city	1,000,000	23,200	43		DJI	DJ	.dj	Djibouti	Djibouti
Ecuador	Republic of Ecuador	Quito	16,800,000	283,561	59		ECU	EC	.ec	Ecuador	Ecuador
El Salvador	Republic of El Salvador	San Salvador	6,400,000	21,041	304		SLV	SV	.sv	El Salvador	El Salvador
Ivory Coast	Republic of Côte d'Ivoire	Yamoussoukro	24,400,000	322,463	76		CIV	CI	.ci	Ivory Coast	Cote d'Ivoire
Eritrea	State of Eritrea	Asmara	5,900,000	117,600	50		ERI	HE	.he	Eritrea	Ertra
Estonia	Republic of Estonia	Tallinn	1,300,000	45.228	29		EST	EE	.ee	Estonia	Eesti
Fiji	Republic of Fiji	Suva	900,000	18,274	49		FJI	FJ	.fj	Fiji	Fiji
Finland	Republic of Finland	Helsinki	5,500,000	338.145	16		FIN	FI (SF)	.fi	Finland	Suomi ( Finnish ) Finland ( Swedish )
France excluding overseas territories	French Republic	Paris	65,000,000	551,500	118		FRA	FR	.fr	France	France
Gabon	Gabonese Republic	Libreville	2,000,000	267,667	7th		GAVE	GA	.ga	Gabon	Gabon
Gambia	Republic of the Gambia	Banjul	2,100,000	11,295	186		GMB	GM	.gm	Gambia, the	Gambia, the
Georgia with Abkhazia and South Ossetia	Georgia	Tbilisi	3,900,000	69,700	56		GEO	GE	.ge	Georgia	Sak'art'velo
Ghana	Republic of Ghana	Accra	28,800,000	238,533	121		GHA	GH	.gh	Ghana	Ghana
Grenada	Grenada	St. George's	108,000	344	314		GRD	GD	.gd	Grenada	Grenada
Greece	Hellenic Republic	Athens	10,700,000	131,957	81		GRC	GR	.gr	Greece	Elláda, Ellás
Guatemala	Republic of Guatemala	Guatemala City	16,900,000	108,889	155		GTM	GT	.gt	Guatemala	Guatemala
Guinea	Republic of Guinea	Conakry	11,500,000	245.857	47		GIN	GN	.gn	Guinea	Guinea
Guinea-Bissau	Republic of Guinea-Bissau	Bissau	1,900,000	36,125	53		GNB	GW	.gw	Guinea-Bissau	Guiné-Bissau
Guyana	Cooperative Republic of Guyana	Georgetown	800,000	214,969	4th		GUY	GY	.gy	Guyana	Guyana
Haiti	Republic of Haiti	Port-au-Prince	10,600,000	27,750	382		HTI	HT	.ht	Haiti	Haiti
Honduras	Republic of Honduras	Tegucigalpa	8,900,000	112.090	79		HND	HN	.hn	Honduras	Honduras
India with Kashmir	Republic of India	New Delhi	1,352,600,000	3,287,263	411		IND	IN	.in	India	India ( English ) Bharat ( Hindi )
Indonesia	Republic of Indonesia	Jakarta	264,000,000	1,904,569	139		IDN	ID	.id	Indonesia	Indonesia
Iraq	Republic of Iraq	Baghdad	39,200,000	438.317	89		IRQ	IQ	.iq	Iraq	al-ʿIrāq
Iran	Islamic Republic of Iran	Tehran	80,600,000	1,648,195	49		IRN	IR	.ir	Iran	Iran
Ireland	Ireland	Dublin	4,800,000	70.273	68		IRL	IE	.ie	Ireland	Éire ( Irish ) Ireland ( English )
Iceland	Republic of Iceland	Reykjavík	350,000	103,000	3		ISL	IS	.is	Iceland	Ísland
Israel with the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem , without the Gaza Strip and the West Bank	State of Israel	Jerusalem	8,600,000	22,380	384		ISR	IL	.il	Israel	Yisra'el
Italy	Italian Republic	Rome	60,500,000	301,340	201		ITA	IT	.it	Italy	Italia
Jamaica	Jamaica	Kingston	2,900,000	10,991	264		JAM	JM	.jm	Jamaica	Jamaica
Japan	Japan	Tokyo	126,700,000	377.915	335		JPN	JP	.jp	Japan	日本 Nihon / Nippon
Yemen	Republic of Yemen	Sanaa (de jure) Aden (de facto)	28,300,000	527.968	54		YEM	YE	.ye	Yemen	al-Yaman
Jordan	Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan	Amman	9,700,000	89,342	109		JOR	JO	.jo	Jordan	al-Urdunn
Cambodia	Kingdom of Cambodia	Phnom Penh	15,900,000	181.035	88		KHM	KH	.kh	Cambodia	Kampuchea
Cameroon	Republic of Cameroon	Yaoundé	25,000,000	475,440	53		CMR	CM	.cm	Cameroon	Cameroun ( French ) Cameroon ( English )
Canada	Canada	Ottawa	36,700,000	9,984,670	4th		CAN	CA	.approx	Canada	Canada
Cape Verde	Republic of Cabo Verde	Praia	517,000	4.033	128		CPV	CV	.cv	Cape Verde	Cabo Verde
Kazakhstan	Republic of Kazakhstan	Nur-Sultan	18,000,000	2,724,900	7th		KAZ	concentration camp	.concentration camp	Kazakhstan	Qazaqstan ( Kazakh ) Kazakhstan ( Russian )
Qatar	State of Qatar	Doha	2,700,000	11,586	233		QAT	QA	.qa	Qatar	Dawlat Qatar
Kenya	Republic of Kenya	Nairobi	49,700,000	580.367	86		KEN	KE	.ke	Kenya	Kenya
Kyrgyzstan	Kyrgyz Republic	Bishkek	6,200,000	199,951	31		KGZ	KG	.kg	Kyrgyzstan	Kyrgyzstan ( Kyrgyz ) Kyrgyzstan ( Russian )
Kiribati	Republic of Kiribati	South Tarawa	100,000	811	123		KIR	AI	.ki	Kiribati	Kiribati or Kiribas
Colombia	Republic of Colombia	Bogotá	49,300,000	1,138,910	43		COL	CO	.co	Colombia	Colombia
Comoros	Union of Comoros	Moroni	800,000	2,235	358		COM	KM	.km	Comoros	Comores
Congo, Democratic Republic	Democratic Republic of Congo	Kinshasa	81,500,000	2,344,858	35		COD	CD	.CD	Congo, Democratic Republic of the (Kinshasa)	Congo, République Démocratique du
Congo, Republic	Republic of the Congo	Brazzaville	5,000,000	342,000	15th		COG	CG	.cg	Congo, Republic of (Brazzaville)	Congo, République du
Korea, north	Democratic People's Republic of Korea	Pyongyang	25,500,000	120,538	212		PRK	KP	.kp	Korea, Democratic People's Republic of (North Korea)	조선 민주주의 인민 공화국 , 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 Chosŏn
Korea, south	Republic of Korea	Seoul	51,400,000	99,720	515		COR	KR	.kr	Korea, Republic of (South Korea)	대한민국 大韓民國 Hanguk / Namhan
Kosovo	Republic of Kosovo	Pristina	1,800,000	10,887	165		XXK	XK		Kosovo	Kosova / Kosovë ( Albanian ) Kosovo / Косово ( Serbian )
Croatia	Republic of Croatia	Zagreb (Agram)	4,100,000	56,594	72		HRV	MR	.Mr	Croatia	Hrvatska
Cuba	Republic of Cuba	Havana	11,300,000	110,860	102		CUB	CU	.cu	Cuba	Cuba
Kuwait	State of Kuwait	Kuwait City	4,100,000	17,818	230		KWT	KW	.kw	Kuwait	al-Kuwayt
Laos	Laos People's Democratic Republic	Vientiane	7,000,000	236,800	30th		LAO	LA	.la	Lao, People's Democratic Republic of	Lao
Lesotho	Kingdom of Lesotho	Maseru	2,200,000	30,355	72		LSO	LS	.ls	Lesotho	Lesotho
Latvia	Republic of Latvia	Riga	1,900,000	64,589	29		LVA	LV	.lv	Latvia	Latvija
Lebanon	Lebanese Republic	Beirut	6,200,000	10,400	596		LBN	LB	.lb	Lebanon	Lubnān
Liberia	Republic of Liberia	Monrovia	4,700,000	111,369	42		LBR	LR	.lr	Liberia	Liberia
Libya	State of Libya	Tripoli	6,400,000	1,759,540	4th		LBY	LY	.ly	Libya	Lībiyā
Liechtenstein	Principality of Liechtenstein	Vaduz	40,000	160	250		LIE	LI	.li	Liechtenstein	Liechtenstein
Lithuania	Republic of Lithuania	Vilnius (Wilna)	2,800,000	65,300	43		LTU	LT	.lt	Lithuania	Lietuva
Luxembourg	Grand Duchy of Luxembourg	Luxembourg	600,000	2,586	232		LUX	LU	.lu	Luxembourg	Luxembourg ( German ) Luxembourg ( French ) Lëtzebuerg ( Luxembourgish )
Madagascar	Republic of Madagascar	Antananarivo	25,500,000	587.041	43		MDG	MG	.mg	Madagascar	Madagascar
Malawi	Republic of Malawi	Lilongwe	18,600,000	118,484	157		MWI	MW	.mw	Malawi	Malawi
Malaysia	Malaysia	Kuala Lumpur	31,600,000	329,847	96		MYS	MY	.my	Malaysia	Malaysia
Maldives	Republic of Maldives	Times	400,000	298	1342		MDV	MV	.mv	Maldives	Dhivehi Raajje
Mali	Republic of Mali	Bamako	18,900,000	1,240,192	15th		MLI	ML	.ml	Mali	Mali
Malta	Republic of Malta	Valletta	438,000	316	1386		MLT	MT	.mt	Malta	Malta
Morocco without Western Sahara (EH)	Kingdom of Morocco	Rabat	35,100,000	446,550	79		MAR	MA	.ma	Morocco	al-Maghrib
Marshall Islands	Republic of the Marshall Islands	Majuro	60,000	181	331		MHL	MH	.mh	Marshall Islands	Marshall Islands
Mauritania	Islamic Republic of Mauritania	Nouakchott	4,400,000	1,030,700	4th		MRI	MR	.mr	Mauritania	Mūrītānīya
Mauritius	Republic of Mauritius	Port Louis	1,300,000	2,040	637		MUS	MU	.mu	Mauritius	Mauritius
Mexico	United Mexican States	Mexico city	129,200,000	1,964,375	66		MEX	MX	.mx	Mexico	México
Micronesia	Federated States of Micronesia	Palikir	107,000	702	152		FSM	FM	.fm	Micronesia, Federal States of	Micronesia
Moldova with Transnistria	Republic of Moldova	Chișinău	3,900,000	33,851	115		MDA	MD	.md	Moldova	Moldova
Monaco	Principality of Monaco	City-state	37,800	2.03	18621		MCO	MC	.mc	Monaco	Monaco
Mongolia	Mongolia	Ulaanbaatar	3,200,000	1,564,116	2		MNG	MN	.mn	Mongolia	Mongol Uls
Montenegro	Montenegro	Podgorica	600,000	13,812	43		MNE	ME	.me	Montenegro	Crna Gora
Mozambique	Republic of Mozambique	Maputo	29,700,000	799.380	37		MOZ	MZ	.mz	Mozambique	Mozambique
Myanmar	Republic of the Union of Myanmar	Naypyidaw	53,400,000	676.578	79		MMR	MM	.mm	Myanmar or Burma	Myanma Naingngandaw
Namibia	Republic of Namibia	Windhoek	2,500,000	824.292	3		NAM	N / A	.n / A	Namibia	Namibia
Nauru	Republic of Nauru	Yaren	10,000	21st	476		NRU	NO	.No	Nauru	Nauru
Nepal	Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal	Kathmandu	29,400,000	147.181	200		NPL	NP	.np	Nepal	Nepal
New Zealand	New Zealand	Wellington	4,800,000	267.710	18th		NZL	NZ	.nz	New Zealand	New Zealand ( English ) Aotearoa ( Maori )
Nicaragua	Republic of Nicaragua	Managua	6,200,000	130.730	47		NIC	NI	.ni	Nicaragua	Nicaragua
Netherlands excluding Aruba (AW), Curaçao (CW) and Sint Maarten (SX)	Kingdom of the Netherlands	Amsterdam	17,100,000	41,543	412		NLD	NL	.nl	Netherlands	Nederland
Niger	Republic of Niger	Niamey	20,600,000	1,267,000	16		NER	NE	.ne	Niger	Niger
Nigeria	Federal Republic of Nigeria	Abuja	190,900,000	923,768	207		NGA	NG	.ng	Nigeria	Nigeria
Niue	Niue	Alofi	1,229	260	5		NIU	NU	.nu	Niue	Niue
North Macedonia	Republic of North Macedonia	Skopje	2,100,000	25,713	82		MKD	MK	.mk	North Macedonia	Severna Makedonija ( Macedonian ) Maqedonia e Veriut ( Albanian )
Northern Cyprus	Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus	North Nicosia	295,000	3,355	88					Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus	Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti
Norway without Svalbard (SJ)	Kingdom of Norway	Oslo	5,300,000	323,802	16		NOR	NO	.no	Norway	Norge ( bokmål ) Noreg ( nynorsk )
Oman	Sultanate of Oman	Muscat	4,700,000	309,500	15th		OMN	OM	.om	Oman	ʿUmān
Austria	Republic of Austria	Vienna	8,800,000	83,871	105		AUT	AT	.at	Austria	Austria
East Timor / Timor-Leste	Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste	Dili	1,300,000	14,874	87		TLS	TL (TP)	.tl ( .tp )	East Timor or Timor-Leste	Timor Leste
Pakistan without Kashmir	Islamic Republic of Pakistan	Islamabad	207,600,000	796.095	261		PAH	PK	.pk	Pakistan	Pakistan
Palestine	State of Palestine	East Jerusalem (claimed) and Ramallah (de facto)	4,900,000	6.220	788		PSE	PS	.ps	Palestine	Dawlat Filastīn
Palau	Republic of Palau	Ngerulmud	21,000	459	46		PLW	PW	.pw	Palau	Belau
Panama	Republic of Panama	Panama City	4,100,000	75,420	54		PAN	PA	.pa	Panama	Panama
Papua New Guinea	Independent State of Papua New Guinea	Port Moresby	8,300,000	462.840	18th		PNG	PG	.pg	Papua New Guinea	Papua Niu Gini
Paraguay	Republic of Paraguay	Asunción	6,800,000	406.752	17th		PRY	PY	.py	Paraguay	Paraguay ( Spanish ) Paraguái ( Guaraní )
Peru	Republic of Peru	Lima	31,800,000	1,285,216	25th		BY	PE	.pe	Peru	Peru
Philippines	Republic of the Philippines	Manila	105,000,000	299,000	351		PHL	PH	.ph	Philippines	Pilipinas
Poland	Republic of Poland	Warsaw	38,400,000	312,685	123		POLE	PL	.pl	Poland	Polska
Portugal	Portuguese Republic	Lisbon	10,300,000	92,090	112		PRT	PT	.pt	Portugal	Portugal
Rwanda	Republic of Rwanda	Kigali	12,300,000	26,338	467		RWA	RW	.rw	Rwanda	Rwanda
Romania	Romania	Bucharest	19,600,000	238.391	82		ROU	RO	.ro	Romania	România
Russia without Crimea	Russian Federation	Moscow	144,500,000	17,098,242	8th		RUS	RU	.ru	Russia or Russian Federation	Россия (Rossija) or Российская Федерация (Rossijskaja Federacija)
Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands	Honiara	700,000	28,896	24		SLB	SB	.sb	Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands
Zambia	Republic of Zambia	Lusaka	16,400,000	752.618	22nd		ZMB	ZM	.zm	Zambia	Zambia
Samoa	Independent State of Samoa	Apia	200,000	2,831	71		WSM	WS	.ws	Samoa	Samoa
San Marino	Republic of San Marino	San Marino	32,800	61	538		SMR	SM	.sm	San Marino	San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe	Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe	Sao Tome	200,000	964	207		STP	ST	.st	Sao Tome and Principe	Sao Tome e Principe
Saudi Arabia	Kingdom of Saudi Arabia	Riad	32,600,000	2,149,690	15th		SOW	SA	.sa	Saudi Arabia	al-ʿArabīya as-Saʿudīya
Sweden	Kingdom of Sweden	Stockholm	10,100,000	450.295	22nd		SWE	SE	.se	Sweden	Sverige
Switzerland	Swiss Confederation	Bern	8,500,000	41,277	206		CHE	CH	.ch	Switzerland	Switzerland ( German ) Suisse ( French ) Svizzera ( Italian ) Svizra ( Romansh )
Senegal	Republic of Senegal	Dakar	15,800,000	196.722	80		SEN	SN	.sn	Senegal	Senegal
Serbia without Kosovo	Republic of Serbia	Belgrade	7,000,000	77,474	90		SRB	RS	.rs	Serbia	Srbija
Seychelles	Republic of Seychelles	Victoria	90,000	455	198		SYC	SC	.sc	Seychelles	Seychelles ( English , French ) Sesel ( Seychelles Creole )
Sierra Leone	Republic of Sierra Leone	Freetown	7,600,000	71,740	106		SLE	SL	.sl	Sierra Leone	Sierra Leone
Zimbabwe	Republic of Zimbabwe	Harare	16,600,000	390.757	42		TWO	ZW	. or	Zimbabwe	Zimbabwe
Singapore	Republic of Singapore	City-state	5,700,000	697	8178		SGP	SG	.sg	Singapore	Singapore
Slovakia	Slovak Republic	Bratislava (Pressburg)	5,400,000	49,035	110		SVK	SK	.sk	Slovakia	Slovensko
Slovenia	Republic of Slovenia	Ljubljana (Ljubljana)	2,100,000	20,273	104		SVN	SI	.si	Slovenia	Slovenija
Somalia with Somaliland	Federal Republic of Somalia	Mogadishu	14,700,000	637.657	23		SOM	SO	.so	Somalia	Soomaaliya ( Somali ) as-Sūmāl ( Arabic )
Somaliland	Republic of Somaliland	Hargeysa	3,500,000	137,600	25th					Somaliland	Soomaaliland
Spain	Kingdom of Spain	Madrid	46,600,000	505.370	92		ESP	IT	.it	Spain	España
Sri Lanka	Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka	Sri Jayewardenepura (de jure) Colombo (de facto)	21,400,000	65,610	326		LKA	LK	.lk	Sri Lanka	Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis	Federation of St. Kitts and Nevis	Basseterre	50,000	261	192		KNA	KN	.kn	Saint Kitts and Nevis	Saint Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia	St. Lucia	Castries	200,000	616	325		LCA	LC	.lc	Saint Lucia	Saint Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines	St. Vincent and the Grenadines	Kingstown	104,000	389	267		VCT	VC	.vc	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
South Africa	Republic of South Africa	Pretoria	56,500,000	1,219,090	46		ZAF	ZA	.za	South Africa	South Africa ( English ) and ten others
Sudan	Republic of Sudan	Khartoum	40,600,000	1,886,068	22nd		SDN	SD	.sd	Sudan	as-Sūdān
South Ossetia	South Ossetia	Tskhinvali	51,000	3,885	13		SOS			South Ossetia	Južnaja Osetija ( Russian )
South Sudan	Republic of South Sudan	Juba	12,600,000	619.745	20th		SSD	SS	.ss	South Sudan	South Sudan
Suriname	Republic of Suriname	Paramaribo	600,000	163,820	4th		SUR	SR	.sr	Suriname	Suriname
Swaziland	Kingdom of Eswatini	Mbabane	1,400,000	17,364	81		SWZ	SZ	.sz	Eswatini	eSwatini
Syria with Golan Heights	Syrian Arab Republic	Damascus	18,300,000	185.180	99		SYR	SY	.sy	Syria	Sūriyā
Tajikistan	Republic of Tajikistan	Dushanbe	8,800,000	143,100	61		TJK	TJ	.tj	Tajikistan	Todschikiston
Tanzania	United Republic of Tanzania	Dodoma	57,500,000	947,300	61		TZA	TZ	.tz	Tanzania	Tanzania
Thailand	Kingdom of Thailand	Bangkok	66,100,000	513.120	129		THA	TH	.th	Thailand	Prathet Thai
Togo	Republic of Togo	Lomé	7,800,000	56,785	137		TGO	TG	.tg	Togo	Togo
Tonga	Kingdom of Tonga	Nuku'alofa	123,000	747	165		VOLUME	TO	.to	Tonga	Tonga
Transnistria	Transnistrian Moldavian Republic	Tiraspol	555,000	3,567	156					Transnistria	Pridnestrovye
Trinidad and Tobago	Republic of Trinidad and Tobago	Port of Spain	1,400,000	5,128	273		TTO	TT	.tt	Trinidad and Tobago	Trinidad and Tobago
Chad	Republic of Chad	N'Djamena	14,900,000	1,284,000	12		TCD	TD	.td	Chad	Tchad
Czech Republic	Czech Republic	Prague	10,600,000	78,867	134		CZE	CZ	.cz	Czech Republic	Česká republika
Tunisia	Republic of Tunisia	Tunis	11,500,000	163,610	70		TO DO	TN	.tn	Tunisia	Tunis
Turkey	Republic of Turkey	Ankara	83,150,000	783,562	103		DOOR	TR	.tr	Turkey	Türkiye
Turkmenistan	Turkmenistan	Ashgabad	5,800,000	488.100	12		TKM	TM	.tm	Turkmenistan	Turkmenistan
Tuvalu	Tuvalu	Funafuti	10,000	26th	385		TUV	TV	.tv	Tuvalu	Tuvalu
Uganda	Republic of Uganda	Kampala	42,800,000	241.038	178		UGA	Basement	.ug	Uganda	Uganda
Ukraine with Crimea	Ukraine	Kiev	42,300,000	603,550	70		UKR	UA	.ua	Ukraine	Ukrajina
Hungary	Hungary	Budapest	9,800,000	93,028	105		HUN	HU	.hu	Hungary	Magyarország
Uruguay	Republic of East Uruguay	Montevideo	3,500,000	176.215	20th		URY	UY	.uy	Uruguay	Uruguay
Uzbekistan	Republic of Uzbekistan	Tashkent	32,600,000	447,400	73		UZB	UZ	.uz	Uzbekistan	Ozbekiston
Vanuatu	Republic of Vanuatu	Port Vila	300,000	12,189	25th		VUT	VU	.vu	Vanuatu	Vanuatu
Vatican city	Vatican City State	City-state	829	0.44	1884		VAT	VA	.va	Vatican City	Status Civitatis Vaticanæ
Venezuela	Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela	Caracas	31,400,000	912.050	34		VEN	VE	.ve	Venezuela	Venezuela
United Arab Emirates	United Arab Emirates	Abu Dhabi	9,400,000	83,600	112		ARE	AE	.ae	United Arab Emirates	al-Imārāt al-ʿArabīya al-Muttahida
United States with no outlying territories	United States of America	Washington, DC	325,400,000	9,826,675	33		United States	US	.us	United States	United States
United Kingdom excluding overseas territories and crown possessions	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	London	66,200,000	243.610	272		GBR	GB (UK)	.uk ( .gb )	United Kingdom	United Kingdom
Vietnam	Socialist Republic of Vietnam	Hanoi	93,700,000	331.210	283		VNM	VN	.vn	Vietnam	Việt Nam
Belarus	Republic of Belarus	Minsk	9,500,000	207,600	46		BLR	BY	.by	Belarus	Belarus
Western Sahara	Sahara Arab Democratic Republic	El Aaiún	600,000	266,000	2		ESH	EH	.eh	Western Sahara or Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	Sahara Occidental
Central African Republic	Central African Republic	Bangui	4,700,000	622.984	8th		CAF	CF	.cf	Central African Republic	République Centrafricaine
Cyprus with Northern Cyprus	Republic of Cyprus	Nicosia	1,200,000	9,251	130		CYP	CY	.cy	Cyprus	Kýpros ( Greek ) Kıbrıs ( Turkish )
Country	Long form of the state name	Capital	Residents 2017	Area in km²	Inhabitant per km²	flag	ISO-3 abbreviation	ISO-2 abbreviation	TLD	English name	Local name

particularities

Controversial states and similar entities

→ Main article : List of areas not recognized as independent states by the United Nations

Abkhazia

Abkhazia belongs to Georgia under international law . The United Nations has reaffirmed this time and again since 1993. The UN Security Council calls for the “sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of Georgia within its internationally recognized borders” . Some international lawyers consider Abkhazia to be a stabilized de facto regime .

Russia recognized Abkhazia as an independent state on August 26, 2008, Nicaragua on September 3, 2008, Venezuela on September 10, 2009, and Nauru on December 15, 2009.

Abkhazia is also a member of the UNPO, which is not relevant under international law .

Artsakh

Arzach , Nagorno-Karabakh, a stabilized de facto state until 2017 , belongs to Azerbaijan under international law, but has been occupied by Armenia since the end of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict in 1994. In 1993 the UN Security Council passed four resolutions on the Nagorno-Karabakh issue, calling for the withdrawal of Armenian troops from the occupied Azerbaijani districts. The Council of Europe last criticized the “separation of 15.25% of Azerbaijani national territory” ( Nagorno Karabakh and neighboring districts) by the Armenian military units in Aracha in a resolution of January 2005 as “unlawful”.

On March 14, 2008, the UN General Assembly passed a resolution on the conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh, in which it called on Armenia to "immediately and completely withdraw its troops from the occupied Azerbaijani territories".

Republic of China

→ Main article : Legal status of Taiwan

The Republic of China is not officially recognized as an independent state by most states in the world (including all EU states and the USA) because the People's Republic of China has sole power of representation . The Republic of China is currently recognized by 15 countries, including Guatemala, Nicaragua, Haiti and the Vatican. In terms of foreign policy, the People's Republic underpins its claim to sole representation with the stance that it does not maintain relations with any state that recognizes the Republic of China under international law. However, the Republic of China is economically and politically independent. Germany, Austria and Switzerland have no diplomatic, but cultural and economic relations with the Republic of China.

Cook Islands

The Cook Islands are a self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand and a parliamentary-democratic monarchy in the Commonwealth of Nations . The Cook Islands are independent according to the three-element theory . However, many states and the United Nations are waiting for the country to be officially recognized as an independent sovereign state until the Cook Islands freely resolve their association with New Zealand. This could be the case in the medium term. So far u. a. the Federal Republic of Germany (2001), Belgium (2005) and Switzerland (2005) the Cook Islands recognized as an independent state under international law.

Kosovo

→ Main article : International recognition of Kosovo

Kosovo's status under international law is controversial. On 17 February 2008, the proclaimed parliament in the capital Pristina , the independence of the territory of Serbia . So far, 114 of the 193 UN member states recognize the Republic of Kosovo as independent.

Serbia considers Kosovo unchanged as its Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija ( Autonomna Pokrajina Kosovo i Metohija / Аутономна покрајина Косово и Метохија shortly Kosmet / Космет; Albanian Krahina Autonomous e Kosovës dhe Metohisë ). The International Court of Justice (ICJ) reached on 22 July 2010 in a non-legally binding, the UN General Assembly requested on Serbian initiative opinion to the conclusion that the Kosovo declaration of independence did not violate international law. At the same time, the ICJ avoided assessing the international legal status of Kosovo and recognized the validity of Resolution 1244 of the UN Security Council .

Niue

Niue is a self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand and a parliamentary-democratic monarchy in the Commonwealth of Nations. Niue is independent according to the three-element theory. However, many states and the United Nations are waiting for official recognition as an independent sovereign state until Niue can freely resolve its association with New Zealand. This could be the case in the medium term. The Federal Republic of Germany and the Republic of Austria have not yet recognized Niue as an independent state under international law.

Palestine

→ Main article : International recognition of the State of Palestine

The state of Palestine is currently fully diplomatically recognized by 138 states and has been upgraded to a UN observer state . However, there are only limited diplomatic relations with many other states (including most of the member states of the European Union ), which run through the PLO . Also, Palestine does not yet have a permanent state territory - the claimed territory is largely under the control of Israel , which has established the Palestinian Autonomous Areas.

Somaliland

Due to the collapse of Somalia , the state of Somaliland has existed as an independent republic since 1991 . Its sovereignty has hardly been recognized internationally. Somaliland is a member state of the UNPO , which, however, as a non-governmental organization, has no weight under international law.

South Ossetia

Even before the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1990, the autonomous region declared itself independent from the Georgian SSR as the Republic of South Ossetia . Georgia continues to claim South Ossetia as part of its national territory and is supported in this by most states and international organizations. After the Caucasus War in 2008 , Russia and then Nicaragua recognized South Ossetia and Abkhazia as sovereign states. Venezuela followed in September 2009 and Nauru in December 2009 . Together with Abkhazia, Transnistria and the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic , South Ossetia forms the community of unrecognized states .

Some international lawyers grant the Republic of South Ossetia the status of a de facto regime . The objection is that this only exists through the Russian military presence and that it is not yet sufficiently consolidated.

Transnistria

Transnistria is a separatist region in eastern Moldova , whose institutions operate independently. The rulers in Tiraspol regard Transnistria as an independent state. Separatism in Transnistria is based less on an ethnic basis (no ethnic group has a majority in the region) and more on an ideological basis (it regards itself as the rest of the collapsed USSR ). No state has yet recognized their independence. Due to alleged human rights violations, it is almost completely isolated in terms of foreign policy. On March 6, 2006, Ukraine introduced an "economic blockade".

Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus

The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) is a territory in the north of the Mediterranean island of Cyprus that is not recognized as a state by the international community with the exception of Turkey and is therefore referred to as a stabilized de facto regime . The capital of the TRNC is North Nicosia (Lefkoşa). In a referendum in April 2004, the population voted in favor of reunification with the Greek-populated south of the island, but this did not find a majority in the south. The island remains effectively divided and the Republic of Cyprus has no way of governing in the north. Officially, the entire island of Cyprus joined the European Union as the national territory of the Republic of Cyprus, but with the restriction that the Republic of Cyprus can neither enforce its own law nor EU law in the northern part. However, contracts on economic cooperation with the EU are to be concluded with the TRNC.

Western Sahara

→ Main article : International recognition of the Sahara Democratic Arab Republic

The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Western Sahara) is recognized as a state - especially by many African states . Morocco regards the territory as part of its historical national territory and keeps it occupied. Germany has so far remained neutral on this issue and supports the efforts of the United Nations to find a peaceful solution to the so-called Western Sahara conflict .

Non-state subjects of international law

Holy See

The Holy See is a generally recognized subject of international law and has observer status at the United Nations. He maintains diplomatic relations with most countries in the world. The Holy See is not to be confused with the State of Vatican City , which is recognized as a state and is also subject to international law. Usually, Vatican City leaves its diplomatic representation to the Holy See.

Order of Malta

The Order of Malta is a subject of international law and enjoys observer status at the United Nations. This is a relic, since the Order since the expulsion from the island of Malta by Napoleon Bonaparte over no territory has more. The order maintains diplomatic relations with many countries, such as Austria.

Red Cross

The International Committee of the Red Cross is a universally recognized subject of international law because of its global and impartial work. It is the only control body of the Geneva Conventions that is explicitly named in international law . The committee is part of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement . Its exclusively humanitarian mission is to protect the life and dignity of the victims of war and internal conflict.

Interactive world map

The following political world map shows all the countries in the world (the graphic is link-sensitive , i.e. the individual countries can be clicked on):

See also

• Timeline of historical state changes
• List of historical states in Asia
• List of historical states in Africa
• List of historical states in Africa
• List of historical states in Europe

literature

• Foreign Office (Ed.): Country directory for official use in the Federal Republic of Germany (German, English, French, Spanish). Deutscher Bundes-Verlag, Berlin 2005. ISBN 978-3-923106-06-6
• Editing of the Weltalmanach (ed.): Der Fischer Weltalmanach 2009 + CD-ROM: Figures, data, and facts. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2008. ISBN 978-3-596-72909-8

Web links

Wikisource: States  - Sources and Full Texts

• Google Maps with 242 world capitals (including national flag)
• Directory of state names for official use in the Federal Republic of Germany of the Federal Foreign Office (as of June 28, 2018; PDF; 430 kB)
• The World Factbook of the CIA with all data (Engl.)

Remarks

1. ↑ "UN at a glance" on the UN website. Retrieved January 14, 2011 . 
2. ↑ List of state names for official use on the website of the Federal Foreign Office. (PDF; 39 kB) Retrieved January 13, 2011 . 
3. ↑ For the Swiss name, see here (PDF; 53 kB). For further details see also here .
4. ↑ Population figures in the DSW data report 2017. Accessed April 30, 2018 . 
5. ↑ ^{a b c} areas in the CIA World Fact Book. Retrieved January 14, 2011 . 
6. ↑ Data in the CIA World Fact Book
7. ↑ Population figures in the DSW data report 2017. Accessed on May 1, 2018 . 
8. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} No (official) capital, see the #Previous remarks on the capital .
9. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Partly recognized, not a member of the United Nations (see notes ).
10. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i} Usual long form of the name, since the state is controversial, there is no official long form.
11. ↑ ^{a b} Not recognized by any other country, not a member of the United Nations (see notes ).
12. ↑ Includes Taiwan , Penghu , Lan Yu , Lü Dao , Kinmen , Matsu , Taiping Dao, and Dongsha .
13. ↑ No code according to DIN EN ISO 3166-1 has yet been established for Kosovo. The European Commission is temporarily using the custom 2-letter code XK; the EU Council working group Visa the user-defined 3-letter code XXK (see details of the Federal Foreign Office ; PDF; 429 kB).
14. ↑ United Nations Member States. In: Press Release ORG / 1469. United Nations , June 3, 2006, accessed on August 2, 2012 : “The Federation of Malaya joined the United Nations on September 17, 1957. On September 16, 1963, its name was changed to Malaysia, following the admission to the new federation of Singapore, Sabah (North Borneo) and Sarawak. Singapore became an independent State on August 9, 1965 and a Member of the United Nations on September 21, 1965. " 
15. ↑ http://www.gouv.mc/content/download/204612/2347864/file/monaco%20statistics%20pocket%202015%20FR.pdf
16. ^ Admitted to the United Nations on April 8, 1993 under the provisional designation Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia ; this designation is only valid for United Nations purposes. Until February 11, 2019 the name was "Macedonia".
17. ↑ Only recognized by Turkey, not a member of the United Nations (see notes ).
18. ↑ Also known as St. Christopher and Nevis.
19. ↑ Not recognized by any sovereign state, not a member of the United Nations (see notes ).
20. ↑ The traditional designation “Republic of Belarus” applies to domestic correspondence and the labeling of maps. In official interstate correspondence, the term "Republic of Belarus" applies.
21. ↑ Population figures in the DWS data report 2017. Accessed on May 1, 2018 . 
22. ↑ UN Security Council Resolution 1808 (PDF; 35 kB) of the UN Security Council , April 15, 2008.
23. ↑ ^{a b} Report on the recognition of the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia by RIA Novosti. Retrieved January 21, 2011 . 
24. ↑ ^{a b} Nicaraguan Decree of Recognition for Abkhazia. (PDF; 230 kB) (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on September 10, 2008 ; Retrieved January 21, 2011 (Spanish). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
25. ↑ ^{a b} russland.RU of September 11, 2009: Venezuela recognizes South Ossetia and Abkhazia. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on July 29, 2013 ; Retrieved January 21, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
26. ↑ ^{a b} net-tribune: Pacific state Nauru recognizes Abkhazia and South Ossetia. News.google.de, archived from the original on March 29, 2010 ; Retrieved July 3, 2010 . 
27. ^ Resolution 1416 (2005) - The conflict over the Nagorno-Karabakh region dealt with by the OSCE Minsk Conference. In: assembly.coe.int. Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe , 2005, accessed August 16, 2018 . 
28. ^ Report on the demand for the withdrawal of the Armenian troops from Nagorno-Karabakh at the UN News Center. Retrieved January 21, 2011 . 
29. ↑ For details see International Recognition of Kosovo .
30. ↑ Opinion of the International Court of Justice ( Memento of the original dated July 23, 2010 on WebCite ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 3.6 MB).  
31. ↑ Spiegel Online : "Russia was allowed to rush to help South Ossetia" , interview with Daniel-Erasmus Khan , August 13, 2008.
32. ↑ Urs Saxer: Becoming independent is not easy , in: Neue Zürcher Zeitung , September 2, 2008.

This version was added to the selection of informative lists and portals on October 9, 2008 .