Sauber motorsport

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Surname	Alfa Romeo Racing Orlen
Companies	Sauber Motorsport AG
Company headquarters	Hinwil , Switzerland
Team boss	Frédéric Vasseur
Technical Director	Jan Monchaux
2020 season
driver	(7) Kimi Raikkonen (99) Antonio Giovinazzi
Test driver	Robert Kubica
chassis	Alfa Romeo Racing C39
engine	Ferrari 1.6 V6 Turbo
tires	Pirelli
statistics
First Grand Prix	South Africa 1993
Race driven	419
Constructors' championship	Best placement: 4th ( 2001 )
Drivers World Championship	Best placement: 8th (2001)
Race wins	0
Pole positions	0
Fastest laps	3
Position 2019	8. (57 points)
Points	616
(As of: Spanish Grand Prix 2020)

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Sauber Motorsport is a Swiss automobile racing team based in Hinwil in the Zurich Oberland , the 1982 bis of 1991 in the Group C of the FIA - World Sportscar Championship started and is currently in the Formula 1 World Championship is engaged. The history of the team founded by Peter Sauber is strongly shaped by various partnerships with large companies. Until the 1990s there was a close relationship with Daimler-Benz , which also enabled the team to advance to Formula 1. From 2006 to 2009the automobile manufacturer BMW was the majority owner of the racing team, which competed as the BMW Sauber F1 Team during this time . In 2016 the team was taken over by the Swiss investment company Longbow Finance AG and transferred to Islero Investments AG in 2018 . Due to a partnership with the Fiat group , it is currently competing in Formula 1 under the sponsorship name Alfa Romeo Racing Orlen and with Ferrari engines. In 2020 , the 2007 world champion Kimi Raikkonen , who made his Formula 1 debut with Sauber in 2001, and the Italian Antonio Giovinazzi will be regular drivers for Sauber.

Sports car world championship

Sauber C9 sports car

The team was founded in 1970 by Peter Sauber as PP Sauber AG to build sports cars. A short time later, Sauber also offered services for passenger cars to secure the company's financial security. From 1982, Sauber took part in Group C of the World Sports Car Championship. The team had its greatest successes in 1989 and 1990: with the Frenchman Jean-Louis Schlesser , it won both the driver's and the constructor's world title in both years. In 1989 , Sauber won the Le Mans 24 Hours with the C9 with a Mercedes engine . The drivers were Stanley Dickens , Manuel Reuter and Jochen Mass . The team's junior school from 1990 and 1991 is also legendary: both the later seven-time Formula 1 world champion Michael Schumacher and the Grand Prix winner Heinz-Harald Frentzen and the later FIA GT world champion Karl Wendlinger joined the team Well trained.

Clean in Formula 1

The Mercedes Era (1993 and 1994)

When the sports car racing series experienced its decline at the end of 1992, Peter Sauber had already decided to enter Formula 1. The long-term engine partner Mercedes-Benz initially held back, but indirectly supported the team through a cooperation agreement with Ilmor in Brixworth .

1993

Sauber C12 from 1993

Sauber entered the 1993 Formula 1 season with a “concept by Mercedes-Benz” sticker and signed Karl Wendlinger and JJ Lehto . The Sauber C12, the team's debut car, was a conventionally designed racing car designed by Harvey Postlethwaite in 1992 and detailed by Leo Ress . The engines designed by Ilmor were called the Sauber 2175. From the 1993 Italian Grand Prix , a B version was available that had a shorter stroke and slightly more power.

The debut in Kyalami , South Africa was successful: Lehto finished 5th and received two world championship points. The best results were two fourth places for Lehto in Imola and Karl Wendlinger in Monza . The low point of the debut season was the Monaco Grand Prix , at which both Sauber drivers collided. Wendlinger then dropped out while Lehto's car had to be repaired in the pits for several minutes. At the end of the season, Sauber finished 7th in the constructors' championship with twelve points.

1994

This respectable success encouraged Mercedes sports director Norbert Haug to officially support the team as an engine supplier. JJ Lehto switched to Benetton-Ford and Mercedes-Youngster Heinz-Harald Frentzen joined the team. Karl Wendlinger kept his cockpit. During training for the Monaco Grand Prix , Wendlinger had a serious accident, was in a coma for a long time and was replaced by Andrea de Cesaris for the following races . During the season, the sponsor broker got out, so that the team was temporarily facing bankruptcy. It was only shortly before the French Grand Prix that two new donors were found with Swiss Timing and Sonax . JJ Lehto returned to Sauber for the last two races in Suzuka and Adelaide . Nevertheless, the season was just as successful as in the debut year: Sauber drivers won twelve championship points (seven of which went to Frentzen, four to Wendlinger and one to De Cesaris), which meant eighth place in the constructors' championship.

On October 28, 1994, McLaren and Mercedes-Benz announced their collaboration from the 1995 Formula 1 season . The Stuttgart-based car manufacturer parted ways with its long-standing partner team, the Sauber, which had to look for a new engine partner at short notice for the following season.

The Ford Era (1995 and 1996)

After the surprising separation from Mercedes in November 1994, Sauber succeeded in entering into a two-year partnership with the British engine manufacturer Cosworth. Cosworth had supplied Benetton as a preferred customer with eight-cylinder engines from 1987 to 1994 and, because Benetton switched to Renault at the end of the 1994 season, he was looking for a new partner. The original attempt to form an alliance with the Jordan Grand Prix was unsuccessful because Eddie Jordan's team took over the Peugeot engines for 1995 that had previously been driven by McLaren. With Ford, Red Bull also joined Sauber as a sponsor and remained the team's main sponsor until 2000.

1995

Heinz-Harald Frentzen in a Sauber C14 at the 1995 British Grand Prix

In 1995, Sauber exclusively received the Ford Zytec R eight-cylinder, which had been used at Benetton in 1994 and helped Michael Schumacher win the drivers' world championship there. Due to the regulations, this eight-cylinder block had to be reduced from 3.5 to 3.0 liters displacement for 1995. The engine, known in-house as the Cosworth ECA, did not harmonize with the Sauber C14 , which Leo Ress had designed in late summer 1994 to accommodate the significantly lighter Mercedes engine. Because the decision in favor of the Cosworth engine was made late, the Sauber engineers were only able to superficially adapt the C14 to the Zytek R engine. This adversely affected the balance, which was described as erratic; in addition, the aerodynamics of the C14 were not efficient. In 1995, with the Cosworth eight-cylinder, Sauber could not build on the successes that Benetton had achieved the previous year with the original EC version. Third place for Heinz-Harald Frentzens at the Italian Grand Prix , when he finished third behind Johnny Herbert and Mika Häkkinen , was the first podium in the team's history and also the best result of the year. Frentzen was fourth again, fifth twice and sixth four times. His team-mate Karl Wendlinger did not even finish in six races, Wendlinger's substitute Jean-Christophe Boullion only finished in the points twice in eleven races. His best result was fifth place in Germany . At the end of the year, Sauber finished seventh in the constructors 'championship with 18 points, while Frentzen was ninth in the drivers' world championship.

1996

Heinz-Harald Frentzen in a Sauber C15 at the San Marino Grand Prix

In the 1996 season, Sauber received newly designed ten-cylinder engines from Cosworth, which were referred to in the factory as Cosworth JD , but again carried the marketing name Zetec-R in public. With them, in 1996, Sauber could not build on the success of the previous year. The cars were too susceptible to defects and slow, the engines too weak. Nevertheless, it was only Frentzen's lack of patience that prevented the greatest success in team history: At the Monaco Grand Prix , many top drivers were canceled in difficult weather conditions, the German Sauber driver battled Ferrari driver Eddie Irvine for third position at half time . After a long blockade by the Northern Irish, the faster Frentzen ran out of patience and pulled off the front wing at the rear of the Ferrari. Since the mishap happened at the end of the start-finish straight, he had to cover a full lap at a slower pace to the pit and lost a lot of time. The drivers positioned in front of Frentzen at the time of the accident all dropped out in the further course of the race, so that team boss Sauber rightly mourned the missed premiere victory after the race. Overall, Sauber achieved only 11 points this season, of which Frentzen accounted for two fourth places and one sixth place. The remaining four points were contributed by Johnny Herbert , who was able to achieve the second podium finish for the team in third place on his only finish in the points scoring in Monaco.

In 1997 , Sauber lost its engine partner again. Ford moved as a factory partner to the newly founded team of the former world champion Jackie Stewart , who had good relations with the US automobile company. Peter Sauber could have bought Ford engines, but, like Tyrrell , would only have received engines from the previous year and therefore decided on a different route.

The Ferrari Era (1997-2005)

Sauber C18 from 1999

Sauber convinced its Malaysian sponsor Petronas to take over the leasing fee for Ferrari engines, which promised to be more competitive. Petronas agreed on the condition that the engines run under their own name - the Petronas 3.0 V10 was born. The partnership between Sauber and the Malaysian petrochemicals group lasted until 2005, but brought hardly any successes with it. Four third places in nine years were the team's best results. The close connection to Ferrari brought Sauber the reputation of the small sister team of the traditional Italian racing team, which played the majority procurer in the event of difficult opinion-finding processes among the teams.

Sauber C21 from 2002

Sauber C22 from 2003 ( Heinz-Harald Frentzen )

Sauber C24 from 2005 ( Jacques Villeneuve )

In addition to changing the engine partner, Sauber also had to replace Heinz-Harald Frentzen, who had switched to Williams , for the 1997 season . Nicola Larini , Gianni Morbidelli and Norberto Fontana took his place in the course of the year . However, all three drivers were not very consistent, so that in the end Johnny Herbert scored 15 out of 16 points for the team, once again finishing third in Hungary and again bringing the team some respect. After that, however, after the biggest change in the regulations in recent years, the introduction of grooved tires and a reduction in vehicle width , the team fell back into the lower midfield in early 1998 . In 1998, Jean Alesi , who had just joined the team, was able to reach nine points and another third place in Belgium, but Johnny Herbert disappointed this season and only got one point at the season opener in Melbourne. Also in 1999 and 2000 hardly countable results were recorded and the points yield was meager: in 1999 Alesi and Pedro Diniz only achieved five points together, all of which dropped to sixth place. A year later the team stagnated further; Diniz didn't score a single point and only Mika Salo , who had joined Prost for Alesi , was able to score a total of six points. As the best result of the season, he achieved two fifth places.

Sponsor Red Bull cut his engagement drastically and switched to Arrows because the Austrian-sponsored driver Enrique Bernoldi did not get a cockpit. Instead, Peter Sauber put the unknown newcomer Kimi Räikkönen in the car and 2001 was the best year in the team's history. Together with Nick Heidfeld , who made his debut at Prost last year without any points, the Finn collected 21 World Championship points. In addition, Heidfeld was once again able to achieve third place for the team in Brazil . These results ensured fourth place in the final rating of the designers. This level was not reached again afterwards, although in 2002 Sauber once again demonstrated a knack for talented drivers with the engagement of the future Ferrari driver and vice world champion Felipe Massa for Raikkonen, who had already switched to McLaren after only one season, and finally Heinz-Harald Frentzen in 2003 after several successful ones , but recently returned to the team for changeable years and the Grand Prix winner Giancarlo Fisichella and the former world champion Jacques Villeneuve also drove for the team at times. The Sauber drivers had to compete in particular with the drivers of the strengthening teams BAR , Renault , Jaguar and Toyota , who achieved more consistent results from 2002 and competed with Sauber for the place behind the top teams Ferrari, McLaren and Williams. The last major success of this time was Frentzen's third place at the 2003 US Grand Prix. At the end of 2004 , the partnership with Red Bull ended for good, as the Austrians have been participating in the Formula 1 World Championship with their own team since the following season . In interviews, Sauber made it increasingly clear that he envisaged the entry of an automobile factory as a shareholder in his team in order to secure its future in the long term.

BMW Sauber (2006-2009)

→ Main article : BMW Sauber F1

On January 1, 2006, BMW took over the majority of the racing team with 80 percent of the shares and thus founded the BMW Sauber F1 Team , under whose name the team took part in the Formula 1 World Championship from then on. The Hinwil location was retained and a large part of the Sauber workforce was taken over. Peter Sauber kept the rest of the team and acted as a consultant to the BMW works team for the four years. BMW Motorsport Director Mario Theissen was in charge of operational management .

Return from Sauber (since 2010)

On July 29, 2009, BMW announced the exit from Formula 1 at the end of the 2009 racing season . After the failed attempt to sell the team to a foundation allegedly based in Switzerland called Qadbak Investments Ltd, BMW finally announced on November 27, 2009 that Peter Sauber would buy back the team - on the condition that the team had a place in the formula -1 field that was vacated by the exit of the Toyota team .

On December 3, 2009, the Sauber team officially got 13th place on the grid for the 2010 Formula 1 World Championship , but initially remained registered as the BMW Sauber F1 Team . An official name change was only requested during the season. Sauber hired the previous Toyota replacement driver Kamui Kobayashi and Pedro de la Rosa , who was born in Barcelona ( Spain ) and who had been a test and reserve driver at McLaren the year before, as drivers . In September 2010, however, de la Rosa was replaced by Nick Heidfeld for the last five races .

2010

Sauber C29 from 2010 ( Pedro de la Rosa )

Sauber competed in the 2010 season with the C29 model . The vehicle was developed under the direction of Willy Rampf in the BMW era . However, as in the years up to 2005, the engine and transmission were sourced from Ferrari. The vehicle was not without problems in the first third of the season; above all the reliability of the technology was not assured. In the first six races of the year Kobayashi and de la Rosa only crossed the finish line once. Things improved in April 2010 when James Key took over technical management of the racing team and the car was redesigned. Since then, the Sauber have made it into the points more or less regularly. At the end of the season, the team placed eighth in the constructors' championship with 44 points. Of the 44 points, Kobayashi got 32, de la Rosa and Heidfeld six points each.

2011

Sauber C30 from 2011 ( Kamui Kobayashi )

Sergio Pérez at the 2011 Spanish Grand Prix

For 2011 , the team signed a new driver, Sergio Pérez , who brought along some Mexican sponsors. The team's vehicle was named the C30 and was developed by James Key. Like the vehicle the year before, the C30 was powered by a Ferrari engine.

At the season opener in Australia , Pérez and Kobayashi finished in seventh and eighth. However, both were disqualified after the race because their rear wings were constructed against the rules. In the following nine races up to the German Grand Prix , the Sauber drivers regularly finished in the points with one exception. A major reason for the success in the first half of the year was the low tire wear of the C30, which enabled the team to use flexible tactics.

In qualifying for the Monaco Grand Prix , Pérez had a serious accident. At the exit of the tunnel he lost control of his vehicle, turned and hit the side wall of the harbor chicane. The event was reminiscent of Karl Wendlinger's accident, who had an accident in the same place in 1994 and was seriously injured. Pérez suffered a concussion and a sprain in his thigh. He had to cancel the start in Monaco. At the following Grand Prix in Canada Pérez took part in the first free practice. After that, however, he complained of nausea and was replaced by Pedro de la Rosa for the rest of the race weekend . From the following race in Valencia , Pérez drove regularly for Sauber again.

From the middle of the season, the competitiveness of the Sauber C30 decreased. Kobayashi increasingly complained that the car's basic speed was insufficient. In the six world championship races from the Hungarian Grand Prix to the race in Korea , the Sauber only achieved points twice and only scored five points. In October 2011, Sauber then fell back to seventh place in the constructors' championship, with the lead over Scuderia Toro Rosso shrinking to three points.

2012

2012 Malaysian Grand Prix: Pérez finished second behind Alonso in the Ferrari

2012 was the most successful season for the team since it was again taken over by Peter Sauber. During the season, Sauber was fifth in the constructors' championship for a while and ended the year in sixth with 126 points.

The year brought some personnel and structural changes. In January 2012, James Key, the designer of the new Sauber C31 , left the team. After his departure, a team of employees who had been with Sauber for a long time took over this task. Since then, responsibility for the construction and further development of the cars has been shared by Matt Morris (chief designer), Willem Toet (head of aerodynamics), Pierre Waché (group leader for vehicle performance, vehicle dynamics and simulation) and Giampaolo Dall'Ara (chief engineer at the racetrack). At the end of 2012, Peter Sauber stated that this structure had proven itself and that his team would continue to work without a technical director in 2013. In the course of the year, Peter Sauber also gradually withdrew. In the spring he transferred a third of the team shares to Monisha Kaltenborn , who had been running the business of Sauber Motorsport AG since 2010. In autumn 2012, Kaltenborn took over the operational side of the team.

From a sporting point of view, Sauber retained last year's driver pairing for 2012. With the C31, Pérez took second place behind Fernando Alonso in the second race of the season in Malaysia and in the 13th race of the season in Italy - the best race result ever achieved by Sauber Motorsport in Formula 1.

2013

Clean C32

In the 2013 season , Sauber competed with Nico Hülkenberg and Esteban Gutiérrez . The insert chassis was the Sauber C32 , designed under the direction of Matt Morris , which was powered by a Ferrari engine. The departure of Pierre Waché resulted in a change in the team management. He was succeeded by Ben Waterhouse.

In the first half of the 2013 season, the team could not build on the successes of the previous year. Gutiérrez crossed the finish line outside of the points in the first nine races of the year. Hülkenberg, who qualified for 11th place in the opening race, was unable to take part in the Australian Grand Prix . Due to a technical problem with the fuel supply, Sauber withdrew his car before the start for safety reasons. By the middle of the season, Hülkenberg reached three tenth and one eighth place. This put Sauber in eighth place in the constructors' championship after the German Grand Prix . The second half of the season was much more successful for the team thanks to the new Pirelli tires. From the Hungarian Grand Prix, Sauber consolidated his position in midfield and achieved his best individual result of the season with Hulkenberg's fourth place at the Korean Grand Prix . Sauber achieved the best team result at the Japanese Grand Prix , in which Hülkenberg was sixth and Gutiérrez seventh.

During the 2013 season, the team ran into economic difficulties. In July, Peter Sauber confirmed that the racing team had not been able to pay its suppliers for a few months; there are outstanding debts of around one million euros, which have repeatedly led to foreclosures . In July, the previous chief designer Morris left the team. Shortly afterwards, Sauber team boss Monisha Kaltenborn announced that with the Investment Corporation International Fund , the State Fund of Development of Nortwest Russian Federation and the International Institute of Aviation Technologies, three new Russian sponsors would join Sauber.

2014

Adrian Sutil in the Sauber C33 at the 2014 Monaco Grand Prix

In the 2014 Formula 1 season , Sauber competed with Adrian Sutil and Esteban Gutiérrez . The Russian racing driver Sergei Sirotkin initially did not receive a cockpit, contrary to original announcements. The emergency vehicle was the Sauber C33 . As in previous years, Sauber purchased the engines and transmissions from Ferrari. The collaboration with Ferrari also included the Energy Recovery System (ERS), which was used for the first time at the beginning of this season .

In 2014 the sporting difficulties of Saubers continued. The team experienced the "worst crisis in its history": At the end of the season, Sauber had not scored any world championship points. In the constructors' championship, the team was even behind the much smaller Marussia racing team . The main reason for the team's poor performance was the Sauber C33, which, according to Adrian Sutil, lacked the necessary basic speed. In addition, there were repeated problems in the area of ​​drive technology.

The economic problems of Saubers also increased. Monisha Kaltenborn attributed this on the one hand to the fact that as a result of the political crisis in Ukraine in 2014 and the subsequent economic sanctions against Russia, the sponsorship funds agreed in the previous year had not reached the team as expected. On the other hand, she criticized the unequal distribution of income from the marketing of Formula 1, which the strong teams prefer. After the competing teams Caterham and Marussia had become insolvent in October 2014 and had ceased racing, Kaltenborn intensified their demand for a restructuring of the distribution system. According to some reports, Sauber and the equally troubled Lotus and Force India teams threatened to boycott the race in Austin, Texas, ahead of the US Grand Prix . Bernie Ecclestone , responsible for marketing Formula 1 , who had previously seen no need for changes, then publicly stated that he believed the current distribution of revenue to be flawed. However, there was no short-term solution.

2015

Contractual difficulties at the beginning of the season

Giedo van der Garde: Contract with Sauber, but no start

For the 2015 season , Sauber responded to the economic problems by hiring two drivers who brought sponsorship money to the team. In addition to the former Caterham driver Marcus Ericsson , debutant Felipe Nasr became a regular driver. Nasr brought the Banco do Brasil with him as a sponsor.

Immediately before the first race of the season, there were legal disputes with Giedo van der Garde , who had been a test driver for Sauber the previous year. According to his own information, he also had a valid contract with Sauber as a driver for the 2015 season. The team had a corresponding option in their test driver contract on June 28, 2014 and received sponsorship money of 13 million euros. At the beginning of March 2015, Van der Garde obtained an order from an arbitration tribunal in Switzerland, according to which Sauber “must refrain from any action which has the effect that Mr. van der Garde cannot assert his claim in the Formula 1 season To be able to participate in 2015 as one of the two racing drivers named by Sauber. Regardless of this, Sauber traveled to Australia with Nasr and Ericsson for the first race of the season. Van der Garde then filed an urgent application to the Supreme Court of the Australian state of Victoria in the week leading up to the Grand Prix to obtain a racing cockpit for the Australian Grand Prix . The first instance trial took place on March 9, 2015. Sauber's lawyer argued that a van der Garde mission would "result in an irresponsible risk, including bodily harm and even death." On March 11, 2015, the court ruled that the contract between van der Garde and Sauber and van der was effective Guard the cockpit. This applies to the entire season and not just to the race in Australia. Sauber appealed the verdict, which was rejected on March 12, 2015. After there had been reports of an impending confiscation of the team material and the arrest of the team boss, Sauber and van der Garde reached a temporary agreement before the start of qualifying training, which included van der Garde's waiver of participation in the race in Australia. Sauber then took part in qualifying training with Ericsson and Nasr. In the week after the race it became known that the contract between Sauber and van der Garde had been terminated and that van der Garde had received a compensation payment of 15 million euros.

Even Adrian Sutil had a valid contract but declined as a race driver for the 2015 season, to the initiation of legal action. In March 2015 it was also announced that Jules Bianchi , who had been in a coma since an accident at the 2014 Japanese Grand Prix, had also signed a contract with the team as a driver for the 2015 Formula 1 World Championship.

Sporting development

Painted in the colors of Banco do Brasil: Sauber C34

In the 2015 season, Sauber competed with the C34 developed under the direction of Eric Gandelin . The engine and transmission came from Ferrari. The financial burdens resulting from the legal dispute with Van der Garde limited development work over the course of the season. In terms of sport, the team made progress compared to the previous year. Already in the first race of the season, both drivers finished in the points; it was the first double point win since Japan 2013 . Nasr's fifth place in Australia was the team's best result in a year and a half. In the course of the season the Sauber came in the points in half of all races; the opening result was not achieved again. In 2015, Sauber scored a total of 36 points and finished eighth in the constructors' championship. The team benefited from the weakness of the traditional racing team McLaren, which had to struggle with inefficient and unreliable Honda engines, and the British competitor Manor , which was experiencing a transition season after a bankruptcy in 2014 and an improvised restart with last year's cars and engines . Both McLaren and Manor remained behind Sauber in the constructors' championship, with Sauber's lead over the ninth-placed McLaren team just nine points. Seventh-place racing team Toro Rosso had 31 points more than Sauber.

2016

Clean C35

Felipe Nasr and Marcus Ericsson at the 2016 Bahrain Grand Prix

In the 2016 Formula 1 World Championship , Sauber competed with the same driver pairing and with the C35 , which was a further development of last year's model. Sauber continued to use the drive technology from Ferrari, whereby the team, like the newly founded racing team Haas , but unlike Toro Rosso, purchased engines that were state of the art.

In 2016, Sauber suffered from considerable economic difficulties, which impaired the preparation for the season and also had an impact on racing. Sauber was the only team to contest only one of the two test weeks before the start of the season and only fielded the previous year's vehicle there; In addition, for financial reasons, Sauber skipped the test drives in Barcelona in mid-May. In February, March, April and May 2016, Sauber was unable to pay employees' salaries on time. The payment of the March salaries and participation in the Chinese Grand Prix was only possible because a Swedish sponsor close to Ericsson paid an advance. The management has been negotiating the sale of the racing team since the beginning of the season.

On July 20, 2016, the team announced the takeover of all shares in Sauber Holding by the Swiss investment company Longbow Finance SA . Kaltenborn continued to function as managing director and team leader of the Formula 1 team, Peter Sauber left the company as part of the takeover. His successor as Chairman of the Sauber Holding was Pascal Picci , President and Managing Director of Longbow Finance. According to media research, the investment company is associated with the Tetra Laval Group, which has also been financially supporting the career of Formula 1 driver Marcus Ericsson for years, but without appearing in public.

From a technical point of view, the vehicles have hardly been further developed since the start of the season. In the eighth race of the season, the European Grand Prix , Nasr was still driving the engine that was already used in the opening race in Australia. The engine had far exceeded its normal running time and could only be driven with reduced power. This had a particular effect on the top speeds.

In the races of 2016, Sauber was the weakest of the three Ferrari customer teams. At the Monaco Grand Prix both Sauber drivers collided with each other. In the second half of the race, the team management asked Nasr by radio to let Ericsson, who was behind him, pass after the Sainte Devote . Nasr did not obey. Ericsson attacked Nasr in the Rascasse and collided with him. Both drivers gave up the race shortly afterwards after a repair stop. As a penalty for causing this collision, Ericsson was relegated three starting positions in the following race and also received two penalty points. After Manor had scored the first World Championship point at the Austrian Grand Prix , Sauber was now the only team with no points in the intermediate standings to slip to last place in the constructors' championship. It was not until the penultimate race of the season in Brazil , which took an exceptional course with numerous weather-related safety car phases and two interruptions, that Sauber scored two championship points. Nasr, who had meanwhile moved up to sixth place, finally crossed the finish line in ninth place. No further points were added in the last race of the season. The team finished the season in front of Manor in tenth place in the constructors' championship. At the end of this season, the support of the previous sponsor Banco do Brasil ended.

2017

The Sauber C36 during tests before the start of the season in Barcelona (Ericsson)

Ericsson stayed with Sauber in 2017 , his new team-mate will be Pascal Wehrlein . The still financially weak team did not compete with current ones this year, but for the first time since the introduction of the 1.6-liter turbo engines with engines from Ferrari from last year. This step was justified by the fact that in the course of the change in the regulations for this season the vehicle had to be almost completely redeveloped and the engineers only had reliable values ​​for this development for the unit from the previous year with regard to dimensions, installation, cooling requirements and heat fields of the engine. The Sauber C36 was thus one of the weakest motorized vehicles of the season.

At the season opener in Australia , Ericsson dropped out due to a technical defect. Pascal Wehrlein, who had a serious accident at the Race of Champions before the start of the season, did not compete for health reasons; he was replaced at short notice by Ferrari test driver Antonio Giovinazzi , who was the first Italian in a Formula 1 cockpit since 2011 ( Vitantonio Liuzzi at HRT ). Giovinazzi finished the race two laps behind, second to last, in 12th place. At the Bahrain Grand Prix , Wehrlein took over the second Sauber. In Spain he crossed the finish line in eighth place and scored the first championship points of the year for the racing team, which then overtook the McLaren team with no points in the intermediate classification of the constructors' championship.

On June 21, 2017, Sauber separated from team boss Kaltenborn, and from the Azerbaijan Grand Prix , Beat Zehnder and Jörg Zander took over the management of the team on a temporary basis. On July 17, 2017, Frédéric Vasseur took over the position of team manager.

2018

With Alfa Romeo logo: Sauber C37 at the 2018 Austrian Grand Prix

Starting with the 2018 season , Sauber entered into a partnership with the Milan-based car manufacturer Alfa Romeo , which was planned over several years . The team was named Alfa Romeo Sauber F1 Team in 2018 and competed with Ferrari engines.

Contrary to initial plans from spring 2017, when Sauber had announced a future engine partnership with Honda , the team also competed with Ferrari engines in 2018. Unlike in 2017, however, Sauber received engines of the latest expansion stage. Charles Leclerc and Marcus Ericsson became regular drivers in 2018 . Leclerc had his team-mates under control and, after starting difficulties in the first three races, regularly finished in the points. At the end of the year, Sauber finished eighth in the Constructors' Championship with 48 points, clearly ahead of Toro Rosso (33 points) and Williams (7 points).

Alfa Romeo Racing

Alfa Romeo C38

The team has been running as Alfa Romeo Racing since the 2019 season . The name Sauber is omitted from the registration designation, although the operating company is still called Sauber Motorsport AG. Alfa Romeo has been title sponsor and namesake ever since; although they had not taken over any shares in Sauber when they changed their name. There is no relationship to Alfa Romeo's earlier Formula 1 engagements , which were operated by its own works team or via Autodelta ( 1979 to 1982 ) or Euroracing ( 1983 to 1985 ).

2019

Kimi Räikkönen returned to the Swiss racing team in 2019 and became a teammate of Antonio Giovinazzi . Leclerc switched to Ferrari, Ericsson was test and reserve driver. After regular scores until the summer break, you fell back a bit. Shortly beforehand, both drivers were penalized for 30 seconds after the race in Germany because the clutches in both vehicles were objected to. As a result, the team lost the 10 points that Raikkonen had previously scored in seventh and Giovinazzi in eighth. In the second half of the season there were only a few points at first. At the turbulent Grand Prix in Brazil , fourth (Räikkönen) and fifth (Giovinazzi) achieved their best result of the season, somewhat surprisingly. At the end of the season, the team finished eighth overall with 57 points. In the drivers' standings, Raikkonen was twelfth with 43 points. Giovinazzi finished 17th overall with 14 points.

2020

Also in 2020 form Raikkonen and Giovinazzi the driver duo. After the sixth race, the team is currently in eighth place in the constructors' championship with two points.

Numbers and dates

Statistics in Formula 1

Status: 2020 Spanish Grand Prix

season	Team name	chassis	engine	tires	Grand Prix	Victories	Second	Third	Poles	nice Round	Points	World Cup rank
1993	Team Sauber AG	Clean C12	Ilmor 3.5 V10	G	16	-	-	-	-	-	12	7th
1994	Broker Sauber Mercedes	Clean C13	Mercedes-Benz 3.5 V10	G	15th	-	-	-	-	-	12	8th.
1995	Red Bull Sauber Ford	Clean C14	Ford Zetec-R 3.0 V8	G	17th	-	-	1	-	-	18th	7th
1996	Red Bull Sauber Ford	Clean C15	Ford Zetec-R 3.0 V10	G	16	-	-	1	-	-	11	7th
1997	Red Bull Sauber Petronas	Clean C16	Petronas 3.0 V10	G	17th	-	-	1	-	-	16	7th
1998	Clean Red Bull Petronas	Clean C17	Petronas 3.0 V10	G	16	-	-	1	-	-	10	6th
1999	Red Bull Sauber Petronas	Clean C18	Petronas 3.0 V10	B.	16	-	-	-	-	-	5	8th.
2000	Red Bull Sauber Petronas	Clean C19	Petronas 3.0 V10	B.	16	-	-	-	-	-	6th	8th.
2001	Red Bull Sauber Petronas	Clean C20	Petronas 01A 3.0 V10	B.	17th	-	-	1	-	-	21st	4th
2002	Clean Petronas	Clean C21	Petronas 02A 3.0 V10	B.	17th	-	-	-	-	-	11	5.
2003	Clean Petronas	Clean C22	Petronas 03A 3.0 V10	B.	16	-	-	1	-	-	19th	6th
2004	Clean Petronas	Clean C23	Petronas 04A 3.0 V10	B.	18th	-	-	-	-	-	34	6th
2005	Clean Petronas	Clean C24	Petronas 05A 3.0 V10	M.	18th	-	-	-	-	-	20th	8th.
2010	BMW Sauber F1 Team	Clean C29	Ferrari 2.4 V8	B.	19th	-	-	-	-	-	44	8th.
2011	Sauber F1 Team	Clean C30	Ferrari 2.4 V8	P	19th	-	-	-	-	-	44	7th
2012	Sauber F1 Team	Clean C31	Ferrari 2.4 V8	P	20th	-	2	2	-	2	126	6th
2013	Sauber F1 Team	Clean C32	Ferrari 2.4 V8	P	19th	-	-	-	-	1	57	7th
2014	Sauber F1 Team	Clean C33	Ferrari 1.6 V6 Turbo	P	19th	-	-	-	-	-	0	10.
2015	Sauber F1 Team	Clean C34	Ferrari 1.6 V6 Turbo	P	19th	-	-	-	-	-	36	8th.
2016	Sauber F1 Team	Clean C35	Ferrari 1.6 V6 Turbo	P	21st	-	-	-	-	-	2	10.
2017	Sauber F1 Team	Clean C36	Ferrari 1.6 V6 Turbo	P	20th	-	-	-	-	-	5	10.
2018	Alfa Romeo Sauber F1 Team	Clean C37	Ferrari 1.6 V6 Turbo	P	21st	-	-	-	-	-	48	8th.
2019	Alfa Romeo Racing	Alfa Romeo C38	Ferrari 1.6 V6 Turbo	P	21st	-	-	-	-	-	57	8th.
2020	Alfa Romeo Racing Orlen	Alfa Romeo C39	Ferrari 1.6 V6 Turbo	P	6th	-	-	-	-	-	2	8th.
total					419	-	2	8th	-	3	616

All drivers of the Sauber team in Formula 1

Peter Sauber (2004)

Status: 2020 Spanish Grand Prix

Surname	Years	Grand Prix	Points	Victories	Second	Third	Poles	nice Round	best WM-Pos.
Marcus Ericsson	2015-2018	81	18th	-	-	-	-	-	17. ( 2018 )
Heinz-Harald Frentzen	1994-1996 2002-2003	65	42	-	-	2	-	-	9th ( 1995 )
Kamui Kobayashi	2010–2012	58	122	-	-	1	-	1	12. ( 2010 , 2011 , 2012 )
Nick Heidfeld	2001-2003 2010	55	31	-	-	1	-	-	8. ( 2001 )
Felipe Massa	2002 2004-2005	52	27	-	-	-	-	-	12. ( 2004 )
Johnny Herbert	1996-1998	49	20th	-	-	2	-	-	10. ( 1997 )
Kimi Raikkonen	2001, 2019–	44	52	-	-	-	-	-	10. ( 2001 )
Felipe Nasr	2015-2016	39	29	-	-	-	-	-	13. ( 2015 )
Esteban Gutiérrez	2013-2014	38	6th	-	-	-	-	1	16. ( 2013 )
Sergio Perez	2011–2012	36	80	-	2	1	-	1	10. ( 2012 )
Jean Alesi	1998-1999	32	11	-	-	1	-	-	11th ( 1998 )
Pedro Diniz	1999-2000	32	3	-	-	-	-	-	14th ( 1999 )
Antonio Giovinazzi	2017, 2019–	29	16	-	-	-	-	-	17th ( 2019
Karl Wendlinger	1993-1995	25th	11	-	-	-	-	-	12. ( 1993 ))
Charles Leclerc	2018	21st	39	-	-	-	-	-	13. ( 2018 )
Adrian Sutil	2014	19th	0	-	-	-	-	-	18th ( 2014 )
Giancarlo Fisichella	2004	18th	22nd	-	-	-	-	-	11. ( 2004 )
Nico Hulkenberg	2013	18th	51	-	-	-	-	-	10. ( 2013 )
JJ Lehto	1993-1994	18th	5	-	-	-	-	-	13th ( 1993 )
Jacques Villeneuve	2005	18th	9	-	-	-	-	-	14th ( 2005 )
Pascal Wehrlein	2017	18th	5	-	-	-	-	-	18. ( 2017 )
Mika Salo	2000	16	6th	-	-	-	-	-	11. ( 2000 )
Pedro de la Rosa	2010-2011	14th	6th	-	-	-	-	-	17th ( 2010 )
Jean-Christophe Boullion	1995	11	3	-	-	-	-	-	16. ( 1995 )
Andrea de Cesaris	1994	9	1	-	-	-	-	-	20th ( 1994 )
Gianni Morbidelli	1997	7th	0	-	-	-	-	-	22. ( 1997 )
Nicola Larini	1997	5	1	-	-	-	-	-	19th ( 1997 )
Norberto Fontana	1997	4th	0	-	-	-	-	-	23rd ( 1997 )

Current drivers are shown in yellow.

Results in Formula 1

1993 to 2005

season	chassis	driver	No.	1	2	3	4th	5	6th	7th	8th	9	10	11	12	13	14th	15th	16	17th	18th	19th	Points	rank
1993	Clean C12																						12	7th
		K. Wendlinger	29	DNF	DNF	DNF	DNF	DNF	13	6th	DNF	DNF	9	6th	DNF	4th	5	DNF	15th
		J. Lehto	30th	5	DNF	DNF	4th	DNF	DNF	7th	DNF	8th	DNF	DNF	9	DNF	7th	8th	DNF
1994	Clean C13																						12	8th.
		K. Wendlinger	29	6th	DNF	4th	DNS	INJ	INJ	INJ	INJ	INJ	INJ	INJ	INJ	INJ	INJ	INJ	INJ
		A. de Cesaris							DNF	6th	DNF	DNF	DNF	DNF	DNF	DNF	DNF
		J. Lehto																DNF	10
		H. Frentzen	30th	DNF	5	7th	DNS	DNF	DNF	4th	7th	DNF	DNF	DNF	DNF	DNF	6th	6th	7th
1995	Clean C14																						18th	7th
		K. Wendlinger	29	DNF	DNF	DNF	13												10	DNF
		J. Boullion						8th	DNF	DNF	9	5	10	11	6th	12	DNF	DNF
		H. Frentzen	30th	DNF	5	6th	8th	6th	DNF	10	6th	DNF	5	4th	3	6th	DNF	7th	8th	DNF
1996	Clean C15																						11	7th
		J. Herbert	14th	DNF	DNF	9	7th	DNF	3	DNF	7th	DSQ	9	DNF	DNF	DNF	9 *	8th	10
		H. Frentzen	15th	8th	DNF	DNF	DNF	DNF	4 *	4th	DNF	DNF	8th	8th	DNF	DNF	DNF	7th	6th
1997	Clean C16																						16	7th
		J. Herbert	16	DNF	7th	4th	DNF	DNF	5	5	8th	DNF	DNF	3	4th	DNF	8th	7th	6th	8th
		N. Larini	17th	6th	11	DNF	7th	DNF
		G. Morbidelli							14th	10				DNF	9	12	9	9	DNS
		N. Fontana									DNF	9	9							14th
1998	Clean C17																						10	6th
		J. Alesi	14th	DNF	9	5	6th	10	12	DNF	7th	DNF	DNF	10	7th	3	5	10	7th
		J. Herbert	15th	6th	11	DNF	DNF	7th	7th	DNF	8th	DNF	8th	DNF	10	DNF	DNF	DNF	10
1999	Clean C18																						5	8th.
		J. Alesi	11	DNF	DNF	6th	DNF	DNF	DNF	DNF	14th	DNF	8th	16	9	9	DNF	7th	6th
		P. Diniz	12	DNF	DNF	DNF	DNF	DNF	6th	DNF	6th	6th	DNF	DNF	DNF	DNF	DNF	DNF	11
2000	Clean C19																						6th	8th.
		P. Diniz	16	DNF	DNS	8th	11	DNF	7th	DNF	10	11	9	DNF	DNF	11	8th	8th	11	DNF
		M. Salo	17th	DSQ	DNS	6th	8th	7th	DNF	5	DNF	10	6th	5	10	9	7th	DNF	10	8th
2001	Clean C20																						21st	4th
		N. Heidfeld	16	4th	DNF	3	7th	6th	9	DNF	DNF	DNF	6th	6th	DNF	6th	DNF	11	6th	9
		K. Raikkonen	17th	6th	DNF	DNF	DNF	8th	4th	10	4th	10	7th	5	DNF	7th	DNF	7th	DNF	DNF
2002	Clean C21																						11	5.
		N. Heidfeld	07th	DNF	5	DNF	10	4th	DNF	8th	12	7th	6th	7th	6th	9	10	10	9	7th
		F. Massa	08th	DNF	6th	DNF	8th	5	DNF	DNF	9	6th	9	DNF	7th	7th	DNF	DNF		DNF
		H. Frentzen																	13
2003	Clean C22																						19th	6th
		N. Heidfeld	09	DNF	8th	DNF	10	10	DNF	11	DNF	8th	13	17th	10	9	9	5	9
		H. Frentzen	10	6th	9	5	11	DNF	DNF	DNF	DNF	9	12	12	DNF	DNF	13	3	DNF
2004	Clean C23																						34	6th
		G. Fisichella	11	10	11	11	9	7th	DNF	6th	4th	9	12	6th	9	8th	5	8th	7th	8th	9
		F. Massa	12	DNF	8th	12	10	9	5	9	DNF	DNF	13	9	13	DNF	4th	12	8th	9	8th
2005	Clean C24																						20th	8th.
		J. Villeneuve	11	13	DNF	11	4th	DNF	11	13	9	DNS	8th	14th	15th	DNF	11	11	6th	12	12	10
		F. Massa	12	10	10	7th	10	11 *	9	14th	4th	DNS	DNF	10	8th	14th	DNF	9	10	11	10	6th

Since 2010

season	chassis	driver	No.	1	2	3	4th	5	6th	7th	8th	9	10	11	12	13	14th	15th	16	17th	18th	19th	20th	21st	Points	rank
2010	Clean C29																								44	8th.
		P. de la Rosa	22nd	DNF	12	DNS	DNF	DNF	DNF	11	DNF	12	DNF	14th	7th	11	14th
		N. Heidfeld																DNF	8th	9	17th	11
		K. Kobayashi	23	DNF	DNF	DNF	DNF	12	DNF	10	DNF	7th	6th	11	9	8th	DNF	DNF	7th	8th	10	14th
2011	Clean C30																								44	7th
		K. Kobayashi	16	DSQ	7th	10	10	10	5	7th	16	DNF	9	11	12	DNF	14th	13	15th	DNF	10	9
		S. Perez	17th	DSQ	DNF	17th	14th	9	DNS		11	7th	11	15th	DNF	DNF	10	8th	16	10	11	13
		P. de la Rosa								12
2012	Clean C31																								126	6th
		K. Kobayashi	14th	6th	DNF	10	13	5	DNF	9	DNF	11	4th	18 *	13	9	13	3	DNF	14th	6th	14th	9
		S. Perez	15th	8th	2	11	11	DNF	11	3	9	DNF	6th	14th	DNF	2	10	DNF	11	DNF	15th	11	DNF
2013	Clean C32																								57	7th
		N. Hulkenberg	11	DNS	8th	10	12	15th	11	DNF	10	10	11	13	5	9	4th	6th	19 *	14th	6th	8th
		E. Gutiérrez	12	13	12	DNF	18th	11	13	20 *	14th	14th	DNF	14th	13	12	11	7th	15th	13	13	12
2014	Clean C33																								-	10.
		A. Sutil	99	11	DNF	DNF	DNF	17th	DNF	13	13	13	DNF	11	14th	15th	DNF	21 *	16	DNF	16	16
		E. Gutiérrez	21st	12	DNF	DNF	16	16	DNF	14 *	19th	DNF	14th	DNF	15th	20th	DNF	13	15th	14th	14th	15th
2015	Clean C34																								36	8th.
		M. Ericsson	9	8th	DNF	10	14th	14th	13	14th	13	11	10	10	9	11	14th	DNF	DNF	12	16	15th
		F. Nasr	12	5	12	8th	12	12	9	16	11	DNS	11	11	13	10	20 *	6th	9	DNF	13	16
2016	Clean C35																								2	10.
		M. Ericsson	9	DNF	12	16	14th	12	DNF	15th	17th	15th	DNF	20th	18th	DNF	16	17th	12	15th	14th	11	DNF	15th
		F. Nasr	12	15th	14th	20th	16	15th	DNF	18th	12	13	15th	17th	DNF	17th	DNF	13	DNF	19th	15th	15th	9	16
2017	Clean C36																								5	10.
		M. Ericsson	9	DNF	15th	DNF	15th	11	DNF	13	11	15th	14th	16	16	18 *	DNF	18th	DNF	15th	DNF	13	17th
		A. Giovinazzi	36	12	DNF
		P. Wehrlein	94			11	16	8th	DNF	15th	10	14th	17th	15th	DNF	16	12	17th	15th	DNF	14th	14th	14th
2018	Clean C37																								48	8th.
		M. Ericsson	9	DNF	9	16	11	13	11	15th	13	10	DNF	9	15th	10	15th	11	13	12	10	9	DNF	DNF
		C. Leclerc	16	13	12	19th	6th	10	18 *	10	10	9	DNF	15th	DNF	DNF	11	9	7th	DNF	DNF	7th	7th	7th
2019	Alfa Romeo C38																								57	8th.
		K. Raikkonen	7th	8th	7th	9	10	14th	17th	15th	7th	9	8th	12	7th	16	15th	DNF	13	12	DNF	11	4th	13
		A. Giovinazzi	99	15th	11	15th	12	16	19th	13	16	10	DNF	13	18th	18 *	9	10	15th	14th	14th	14th	5	16
2020	Alfa Romeo C39																									2	8th.
		K. Raikkonen	7th	DNF	11	15th	17th	15th	14th
		A. Giovinazzi	99	9	14th	17th	14th	17th	16

Legend
colour	abbreviation	meaning
gold	-	victory
silver	-	2nd place
bronze	-	3rd place
green	-	Placement in the points
blue	-	Classified outside the point ranks
violet	DNF	Race not finished (did not finish)
	NC	not classified
red	DNQ	did not qualify
	DNPQ	failed in pre-qualification (did not pre-qualify)
black	DSQ	disqualified
White	DNS	not at the start (did not start)
	WD	withdrawn
Light Blue	PO	only participated in the training (practiced only)
	TD	Friday test driver
without	DNP	did not participate in the training (did not practice)
	INJ	injured or sick
	EX	excluded
	DNA	did not arrive
	C.	Race canceled
		no participation in the World Cup
other	P / bold	Pole position
	SR / italic	Fastest race lap
	*	not at the finish, but counted due to the distance covered
	()	Streak results
	underlined	Leader in the overall standings

Overview of the current staff

Area of ​​responsibility	Surname
Regular driver	Kimi Raikkonen
	Antonio Giovinazzi
Test and replacement drivers	Robert Kubica
Team boss	Frédéric Vasseur
Sports director	Beat Zehnder
Operations Director	Axel Kruse
technical director	Jan Monchaux
Chief engineer	Xevi Pujolar
Chief designer	Luca Furbatto
Head of Aerodynamics	Alessandro Cinelli
Chief aerodynamicist	Nicolas Hennel de Beaupreau
Head of vehicle development	Lucia Conconi
Chief mechanic	Reto Camenzind
Race engineer Raikkonen	Julien Simon-Chautemps
Race engineer Giovinazzi	Jörn Becker
Shareholders	Islero Investments AG

Web links

Commons : Clean  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

• Official team website

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Entry of "Sauber Motorsport AG" in the commercial register of the Canton of Zurich  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
2. ^ Hodges: A – Z of Grand Prix Cars 1906-2001, p. 204.
3. ↑ Cimarosti: The Century of Racing, p. 455.
4. ↑ Sauber-Mercedes is saved. In: Berliner Zeitung . June 30, 1994, accessed February 1, 2019 . 
5. ^ David Hodges: AZ of Grand Prix Cars 1906-2001 . Crowood Press, 2001, ISBN 1-86126-339-2 , p. 204.
6. ↑ BMW confirms exit from Formula 1
7. ↑ "BMW: Sauber is buying the team!" (Motorsport-aktuell.com on November 27, 2009)
8. ↑ "Get Sauber de la Rosa?" (Motorsport-Total.com on January 3, 2010)
9. ^ "Officially: Heidfeld from now on instead of de la Rosa!" (Motorsport-Total.com on September 14, 2010)
10. ↑ auto motor und sport extra: Formula 1 2010, p. 39.
11. ↑ "Big hit at Sauber: Rampf hands over to Key" (Motorsport-Total.com on February 24, 2010)
12. ↑ "Rear wing illegal: cleanly disqualified!" (Motorsport-Total.com on March 27, 2011)
13. ↑ "No broken bones in Perez" (Motorsport-Total.com on May 28, 2011)
14. ↑ "Perez is not feeling well: De la Rosa steps in" (Motorsport-Total.com on June 10, 2011)
15. ↑ "We were just too slow". Quoted from Motorsport aktuell, issue 44/2011, p. 9.
16. ↑ "It wasn't fun this time": Background report on the situation of the Sauber team after the Korean Grand Prix in Motorsport aktuell, issue 44/2011, p. 11.
17. ↑ Motorsport aktuell issue 8/2012, p. 8.
18. ↑ Clean: Technical Director James Key stops. SF , February 3, 2012, accessed May 25, 2012 . 
19. ↑ Who is who. Sauber F1 Team, accessed May 25, 2012 . 
20. ↑ Peter Haab, Robert Höpoltseder: "The team can be proud of this season!" Interview with Peter Sauber in: Motorsport Aktuell, Issue 1–3 / 2013 of December 18, 2012, p. 10 f.
21. ↑ Christian Nimmervoll: “Sauber engineer changes to Red Bull”. Motorsport-Total.com, March 15, 2013, accessed August 29, 2013 . 
22. ↑ Stefan Ziegler: "Hülkenberg outside: 'Extremely frustrating'". Motorsport-Total.com, March 17, 2013, accessed March 17, 2013 . 
23. ↑ http://www.motorsport-total.com/f1/news/2013/06/Pirelli_gibt_weiter_Reifenzu towards_known_13061312.html
24. ↑ Sven Haidinger: Five to twelve: Sauber fights for survival . News from July 12, 2013 on the website www.motorsport-total.com .
25. ↑ ^{a b} Dieter Rencken: "Exclusive Interview: Kaltenborn Sauber talks about the rescue." Motorsport-Total.com, July 15, 2013, accessed July 15, 2013 . 
26. ↑ Official: Still clean with Ferrari engines. Motorsport-Total.com, October 3, 2013, accessed October 4, 2013 . 
27. ↑ Mathias Brunner: "Sauber gives full throttle: Felipe Nasr and Banco do Brasil". Speedweek.com, November 6, 2014, accessed November 6, 2014 . 
28. ↑ Vanessa Georgoulas: Adrial Sutil: Clean simply has to be faster. speedweek.com, March 16, 2014, accessed March 16, 2014 . 
29. ↑ Vanessa Georgoulas: Did Sauber, Lotus and Force India threaten a boycott? Speedweek.com, November 1, 2014, accessed November 4, 2013 . 
30. ↑ Petra Wiesmayer: Boycott of the small teams just postponed? Speedweek.com, November 3, 2014, accessed November 4, 2013 . 
31. ↑ Marion Rott: "Formula 1 - Official: Ericsson drives for Sauber in 2015". My best early Christmas present. Motorsport-Magazin.com, November 1, 2014, accessed November 1, 2014 . 
32. ↑ Markus Lüttgens: "Sutil outside: Nasr drives for Sauber in 2015." Motorsport-Total.com, November 6, 2014, accessed on November 6, 2014 . 
33. ^ ^{A b} Roman Wittemeier: Clean solution: 15 million euros for Giedo van der Garde. Motorsport-Total.com, March 17, 2015, accessed on March 17, 2015 . 
34. ^ ^{A b} Roman Wittemeier: Fight in court: does van der Garde complain to the Sauber? Motorsport-Total.com, March 5, 2015, accessed March 9, 2015 . 
35. ↑ Dominik Sharaf: Van der Garde judgment on Wednesday: Is it a "fatal risk"? Motorsport-Total.com, March 9, 2015, accessed March 9, 2015 . 
36. ↑ Markus Lüttgens: Court awards van der Garde Sauber-Cockpit. Motorsport-Total.com, March 11, 2015, accessed on March 11, 2015 . 
37. ^ Mathias Brunner: Sauber - Giedo van der Garde: Formal error in the judgment? speedweek.com, March 12, 2015, accessed March 13, 2015 . 
38. ^ Mathias Brunner: Sauber - Giedo van der Garde: the court dispute ended. speedweek.com, March 14, 2015, accessed March 14, 2015 . 
39. ↑ Markus Lüttgens: Sutil silently declares war on Sauber. Motorsport-Total.com, November 6, 2014, accessed March 14, 2015 . 
40. ↑ Joe Saward: Clean in court: What does Giedo van der Garde want? Speedweek.com, March 7, 2015, accessed March 14, 2015 . 
41. ↑ ^{a b} Dieter Rencken; Norman Fischer: After a clear round in 2014, Sauber is on the way up again. motorsport-total.com, November 30, 2015, accessed December 7, 2015 . 
42. ^ ^{A b c} Dominik Sharaf: Five days of debt free: Sauber pays April salaries. Motorsport-Total.com, May 25, 2016, accessed May 25, 2016 . 
43. ↑ Sven Haidinger, Dieter Rencken: Crisis at Sauber: Employees wait for salaries. Motorsport-Total.com, March 7, 2016, accessed April 11, 2016 . 
44. ↑ Dominik Sharaf: Thanks to a cash injection from Sweden: Clean in China at the start. Motorsport-Total.com, April 8, 2016, accessed April 11, 2016 . 
45. ↑ Clean in crucial talks with Investors to save them. f1today.net, April 6, 2016, accessed April 7, 2016 . 
46. ↑ Vanessa Georgoulas: Financial distress from Sauber: Financial rescue in sight. speedweek.com, April 6, 2016, accessed April 7, 2016 . 
47. ^ Christian Sylt: Revealed: The $ 30 Billion Formula One Backers From Sweden. Forbes, July 24, 2016, accessed March 18, 2019 . 
48. ↑ Mark Lüttgens, Dieter Rencken: acquisition by investors: the future of Sauber is secured. Motorsport-Total.com, July 20, 2016, accessed July 21, 2016 . 
49. ^ NN: Sauber's Nasr hits rock bottom in Baku. Motorsport-Total.com, June 18, 2016, accessed June 20, 2016 . 
50. ↑ Roman Witte Meyer: Season Finale 2016: Sauber saves WM-tenth the finish. Motorsport-Total.com, November 28, 2016, accessed November 28, 2016 . 
51. ↑ Christian Nimmervoll, Dieter Rencken: Sauber contradicts itself: 2017 with the 2016 Ferrari engine. Motorsport-Total.com, October 8, 2016, accessed January 16, 2017 . 
52. ↑ Dieter Rencken: Monisha Kaltenborn is no longer team boss at Sauber. Motorsport-Total.com, June 21, 2017, accessed June 21, 2017 . 
53. ^ Roman Wittemeier: Sauber has a new team boss: Frederic Vasseur takes over. Motorsport-Total.com, July 12, 2017, accessed July 12, 2017 . 
54. ↑ The Sauber F1 Team enters a multi-year partnership agreement with Alfa Romeo. November 29, 2017. Retrieved November 29, 2017 . 
55. ↑ Christian Nimmervoll: Official: Honda will supply the Sauber team from 2018. Motorsport-Total.com, April 30, 2017, accessed April 30, 2017 . 
56. ↑ Markus Lüttgens: Formula 1 2018: Sauber doesn't drive with Honda drives. Motorsport-Total.com, July 27, 2017, accessed July 27, 2017 . 
57. ↑ Dominik Sharaf: Sauber announces new deal: Also in 2018 with Ferrari engines. Motorsport-Total.com, July 28, 2017, accessed July 28, 2017 . 
58. ↑ the-clean-f1-team-confirms-the-drivers-for-2018. www.sauberf1team.com, December 2, 2017, accessed December 3, 2017 . 
59. ↑ https://www.motorsport-total.com/formel-1/news/72-im-qualifyingduell-ericsson-verzweifelt-an-leclerc-18063025
60. ↑ Heiko Stritzke, Scott Mitchell: New name Alfa Romeo: Sauber disappears from Formula 1. Motorsport-Total.com, February 1, 2019, accessed on February 1, 2019 . 
61. ↑ FIA registration list for the 2019 Formula 1 World Championship (accessed on February 7, 2019).
62. ^ Mathias Brunner: Clean in front of Alfa Romeo: Repeated trouble with partners. speedweek.com, February 4, 2019, accessed February 7, 2019 . 
63. ↑ [1]