List of well-known personal physicians

Personal physicians have beenin a prominent and responsible positionsince ancient times . However, they were not always only responsible for the well-being of those entrusted to them, but also influenced daily , social or family politics through their special position. They were also not always uninvolvedin intrigues , and some were even charged with murder by poison . The personal physicians were usually highly endowed and honored, but in the negative case also punished with dismissal, banishment , imprisonment , torture , mutilation or death . Occasionally there was one or the other charlatan among them. From the late Middle Ages onwards , however, mostly highly qualified and well-trained personalities took on this position.

Selection of well-known personal physicians (chronological)

The following overview lists personal physicians, graded according to year of birth, who are already described or mentioned in more detail in Wikipedia:

Antiquity

image	Name of the personal physician	Life dates	position	Supervised person (s)
	Arad-Nana	7th century v. Chr.	Personal physician at the Mesopotamian court	Azarhaddon
	Demokedes	End of the 6th century - beginning of the 5th century v. Chr.	Doctor and politician from Crotone in Calabria	Tyranny of Samos Polycrates and Persian King Dareios I.
	Ktesias of Knidos	End of the 5th century - beginning of the 4th century v. Chr.	Greek historian and doctor	Great King Artaxerxes II.
	Philistion of Lokroi	around 427 BC BC - 347 BC Chr.	Greek doctor from Locri , contemporary of Plato	Tyrant Dionysius II of Syracuse
	Krateuas	around 100 BC Chr.	Greek doctor and botanist	King Mithridates VI. from Pontos
	Antonius Musa	around 50 BC Chr.	Bath doctor and botanist	Emperor Augustus
	Gaius Stertinius Xenophon	10 BC Chr. - 54 AD	Roman medic	Emperor Claudius
	Euphorbus	1st century A.D.	Greek doctor	King Juba II of Mauritania
	Galen	129-216	Greek doctor and anatomist	Emperor Mark Aurel , Emperor's son Commodus and Septimius Severus
	Pantaleon	around 250 - 305	Doctor and martyr	Emperor Maximian
	Oreibasios	around 325 - 403	Late antique doctor and medical historian	Emperor Julian

Middle Ages to 1400

image	Name of the personal physician	Life dates	position	Supervised person (s)
	Burzoe	6th century	Scholar at the Gundischapur Academy	Shah Khosrau I.
	Gabriel of Shiggar	End of the 6th century - middle of the 7th century	Doctor in the Sassanid Empire	Great King Chosrau II.
	Yuthog Nyingma Yönten Gönpo	708-833	Monk and founder of the first institute for Tibetan medicine	King of Tibet Thrisong Detsen
	Isḥāq IbnʿImrān	10th century	Founder of the Kairouan medical school; Predecessor of Isaac ben Solomon Israeli	Ziyadat Allah III.
	Isaac ben Solomon Israeli (= Issak Judäus)	10th century	Jewish doctor and philosopher	Ziyadat Allah III., ʿAbd Allāh al-Mahdī
	Avicenna	980-1037	Persian doctor, physicist , philosopher , lawyer , mathematician , astronomer and alchemist	Emir of Isfahan
	Petrus Alfonsi	1057-1130	Jewish-Christian Spanish doctor and theologian	King Alfonso I of Aragon
	Ibn Tufail	1110-1185	Arab-Andalusian philosopher, astronomer , doctor, mathematician and Sufi	Almohad ruler Abu Yaqub Yusuf I.
	Averroes	1126-1198	Andalusian philosopher and doctor	Caliph Abu Yaqub Yusuf I, from 1182
	Maimonides	before 1138-1204	Jewish philosopher, doctor and lawyer	Sultan Saladin
	Petrus Hispanus	1205-1277	Portuguese philosopher and medicinarian, Pope	Popes Hadrian V and Gregory X.
	Ibn an-Nafis	before 1213-1288	Syrian polymath	Sultan Baibars I.
	Campanus of Novara	around 1220-1296	Italian astronomer, mathematician and doctor	Popes Urban IV to Boniface VIII
	Arnaldus de Villanova	around 1235-1311	Spanish scholastic doctor, chemist , pharmacist , Knight Templar and Rector of the University of Montpellier	Pope Clement V.
	Landulf of Milan	around 1245 - before 1301	Bishop of Brixen and medic	King Adolf of Nassau
	Peter von Aspelt	1245-1320	Doctor and Bishop of Basel and Archbishop of Mainz	King Rudolf of Habsburg
	Guglielmo da Brescia	1250-1326	Professor of Medicine in Padua and Bologna	Pope Boniface VIII
	Henri de Mondeville	around 1260 - around 1328	French anatomist, surgeon and deontologist	King Philip IV the Handsome of France
	Marsilius of Padua	before 1290-1342 / 43	Physician and state theorist	Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian
	John II Hake	around 1280-1349	Bishop of Verden and Bishop of Freising as well as medical professionals	Archbishop Baldwin of Luxembourg , King John of Bohemia as well as Emperor Ludwig IV and Pope Benedict XII.
	Guido da Vigevano	around 1280 - around 1349	Doctor and inventor of chariots	Queen and wife of Philip the Fair Joan I of France
	Guy de Chauliac	1298-1368	Surgeon, medical writer and canon	Popes Urban V. , Clemens VI. and Innocent VI.
	Guillaume de Harsigny	around 1300–1393	French plague doctor	Feudal lord Enguerrand VII. De Coucy
	Gallus of Prague (also Gallus of Strahov )	Beginning of the 14th century - after 1378	Bohemian vicar, imperial councilor, doctor and medicine writer	Emperor Charles IV and King Wenceslaus
	Siegmund Albich	1360-1427	Archbishop of Prague and medic	King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia
	Ugo Benzi	around 1360-1439	Italian philosopher, theologian and medicin	Duke Niccolò III. d'Este
	Amplonius Rating de Berka	1363-1435	German scientist and doctor	Archbishops Friedrich III. von Saar Werden , Johann II. von Nassau and Dietrich II. von Moers as well as Emperor Sigismund
	Peter of Ulm	around 1390 - after 1434	Doctor, town doctor and author of a surgical manual from Upper Swabia	from 1423 Count Palatine Ludwig III. near the Rhine in Heidelberg
	Johannes Hartlieb	around 1400–1468	Doctor, poet and translator	Wittelsbacher

1401 to 1500

image	Name of the personal physician	Life dates	position	Supervised person (s)
	Nicolaus Pistoris	1411-1471	Physician and Mayor of Leipzig	Elector Ernst of Saxony and Duke Albrecht the Brave of Saxony
	Heinrich Steinhöwel	1412-1482	Early Humanist translator, writer and doctor	Duke Eberhard I of Württemberg
	Heinrich Zollner	around 1415–1474	Nuremberg doctor, canon and priest	Ludwig IX., Duke of Bavaria-Landshut
	Johannes Matthias Tiberinus	around 1420–1500	Italian physician and humanistic writer	Bishop Johannes Hinderbach of Trento
	Lukas Scheltz	around 1420–1476	City physician of Heilbronn	Count Eberhard I of Württemberg
	Burkhard von Horneck	1433-1522	City physician in Heilbronn, doctor in Würzburg, Konstanz and then again in Würzburg	Emperor Friedrich III. , Duke Siegmund of Tyrol in Innsbruck and Lorenz von Bibra , Prince-Bishop of Würzburg
	Hartmann Schedel	1440-1514	Doctor, humanist and historian	Elector Friedrich II of Brandenburg
	Johannes Widmann	1444-1524	Mediciners	Duke Ulrich of Württemberg
	Wenceslaus Brack	around 1450–1495	Meissen early humanist and doctor	Emperor Friedrich III. and Archbishop Leonhard von Keutschach
	Jacob ben Jechiel Loans	around 1450–1506	Jewish doctor and Hebrew teacher	Emperor Friedrich III.
	Giovanni da Vigo	around 1450-1525	Italian surgeon	Pope Julius II
	Simon Pistoris the Elder	1453-1523	University professor in Leipzig	Elector Joachim I of Brandenburg
	Martin Pollich	around 1455-1513	Philosopher, physician, theologian and founding rector of the University of Wittenberg	Elector Friedrich II the Wise of Saxony
	Yehuda ben Isaac Abravanel	1460-1521	Portuguese Jewish philosopher, doctor, and poet	Royal couple Ferdinand II of Aragón and Isabella I of Castile as well as King Ferdinand I of Naples
	Peter Burckhard	around 1461–1526	Medical professor in Ingolstadt	Prince-Bishop Gabriel von Eyb
	Wilhelm Kopp	around 1461-1532	Swiss medic	King Francis I of France and Erasmus of Rotterdam
	Johannes Manardus	1462-1536	Italian professor of medicine	King Vladislav II of Bohemia and Hungary
	Jean Ruel	1474-1537	French humanist, doctor and botanist	King Francis I of France
	Heinrich Stromer	1476-1542	Leipzig university professor, founder of the Auerbachs Keller restaurant	Duke George the Bearded of Saxony, Margrave Joachim I and Albrecht of Brandenburg
	Paul Ritz	around 1480 - after 1542	Jewish-Christian philosopher, Kabbalist and doctor	Emperor Maximilian I.
	Georg Tannstetter	1482-1535	Humanist, astrologer , astronomer and medicin	Emperor Maximilian I , Archduke Ferdinand and his children
	Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim	1486-1535	Theologian, lawyer, doctor and philosopher	Luise of Savoy
	Caspar Lindemann	1486-1536	Medical professor and rector of the University of Wittenberg	Elector Friedrich III. the sage of Saxony
	Francysk Skaryna	1486-1541	Belarusian Bible translator and doctor	Ferdinand I in his time as Roman-German king
	Basil's ax	1486-1558	City physician of Nuremberg	Duke Albrecht I of Brandenburg-Ansbach
	Johann stomach book	1487-1546	City physician of Nuremberg	Landgrave Philip I of Hesse , Martin Luther and Emperor Karl V.
	Alban Thorer	1489-1550	Physician, philologist, rector of the University of Basel	Margrave Ernst of Baden-Durlach
	John Chambers	1491-1547		King Henry VIII of England
	Simone Pasqua	1492-1565	Cardinal and medic	Pope Pius IV
	Augustin Schurff	1495-1548	Physicist and physician	Martin Luther and later the Kursächsischer Hof
	Stephan Wild	1495-1550	Legal counsel in Wittenberg and physician	Elector Johann Friedrich I of Saxony
	Jean François Fernel	1497-1558	French anatomist and physiologist	King Henry II of France and Caterina de 'Medici
	Georg Kleinschmidt	1498-1556	Medical professor	Elector Johann Friedrich I of Saxony , Dukes Albrecht VII of Mecklenburg and Barnim IX. from Pomerania
	Andrés Laguna	1499-1559	Spanish medic, pharmacist, botanist and humanist	Pope Julius III
	Johann Neefe	1499-1574	Saxon medic	Electors Moritz of Saxony and August of Saxony
	Josse van Lom	around 1500 - around 1562	Burian medic, city physician of Tournai	King Philip II of Spain

1501 to 1600

image	Name of the personal physician	Life dates	position	Supervised person (s)
	Matthäus Ratzenberger	1501-1559	Doctor and reformer	Electress Elisabeth of Denmark, Norway and Sweden and Count Albrecht VII of Mansfeld and Elector Johann Friedrich I of Saxony
	Petrus Andreas Matthiolus	1501-1577	Italian doctor and botanist	Archduke Ferdinand II of Tyrol and Emperor Maximilian II.
	Leonhart Fuchs	1501-1566	Botanists and physicians from Tübingen	Margrave Georg the Pious of Brandenburg-Ansbach
	Nostradamus	1503-1566	Pharmacist , doctor and astrologer	King Charles IX (France)
	Johann Winter from Andernach	1505-1574	University professor, humanist and translator	King Franz I of France and Count Palatine Wolfgang von Zweibrücken
	Johannes Sinapius	1505-1560	from Schweinfurt, humanist; Teacher in Heidelberg and Ferrara, a. a. the Olympia Fulvia Morata	Prince-Bishop Melchior Zobel von Giebelstadt von Würzburg
	Gisbert Longolius	1507-1543	Lower Rhine humanist and physician	Archbishop Hermann V. von Wied
	Guillaume Rondelet	1507-1566	French naturalist and doctor	Cardinal François II de Tournon
	Gemma R. Frisius	1508-1555	Physician, astronomer, mathematician, cartographer and instrument maker	Emperor Charles V
	John Caius	1510-1573	Anatomist and court doctor	Mary I and Elizabeth I of England
	Georg Forster	1510-1568	German doctor and composer	Count Palatine Wolfgang von Pfalz-Zweibrücken
	Michael Servetus	1511-1553	Spanish doctor and Unitarian theologian	Archbishop Pierre Paulmier of Vienne
	Jacob Bording	1511-1560	Flemish doctor, professor in Rostock	Duke Heinrich V of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and King Christian III. from Denmark and Norway
	Andrea Camuzio	around 1512–1587	Swiss doctor and university professor	Emperor Maximilian II
	Andreas Aurifaber	1514-1559	Doctor and physicist	Duke Albrecht I of Brandenburg-Ansbach
	Andreas Vesalius	1514-1564	Flemish anatomist; his grandfather was already the personal physician of Maria of Burgundy , who died early , the wife of Maximilian I.	at the court of Emperor Charles V
	Wolfgang Lazius	1514-1565	Medical professor, humanist and cartographer	Emperor Ferdinand I.
	Francisco Hernandez de Toledo	1514-1587	Spanish doctor and botanist	King Philip II of Spain
	Johann Weyer	1515-1588	Dutch doctor and opponent of the witch hunt	Duke Wilhelm the Rich of Jülich-Kleve-Berg
	Giorgio Biandrata	1515-1590	Piedmontese doctor and founder of the Unitarian churches in Poland and Transylvania	Prince Johann Sigismund Zápolya
	Kaspar Dierbaum	1518-1559	Prince-Bishop's personal physician and calendar maker	Prince-Bishop Konrad von Thüngen von Würzburg, Prince-Bishop Konrad III. von Bibra von Würzburg, Prince-Bishop Melchior Zobel von Giebelstadt von Würzburg
	Johann Peter Lotich	1518-1560	from Schluechtern	Prince-Bishop Melchior Zobel von Giebelstadt von Würzburg
	Johann Crato von Krafftheim	1519-1585	Humanist and doctor	Emperor Ferdinand I and Emperor Maximilian II.
	Andrea Cesalpino	1519-1603	Philosopher, botanist and physiologist	Pope Clement VIII
	Philipp Michel Novenianus	before 1520-1579	German medic and writer	Counts of Mansfeld
	Simon Simonius	around 1522–1602	Italian medic	Elector August of Saxony
	Thomas Erastus	1524-1583	Swiss reformed theologian and physician	Count of Henneberg and Elector Ottheinrich of the Palatinate
	Pure Solenander	1524-1601	Balneologist	Duke Wilhelm the Rich of Jülich-Kleve-Berg
	Roderigo Lopes	1525-1594	Jewish-Portuguese medic	Queen Elizabeth I of England
	Caspar Peucer	1525-1602	Church reformer, mathematician , astronomer , doctor and diplomat	Elector August of Saxony
	Peter de Spina I.	1526-1569	French physician and professor in Aachen	King Christian III from Denmark and Norway
	Jacobus Bergemann	1527-1595	Professor of Greek, Mathematics and Medicine at the University of Frankfurt (Oder)	Elector Joachim II of Brandenburg
	Johann Hermann	1527-1605	Professor of Medicine at the University of Wittenberg	Personal physician to the Dukes of Liegnitz , Brieg and Münsterberg
	Paul Fabricius	1529-1589	Silesian humanist, mathematician, astronomer, botanist, geographer and poet	Emperor Maximilian II
	Castore Durante	1529-1590	Italian doctor and botanist	Pope Sixtus V.
	Severin Göbel the Elder	1530-1612	Medic and physicist	Philip I of Hesse and Albrecht Friedrich of Prussia
	Joachim Strupp	1530-1606	City physician and ophthalmologist	Elector Ludwig VI. from the Palatinate
	Andreas Rosa	1530-1602	from Schweinfurt, Dr. med. Wittenberg	Lords of Reuss (Burgraves of Meissen)
	Girolamo Mercuriale	1530-1606	Italian professor of medicine	Emperor Maximilian II and Grand Duke Ferdinand I of Tuscany
	Leonhard Thurneysser	1531-1596	Wonder doctor and alchemist	Elector Johann Georg von Brandenburg and Bishop Johann II von Hoya
	Martin Ruland the Elder	1532-1602	German doctor, alchemist and Graecist	Count Palatine Philipp Ludwig of the Palatinate and Emperor Rudolf II.
	Paul Luther	1533-1593	Martin Luther's son , linguist and physician	Duke Johann Friedrich II of Saxony and Elector August of Saxony
	Georg Marius (Mayer, Meier)	1533-1606	Physician and natural scientist in Marburg, city physician in Nuremberg	Elector Ludwig VI. from the Palatinate
	Samuel Eisenmenger	1534-1585	German medic, theologian and astrologer	Bishops of Speyer and Strasbourg, Archbishop of Cologne and Margrave of Baden
	Paul Hess	1536-1603	Medical professor in Wittenberg	Duke Charles II of Münsterberg-Oels
	Johannes Wittich	1537-1596	City physician of Arnstadt	Counts of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
	Johannes Posthius	1537-1597	Poet and doctor	Prince-Bishop Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn von Würzburg
	Guillaume de Baillou	1538-1616	French doctor and founder of modern epidemiology	King Henry II of France
	Matthias de L'Obel	1538-1616	Flemish botanist and doctor	King James I of England
	Oswald Gabelkover	1539-1616	Doctor, heraldist and historian	Duke Ludwig the Pious of Württemberg
	Salomon Alberti	1540-1600	Medic and anatomy professor	Duke Friedrich Wilhelm I of Saxe-Weimar
	Wilhelm Upilio	around 1540–1594	Doctor at the Juliusspital, city physician in Neustadt / Saale	Prince-Bishop Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn von Würzburg
	Johann Bauhin	1541-1613	Swiss doctor and botanist	Duke Friedrich I of Württemberg
	Abraham Portaleone	1542-1612	Italian Jewish doctor and writer	Dukes of Mantua
	Gabriel of Ferrara	around 1543–1627	Italian religious, surgeon and founder of several hospitals	Duke Francesco Maria II della Rovere
	William Gilbert	1544-1603	English doctor and physicist	Elizabeth I and James I of England
	Johannes Mathesius	1544-1607	Professor of medicine in Wittenberg, city physician of Danzig	Duke Barnim X of Pomerania
	Helisäus Röslin	1545-1616	City physicus von Haguenau , astrologer, chronologist and geographer	Count Palatine Georg Johann I of Pfalz-Veldenz
	Johannes Pistorius the Younger	1546-1608	Doctor, historian and theologian	Margraves of Baden-Durlach
	Godefridus Steeghius	1550-1609	Dutch medic	Würzburg Prince-Bishop Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn , Emperor Rudolph II in Prague
	Hermann Neuwalt	1550-1611	Medical professor at the University of Helmstedt	Count of Oldenburg
	Peter Monau	1551-1588	Specialist in stomatology	Emperor Rudolf II
	Franz Hildesheim	1551-1613	Medic, historian and poet	Elector Johann Georg of Brandenburg
	William Paddy	1554-1634	English medic	Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury , Elizabeth I and James I of England
	Wilhelm Fabry	1560-1634	Surgeon and founder of scientific surgery	Margrave Georg Friedrich of Baden-Durlach
	Adriaan van Roomen	1561-1615	Physician and mathematician, from Leuven	Prince-Bishop Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn von Würzburg
	Thomas Finck	1561-1656	Mathematician and physician	Duke Philip of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf
	Peter de Spina II.	1563-1622	Medical professor in Heidelberg	Elector Friedrich IV of the Palatinate
	Johann Bacmeister the Elder	1563-1631	University professor in Rostock	Duke Ulrich of Mecklenburg-Güstrow
	Jan Jessenius	1566-1621	Slovak politician, philosopher and medicin	Elector Christian II of Saxony and Emperor Rudolf II.
	Johannes Hartmann	1568-1631	Doctor and mathematician, rector of the University of Marburg	Landgrave Moritz von Hessen-Kassel
	Martin Ruland the Younger	1569-1611	German doctor and alchemist, founder of chemiatry	Emperor Rudolf II
	Henning Scheunemann	around 1570 - around 1615	German doctor (medical theorist) and alchemist	Prince-Bishop Johann Philipp von Gebsattel in Bamberg
	Johannes Sturm	1570-1625	German physician and logician	Duke Philipp Julius of Pomerania
	Joachim Oelhaf	1570-1630	Anatom and city physician in Danzig	King Sigismund III. Wasa
	Paul Weinhart	1570-1648	Plague doctor in Innsbruck	Archduke Maximilian III. from Austria
	Johannes Fabri	1571-1620	Physician and professor at the University of Tübingen	Personal physician to the Dukes of Württemberg
	Hippolytus Guarinoni	1571-1654	Abbey doctor in Hall in Tirol	Archduchesses Eleonore and Maria Christina ; Family Weinhart zu Thierburg and Volandsegg
	Daniel Sennert	1572-1637	Doctor and pioneer of iatrochemistry	Elector Johann Georg I of Saxony
	Théodore Turquet de Mayerne	1573-1655	Geneva physician	Henry IV of France and James I of England
	Jakub Horčický z Tepence	1575-1622	Bohemian doctor, pharmacist and chemist	Emperor Rudolf II
	Henning Arnisaeus	1575-1636	German doctor, philosopher and politician and well-known Reich journalist	King Christian IV of Denmark and Norway
	Angelo Sala	1576-1637	Field doctor and scientist, professor in Rostock	Duke Anton Günther von Oldenburg , Count Ernst von Holstein-Schaumburg , Duke Johann Albrecht II of Mecklenburg-Güstrow and Duke Gustav Adolf of Mecklenburg-Güstrow
	Petrus Kirstenius	1577-1640	German-Swedish doctor and philologist	Queen Christina of Sweden
	Gregor Horstius	1578-1636	German physician and anatomist	Landgrave Ludwig V of Hesse-Darmstadt
	William Harvey	1578-1657	English doctor and anatomist, discoverer of the blood circulation	Queen Elizabeth I of England
	Sebastian Schobinger	1579-1652	Swiss doctor and mayor of St. Gallen	later Emperor Matthias and the prince abbots Bernhard Müller and Pius Reher
	Matthew Bacmeister	1580-1626	City physicus of Lüneburg	Duke August von Sachsen-Lauenburg and King Friedrich III. from Denmark and Norway
	Johann Friday	1581-1641	Doctor and philosopher	Prince-Bishop Philipp Sigismund of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
	Johannes Gigas	1582-1637	Medic, physicist, mathematician and cartographer	Elector Ferdinand of Bavaria
	Donatus von Freywaldt	1586-1640	Professor in Giessen	Archbishop of Cologne Ernst of Bavaria (1554–1612) , King Christian IV of Denmark and Norway and Emperor Matthias
	Theophraste Renaudot	1586-1653	French doctor and philanthropist	King Louis VIII of France
	Adrian von Mynsicht	around 1588–1638	Doctor and chymiatrist in Mecklenburg	Duke Julius Ernst of Braunschweig and Lüneburg , Duke Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
	Johann Heinrich Meibom	1590-1655	German doctor and professor at the University of Helmstedt , City Physician of Lübeck	Bishop of Lübeck
	Peter de Spina III.	1592-1655	Medical professor in Heidelberg	Landgrave Georg II of Hesse-Darmstadt
	William Davison	1593-1669	Scottish doctor, chemist and biologist	Louis XIII and John II Casimir
	Marin Cureau de la Chambre	1594-1669	French writer, philosopher and medicin	King Louis XIV
	Heinrich II. Erndel	1595-1646	Bavarian doctor in Bohemia and Saxony	Count Kinsky; the administrator of Magdeburg; Wilhelm Graf von Chynistz and Tödtau; Elector Johann Georg I.
	Johannes Marcus Marci	1595-1667	Bohemian doctor, philosopher and scientist	Emperor Ferdinand III. and Leopold I.
	Élie Bédé des Fougerais	1599-1667	French doctor at the royal court	Liselotte of the Palatinate
	Carl Bardili	1600-1647	Medical professor and rector in Tübingen	Duke Eberhard III. of Württemberg
	Giovanni Battista Seni	1600-1656	Italian astrologer and medic	Duke and General Wallenstein
	Johann Schröder	1600-1664	Field doctor and city physician in Frankfurt	Landgrave of the Hessian Court

1601 to 1700

image	Name of the personal physician	Life dates	position	Supervised person (s)
	Paul Moth	1600-1670	Danish doctor	Personal physician at the Danish royal house and for Friedrich III.
	Michael Engelhardt	1601 - after 1684	librarian	Landgraves of Hesse-Braubach, Landgraves of Hesse-Kassel
	Albert Menzel	† 1632	Medical professor in Ingolstadt	Duke Wolfgang Wilhelm of Pfalz-Neuburg
	Christoph Otto Oesler	1602-1657	Medical professor in Greifswald	Duke Friedrich III. from Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf
	Simon Pauli the Younger	1603-1680	University Professor of Anatomy, Surgery, and Botany in Copenhagen	Danish royal family
	Jacob Tappe	1603-1680	University professor for medicine at the University of Helmstedt	Duke August II of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
	Christoph Tinctorius	1604-1662	German physician and university professor in Königsberg	Electoral Brandenburg personal physician.
	Martin way	1605-1693	General practitioner in Berlin	Electors Georg Wilhelm , Friedrich Wilhelm and Friedrich III. of Brandenburg
	Johannes Michaelis	1606-1667	Medical professor and chemist in Leipzig	Duke Friedrich Wilhelm II of Saxe-Altenburg and Elector Friedrich Wilhelm II of Saxe-Altenburg
	Hermann Conring	1606-1681	Danish doctor and councilor	Queen Christina of Sweden
	Johann Caspar Bauhin	1606-1685	Swiss doctor and botanist	Personal physician to the Dukes of Württemberg and Baden
	Adam Friday	1608-1650	Polish war builder and medic	Prince Janusz Radziwiłł
	Franciscus Chemnitz	1609-1656	German medic and senior military doctor in the Swedish army	Field Marshal Carl Gustav Wrangel
	Johann Helwig	1609-1674	Nuremberg poet and doctor	Bishops of Regensburg
	Johann Michael Fehr	1610-1688	Physician and co-founder of the Leopoldina	Emperor Leopold I.
	Willem Piso	1611-1678	Dutch medic and botanist	Count Johann Moritz von Nassau-Siegen
	Gottfried Möbius	1611-1664	Medical professor and rector of the University of Jena	Elector Friedrich Wilhelm of Brandenburg and Duke Wilhelm of Saxe-Weimar
	François Blondel	1613-1703	Belgian spa and spa doctor	Elector Philipp Christoph von Sötern
	Charles Scarborough	1615-1693	British doctor and mathematician	Charles II of England and James II of England
	Joel Langelott	1617-1680	Medic and alchemist	Duke Friedrich III. von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf and his son Christian Albrecht von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf
	Georg Faber	1618-1632	Medic and travel diary writer	Landgrave Philip III. from Hessen-Butzbach
	Laurentius Blumentrost the Elder	1619-1705	German physician and founder of the State Pharmacy Office in Moscow	Alexei I of Russia
	Caspar March	1619-1677	German physician, mathematician and astronomer	Elector Friedrich Wilhelm of Brandenburg
	Georg Handel	1622-1697	Barber and surgeon, court surgeon	Duke Johann Adolf I of Saxony Weißenfels
	Christian Mentzel	1622-1701	Doctor, botanist and sinologist	Elector Friedrich Wilhelm of Brandenburg
	Paul II Weinhart	1622-1710	Archducal Council, since 1665 "Wesensmedicus" in Tyrol and the foothills	Ezherzog Leopold V von Habsburg and his son Sigismund Franz
	Sigemund Klose	1623-1702	Mediciners	Margraves Friedrich V , Friedrich VI. , Friedrich VII. Magnus
	Michael Heinrich Horn	1623-1681	Physician and chemist, pioneer of chemistry at the University of Leipzig	Elector Johann Georg II of Saxony
	Johann Sigismund Elsholtz	1623-1688	Naturalist, alchemist and medicin	Elector Friedrich Wilhelm of Brandenburg
	Angelus Silesius	1624-1677	Doctor, poet and theologian	Duke Silvius Nimrod of Württemberg-Oels
	Johann Bacmeister the Younger	1624-1686	Physician and Rector of the University of Rostock	Duke Johann Georg of Mecklenburg
	Paul Sorbait	1624-1691	Franco-Belgian plague doctor, rhetorician, musician	Dowager Emperor Eleonora Magdalena Gonzaga of Mantua-Nevers
	Conrad Thulemeyer	1625-1683	City physician of Bremen	Landgrave Wilhelm VI. from Hessen-Kassel
	Kaspar Weinhart	1626-1692	Mediciners	Ezherzog Leopold V von Habsburg and his son Sigismund Franz
	Johann Matthäus Faber	1626-1702	City physician of Heilbronn	Dukes of the House of Württemberg-Neuenstadt
	Marcello Malpighi	1628-1694	Italian anatomist and plant anatomist	Pope Innocent XII.
	Nicolaus Wilhelm Beckers	1630-1705	Medic from Walhorn , then the Spanish Netherlands	Emperor Joseph I and Charles VI.
	Johann Friedrich Schweitzer	1630-1709	also known as Johann Friedrich Helvétius , advocate of alchemy	Prince Wilhelm III. of Orange
	Nicolaus Steno	1638-1686	Danish anatomist and geologist	Grand Duke Ferdinando II de 'Medici
	Guy-Crescent Fagon	1638-1718	French doctor and botanist	King Louis XIV of France
	Henry III. Erndel	1638-1693	Doctor, city physician from Dresden , son of Heinrich Erndel (1595–1646), father of Christian Heinrich Erndel (1676–1734)	Elector Johann Georg III. and Johann Georg IV. , Prince Johann Georg of Saxony, Prince Friedrich August of Saxony
	Johann Pfeiffer	1639-1684	German medic	Russian court in Gera
	Elias Rudolf Camerarius	1641-1695	Medical professor in Tübingen	Ducal family of Württemberg
	Georg Franck of Franckenau	1644-1704	Medicines and botanists	Elector Karl I. Ludwig of the Palatinate
	Johann Nikolaus Pechlin	1646-1706	German-Dutch doctor and prince educator	Duke Christian Albrecht of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf
	Cornelius Bontekoe (Cornelius Dekker)	1647-1685	Dutch medic, introduced coffee, tea and chocolate at court	Elector Friedrich Wilhelm of Brandenburg
	Jan Abraham from Gehema	1647-1715	Heraldist and doctor	Duke Gustav Adolf of Mecklenburg
	Johann Helfrich Jüngken	1648-1726	Stadtphysicus in Frankfurt am Main	Personal physician to the Counts of Erbach
	Engelbert Kaempfer	1651-1716	Doctor and explorer	Simon Heinrich zur Lippe
	Benjamin Scharff	1651-1702	City physicus in Sondershausen	Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen Christian Wilhelm (Schwarzburg-Sondershausen)
	Johann Doläus	1651-1707	Ducal Nassau court doctor	Albertine Agnes von Orange-Nassau and Karl von Hessen-Kassel
	Christian father	1651-1732	Professor of Medicine at the University of Wittenberg	Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst
	Johann Philipp Förtsch	1652-1732	Composer, statesman and medic	Prince-Bishop August Friedrich of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf
	Wilhelm Homberg	1652-1715	German naturalist and doctor	Duke Philippe II de Bourbon, duc d'Orléans
	Tobias Kohen	1652-1729	German-Polish doctor and writer	Tatar prince Selim Girig Khan and the sultans Mehmed IV , Suleiman II , Ahmed II , Mustafa II and Ahmed III.
	Bernhard Friedrich Albinus	1653-1721	German medic	Electors Friedrich Wilhelm of Brandenburg and Friedrich III. of Prussia
	Johann Konrad Brunner	1653-1727	Swiss doctor	Personal physician of the Electors of the Palatinate Johann Wilhelm and Karl III. Philip
	Ferdinand Karl Weinhart	1654-1716	University professor Innsbruck	Emperor Joseph I.
	Giovanni Maria Lancisi	1654-1720	Italian physician and naturalist	Pope Innocent XI.
	Christian Knaut	1656-1716	Doctor, botanist and librarian	Prince Emanuel Lebrecht of Anhalt-Koethen
	Nikolaes Heinsius the Younger	1656-1718	Dutch writer and doctor	Queen Christine of Sweden
	Johann Adam Osiander	1659-1708	German professor of medicine and physics	Duke Friedrich Karl of Württemberg-Winnental
	Georg Ernst Stahl	1659-1734	Chemist , metallurgist and doctor	King Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia
	Eberhard Bacmeister	1659-1742	Government and Consistorial Council	Christine Charlotte von Württemberg , Christian Eberhard von Ostfriesland , Georg Albrecht von Ostfriesland
	Konrad Barthold Behrens	1660-1736	Doctor and historian	Duke Anton Ulrich of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
	Friedrich Hoffmann	1660-1742	German medic	King Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia
	Pierre Seignette	1660-1719	French doctor and pharmacist	Louis XIV
	Friedrich Gottfried Glück	1662-1707	Stadtphysicus von Güstrow	Duke Gustav Adolf of Mecklenburg
	Johann Carl Spies	1663-1729	Professor of Psychology and Anatomy at the University of Helmstedt	Duke August Wilhelm of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
	Siegmund Hahn	1664-1742	Stadtphysicus von Schweidnitz, founder of hydrotherapy	Polish heir to the throne Jakob Louis Heinrich Sobieski
	Daniel Nebel	1664-1733	Physicians, pharmacists and botanists	Landgrave Karl of Hesse and Elector Karl Philipp of the Palatinate
	Johann Heinrich Cohausen	1665-1750	Medic and satirical writer	Prince-Bishops Franz Arnold von Wolff-Metternich zur Gracht and Clemens August von Bayern
	Johann Conrad Barchusen	1666-1723	Pharmacists, chemists and medical professionals	Doge of Venice and fleet commander Francesco Morosini
	Johann Georg Steigerthal	1666-1740	Professor of Medicine in Helmstedt and member of the Royal Society of London	King George I of Great Britain
	John Arbuthnot	1667-1735	Scottish doctor, mathematician and writer	Queen Anne of Great Britain
	Andreas von Gundelsheimer	1668-1715	Doctor, botanist and explorer	King Friedrich I of Prussia and Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia
	Georg Detharding	1671-1747	Professor of Medicine in Rostock and Copenhagen	Ducal family of Mecklenburg
	James Douglas	1675-1742	Anatomist, surgeon, obstetrician	Queen Anne of Great Britain
	Johann Samuel Carl	1676-1757	Württemberg doctor	King Christian VI from Denmark and Norway
	Christian Heinrich Erndel	1676-1734	Doctor and botanist in Dresden and Warsaw, son of Heinrich Erndel (1638–1693)	King of Poland and Elector of Saxony August II, the Strong of Poland
	Robert Erskine	1674-1719	Scottish medic and President of the Russian Academy of Sciences	Peter the Great
	Johann Heinrich von Heucher	1677-1746	Scientist and doctor	Elector and King August II, the Strong of Poland
	Brandan Meibom	1678-1740	Professor of Pathology, Semiotics and Botany at the University of Helmstedt	Dukes of Wolfenbüttel
	Johann Georg rabbit nest	1688-1771	City physician of Ansbach	Personal physician to the Princes of Ansbach
	Joachim Daniel von Jauch	1688-1754	Doctor, engineer officer , architect and builder	King August III. from Poland
	Johannes de Gorter	1689-1762	Dutch city doctor of Harderwijk and professor at the University of Harderwijk	Empress Elisabeth of Russia
	Johann Theodor Eller	1689-1760	Prussian military doctor and chemist	King Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia and Friedrich I of Prussia
	Laurentius Blumentrost the Younger	1692-1755	German-Russian physician, co-founder of the Russian Academy of Sciences	Peter the Great
	Jean-Baptiste Sénac	1693-1770	French medic and cardiologist	King Louis XV
	Georg Gottlob Richter	1694-1773	German professor of medicine	Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf and Prince-Bishop Adolf Friedrich of Sweden
	François Quesnay	1694-1774	Doctor and economist	Louis XV and Madame de Pompadour
	Daniel Triller	1695-1782	German medic and writer	Hereditary Prince Karl of Nassau-Usingen
	Johann Friedrich Ermel	1696-1764	Court doctor at the Dresden court	Elector Friedrich August II.
	Wilhelm Bernhard Nebel	1699-1748	Physicist and doctor, smallpox specialist	Elector Karl Philipp of the Palatinate and Elector Karl Theodor of the Palatinate and Bavaria
	Paul Gottlieb Werlhof	1699-1767	Doctor and poet	Royal court in Hanover
	Gerard van Swieten	1700-1772	Dutch-Austrian medic	Empress Maria Theresa of Austria

1701 to 1800

image	Name of the personal physician	Life dates	position	Supervised person (s)
	Anton de Haen	1704-1776	Austro-Dutch physician, fever researcher	Empress Maria Theresa of Austria
	Heinrich Lolhöffel von Löwensprung	1705-1763	Polish councilor and doctor	King August III. from Poland
	Carl Friedrich Kaltschmied	1706-1769	Professor of anatomy, surgery and botany at the University of Jena	Duke of Saxe-Weimar
	Nils Rosén from Rosenstein	1706-1773	Swedish anatomist and botanist and rector of Uppsala University	King Frederick of Sweden
	Carl von Linné	1707-1778	Swedish scientist and medicin	King Adolf Friedrich of Sweden
	Albrecht von Haller	1708-1777	Swiss physician, botanist and science journalist	King George II of Great Britain
	Johann Gottfried Brendel	1712-1758	Professor of Medicine at the University of Göttingen	Landgrave Wilhelm VIII of Hesse-Kassel
	Philipp Adolph Böhmer	1711-1789	Professor of Anatomy	King Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia
	Johann Leberecht Schmucker	1712-1786	Military doctor , surgeon and specialist author	King Frederick the Great of Prussia
	Abraham Back	1713-1795	Swedish medic	Kings Friedrich of Sweden and Adolf Friedrich of Sweden
	Wilhelm Mac Neven O'Kelly from Aghrim	1713 or 1714-1787	Doctor and Director of Studies at the Faculty of Medicine at Charles University in Prague	Maria Theresa
	Johann Christian Anton Theden	1714-1797	Prussian natural scientist , military doctor, surgeon and specialist book author	King Frederick the Great of Prussia
	Louis Guillaume Le Monnier	1717-1799	French botanist and mycologist	King Louis XV
	Kasimir Christoph Schmidel	1718-1792	Erlangen doctor and botanist	Margrave Karl Alexander of Brandenburg-Ansbach
	Johann Christian Hebenstreit	1720-1795	Doctor and botanist	Count and Ataman Kirill Razumovsky
	Christoph Ludwig Hoffmann	1721-1807	Physician and philosopher, inventor of an opto-mechanical telegraph	Elector of Cologne and Bishop of Munster
	Johann Christian Wilhelm Verpoorten	1721-1792	Medic and councilor	Karl zu Mecklenburg and Adolf Friedrich IV. Von Mecklenburg
	Johann Carl Wilhelm Moehsen	1722-1795	Physician and member of the Berlin Enlightenment and the Secret Berlin Wednesday Society	King Frederick the Great
	Jean-François Cap (p) eron	1722 (?) - 1763	dentist	King Louis XV
	Johann Just von Berger	1723-1791	German-Danish doctor	Christian VII of Denmark and Norway
	Johann Georg hop gardener	1724-1796	Mediciners	Duke Carl Eugen of Württemberg
	Polycarp Friedrich von Leyser	1724-1795	German physician and Royal British Councilor	Princess Caroline Mathilde of Great Britain, Ireland and Hanover
	Johann Georg Roederer	1726-1763	Gynecologist at the University of Göttingen	King George II of Great Britain
	Johann Georg Zimmermann	1728-1795	Swiss doctor, philosopher and writer	King George III from Hanover
	Giovanni Alessandro Brambilla	1728-1800	Italian doctor and surgeon	Emperor Joseph II
	Noël Martin Joseph de Necker	1730-1793	Franco-German doctor and botanist	Elector of the Palatinate
	Anton von Störck	1731-1803	Austrian doctor and university professor	Empress Maria Theresa of Austria
	Joseph of Quarin	1733-1814	Austrian doctor and medical adviser	Imperial family
	Paul Joseph Barthez	1734-1806	French medic and Chancellor of the Sorbonne	Duke of Orléans
	Peter Wilhelm Josef de Gynetti	1735-1804	Medic and privy councilor	Electorates of Cologne
	Johann Friedrich Struensee	1737-1772	German doctor and minister at the Danish court	King ChristianVI. from Denmark and Norway
	Wilhelm Bernhard Trommsdorff	1738-1782	Physicians, chemists, pharmacists and botanists	Governor Karl Theodor von Dalberg
	Ernst Gottfried Baldinger	1738-1804	Medical professor in Göttingen	Landgrave Friedrich II of Hesse-Kassel
	Joseph-Ignace Guillotin	1738-1814	French doctor and politician, inventor of the guillotine	French royal family
	Friedrich von Wendt	1738-1818	Medical doctor and molecular biologist	Princely house of Anhalt
	Christian Friedrich von Jäger	1739-1808	Medicines and naturalists	Duke Carl Eugen of Württemberg and King Friedrich I of Württemberg
	Heinrich August Wrisberg	1739-1808	Gynecologist and director at the University of Göttingen	Princely house Nassau-Weilberg
	Peter Ludolph Spangenberg	1740-1794	German physician and university professor.	Friedrich von Mecklenburg and Louise Friederike von Württemberg
	Maximilian Stoll	1742-1787	German-Austrian doctor, head of the Vienna clinic	Prince Wenzel Anton Kaunitz
	Melchior Adam Weikard	1742-1803	Doctor and philosopher	Prince-Bishop Heinrich von Bibra and Karl Theodor von Dalberg and Tsar Paul of Russia
	Urban Bruun Aaskow	1742-1806	Danish medic	Queen Juliane Marie of Denmark
	August Gottlieb Richter	1742-1812	Surgeon and author	King George III from Hanover
	Johan Rudolph Deiman	1743-1808	German-Dutch physician and chemist	King Louis Napoléon of Holland
	James Nooth	1743-1814	English surgeon	Duke of Kent
	Philipp Fischer	1744-1800	University professor in Ingolstadt and medical advisor	Elector Maximilian III. Joseph of Bavaria
	Moritz Gerhard Thilenius	1745-1808	German doctor and balneologist	Duke Friedrich August of Nassau-Usingen
	Johann Peter Frank	1745-1821	Doctor and founder of public hygiene	Tsar Alexander I of Russia
	Joseph Barth	1746-1818	Austrian full professor for anatomy and ophthalmology at the University of Vienna	Emperor Joseph II
	Johann Christoph Andreas Mayer	1747-1801	German anatomist and botanist	King Frederick the Great
	Marcus heart	1747-1803	Doctor and philosopher	Prince of Waldeck
	Félix Vicq d'Azyr	1748-1794	Neuroanatom	Marie Antoinette
	Christian Gottlieb Selle	1748-1800	Berlin physician and philosopher	King Frederick the Great
	Christian Ehrenfried Weigel	1748-1831	German physician, botanist and chemist	Swedish royal family
	Franz Joseph von Besnard	1749-1814	Doctor, medical councilor, specialist book author	King Max I Joseph of Bavaria
	Christoph Casimir Lerche	1749-1825	General Staff Doctor	Emperor Alexander I.
	Johann Goercke	1750-1822	Military doctor, surgeon and specialist author, founder and rector of the Pépinière Military Doctor Academy	King Frederick the Great of Prussia
	Johann David Schoepf	1752-1800	Doctor, botanist, zoologist and naturalist	Margrave Karl Alexander of Brandenburg-Ansbach
	Johann Friedrich Ernst Albrecht	1752-1814	Doctor and writer	Count family Manteuffel
	Johann Hubertus	1752-1828	Surgeon and medical officer , member of the Josephinum	Archduke Karl of Austria-Teschen
	Albrecht Daniel Thaer	1752-1828	Doctor and founder of agricultural science	King George III of the United Kingdom
	Philipp Jacob Piderit	1753-1817	Doctors in Kassel	Elector Wilhelm I of Hesse-Kassel
	Johann Christian Stark the Elder	1753-1811	German gynecologist and psychiatrist	Duchess Anna Amalia von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel , Duke Karl August von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller
	Carl Ferdinand Suadicani	1753-1824	Schleswig-Holstein doctor and psychiatrist	Duke Friedrich Christian von Augustenburg and the Danish royal family
	Justus Christian Loder	1753-1832	Anatomist and surgeon	Tsar Alexander I of Russia
	Christoph Friedrich Hellwag	1754-1835	Urban and rural physicist of Eutin	Grand Duke Peter I of Oldenburg
	Bernhard Christoph Faust	1755-1842	German physician and founder of solar engineering	Princess Juliane of Hessen-Philippsthal
	Samuel Hahnemann	1755-1843	Founder of homeopathy	Empress Maria Theresa of Austria and Duke Ferdinand Friedrich von Anhalt-Koethen
	Jean-Nicolas Corvisart	1755-1821	French medic	Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte
	Johann Christian Reil	1759-1813	Medical professor in Halle (Saale) and Berlin	Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
	Bernhard Joseph von Hartz	1760-1829	Doctor, royal Bavarian secret council	King Max I Joseph of Bavaria
	Andreas Joseph von Stifft	1760-1836	Austrian physician and Viennese city physician	Emperor Franz II
	Georg von Wedekind	1761-1831	Doctor and revolutionary, co-founder of the Mainz Republic	Elector Friedrich Karl Joseph von Erthal
	Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland	1762-1836	Representative of vitalism and founder of macrobiotics	royal family of Friedrich Wilhelm III. of Prussia
	Joachim Dietrich Brandis	1762-1845	German doctor and pharmacist	Queen of Denmark Maria von Hessen-Kassel
	Wilhelm Friedrich Domeier	1763-1815	Hanoverian court doctor	Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent and Strathearn and Augustus Frederick, 1st Duke of Sussex
	Johann Valentin Hildenbrand	1763-1818	Austrian medic	Counts of Mniszek
	Wilhelm Heinrich Reichenbach	1763-1843	German doctor and surgeon	Duke Friedrich Eugen of Württemberg
	Leopold Anton Gölis	1764-1827	Austrian pediatrician and medical council	Crown Prince Napoleon Franz Bonaparte
	Alexandre-Urbain Yvan	1765-1839	French surgeon	Personal surgeon Napoleon Bonapartes
	Dominique Jean Larrey	1766-1842	French military doctor and surgeon	Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte
	Johann Goldfinch	1767-1840	Judeo-Christian director of the Hanover Medical School	Royal family in Hanover
	Johann Wilhelm von Wiebel	1767-1847	Prussian Secret Medical Council	King Friedrich Wilhelm IV.
	Jean-Louis Alibert	1768-1837	French doctor and founder of dermatology in France	King Louis XVIII
	Astley Paston Cooper	1768-1841	English surgeon and surgeon	King George IV and Queen Victoria
	James Wylie	1768-1854	Russian military doctor of Scottish origin	Russian tsars Paul I, Alexander I and Nicholas I.
	Christian Johann Klett	1770-1823	City physician of Heilbronn	Counts of Erbach
	Friedrich Ludwig Kreysig	1770-1839	Medic, botanist and musicologist	King August of Saxony
	Johann Hermann Becker	1770-1848	Bath doctor in Doberan	Grand Ducal Family of Mecklenburg
	Konrad Joseph Kilian	1771-1811	natural philosophical doctor	Alexander I (Russia) (1810-1811)
	Friedrich August Lehr	1771-1831	Senior Medical Councilor of the Nassau State Government	Duke Wilhelm I of Nassau
	Franz Wirer von Rettenbach	1771-1844	Professor at the Medical University of Vienna and Rector of the University of Vienna	Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria-Hungary
	Luigi Rolando	1773-1831	Italian anatomist and physiologist	Family of King Vittorio Emanuele I.
	Ferdinand Franz von Hessert	1774-1839	Doctor, surgeon, professor	Grand Duke Ludwig I of Hesse and the Rhine
	Johann Nepomuk Rust	1775-1840	Secret medical councilor and head of the Charité	King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia
	Johann Malfatti	1775-1859	Italian-Austrian medic	Archduke Karl of Austria-Teschen
	Karl Joseph Ringelmann	1776-1854	Surgeon , professor of oral and dental diseases , personal dentist	Maximilian I. Joseph (Bavaria)
	Johann Heinrich Kopp	1777-1858	Doctor and natural scientist, founder of the Wettau Society for Natural History	Elector of Hesse
	Carl Bernhard Trinius	1778-1844	Doctor, poet and botanist	Tsar Alexander II of Russia
	Christoph Hartung	1779-1853	Austrian physician and homeopath	Field Marshal Graf v. Radetzky and Empress Marie-Louise of Austria
	Ludwig Friedrich von Froriep	1779-1847	Anatomist, surgeon and publisher	King Friedrich I of Württemberg
	Johann Nepomuk von Raimann	1780-1847	Austrian physician and pathologist	Emperor Franz II and Emperor Ferdinand I.
	Carl Hohnbaum	1780-1855	German doctor and publicist	Duke Friedrich of Saxe-Altenburg
	Martin Hinrich Lichtenstein	1780-1857	Doctor, researcher and zoologist	Governor of the Cape of Good Hope
	Heinrich von Martius	1781-1831	Personal physician to Russian princes	Prince Wolchonsky, Prince Trubezkoi , Prince Dolgoruki , Count Alexei Kyrillowitsch Rasumowski
	Philipp Franz von Walther	1782-1849	Surgeon and ophthalmologist	King Ludwig I of Bavaria
	Ludwig Levin Jacobson	1783-1843	Danish-Jewish medic, regimental surgeon	Royal family
	David Ferdinand Koreff	1783-1851	Writer and physician	King Friedrich Wilhelm III. of Prussia and State Chancellor Karl August von Hardenberg
	Joseph Liboschitz	1783-1824	Lithuanian doctor and naturalist	Alexander I of Russia
	Friedrich Jäger from Jaxtthal	1784-1871	Austrian ophthalmologist	Prince Klemens Wenzel Lothar von Metternich
	Johann Nepomuk von Ringseis	1785-1880	Medical professor in Munich	Crown Prince Ludwig I of Bavaria
	Johann Karl Ruppius	1786-1866	Anatomy professor in Gotha	Duke Friedrich of Saxe-Altenburg
	Franz Reisinger	1787-1855	Surgeon and university professor in Erlangen	Elector Clemens Wenceslaus of Saxony
	Christian Friedrich von Stockmar	1787-1863	Military doctor and statesman	Prince Leopold von Coburg , who later became King of Belgium
	Ioannis Kolettis	before 1788-1847	Greek politician and doctor	Ottoman Pasha Tepedelenli
	Carl Gustav Carus	1789-1869	Gynecologist, pathologist , psychologist , painter and natural philosopher	Kings Anton of Saxony and Friedrich August II of Saxony
	Wilhelm of Ludwig	1790-1865	Medical professor in Tübingen, specialist in smallpox diseases	King Wilhelm I of Württemberg
	Louis Joseph Seutin	1793-1862	Belgian doctor and surgeon	King Leopold I of Belgium
	Johann Lukas Schönlein	1793-1864	German doctors from Bamberg	King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia
	John Polidori	1795-1821	English writer and doctor	Poet Lord George Gordon Byron
	Henri-Christophe Rieken	1797-1875	German-Belgian doctor and civil servant	Leopold I , King of the Belgians
	Karl Piderit	1797-1876	Physician and founder of the state hospital in Detmold	Princely Lippe personal physician
	Carl Vogel	1798-1864	secret councilor and ducal personal physician in Weimar	Carl August and Carl Friedrich von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach as well as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
	John Milton Bernhisel	1799-1881	American politician and medical professional	Mormon leader Joseph Smith
	Harry von Haurowitz	1799-1882	Ship's doctor and inspector general of medical services in the Russian Navy	Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolajewitsch Romanow
	Clemens August Alertz	1800-1866	Military surgeon in Bonn and district physician in Aachen	Pope Pius IX
	Friedrich Daniel Erhard	1800-1879	Coroners , district and spa doctor	Prince Karl zu Leiningen

1801 to 1900

image	Name of the personal physician	Life dates	position	Supervised person (s)
	Dominic John Corrigan	1802-1880	Irish doctor	Queen Victoria
	Franz Xaver von Gietl	1803-1888	Director of the municipal hospital on the left of the Isar, typhus and cholera specialist	Crown Prince Maximilian II Joseph of Bavaria
	Heinrich Gottfried Grimm	1804-1884	Prussian general staff doctor	King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia and Wilhelm I of Germany
	Carl von Bloedau	1804-1886	Sonderhausen surgeon and privy councilor	Prince Günther Friedrich Carl II. (Schwarzburg-Sondershausen)
	Josef von Wurzian	1806-1858	Austrian military doctor	Field Marshal Josef Wenzel Radetzky von Radetz
	Johann Heinrich Ferdinand Autenrieth	1808-1835	Professor at the University of Tübingen , founder of the University Hospital Tübingen	King Wilhelm I of Württemberg
	Gustav von Lauer	1808-1889	Prussian general staff doctor	Kaiser Wilhelm I.
	Josef von Löschner	1809-1888	Balneologist	Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria-Hungary
	Max Joseph Schleiss von Löwenfeld	1809-1897	doctor	Ludwig II (Bavaria)
	Karl Ewald Hasse	1810-1902	Professor of Pathology	Count Stroganov
	Carl Gerster	1813-1892	Doctor, homeopath and co-founder of the German Singers Association	Prince Carl von Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg
	William Gull	1816-1890	British medic	English royal family
	Edward Sieveking	1816-1904	English medic and founder of a children's hospital	King Edward VII and Queen Victoria
	Wilhelm Griesinger	1817-1868	German psychiatrist and internist	King Abbas I Pasha of Egypt
	Jakob Eduard Polak	1818-1891	Austrian doctor and ethnographer , founder of modern medicine in Persia	Shah Naser ad-Din
	Karl Aberle	1818-1892	Austrian physician and co-founder of the Carolino-Augusteum Museum and the Society for Salzburg Regional Studies	German Empress Karolina Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
	Erhard Hartung from Hartungen	1819-1893	Austrian physician and homeopath	King George V of Hanover
	Felix von Niemeyer	1820-1871	Doctor and founder of the Medical Society of Magdeburg	Württemberg royal house
	Thomas Wiltberger Evans	1823-1897	Personal dentist	Napoleon III , Dentist of the French imperial family
	Friedrich Wilhelm Beneke	1824-1882	Professor of Anatomy and Pathology in Marburg	Grand Duke of Oldenburg
	Hugo Stöhr	1830-1901	German gynecologist and bath doctor	Prince Adolf von Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg
	Gerhard Rohlfs	1831-1896	Doctor and Africa explorer	Sultan Sidi Muhammad IV
	Sergei Petrovich Botkin	1832-1889	Russian doctor, pioneer in the field of medical practice and training in Russia	Tsars Alexander II and Alexander III. from Russia
	Gustav Nachtigal	1834-1885	Africa explorer and physician	Beys at the court of Tunis
	Alfred Fiedler	1835-1921	Pathologist and internist, head of the Surgical Medical Academy Dresden	Saxon royal family
	Emil Ludwig Schmidt	1837-1906	Anthropologist and ethnologist	Industrialist Alfred Krupp
	Joseph Bell	1837-1911	Scottish pediatrician, surgeon and military doctor, pioneer of forensics	Queen Victoria
	Samuel Siegfried Karl von Basch	1837-1905	Jewish pathologist and physiologist	Archduke Maximilian I of Mexico
	Ludwig Mayer	1839-1878	Surgeon and ear specialist	Duke of Bavaria
	Eduard Albert	1841-1900	Bohemian-Austrian surgeon and translator	Country President Eduard Taaffe and Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria-Hungary
	Nuur ud-Din	1841-1914	Physician, theologian and Caliphate ul-Massih	Maharajas
	Joseph von Kerzl	1841-1919	Austrian officer and medicine	Emperor Franz Joseph I.
	Vladan Đorđević	1844-1930	Serbian doctor, author and prime minister	Prince Milan I of Serbia
	Thomas Barlow	1845-1945	British professor of paediatrics and internal medicine	Queen Victoria , King Edward VII and George V.
	Berthold von Fetzer	1846-1931	Doctors and general practitioners à la suite	Karl and Wilhelm II of Württemberg
	Erwin Balz	1849-1913	Internist and anthropologist, co-founder of modern medicine in Japan	Imperial Family of Japan
	Ottmar von Angerer	1850-1918	Surgeon and general practitioner	Prince Luitpold of Bavaria and King Ludwig III. from Bavaria
	William A. Sturge	1850-1919	English doctor and archaeologist	Queen Victoria
	Friedrich Martius	1850-1923	German internist	Grand Duke Friedrich Wilhelm II of Saxony-Altenburg
	Ernst Schweninger	1850-1924	Doctor and medical historian	Chancellor Otto von Bismarck
	Themistocles Gluck	1853-1942	German-Romanian surgeon	King Charles I of Romania
	Gustav Adolf Balthasar von Hößlin	1854-1925	General Practitioner	King Ludwig III. from Bavaria
	Franz Paul Hoferer	1854-1939	Kgl. Bavarian Councilor	Luitpold of Bavaria and Ludwig III. from Bavaria
	Axel Munthe	1857-1949	Swedish doctor and author	Queen Victoria
	Friedrich von Ilberg	1858-1916	Prussian general and military doctor	Kaiser Wilhelm II
	Leonard Wood	1860-1927	Military Doctor and Governor General of the Philippines	US Presidents Grover Cleveland and William McKinley
	Victor Eisenmenger	1864-1932	Austrian medic	Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria-Hungary
	Yevgeny Sergeyevich Botkin	1865-1918	Russian medic, specialist in hemophilia	Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and his family
	Paul Sotier	1876-1950	German physician and medical council	Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany in his exile in Doorn
	Cary Travers Grayson	1878-1938	American rear admiral and medical doctor	Presidents Theodore Roosevelt , William Howard Taft and Woodrow Wilson
	Hugo Blaschke	1881-1959	Dentist , brigade leader and major general of the Waffen SS , personal dentist	Adolf Hitler
	Charles Wilson, 1st Baron Moran	1882-1977	British medic and President of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh	Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill
	Theo Morell	1886-1948	urologist	Adolf Hitler
	Carltheo Zeitschel	1893-1945	Doctor, National Socialist and diplomat	Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany in exile at Doorner
	Karl Gebhardt	1897-1948	Free corps fighter and surgeon	Reich Minister Heinrich Himmler
	Max Schur	1897-1969	Ukrainian doctor and psychoanalyst	Sigmund Freud
	José María Cañadas Bueno	1897-1975	Spanish gynecologist and anatomist	Prince Albert I of Monaco
	Felix Kersten	1898-1960	Medic and masseur	Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler

From 1901

image	Name of the personal physician	Life dates	position	Supervised person (s)
	Karl Brandt	1904-1948	German surgeon	Adolf Hitler
	Wilhelm Foellmer	1908-2007	German gynecologist	Fatima el-Sharif , Queen of Libya
	Medhat Sheikh el-Ard	1920-2001	Saudi Arabian medic and diplomat	King Saud ibn Abd al-Aziz
	Li Zhisui	1920-1995	Doctor and Mao biographer	Chinese President Mao Tse Tung
	Tendzin Chodrag	1922-2001	Tibetan doctor and author	14th Dalai Lama
	Renato Buzzonetti	* 1924	Director of Health and Hygiene of the Vatican City State	Pope John Paul II
	Max-Hermann Hörder	1925-1996	Internist, tropical medicine specialist and hematologist; Chief physician at the Bethesda Hospital in Ulm	Saudi Arabian King Saud ibn Abd al-Aziz and family
	Alfred Bonnici	* 1934	Maltese medic, Nationalist Party politician	Prime Minister Ġorġ Borg Olivier
	Tom Waddell	1937-1987	American doctor, Olympian and activist for gay and lesbian equality	Saudi royal family
	Jürgen Austenat	* 1940 †	Internist, chief physician in the government hospital of the GDR	Prime Minister GDR Willi Stoph
	Ibrahim Abdel Sattar al-Basri	* 1942	Doctor; after Saddam's death also politician and party founder	Iraqi President Saddam Hussein
	Conrad Murray	* 1953	American cardiologist	Pop singer Michael Jackson
	Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow	* 1957	Turkmen dentist and politician, head of state and government of Turkmenistan	Head of State Saparmyrat Nyýazow
	Ronny L. Jackson	* 1967	American doctor and former rear admiral	US Presidents Barack Obama and Donald Trump

Individual evidence

1. ^ Gundolf Keil : Gallus of Prague. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil, Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 454.
2. ↑ Gundolf Keil: Peter von Ulm the Elder. In: Werner E. Gerabek, Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil, Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 1129.
3. ^ Gundolf Keil : Burkhard von Horneck. In: Werner E. Gerabek et al. (Ed.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 222.
4. ^ The Albertine personal physicians before 1700 and their relationships with physicians and pharmacies. by Andreas Lesser - Michael Imhof Verlag - Petersberg - 2015, ISBN 978-3-7319-0285-0 , p. 47.
5. ^ The Albertine personal physicians before 1700 and their relationships with physicians and pharmacies. by Andreas Lesser - Michael Imhof Verlag - Petersberg - 2015, ISBN 978-3-7319-0285-0 , p. 261.
6. ↑ Funeral sermon for Heinrich Erndel from file no. 4067 of inventory 20532 Rittergut Rötha with Trachenau, Saxon State Archives Leipzig
7. ^ The Albertine personal physicians before 1700 and their relationships with physicians and pharmacies. by Andreas Lesser - Michael Imhof Verlag - Petersberg - 2015, ISBN 978-3-7319-0285-0 .
8. ^ Walter Hoffmann-Axthelm : The history of dentistry. 2nd, expanded edition. Quintessenz, Berlin 1985, pp. 237 and 248.