Stiring-Wendel: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 49°12′N 6°56′E / 49.20°N 6.93°E / 49.20; 6.93
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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox French commune
{{Infobox French commune
|name = Stiring-Wendel
|name = Stiring-Wendel
|commune status = [[Communes of France|Commune]]
|image = Eglise saint françois Stiring-Wendel.jpg
|image = Eglise saint françois Stiring-Wendel.jpg
|caption = Église Saint-François
|caption = Église Saint-François
|image coat of arms = Blason ville fr Stiring-Wendel 57.svg
|region = [[Lorraine (region)|Lorraine]]
|department = [[Moselle (département)|Moselle]]
|arrondissement = Forbach-Boulay-Moselle
⚫
|canton = Stiring-Wendel
|arrondissement = [[Arrondissement of Forbach|Forbach]]
⚫
|canton = [[:fr:Canton de Stiring-Wendel|Stiring-Wendel]] ([[chef-lieu]])
|INSEE = 57660
|INSEE = 57660
|postal code = 57350
|postal code = 57350
|mayor = Yves Ludwig<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/en/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=9 August 2021|language=fr}}</ref>
|mayor = Jean-Claude Holtz
|term = 2008&ndash;2014
|term = 2020&ndash;2026
|intercommunality = [[:fr:Communauté d'agglomération de Forbach Porte de France|Communauté d'agglomération de Forbach Porte de France]]
|intercommunality = [[Communauté d'agglomération de Forbach Porte de France|CA Forbach Porte de France]]
|coordinates = {{coord|49.20|6.93|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|longitude = 6.92972222222
|latitude = 49.2002777778
|elevation m = 240
|elevation m = 240
|elevation min m = 205
|elevation min m = 205
|elevation max m = 254
|elevation max m = 254
|area km2 = 3.6
|area km2 = 3.6
|population = 12588
|population = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population date = 2006
|population date = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
|demonym =
|demonym =
|website =
|website =
}}
}}


''' Stiring-Wendel ''' is a [[Communes of France|commune]] in the [[Moselle]] [[Departments of France|department]] in [[Lorraine (region)|Lorraine]] in north-eastern [[France]].
'''Stiring-Wendel''' ({{IPA-fr|stiʁɛ̃ vɑ̃dɛl}}; [[Lorraine Franconian]]: ''Stiringe''; [[German language|German]] ''Stieringen-Wendel'') is a [[Communes of France|commune]] in the [[Moselle (department)|Moselle]] [[Departments of France|department]] in [[Grand Est]] in north-eastern [[France]], wedged between [[Forbach]], [[Schœneck]], [[Spicheren]] and [[Saarbrücken]].


==History==
==History==
Charles de Wendel undertook construction of the very modern Stiring factory in 1846, mainly to manufacture railway rails.
⚫
Founded in [[1846]] at the site of the present Stiring-Wendel ironworks. The industrial family [[De Wendel family|Wendel]] built a church, a school and residential facilities for the workers.
A coal extraction shaft was sunk near the factory buildings, and during the [[Second French Empire]] the Compagnie de Stiring sold coal to the Wendel company at generally favorable prices.
In 1865 the Wendel metallurgical factories were taking {{frac|7|8}} of the output from the Compagnie de Stiring, paying below market prices.{{sfn|Desmars|1998|p=521}}


Charles de Wendel and his partner Théodore de Gargan founded the city of Stiring-Wendel.
By imperial decree of [[Napoleon III]], the city is elevated to a fully autonomous municipality June 3, 1857, and separate from Forbach.
The workers' town, dominated by the factories and their managers, was a model that was followed in France into the 1930s.{{sfn|The De Wendel Company ... Musée d'Orsay|p=2}}

Charles de Wendel initiated a policy of recruiting from the children of his workers, with son following father.
After the [[Franco-Prussian War]] of 1870, the city as part of [[Alsace-Lorraine]] came under [[Germans|German]] control. The steel industry collapsed with its final closure in 1897.
In the 1850s he began a system by which promotions would be assured, based on seniority, which encouraged loyalty.{{sfn|Gordon|1996|p=146}}
⚫
The industrial family [[De Wendel family|Wendel]] built a church, a school and residential facilities for the workers.


By imperial decree of [[Napoleon III]], the city was elevated to a fully autonomous municipality on 3 June 1857, and separate from Forbach. Fighting occurred in the area on 6 August 1870 during the [[Franco-Prussian War]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Forbach. La guerre de 1870 et la bataille du 6 août expliquées à l'office de tourisme |url=https://www.republicain-lorrain.fr/societe/2021/11/06/la-guerre-de-1870-et-la-bataille-du-6-aout-expliquee-a-l-office-de-tourisme |access-date=2023-09-27 |website=www.republicain-lorrain.fr |language=FR-fr}}</ref> After the Prussian victory, the city as part of [[Alsace-Lorraine]] came under [[Germans|German]] control. The steel industry collapsed with its final closure in 1897.
In 1897 the rise of the coal industry generated a new economy, and led to an increase in population. For example, in 1857 the population was 1900, where by 1957 it had grown to 16,000 residents.
In 1897 the rise of the coal industry generated a new economy, and led to an increase in population. For example, in 1857 the population was 1900, where by 1957 it had grown to 16,000 residents.


After [[World War I]], in 1918, Alsace-Lorraine returned to French control.
After [[World War I]], in 1918, Alsace-Lorraine came under French control once again.


The Forbach and Stiring-Wendel area were heavy battlefields during [[World War II]]. Stiring-Wendel held many German [[Prisoner of War|POW]] camps to run the mines, which were liberated after the battles. Most of the armored American forces in this area turned north at this point to counter the German advance into Belgium ("[[Battle of the Bulge]]").
There was significant combat in the Forbach and Stiring-Wendel area during [[World War II]]. Due to its location in between the French [[Maginot Line]] and German [[Siegfried Line]], the town's population was evacuated in 1939.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Évacuation et expulsion des mosellans |url=https://www.stiring-wendel.fr/events/evacuation-et-expulsion-des-mosellans/ |access-date=2023-09-27 |website=Commune de STIRING-WENDEL |language=fr-FR}}</ref> During the [[German military administration in occupied France during World War II|German occupation]], Stiring-Wendel held many [[Prisoner of War|POW]] camps, where inmates were forced to work the mines. The town was liberated by the [[70th Infantry Division (United States)|70th Infantry Division]] of the US Army on 2nd March 1945.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-12 |title=liberation 1945 stiring wendel |url=http://www.stiring.net/stiring/archives/page6.html |access-date=2023-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312153354/http://www.stiring.net/stiring/archives/page6.html |archive-date=12 March 2016 }}</ref> Most of the armored American forces in this area turned north at this point to counter the German advance into Belgium ("[[Battle of the Bulge]]").


France began administering the German [[Saarland|Saar]] region as a [[Saar (protectorate)|protectorate]] after World War II. The [[Marshall Plan]] returned the Saar to German control in 1957, due to both economic and political demands. The borders of Germany and France were then aligned to the positions before 1870.
France began administering the German [[Saarland|Saar]] region as a [[Saar (protectorate)|protectorate]] after World War II. The [[Marshall Plan]] returned the Saar to German control in 1957, due to both economic and political demands. The borders of Germany and France were then aligned to the positions before 1870, drawing the border line right next to Stiring-Wendel.


The people of Forbach and Stiring-Wendel are generally bi-lingual (French-German).
The people of Forbach and Stiring-Wendel are generally bi-lingual (French-German).

==Population==
{{Historical populations
|source = INSEE<ref name=pophist>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7633058?geo=COM-57660#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE</ref>
|percentages = pagr
|align = none
|graph-pos = right
|1968 |13757
|1975 |12665
|1982 |13581
|1990 |13743
|1999 |13129
|2009 |12337
|2014 |12430
|2020 |11043
}}


==Notable people from Stiring-Wendel==
==Notable people from Stiring-Wendel==
Line 47: Line 69:
* [[Patricia Kaas]], Singer (Born in Forbach)
* [[Patricia Kaas]], Singer (Born in Forbach)
* [[:fr:Nicolas Untersteller|Nicolas Untersteller]], Famous Painter and member of [[Académie des Beaux-Arts]]
* [[:fr:Nicolas Untersteller|Nicolas Untersteller]], Famous Painter and member of [[Académie des Beaux-Arts]]
* [[:fr:Charles de Wendel|Charles de Wendel]], Industrialist, Founder
* [[Charles de Wendel]], Industrialist, Founder


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Communes of the Moselle department]]
* [[Communes of the Moselle department]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
* {{citation|title=La Difficile Genèse du Bassin Houiller Lorrain (1815-1870)
|last=Desmars|first=Bernard |journal=Histoire, Économie et Société|volume=17|issue=3, L'État Comme Fonctionnement Socio-symbolique (vers 1547-vers 1635)
|date=July–September 1998|pages=505–529 |publisher=Armand Colin|doi=10.3406/hes.1998.1999 |jstor=23612599}}
* {{citation
|last=Gordon|first=David M.|title=Liberalism and Social Reform: Industrial Growth and Progressiste Politics in France, 1880-1914
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SzvvF6kIlbsC&pg=PA146|access-date=2017-08-04|year=1996|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-29811-0}}
* {{citation|access-date=2017-08-04|ref={{harvid|The De Wendel Company ... Musée d'Orsay}}
|title=The De Wendel Company, Three Centuries of Industry in Lorraine (1704-2004)|publisher=Musée d'Orsay
|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/events/exhibitions/archives/exhibitions-archives/page/1/article/la-maison-de-wendel-trois-siecles-dindustrie-en-lorraine-1704-2004-4218.html}}
{{refend}}


==External links==
==External links==
⚫
{{Commons category|Stiring-Wendel}}
* [http://www.agglo-forbach.fr/site/fiche_stiring_wendel.php Stiring-Wendel Official Web Site]
* [http://www.agglo-forbach.fr/site/fiche_stiring_wendel.php Stiring-Wendel Official Web Site]
* [http://www.stiring.net/stiring/ Stiring-Wendel Unofficial Web Site]
* [http://www.stiring.net/stiring/ Stiring-Wendel Unofficial Web Site]


⚫
{{Commons category|Stiring-Wendel}}
{{Moselle communes}}
{{Moselle communes}}


{{Authority control}}
⚫
[[Category:Communes of Moselle|Stiringwendel]]


{{Moselle-geo-stub}}


⚫
[[Category:Communes of Moselle (department)|Stiringwendel]]
[[als:Stiring-Wendel]]
[[ca:Stiring-Wendel]]
[[ceb:Stiring-Wendel]]
[[de:Stiring-Wendel]]
[[es:Stiring-Wendel]]
[[eu:Stiring-Wendel]]
[[fr:Stiring-Wendel]]
[[it:Stiring-Wendel]]
[[lb:Stiring-Wendel]]
[[nl:Stiring-Wendel]]
[[pfl:Stiring-Wendel]]
[[pl:Stiring-Wendel]]
[[th:สเตียริง-เวนเดล]]
[[uk:Стірен-Вендель]]
[[vi:Stiring-Wendel]]
[[vo:Stiring-Wendel]]
[[war:Stiring-Wendel]]

Latest revision as of 12:54, 9 January 2024

Stiring-Wendel
Commune
Église Saint-François
Église Saint-François
Coat of arms of Stiring-Wendel
Coat of arms
Location of Stiring-Wendel
Map
Stiring-Wendel is located in France
Stiring-Wendel
Stiring-Wendel
Stiring-Wendel is located in Grand Est
Stiring-Wendel
Stiring-Wendel
Coordinates: 49°12′N 6°56′E / 49.20°N 6.93°E / 49.20; 6.93
CountryFrance
RegionGrand Est
DepartmentMoselle
ArrondissementForbach-Boulay-Moselle
CantonStiring-Wendel
IntercommunalityCA Forbach Porte de France
Government
 • Mayor (2020–2026) Yves Ludwig[1]
Area
1
3.6 km2 (1.4 sq mi)
Population
 (2021)[2]
11,067
 • Density3,100/km2 (8,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
57660 /57350
Elevation205–254 m (673–833 ft)
(avg. 240 m or 790 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Stiring-Wendel (French pronunciation: [stiʁɛ̃ vɑ̃dɛl]; Lorraine Franconian: Stiringe; German Stieringen-Wendel) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France, wedged between Forbach, Schœneck, Spicheren and Saarbrücken.

History[edit]

Charles de Wendel undertook construction of the very modern Stiring factory in 1846, mainly to manufacture railway rails. A coal extraction shaft was sunk near the factory buildings, and during the Second French Empire the Compagnie de Stiring sold coal to the Wendel company at generally favorable prices. In 1865 the Wendel metallurgical factories were taking 7⁄8 of the output from the Compagnie de Stiring, paying below market prices.[3]

Charles de Wendel and his partner Théodore de Gargan founded the city of Stiring-Wendel. The workers' town, dominated by the factories and their managers, was a model that was followed in France into the 1930s.[4] Charles de Wendel initiated a policy of recruiting from the children of his workers, with son following father. In the 1850s he began a system by which promotions would be assured, based on seniority, which encouraged loyalty.[5] The industrial family Wendel built a church, a school and residential facilities for the workers.

By imperial decree of Napoleon III, the city was elevated to a fully autonomous municipality on 3 June 1857, and separate from Forbach. Fighting occurred in the area on 6 August 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War.[6] After the Prussian victory, the city as part of Alsace-Lorraine came under German control. The steel industry collapsed with its final closure in 1897. In 1897 the rise of the coal industry generated a new economy, and led to an increase in population. For example, in 1857 the population was 1900, where by 1957 it had grown to 16,000 residents.

After World War I, in 1918, Alsace-Lorraine came under French control once again.

There was significant combat in the Forbach and Stiring-Wendel area during World War II. Due to its location in between the French Maginot Line and German Siegfried Line, the town's population was evacuated in 1939.[7] During the German occupation, Stiring-Wendel held many POW camps, where inmates were forced to work the mines. The town was liberated by the 70th Infantry Division of the US Army on 2nd March 1945.[8] Most of the armored American forces in this area turned north at this point to counter the German advance into Belgium ("Battle of the Bulge").

France began administering the German Saar region as a protectorate after World War II. The Marshall Plan returned the Saar to German control in 1957, due to both economic and political demands. The borders of Germany and France were then aligned to the positions before 1870, drawing the border line right next to Stiring-Wendel.

The people of Forbach and Stiring-Wendel are generally bi-lingual (French-German).

Population[edit]

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1968 13,757—    
1975 12,665−1.17%
1982 13,581+1.00%
1990 13,743+0.15%
1999 13,129−0.51%
2009 12,337−0.62%
2014 12,430+0.15%
2020 11,043−1.95%
Source: INSEE[9]

Notable people from Stiring-Wendel[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 9 August 2021.
  2. ^ "Populations légales 2021". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
  3. ^ Desmars 1998, p. 521.
  4. ^ The De Wendel Company ... Musée d'Orsay, p. 2.
  5. ^ Gordon 1996, p. 146.
  6. ^ "Forbach. La guerre de 1870 et la bataille du 6 août expliquées à l'office de tourisme". www.republicain-lorrain.fr (in French). Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  7. ^ "Évacuation et expulsion des mosellans". Commune de STIRING-WENDEL (in French). Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  8. ^ "liberation 1945 stiring wendel". 12 March 2016. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  9. ^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE

Sources[edit]

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Stiring-Wendel.
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