List of known people related to the Free School Community of Wickersdorf

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This list contains well-known people from the former educational reform school free school community Wickersdorf (1906-1991) near Saalfeld in the Thuringian Forest . On the basis of the characters who acted very differently and their life paths, it allows a differentiated historical classification and assignment of this school pilot project, which in the first decades was distinguished by its musical focus, but especially by the " Performing Game " initiated by Martin Luserke most other school projects differed. For many contemporaries interested in art and education in Germany, Austria and other countries, the FSG Wickersdorf became a “free” private boarding school project worth discussing - cross-party.

and display information about the image
1911: Partial view of the buildings and areas of the Free School Community of Wickersdorf near Saalfeld in the Thuringian Forest that were taken over from a domain that had been fallow before 1906 - two village ponds in front right, which were later connected for a swimming pond used all year round

The extreme polarization that persisted over the first decades, strong fluctuation within the student body and the teaching staff as well as fierce disputes with the school authorities, parents and courts as well as media attention ensured in particular Gustav Wyneken , whose ideas of an "educational eros" also other teachers to sexual Encouraged contacts with young pupils.

During the time of National Socialism , a “free” boarding school was over very quickly; From March 27, 1933, it was only allowed to call itself the Wickersdorf school community , a compromise that, for contradicting reasons, did not please the actors at the school or the Nazi authorities. As of February 7, 1943, the school community was renamed by the National Socialists in Deutsche Heimschule Wickersdorf .

In the Soviet occupation zone and later in the GDR , the school, which was temporarily allowed to call itself again the Free School Community of Wickersdorf , was successively “swapped” the mostly very well-off clientele for a proletarian student body in line with the socialist state doctrine. From 1964 it became a specialized secondary school ( Extended Oberschule ), which was supposed to prepare students for studying in order to train Russian teachers. Up until the 1980s, only fragments of the earlier reform-pedagogical approaches were found.

principal

1911: View out of a window on the upper floor of the school building of the Free School Community , where the older students also lived
  • 1906 to 1908: Paul Geheeb , was ousted by Gustav Wyneken
  • 1906 to 1910: Gustav Wyneken
  • 1910 to 1914: Martin Luserke
  • August 1914 to October 1916: Bernhard Hell (representing Luserke)
  • November 1916 to 1917: Bernhard Uffrecht (representing Luserke)
  • 1917 to 1919: Martin Luserke
  • 1919 to 1920: Gustav Wyneken
  • 1920 to 1925: Martin Luserke (on leave in the school year 1924/25)
  • 1924 to 1925: Otto Garthe (1890–1948), after his illness August Halm (both representing Luserke)
  • 1925 to 1927: August Halm
  • 1927 to 1929: Peter Suhrkamp (representing the Halm on leave)
  • 1929 to 1930: Fernand Petitpierre (acting)
  • 1930 to 1933: Jaap Kool
  • April to October 1933: Georg Neumann
  • 1933 to 1941: Paul Döring (1903–1998)
  • 1941 to 1945: Werner Meyer
  • 1945 to 1946 Walburga Köhler
  • 1946 Johannes Fiebach
  • 1946 to 1947 Franz Brumberg
  • 1947 to 1948 Wilhelm Schmidt
  • 1948 to 1950 Erwin Irgang
  • 1950 to Helmut Kormann
  • 1954 Kurt Rennert
  • 1954 to 1958 Max Holley
  • 1958 to Otto Gebhardt
  • 1964 to 1968 Reimar arbitration
  • 1968 to 1990 Dieter Barth
  • 1990 to 1991 Dieter Saalmann

Known teachers

  • The Swiss Rudolf Aeschlimann , called "Aeschli", worked from 1906 to 1925 in the FSG Wickersdorf as a teacher of French, geography and history. In 1906, together with Paul Geheeb , August Halm , Martin Luserke and Gustav Wyneken, he was one of the men and teachers from the very beginning when the Free School Community was founded . From 1918 he was married to the teacher Helene Pahl (1893–1987), who had been teaching English there since 1915, and from 1925 also at the school by the sea . From October 1924 Aeschlimann was a member of the board of trustees of the Schule am Meer foundation . In 1925, the teacher couple, together with Fritz Hafner , Martin Luserke and Paul Reiner, belonged to the group of secessionists who left the FSG Wickersdorf in order to found the school by the sea in Loog on the East Frisian North Sea island of Juist . From 1917 to 1924 managing director of the Free School Community , Aeschlimann was also the administrator and “farmer” of the school by the sea . He is said to have felt particularly happy there and to have made particular efforts to attend to the more difficult students.
  • Hans Alfken from Bremen grew up with the youth movement ( Bündische Jugend ) and was involved as a group leader. He was politicized by the First World War , in which he participated from 1917, and the November Revolution , but also by encounters such as with Heinrich Vogeler or the Barkenhoff municipality in the artist village of Worpswede . In retrospect he summed up: "The Romantics became political". In 1920 he appeared as a representative of the Free German youth at the Reichsschulkonferenz and demanded the right of young people to share responsibility and to help shape the future education system. After studying English, German and philosophy at the Friedrich Schiller University in Jena, the University of Greifswald and the Philipps University in Marburg, he taught from 1924 to 1925 as an assistant teacher for German, English and philosophy in the Free School Community and was influenced there by Martin Luserke's concept of a directly experience-oriented didactics . In 1926 he followed an offer made by Fritz Karsen during the Reichsschulkonferenz in 1920 to attend the Kaiser-Friedrich-Realgymnasium in Berlin-Neukölln , which was renamed the Karl Marx School in 1929 and is considered the forerunner of today's comprehensive schools . Alfken saw their new naming as counterproductive, as polarizing. There he directed the courses for high school graduates. In 1927 he joined the KPD , worked on a newspaper project and visited the Soviet Union , whose school system he judged positively. In 1933 he was dismissed from school by the National Socialists , arrested several times for resistance activity and imprisoned for fifteen months. Immediately afterwards he was drafted into the Wehrmacht "on probation" and participated in the Second World War as a soldier from 1940 to 1945 . In the summer of 1945 he advocated cooperation between communists and social democrats, then broke with the KPD and in 1946 became a member of the SPD through the mediation of Adolf Grimme . As a result, he became the latter's personal advisor in the Lower Saxony Ministry of Culture . Until 1965 he worked there as head of the adult education, library, sport and (from 1949) youth care departments.
  • Willi Appelbaum , born in Konitz , Pomerania , son of the judicial councilor (lawyer) Max Appelbaum (1863–1910) and his wife Ida (1869– approx. 1935), born Schoenlank, attended the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in Bonn first studied law and then from 1913 to 1914 mathematics at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich. After his military service from 1914 to 1918, he continued his mathematics studies from 1919 to 1921 in Berlin at the Friedrich Wilhelms University . From October 1921 to the end of September 1927 he taught physics, mathematics and piano in the Free School Community . From around 1925 he had self-taught knowledge of music history. After working for the FSG , he taught from 1928 to 1936 as a music teacher at the Luisenstadt grammar school and other Berlin grammar schools, while studying musicology at the Friedrich Wilhelms University there . He also took private piano lessons with Bruno Eisner (approx. 1884–1978), Edwin Fischer , Leonid Kreutzer , Moritz Mayer-Mahr and Carl Adolf Martienssen . From 1930 to 1933 he was also a member of the supervisory board of the Free School Community and at times also its chairman. In 1935 he was excluded from the Reichsmusikkammer (RMK) for "racial" reasons . In the same year his younger brother Hans Apel (1895–1958) emigrated to the Netherlands , from there to Great Britain and in 1937 to the USA. Willi Appelbaum received his doctorate in Berlin in 1936 on the subject of accidents and tonality in musical monuments of the 15th and 16th centuries . In the same year he emigrated together with his wife Ursula, geb. Siemering, via the Netherlands and England to the United States . Around this time he shortened his family name (like his brother Hans) and called himself Willi Apel from then on. From 1936 to 1943 he had a teaching position at the Longy School of Music in Cambridge , Massachusetts , and another from 1938 to 1942 at Harvard University, which is also located there . During this time he also held his Harvard lectures and seminars at Radcliffe College, which is reserved for female students . He also gave courses at the Boston Center for Adult Education . In 1942 his book Notation of Polyphonic Music, 900-1600 , was published, which was later translated into German and is still used today for the musicological propaedeutic notation . His younger sister Lotte Appelbaum (* 1897) was deported to the Sobibor extermination camp in 1942 and murdered there. In 1944 he published the Harvard Dictionary of Music , the first scientifically and historically conceived US-American music lexicon. It immediately became a bestseller and became a standard work for students of several generations. In the 1940s, Apel became one of the most famous and respected musicologists in the United States, even though he did not have a permanent position. Together with Archibald Thompson Davison , he published the two-volume Historical Anthology of Music in 1949/50 , a musical history in examples. The School of Music at Indiana University in Bloomington , Indiana , offered him a professorship in 1950, which he held until 1963, when he retired there in the same year . As an emeritus he taught there until 1970. In 1964, Apel acquired Laudegg Castle in Ladis , Tyrol , and after its previous owners Kurt (* 1908) and Harald Reinl, tried to restore it. However, Willi Apel never returned to Germany. He died at the age of 94 at his home in Bloomington, Indiana. The Willi Apel Early Music Endowment Fund , established by his wife, awards annual scholarships to students at the Jacobs School of Music at Indiana University .
  • Joachim Georg Boeckh (1899–1968) was the leader of a Protestant Bible study group in Cannstatt . After serving as a soldier at the front during the First World War , he studied medicine, philosophy and theology at the Eberhard Karls University in Tübingen from 1919 . From 1919 he was a member of the Bibelkreis-Treuebundes and in 1920 he was a co-founder of the youth movement of the Kings of Kings . In 1923 he was in the vicariate . From Easter 1926 to 1928 he taught in the German State Education Center Haubinda (DLEH) and under Alfred Andreesen at Ettersburg Castle , which, for example, the student Wernher von Braun visited. From Easter 1928 to October 1931 Boeckh was a teacher in the Free School Community in Wickersdorf. He then worked as a lecturer for the German language in the Soviet Union until 1933 . From 1934 he took over a position as a lecturer in the Voggenreiter Verlag in Potsdam, which was important for the Bündische Jugend and the scout movement . He was arrested by the National Socialists in October 1935 on the charge of "bunding activities" , but released again for lack of evidence. Between 1937 and 1944 he taught at the Odenwald School , where he served as a teacher from January 1940. In February 1942, he made up for the exams he had previously lacked for teaching at the Justus Liebig University in Giessen . From 1945 to 1949 Boeckh acted as director of the Collegium Academicum of the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität in Heidelberg. In 1949 he was appointed professor of German studies at the State University of Potsdam , but in 1951/52 he switched to the Berlin Humboldt University as professor of literary history . In early 1953, he was charged with sexual acts with minors between the ages of 14 and 18 and sentenced to two years in prison. This resulted in the loss of his professorship at Humboldt University . From 1954 he was able to work as an employee of the Academy of Sciences in East Berlin, between 1956 and 1961 as the head of the department for literary history there.
Josephine Dellisch, around 1930
  • Josephine Dellisch (1891–1970) taught German and French around 1914/15 at the public high school for girls in Mödling, Austria . Around 1918 she worked in the office of the Psychoanalytical Institute in Berlin, where she was also analyzed. She was friends with the psychoanalysts Anna Freud , Alix Strachey (1892–1973) and James Strachey . Anna Freud characterized Dellisch in 1920 to her older brother Ernst Freud as very intelligent and cultivated, as a perfect lady with a pronounced educational influence on her students. Dellisch lived temporarily under miserable economic conditions due to a lack of employment as a teacher. Anna Freud therefore tried again and again for Dellisch's well-being. From 1922 to 1928, Dellisch taught French in the free school community in Wickersdorf. There she led a comradeship. Immediately after the Second World War , Dellisch worked at the Odenwald School.
  • The from Potsdam native Alfred Ehrentreich taught from 1922 to 1924 in the outdoor school community the subjects English, French and history before settling of Fritz Karsen to Kaiser-Friedrich-secondary school (1929 in Karl-Marx-school renamed) by Berlin-Neukölln poach let. At the same time, he acted as one of the shop stewards of the school by the sea on the North Sea island of Juist and temporarily chaired its “outer community”. After the power transfer to the Nazis , he received a few months disbarment and served later as a warehouse manager (KLV-wire) the Kinderlandverschickung . After the end of the war, he briefly taught in Kassel , North Hesse , before he was appointed head of the old state school in Korbach .
Julius Frankenberger , 1931
Hans Freyer , around 1925
  • Hans Freyer from Saxony worked from 1911 to 1912 as an assistant history teacher in the Free School Community. He belonged to the group of young people around the publisher Eugen Diederichs and the pedagogue and philosopher Herman Nohl . He was a sociologist, historian and philosopher with a doctorate and postdoctoral qualification, chairman of the “Association of Friends of Schools by the Sea” or the resulting “external community” of the school by the sea and one of their confidants who moved to Juist after the school closed in August 1934 stopped at school to talk to Martin Luserke before he set sail with his poet ship Krake . On December 1, 1934, Freyer headed the extraordinary meeting of the “outside community” of the Schule am Meer in his private home in Leipzig-Liebertwolkwitz, in order to have its dissolution decided.
  • Hedda Gagliardi-Korsch taught German and English in the Free School Community from 1916 to 1921 . She paused between October 1919 and October 1920, joined the USPD during this time and switched to the Free School and Work Community Sinntalhof run by Max Bondy and the former FSG scholarship holder Ernst Putz , where she taught from May 1922 to March 1923 English and French was active. Putz, the FSG teacher Paul Reiner and the FSG student Horst Horster (1903–1981) were politicized by her and her husband Karl Korsch .
  • Otto Garthe (1890-1946) was the school doctor and biology teacher of the Free School Community in Wickersdorf from 1919 to 1923 and the husband of the painter and sculptor Margarethe Garthe (1891-1976), who worked at the FSG from 1919 to 1924 as housekeeper. Shortly after he had given up this job due to an illness, he briefly took over his position as deputy headmaster for the sick August Halm in 1924 , whereby both had to step in for Martin Luserke , who was on leave during this time, and during this time he set up his school by the sea in Loog on the North Sea island of Juist . Margarethe Garthe had created a bust of Gustav Wyneken , which in 1926, on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the FSG , adorned the cover of the November issue of the magazine Junge Menschen published by Walter Hammer (1888–1966) . Otto Garthe was friends with the philosopher Rudolf Carnap .
Paul Geheeb , 1909
  • Paul Hermann Albert Heinrich Geheeb , who came from a pharmacist's household in the Rhön and was the first headmaster of the Free School Community with Gustav Wyneken , held office there from 1906 to 1908 and taught from 1906 to 1909. After a profound rift with Wyneken, partly because of their completely opposing sides Attributing characters and different educational ideas, he founded the Odenwald School near Ober-Hambach in 1910 with his wife Edith Geheeb-Cassirer . After the cession of power to the National Socialists , the couple left Germany and founded the Ecole d'Humanité in Hasliberg in the Swiss canton of Bern in 1934 , which still exists today. Geheeb had studied theology at the Friedrich Wilhelms University in Berlin and at the Friedrich Schiller University in Jena, but also devoted himself to medicine, psychology, education and linguistics. In 1891 he was noticed by criticism of the treatment of women. He described it as sad and dangerous, “[...] when the German sons of the Muses call woman the most wretched and wretched of all creatures, call the female sex the merely passive one, and more and more pay homage to the view that woman has no higher purpose than that it serves the man to satisfy his sensual desires and as a machine for human reproduction ”. He followed the workers' and women's movements very carefully, played and wandered with children from the backyards of Berlin's working-class neighborhoods. He also campaigned against alcohol abuse . In 1893 he passed the theological and in 1899 the philosophical state examination in religion and oriental languages. In 1893/94 he was an employee of the Trübner'schen Anstalten near Jena. His fellow student Hermann Lietz brought him in 1902 to the German Landerziehungsheim Haubinda (DLEH), which he had founded the previous year , which Geheeb took over when Lietz moved to Schloss Bieberstein . The Odenwaldschule was considered Geheeb's actual life's work, one of the most uncompromising free schools in Germany. Otto Friedrich Bollnow characterized Geheeb as a leader figure who, in contrast to other educators of the time, was not actively carried away. Instead, he developed an atmosphere of trust and awe for the uniqueness of each individual, in which children and young people could develop according to their individuality, rather quietly and almost imperceptibly.
  • Alix Guillain (1876–1951) was born in Brussels and taught her mother tongue, French, in the Free School Community from 1906 to 1909 . The anarchist and Marxist also worked as a journalist and translator, for example in 1929 for the Moscow Marx-Engels Institute . She was married to the historian, philosopher and translator Bernhard Groethuysen .
  • The Austrian Fritz Hafner worked from 1907 to 1914 and from 1919 to 1925 as an art teacher in the Free School Community . He had studied painting for eight years at the art academy in Stuttgart and, because of his good performance, received a scholarship for a six-month study visit to Italy. His work was aimed at depicting the landscape and flora as naturalistic as possible , which he was able to realize in his scenic areas of activity. At Easter 1925 he moved with his wife Christfriede "Christel", née Salin, and child to the Schule am Meer in Juist , where he also served as a member of the Board of Trustees of the Schule am Meer foundation . In 1934/35 he was the founder of the local museum in Juist . He remained on the North Sea island until the end of his life.
  • August Halm from Württemberg had taught music from 1903 to 1906 in the Haubinda German State Education Center (DLEH). From 1906 to 1910 and from 1920 to 1929 he taught the subject in the Free School Community . The music aesthetician and composer acted as headmaster between 1925 and 1928, as successor to Martin Luserke . He was the brother-in-law of Gustav Wyneken . Halm’s musical focus was on the works of Bach , Beethoven and Bruckner (“the three big B”), which he described as “true music”, and in part also Mozart . Attendance was compulsory for all pupils, teachers and auxiliary staff at the “morning languages” and “evening languages” held and musically designed by Halm, as well as his music evenings.
  • Bernhard Hell , who comes from Degerloch , taught German and philosophy in the Free School Community from 1907 to 1919 . Between 1914 and 1916 he represented Martin Luserke , who was appointed on the Western Front , as headmaster. After arguments with Gustav Wyneken , he briefly joined Bernhard Uffrecht's re-establishment of the Free School and Work Community in 1919 , before teaching in the Landschulheim am Solling in Holzminden until 1930 . On the former site of a Benedictine convent , he founded the Urspring School near Schelklingen in 1930 in order to run it as a non-profit, evangelical and reform-pedagogical rural education home or boarding school.
Ludwig Hirschfeld-Mack , 1923
Jaap Kool , 1933
  • The Amsterdam- born Jacob "Jaap" Hendrik Willem Kool grew up mainly in the East Frisian Emden . He enjoyed a permissive upbringing; the mother came from a naturist family. In 1905 he rebelled against the military drill at the Emden Wilhelmsgymnasium , which he attended. After a short boarding school at the German Landerziehungsheim (DLEH) in Haubinda, his parents made it possible for him to move to the newly opened Free School Community in Wickersdorf, where he was one of their first students and stayed from 1906 to 1909. There he became close friends with Alexander "Sascha" Gerhardi (1889–1967). Both felt closely connected with Wyneken and Wickersdorf throughout their lives. From 1911 he studied chemistry and musicology at the University of Zurich . In the Zurich nightlife, where he tended to debauchery with his friend Gerhardi, he contracted a sexually transmitted disease. He had to break off his studies there after the preliminary diploma examination . The beginning of the war and the lack of teachers caused by the large number of euphoric volunteers offered him the opportunity to work as an assistant teacher for music education in his former country school in Wickersdorf from October 1915 . At the end of the war he moved to Berlin to study music at the Stern Conservatory . As jazz - saxophonist headed it an occurring under his name orchestra in the capital. His unconventional compositions with borrowings from African rhythms made him well-known in the Berlin music scene. In the contemporary tabloid press he was described as the “bird of paradise of the Berlin scene”. There he worked for example with Anita Berber , Ellen Cleve-Petz (1890–1977), Karl Gustav Vollmoeller , Lena Amsel , Jutta Klamt and Leni Riefenstahl . With Riefenstahl, Kool went on a study trip to New York City in 1924 . The founder of the Vox record and speaking machine stock corporation , August Stauch , brought him to the Berlin Vox-Haus in 1923 as program director and artistic director , where he stayed until 1925. The stock market crash on October 24, 1929 marked a hard turning point. The free school community in Wickersdorf has now once again become the rescue center for Kools, who taught chemistry and music there from 1929 to 1940 and was headmaster from 1930 to 1933. From 1930 to 1932 the former FSG pupil Vlasta “Asta” Libusche Josephine Hájek (* 1909 in Breslau) from Gustav Wyneken's comradeship worked there as an auxiliary teacher for French, with whom Jaap Kool entered a liaison. Forced to resign by the National Socialists in 1933 , he remained managing director of Internat GmbH. For the cabaret program of the emigrated UFA actor Kurt Gerron at the Hollandsche Schouwburg in Amsterdam, Kool composed a large number of pieces of music, as well as film music for Gerron's directorial work. Then the Wickersdorf school community , where he had meanwhile been elected to the supervisory board, urgently called him back to the Thuringian Forest . Kool composed a musical pantomime for the German National Theater Weimar . This gave him the contract for an opera, financed by the cultural fund of the Nazi leisure organization Kraft durch Freude (KdF). When the German Wehrmacht occupied the Netherlands in 1940, Kool was forced to withdraw from the board of directors of the school community and moved to the Netherlands. The Nederlandsch-Duitsche Kultuurgemeenschap , active from 1941 to 1944, offered him the management of a new opera house in 1942. In this role he commissioned Leo Justinus Kauffmann to compose an opera. From autumn 1945 back in Wickersdorf, he tried to get the boarding school back on track and tried to win Gustav Wyneken again as headmaster despite his repeated abuse. In the post-war period, Kool had to make ends meet as a bar musician, worked in the timber trade and was able to open a small music shop in The Hague in the early 1950s . In 1945/46 his son Stefan Kool (* 1933) was a student of the FSG , daughter Sibylle Kool (* 1938) attended the village school.
  • Walter Kühne (1875–1956), a painter, draftsman and graphic artist from Jamlitz in Niederlausitz, taught as a drawing teacher in the Free School Community in 1915/16 . He later placed the daughter of the Berlin painter Franz Lippisch , Bianca Commichau-Lippisch , as a teacher at the FSG and financed his own son Walter Georg Kühne 's boarding school stay, and from Easter 1925 also a visit to the school by the sea on Juist .
Ernst Kurth , around 1928
  • After his doctorate in 1908, the Austrian Ernst Kurth taught music in the Free School Community from February 1911 to April 1912 and from April 1914 onwards . Kurth founded the choir work of the FSG , the large choir of children, young people and adults as well as a smaller choir with musically gifted people in the sense of a Collegium musicum , which developed a completely different repertoire than the large FSG choir. For example, Kurth held courses on music theory or stylistics at the FSG , organized up to three music evenings per week and gave private piano and cello lessons . He completed his habilitation in Bern, was appointed associate professor in 1920 and full professor in 1927. As a result, he worked mainly in Switzerland. With his works he exerted a great influence on musicology . From 1925 he worked as a sponsor of the school by the sea in Juist and was one of their confidants.
Wilhelm Lehmann , around 1905
  • Wilhelm Lehmann was a Venezuela-born educator and writer with a doctorate . From 1912 to 1920 he was a teacher in the Free School Community , where he met Martin Luserke , whom he saw as headmaster until the start of the war in 1914. In the FSG he was the leader of the "Lehmänner" comradeship named after him. He made it possible for his son Berthold (1908–1996) to visit the FSG from 1916 to 1920 . Just like Luserke, Lehmann also got into pedagogical conflict with school founder Gustav Wyneken and followed Bernhard Hell together with his colleague Hans-Windekilde Jannasch to the Landschulheim am Solling . Lehmann took part in World War I from 1917 , but deliberately deserted into British captivity in September 1918. This is the theme of Lehmann's 1925 to 1927 novel Der Überläufer , which, however, could not be published until 1962. Alfred Döblin , father of a student at the Schule am Meer , awarded Lehmann the Kleist Prize in 1923 , at the same time as Robert Musil . Lehmann joined the NSDAP on May 1, 1933 out of concern for his profession and his official status - “against his innermost convictions”.
  • The Rome- born Bianca Mathilde Helene Agnes Lippisch , called "Bice", daughter of the Berlin painter Franz August Gotthelf Lippisch and admirer of the poet Stefan George , taught drawing in the Free School Community from 1917 to 1919 during her training in Weimar . She headed one of the comradeships there and got involved in Luserke's “movement game” ( performing game ), for which she designed costumes and sets, but also wrote scripts and staged plays. During her teaching career in Wickersdorf for example, portrayed one from Mongolia originating FSG -Schülerin in their traditional clothing, a painting that has been preserved. From 1920 she was mainly involved as a portrait painter in the Spreewalddorf Jamlitz in the project of the arts and crafts workshops and from May 21, 1921 married the estate inspector Alfred Carl Rudolph Commichau (1894–1944). During the Second World War, her husband was the commander of the 1st Battalion of the 691th Infantry Regiment belonging to the 339th Infantry Division of the Wehrmacht . In October 1941, he gave the order to shoot Belarusian Jewish civilians near Krucha near Smolensk . A number of the Commichau-Lippisch paintings stored in Lübben were destroyed when the city was destroyed. After the end of the war in 1945 she moved with her three daughters to the house of her father, who died in 1941, in Jamlitz, where she had to support the family with her paintings - including landscapes. In 1964 she moved to Schleswig-Holstein to live with her youngest daughter.
Martin Luserke , 1931
  • Martin Luserke from Berlin , known as "Lu", teacher of German and religious studies as well as mathematics, theater maker, storyteller and writer. In 1908 he married the housekeeper of the FSG , Annemarie Gerwien (1878–1926), who has since been called "Frau Lu". At Easter 1925 he moved from the Free School Community to the school he had founded by the sea in the Loog in Juist . After the school closed at the beginning of the National Socialism , he turned away from the island. He realized a childhood dream and drove in his Blazer Krake with his initially fifteen-year-old son Dieter (1918-2005) for about four years the coastal waters of the North and Baltic Seas , wrote imaginative books and in 1935 won the literary prize of the Reich capital Berlin for his most successful novel, Hasko excellent. Between 1947 and 1952 he initiated the Meldorfer way of playing at the Meldorfer Scholars' School . In 1954 he was awarded the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany for his outstanding achievements in the " Performing Game " . In particular, his Grotesque Blood and Love , which he wrote in 1906 for the opening of the Free School Community in Wickersdorf and brought it to the stage, is still rehearsed and performed by amateur theater groups, including in many schools.
  • Werner Meyer was from March 22, 1941 to October 14, 1945 educational director of the school community Wickersdorf . It was not until June 27, 1944 that he was hired as a regular teacher after he had passed further exams. In 1939/40 he was drafted into the Wehrmacht . Before that, he did his doctorate with Karl Jaspers at the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität in Heidelberg . From Easter 1927 he was employed as a teacher for German, ancient languages ​​and history at the Odenwald School . After the couple Edith and Paul Geheeb emigrated in 1934, he ran this boarding school together with Heinrich Sachs (1894–1946) and with the support of Edith Geheeb's father Max Cassirer until 1939. In 1935 he married Edith Klatt, the divorced wife of the reform pedagogue Fritz Klatt . Meyer actively supported National Socialism and joined the NSDAP on May 1, 1937 . From November 1945 he worked in teacher training in Altenburg, Thuringia, and then as a teacher at the grammar school in Alzey, Rhineland-Hesse. From 1954 to 1957 he was senior government councilor in the Hessian Ministry of Culture and later active in teacher training. From 1961 to 1967 he taught until his retirement as a professor for didactics of German language and literature at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main. He co-founded the Frankfurt am Main University of Education (HfE) in 1960 and was its President in 1963/64, before it was integrated into the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in 1967 as the Department of Education .
  • Georg Hellmuth Neuendorff , who comes from the province of Brandenburg , taught English in the Free School Community from April 1909 to August 1911 . He was accused of fornication with an FSG pupil, left Wickersdorf and founded the Dürerschule Hochwaldhausen in 1912 in Vogelsberg, Hesse . In 1914, the temporary Wandervogel guide and grammar school director criticized Wyneken in a publication. This has constructed a "radical dogmatism"; with this he offered “the same youth that he wanted to raise freely and independently”: “That Wyneken did not notice this monstrous contradiction himself! But lust for power probably made him blind. "
  • Rudolf Pannwitz taught in 1908 as an assistant teacher for the subject German in the Free School Community before he worked as a writer and philosopher. Shortly before and after his stay in Wickersdorf, he published two works on elementary school teachers and the German language and culture.
Otto Peltzer , around 1923
  • Otto Peltzer , born in Schleswig-Holstein , a successful athlete but not a teacher, officially taught biology, geography and history, unofficially (so as not to lose his amateur status ), sport in the Free School Community from 1926 to 1933 at the instigation of Peter Suhrkamp . According to Suhrkamp's stipulations, Peltzer was supposed to recruit talented athletes for the FSG on a commission basis. From May 1, 1933, Peltzer was a member of the NSDAP and the SS . Peltzer was responsible for pedosexual attacks on children and young people such as 13-year-old Arnold Ernst Fanck and 15-year-old Algirdas Savickis within and outside the FSG, and also on 12-year-old schoolchildren at the Teutonia sports club in Berlin. In the case of Arnold Fanck junior and the 12-year-olds in Berlin, Peltzer was sentenced to prison for the first time in 1935 for sexual abuse of children and fornication with addicts ( Section 174 No. 1 RStGB in two cases, Section 175 RStGB in one case, Section 176 No. 3 RStGB in two cases), whereby the Berlin Regional Court , according to the reasoning for the judgment, repeatedly exercised leniency in favor of Peltzer. He was in close contact with the pedophile teacher team within the FSG around Gustav Wyneken and Fernand Petitpierre , even after 1945. According to the memories of the FSG student Friedrich Schoenfelder , Peltzer was very fixated on the athletic disciplines, so other sports were included in his lessons tended to fall short.
  • Fernand Petitpierre from Switzerland taught from 1915 to 1922 and from 1926 to 1931 in the Free School Community , where he taught French. He was a follower of Gustav Wyneken , to whom he remained closely connected throughout his life, and of "educational eros", probably exercised sexual violence against students and later wrote homoerotic works under the pseudonym René Lermite . In 1919/20 he fell victim to the FSG student Kalistros Thielicke (1905–1944), for example .
  • Paul Reiner taught chemistry and physics in the Free School Community . The Franconian had a doctorate in chemistry , came from the youth movement ( Bündische Jugend ), and was a co-founder of the first German abstinent youth association and the southern German wandering bird . For a short time he belonged to the George circle around the poet Stefan George , was assistant to the economist and sociologist Alfred Weber during his studies and in 1919 a member of the board of the revolutionary decided youth of Germany (EJD). He was also an employee of the Marxist politician Karl Korsch in the Thuringian cabinet made up of the SPD and KPD . At Easter 1925 he moved with his wife Anni, who taught German and arithmetic, and their four daughters to school by the sea on the North Sea island of Juist .
Peter Suhrkamp , around 1925
Bernhard Uffrecht , around 1920
Carl Maria Weber , around 1925
Erne Wehnert, around 1930
  • Between January 1914 and July 1916, Ernst Schertel from Munich taught the subjects German, Ancient History and Religious History in the Free School Community , where he led the comradeship of the “chamois”. In Wickersdorf he developed so-called “ mystery games ”, inspired by Asian dance festivals , which were accompanied by suggestive music composed by Schertel without key . He had his boys embroidered, read to them from the Gilgamesh epic and taught them ancient Egyptian art. However, his educational efforts met with reservations: the fact that he made his students understand the "conviction of the human-forming and culture-promoting power of male-male love" led to the end of his work in Wickersdorf. His colleague Hedda Gagliardi-Korsch , who took over some of his students after he left, complained that Schertel had caused “real damage” among the students in some areas. The boarding school retained the preoccupation with works by Stefan George , initiated by Schertel and Paul Reiner .
  • The teacher Ernst Schubert (1879) holds the record among all teaching staff at the FSG when it comes to his long-term presence in this boarding school. From 1907 to 1936 he taught his students German, history, music and school theater there. But then he was dismissed at the instigation of the NS headmaster Paul Döring (1903-1998) because he was an “upright opponent” of the National Socialists due to his “liberalist outlook” . His wife Gertrud (1880) worked for the FSG almost at the same time, from 1908 to 1936, as a carer for the girls. Ernst Schubert remained connected to the FSG even after his politically motivated dismissal. He last lived in Hanover with his wife.
  • Peter Suhrkamp , who comes from Kirchhatten , came to the Free School Community through contact with the youth movement , where he taught from 1925 to 1929 and served as educational director from 1926 to 1929. He brought the world-famous athlete Otto Peltzer to the FSG, who was supposed to acquire talented students in order to improve the sporting reputation of the boarding school. He is said to have been respected and popular both in the college and among his students. On April 1, 1929, however, he gave up his teaching profession. In 1950 he founded Suhrkamp Verlag in Frankfurt am Main .
  • Bernhard Uffrecht , who comes from the province of Saxony , taught in the free school community from 1911 to 1919 before he founded the free school and work community in 1919 after a falling out with Gustav Wyneken . As headmaster of the municipal high school and state advanced school in Haldensleben, he was asked in 1945 by the Thuringian State Office for National Education to take over the management of the FSG , as he was not a member of the NSDAP .
  • Carl Maria Weber , born in Düsseldorf, studied German and literary history in Bonn from 1912 to 1919. He was a pacifist, was after the First World War, the Wandervogel movement on organized trips and supervised youth groups. From 1914 he was acquainted with Karl Hiller , who was friends with Gustav Wyneken , and had contact with Thomas Mann . In 1920 he was entrusted by Wilhelm Vershofen with the lecture system for the workmen at House Nyland in the Thuringian-Franconian Sonneberg . From 1921 to 1926 he taught German, history and mathematics at the FSG . He was also active as an author of expressionist poetry and essays with an anti-militarist tendency - a circumstance which, in addition to his homosexuality, made life increasingly difficult for him during the Nazi era . In 1942 he was forced to join the NSDAP and was therefore dismissed by the US administration after the end of the war, also because he was an air defense instructor. He died impoverished.
  • Erna Wehnert (1900–1985), known as "Erne", initially assistant teacher for English and Latin in the Free School Community from 1924 , looked after the four children of Annemarie and Martin Luserke, who were born in Wickersdorf . In 1926 she switched to the school by the sea in Juist as a full-time teacher . Together with Dieter and Martin Luserke as well as Beate Köstlin (later known internationally as Beate Uhse) Erne Wehnert went on Luserke's poet ship Krake . After the end of the war, the Fischland on the Mecklenburg or West Pomerania Baltic coast reminded them of Juist. From October 1946 she headed the two schools in Althagen (Mecklenburg) and Ahrenshoop (Western Pomerania) and rebuilt the school there with commitment. She adapted Luserkes movement game ( performing game ) there with the Fischländer Spielschar that she founded .
Gustav Wyneken , around 1925
  • Gustav Wyneken , who comes from Stade , was the headmaster of the Free School Community from 1906 to 1910 and 1919/20 . He was dismissed from the Ministry of Culture in 1910. After the November Revolution of 1919, Martin Luserke probably called him back to the school management. In 1920 Wyneken found himself exposed to allegations of sexual abuse of schoolchildren and had to quit work in October of the same year. As a result, he was sentenced to one year in prison on August 30, 1921 for indecent acts (§§ 176, 176a RStGB ) and abuse of his authority as headmaster during the so-called "Eros Trial". The revision negotiation confirmed the sentence and attracted great attention through the self-portrayal of the "expert" Hans Blüher . In Wyneken's Eros , published in 1921 after his dismissal for sexual abuse, he tried to find a theoretical foundation and justification for pedophile practices and had a printed “solidarity sheet” attached by the teachers he liked. In his writing he stated, among other things: “But then you will also feel that the body has a completely different validity here than in the world, that it is directly involved in the life (in the spiritual life) of this community [ Free School Community Wickersdorf ] is involved. [...] The body is the development of the lonely, self-contained soul in space [...], it is blossoming in color and sound, in bonds and vibrations, it is grace, devotion, love, beauty, happiness. [...] we know that the boys' love bond with its [sic!] Leader is the most beautiful thing that can be granted to young people. "In this context, it is noteworthy that the former headmaster of the Odenwald School , Gerold Becker , who was accused of sexual abuse for decades , maintained close contact with Wyneken. Both are still wrongly considered icons of German reform pedagogy in some circles .

Known students

Rodolfo Alberto Auvert, 1943
  • Rodolfo Alberto Auvert (born May 23, 1914 in Maracaibo , Venezuela ; † June 24, 1952 in Boston , Erie County , New York , United States ) was the eldest of seven children of the resident businessman Rodolfo Augusto Auvert (1886–1963) and his wife Maria Albertina Silva (* 1888). In his hometown, he first attended the Colegio Alemán de Maracaibo , founded in 1894, to learn the German language before he became a student of the Free School Community in Wickersdorf in Germany from November 1931 . Quoted from: Student directory of the Free School Community Wickersdorf. In: Archives of the German Youth Movement, Ludwigstein Castle, Witzenhausen, Hesse. - He was the student of the FSG whose parents were the furthest away from Wickersdorf. After graduating from high school, he studied medicine at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in Berlin until the outbreak of the Second World War , where he met his friend Humberto Fernández Morán (1924–1999), whom he knew from his hometown. Since Rodolfo's father was half of Jewish descent, he was concerned about the personal safety of his son in the Nazi state and insisted that his son leave the country in 1939. Stud. Med. Rodolfo married the German Ilse Gerda Natalie Braun on November 13, 1939 in the Danish capital of Copenhagen (born August 2, 1919 in Berlin). The civil registration shows a different date of birth for Rodolfo Auvert, May 17, 1915. Quoted from: Københavns Stadsarkiv (Copenhagen City Archives), Civil Registration 1939, Løbe No. 8363 . From this marriage two daughters were born, Isabel (born April 17, 1941) and Jacqueline (born July 23, 1945). - After Rodolfo at the University of Bern had enrolled, he moved with his wife to Switzerland, where he completed his studies in 1942 with the promotion of Dr. med. from. His inaugural dissertation is entitled On the fate of 216 people with rectal cancer . Quoted from: German National Library , GND 571774997. - In Berne he then worked for two years as an assistant at the Institute for Radiology at the Second Medical Clinic. In Solothurn he worked in the hospital. After the end of the war, Rodolfo returned to Venezuela, where he practiced as a specialist in internal medicine and radiologist in a private practice, where he sometimes treated poor patients free of charge and gave out medication. In Maracaibo he suffered a stroke at the age of 38, was flown to the United States on a long flight with stopovers financed by his father due to a lack of local neurologists, and died about two days after arriving at a US hospital. Quoted from: Ricardo Salas-Auvert (* 1959, nephew Rodolfos), Montréal, Québec, Canada, various emails from August 2020.
  • After a high school in Berlin, Ruth Bamberger (1914–1983) attended the Free School Community from 1925 on , before moving to School by the Sea in Juist at Easter 1927 . In the fall of 1930 her 10-year-old brother Klaus (1920–2008) started school there as a sextan. Her father Otto Bamberger visited his two children on Juist. On March 22, 1933, Ruth passed her school leaving examination at the seaside school . After that, she trained as a teacher at the Berlin Jewish seminar for kindergarten teachers and Hortnerinnen under the direction of doctoral Lina Wolff (* 1897). This was a sister of Ruth's mother Henriette (1891–1978) and thus Ruth's aunt. During this training, she completed an internship at the Jewish school camp of Hugo Rosenthal in Mr. Lingen . Then Ruth went to England as an au pair to a family of the DuPont dynasty. In 1938 Ruth emigrated to the United States, where she was appointed head of the Jewish kindergarten in Louisville , Kentucky . Later she specialized in the educational care of mentally handicapped children and became a respected advisor in this field.
Ulrich Becher , 1924
Otto Braun , around 1908
  • Otto Braun , who came from Zehlendorf near Berlin, was a student in the Free School Community from April 1907 to the end of September 1908 . There he befriended Otto Gründler in particular . Otto was the son of the social democratic women's rights activist, journalist and writer Lily Braun and the SPD politician and publicist Heinrich Braun . Otto was considered a "child prodigy" and adored the poet Stefan George . Like the other FSG students at the time, he was drawn into the escalating disputes between the school principals Paul Geheeb and Gustav Wyneken . When the eleven-year-old joined Geheeb's position, Wyneken viewed him as an opponent. As a result, everyday boarding school life in Wickersdorf developed into a nightmare for the highly intelligent boy, from which he sought to withdraw into solitude. Otto's diary was published posthumously in 1919, so that his descriptions, including from letters to his mother, have been preserved: “I don't feel at home in Wickersdorf. […] And one more thing: I can't strengthen my will and my character here. ”He tried to escape, but was picked up at the train station in Saalfeld . At the age of 17 he volunteered as a war volunteer in 1914. He and five comrades fell in a grenade attack in 1918. Otto's posthumous lyrical works were published in Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States after the war and some of them became bestsellers. Wyneken, however, did not give a damn about Otto's poetic work.
  • The Chinese-born Clara Cordes (1907–1985), known as “Clärchen”, attended the German School in Beijing from 1915 to 1923 , and then attended the Wickersdorf Free School Community . She was the daughter of the lawyer, diplomat, translator and banker Heinrich Cordes . At Easter 1925, Clara switched to school by the sea in Juist . From 1927 to 1929 she was trained as a gymnastics teacher in Hamburg. From Easter 1931 to Easter 1932 she was employed as a teacher at the FSG Wickersdorf . She married Hans Werner Skafte Rasmussen , who, like his younger brothers Ove and Arne, had also attended the FSG , the latter two also attending the school by the sea in Loog on the North Sea island of Juist. Clara and her husband had five children.
  • Jürgen Alexander Justus Diederichs (born January 26, 1901; † January 27, 1976) was a student of the Free School Community from 1913 to 1921 . The son of the Jena publisher Eugen Diederichs taught after his school days in the Free School and Work Community Sinntalhof of Max Bondy and Ernst Putz , where he was responsible for horticulture and handicraft lessons.
  • Bernhard Dörries , born in Hanover as the son of a pastor, attended the Free School Community from 1915 to 1916. In 1917 he studied architecture at the Technical University of Hanover . However, through Kurt Schwitters he later turned to painting and studied it at the Berlin Art Academy in France, Italy and Spain, but taught himself most of it himself. He worked as a painter, graphic artist, lithographer and art writer. In the Kunstverein Hannover he was active as a member of the board. In 1925 he was awarded the Rome Prize and received a scholarship for the Villa Massimo , where he mainly studied Piero della Francesca and Masaccio . In 1933 he became a member of the NSDAP . He exhibited regularly, for example at the Great German Art Exhibition , and was awarded the Diplome de Grand Prix at the 1937 World Exhibition in Paris . In the Herrenhausen Gardens of Herrenhausen Palace , he executed wall paintings in the large garden pavilion that were destroyed in an air raid on October 18, 1943 in World War II . Between 1938 and 1945 he took over a professorship at the Berlin Art Academy, succeeding Georg Schrimpf . He lived mainly in Hanover and Berlin, between 1945 and 1949 in Langenholtensen near Northeim . Between 1950 and 1952 he traveled to France, Greece and Italy. From 1955 to 1966 he held a professorship for scientific drawing at the University of the Arts in Berlin. He died in Bielefeld at the age of 80.
Hans Kurt Eisner , around 1923
Arnold Ernst Fanck , 1939
  • Arnold Ernst Fanck , the biological and adoptive son of the film director and producer Arnold Fanck , was a student at the Wickersdorfer Landerziehungsheim from 1930 to 1938, where he became very close friends with the Magdeburg doctor's son Max Kahn (1919–1982), the son of Arnold Jr. "Maxe" called, who attended the Wickersdorf boarding school from 1930 to 1934. Later, Arnold junior also became a close friend of the one year younger Berlin director's son Werner Mehr (* 1920), who visited the school community from 1934 to 1938. Werner Mehr and Arnold junior passed their school-leaving exams in the school community in the same year . Arnold junior reunited with his two friends (at least / at the latest) in the 1970s in Wickersdorf. At the age of fourteen, Arnold Jr. brought charges of sexual abuse against his sports teacher Otto Peltzer in 1933 . He decided to stay in the boarding school anyway and later passed his school leaving examination there. Then he experienced the event of his life: he was allowed to travel to Chile with his father and a film team with the cameramen Albert Benitz and Hans Ertl by ocean liner to take part in the shooting of the film A Robinson . As a camera assistant and photographer, he played a productive role in this. Around 400 of his photos from this expedition have been preserved to this day. On the trip through Tierra del Fuego and Patagonia , he made friends with the scriptwriter and producer Rolf Meyer and the camera assistant Arndt von Rautenfeld , experienced a severe earthquake and enjoyed an unscheduled trip on the luxury liner TS Bremen , on which he traveled from rich US Americans endured and fell in love with a young American woman. His father had managed by cable to Bremen and New York City that the cruise ship left its regular route to record the film team in Punta Arenas . From there the trip went via Buenos Aires , Rio de Janeiro and Bahia to New York City. Arnold Ernst was drafted into the Wehrmacht , took part in the western campaign in 1940 and in the Russian campaign from 1941 . In 1942 he lost a leg during the Battle of Stalingrad . He remained closely connected to photography; In 1964 a number of his recordings of minerals were published in a book that is now available as an antiquarian. His collection of attractive stones, laid out over decades, has been preserved, as have many of his photographic works. Arnold junior married in 1951 and had two children with his wife. He died at the age of 74.
Laurence Feininger , 1925/26
Ines Schmidt , 1981
  • Ines Geipel , née Schmidt, was a boarding school student in Wickersdorf from 1974 to summer 1977. From September 1977 she was active as a track and field athlete at SC Motor Jena and was a member of the GDR national athletics team from 1980. In 1985 she had to break off her sporting career for political reasons and finished her German studies at the Friedrich Schiller University in Jena. In the summer of 1989 she fled via Hungary to the Federal Republic, where she studied philosophy and sociology at the Technical University in Darmstadt . She has worked as a writer since 1996; In 1999 she published the novel Das Heft , in which she processed impressions of boarding school life. In 2001 she received a professorship for verse art at the Ernst Busch Academy of Dramatic Art in Berlin. In 2002, her radio play Die Russische was produced by Deutschlandradio . In 2011 she was honored with the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany .
  • Georg Gretor , pseudonym: Georges Barbizon (after his birthplace Barbizon near Paris), was a pupil of the Free School Community from 1911 to 1913 and at the same time acted as a substitute teacher for French due to his French mother tongue and his advanced age. He was a son of the painter Rosa Pfäffinger and the German-Danish painter and art dealer Willy Gretor . He grew up in France and England and from 1904 in Berlin with the sculptor Käthe Kollwitz , a college friend of his mother's. He was therefore the "foster brother" of Hans and Peter Kollwitz and brought them into contact with the youth movement ( Bündische Jugend ). Together with Siegfried Bernfeld (actually: Selig Bernfeld), he published the youth magazine Der Anfang from 1908 , which was as legendary as it was notorious and thus well-known throughout the Reich. For example, he wrote a report on the First Freideutschen Jugendtag in 1913 on the Hohe Meißner , in which the FSG students took part and Martin Luserke and Gustav Wyneken gave speeches. During the First World War Georg studied in neutral Switzerland at the universities in Zurich and Basel. In 1922 he married Esther Kaae , moved to Denmark with her and worked in Copenhagen as a correspondent for German press organs. From 1927 he worked as a correspondent for the Danish daily Politiken in Hamburg. After the transfer of power to the National Socialists, the couple moved again to Denmark, where Georg worked as editor of Politiken . There they took in emigrants from Germany in their house in Frederikssund . His contact with Käthe Kollwitz was lifelong.
Peter Wolfgang Gross, around 1935
  • Peter Wolfgang Gross (1907–1946), called "Wolff", was the son of the Austrian anarchist, doctor, psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Otto Gross and his wife Frieda (1879–1956), née Schloffer. Peter passed his matriculation examination in Wickersdorf at Easter 1924 . From the summer semester of 1926 he studied medicine at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Berlin (Physikum, Easter 1928), at the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität in Freiburg im Breisgau, at the Sorbonne in Paris and at the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität in Heidelberg ( State examination 1932). After the medical internship year from January 15, 1933 to January 15, 1934, which he completed at the Medical Clinic Heidelberg and the Surgical Clinic Heidelberg, he received his doctorate in 1934. As a so-called " Reichsdeutscher " (RD), however , he was granted a license to practice medicine " not granted". He received his doctorate again in 1937, this time at the University of Graz . After the occupation of Austria by the German armed forces , the conditions changed, whereby his Austrian license to practice medicine was recognized in the German Reich. As a medical intern he was infected with tuberculosis in Heidelberg . As a result, he had to stop working as a doctor in 1939/40. When he was drafted into service at the X-ray Institute of the Rudolf Virchow Hospital in Berlin and at the Psychotherapeutic Institute in Berlin in June 1940 , he had to give up these activities in the autumn of the same year. From Easter 1941 he was treated at the Deutsche Heilstätte in Davos. He died at the age of only 39.
  • Otto Gründler , stepson of the writer, graphic artist and book illustrator Alfred Kubin , was a student of the Free School Community from August 1907 to March 1914 after attending a private school , where he made close friends in particular with Otto Braun and Ernst Putz . He worked as an author on the youth newspaper The Beginning of Selig Bernfeld and Georges Barbizon . Since the boarding school was not allowed to take a school leaving examination at that time , he completed his schooling at the Oberrealschule in Sonneberg , Thuringia-Franconia , then studied theology at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich, worked as a journalist, became editor-in-chief, writer and publicist.
  • Born in Breslau , Vlasta "Asta" Libusche Josephine Hájek (* 1909) was a student in the Free School Community from January 1922 to March 1927 and was a member of Josephine Dellisch's (1891-1970) comradeship. Like her brother Fritz (* 1908), who was born in Bielitz and was attending boarding school at the same time, she passed her matriculation examination. The younger sister of the two, Libussa (* 1914), who was born in Breslau, was with the FSG from April 1924 to March 1927 . Asta taught French as an auxiliary teacher there from 1930 and was married to school principal Jaap Kool from 1932 , with whom she had two children, Stefan (* 1933) and Sibylle (* 1938). After the end of the war in 1945/46, both children attended Wickersdorf schools, Stefan the boarding school, Sibylle the village school.
Ernst Herdieckerhoff , around 1925
  • Ernst Herdieckerhoff was a doctor of chemistry at Bayer AG , who was both Christian and ethnic . Until 1906 he was a student at the German Landerziehungsheim Haubinda (DLEH) and from 1906 to 1912 a student at the Free School Community in Wickersdorf. At the DLEH , together with Martin Luserke, he founded the comradeship of the " bears ", which Luserke followed to Wickersdorf and Juist . Herdieckerhoff kept in contact with Martin Luserke all his life and supported the school by the sea , which he also went to. At Bayer AG he made friends with his work colleague Robert Ley , who later became Reichsleiter of the NSDAP and head of the German Labor Front (DAF). In 1924 Herdieckerhoff became a co-founder of the NSDAP local group in Opladen and deputy local group leader, also together with Oskar Wilhelm, who later became the local group leader of Leverkusen, editor of the West German observer . In 1928, Herdieckerhoff fell out with Ley, in this context also with the NSDAP , and declared that he was leaving the party.
  • Hans Hess OBE (1908–1975), son of the Erfurt shoe manufacturer, art collector and patron Alfred Hess and his wife Thekla (1884–1968), née Pauson, first attended the Odenwald School in southern Hesse before moving to the Free School Community in Thuringia and there in 1923 stayed until 1926. He had to break off his subsequent studies in art history in 1931 after his father died very early. Instead, he had to take care of his father's shoe factories, which had been troubled by the global economic crisis . Emigrated to France in 1933 before anti-Semitic persecution by the National Socialists, he initially worked in advertising before moving to England in 1935, where he was able to work at the Leicester Art Gallery . After the outbreak of war in 1939 he was interned as an enemy alien in the Hutchinson Internment Camp on the Isle of Man and later deported to Canada before he was allowed to return to England in 1942, where he was allowed to stay and work again. In 1947 he became director of the City Art Gallery in York , founded the York Festival and directed it until 1966. In 1958 he was awarded The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II . Until 1975, Hess taught art theory and history at Sussex University .
Horst Horster (3rd from left), around 1908
  • Horst Horster (1903-1981), a son of the magician Conradi-Horster and his wife Paula, née Breckling, was a student in the Free School Community from April 7, 1913 to March 1, 1920 , where he joined Hedda Gagliardi-Korsch's comradeship belonged and co-founded the KJVD group of the boarding school. When he was two years old, his parents had divorced. His teacher and her husband Karl Korsch therefore ended up with his surrogate parents during boarding school, and conversely, he was seen by them as a son. Both were friends with Bertolt Brecht and Helene Weigel , so that Horst also got to know them. After dropping out of school, he attended the teaching institute of the Kunstgewerbemuseum in Berlin, trained there with Waldemar Raemisch as a silversmith and taught crafts as a teacher in Wickersdorf from 1923 to 1926. In 1926 he married Karl Korsch's secretary Angelina Grochowalska, who was born in Brescia, Italy and grew up in Paris. In 1928 he is said to have set up his own workshop in Berlin-Reinickendorf and worked as a metal sculptor. After Ernst Putz's suicide in 1933, Hedda and Karl Korsch advised him to emigrate. He went to Denmark with his family, where he set up a silversmith's workshop in Copenhagen and ran a German-language puppet theater as a hobby.
Fritz Houtermans , 1927
  • From 1919 to 1921 Friedrich Georg Houtermans , who was born in Sopot near Gdansk in 1903 , called "Fritz" or "Fissel", attended the Wickersdorf boarding school. He is considered to be one of the most original and imaginative personalities in physicists who worked in German-speaking countries in the first half of the 20th century. His father was living in Sopot doctorate lawyer and banker Otto Houtermans (1878-1936). Fritz came from Vienna, where he in his single mother, who since about 1906/07 doctorate was raised chemist Elsa Houtermans (1878-1942), born Wanek. He had attended the Academic Gymnasium there, but had been expelled from it after reciting the Communist Manifesto in its foyer on May 1, 1919 . For his last two years at school, the primary school student came to the FSG in Wickersdorf and passed his matriculation examination in 1921 as an external student at the Oberrealschule in Sonneberg, Thuringia-Franconia . Fritz studied physics at the Georg August University in Göttingen from 1922 to 1928 and received his doctorate with a dissertation “On the fluorescence of bands in mercury vapor ” with James Franck . He then worked as an assistant to the physicist and Nobel Prize winner Gustav Hertz at the Technical University of Berlin . In 1930 he married the physical chemist and later professor Charlotte (1899–1993), née Riefenstahl, who was born in Bielefeld, and his fellow student. As a member of the KPD he had to emigrate to the National Socialists after the transfer of power and went to England via Copenhagen, where he worked briefly in an industrial laboratory of EMI (Electrical and Musical Instruments Ltd., known for the His Master's Voice brand ). However, this work was not his job. However, his communist orientation was not welcomed there either, so that in 1934 he moved to the Soviet Union . There he worked as a laboratory manager at the Ukrainian Physics and Technology Institute in Kharkov . There he dealt with the physics of thermal neutrons . He was arrested and tortured on December 1, 1937, during the Stalinist purges . In 1940 he was deported to the German Reich and imprisoned there by the Gestapo . The Nobel Prize winner Max von Laue reached his release and gave him a job at the private research institute of Manfred von Ardenne in Berlin light field . During the Nazi era , Fritz Houtermans was considered a “ second degree hybrid ” because his maternal grandmother was of Jewish descent. This belonged to the Karplus family from Vienna . At Ardennes Institute he worked on the physics of nuclear fission . He divorced his wife Charlotte, who lived in the USA, on the basis of applicable Nazi marriage law, without her being informed in the USA. This earned him the charge of bigamy in the post-war period . In 1944 he married Ilse Bartz, who worked as a chemist at the Ardennes Institute. From 1944 to 1945 he worked at the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt in Berlin. After the end of the war he worked as an adjunct professor at the Georg August University in Göttingen until 1952 . In 1950 he and a fellow sufferer published a book about his experiences in Soviet prisons. From 1952 until his death in 1966 he held a full professorship at the Physics Institute of the University of Bern . He is one of the founders of nuclear geology . In 1953 he remarried his first wife Charlotte. In 1955 he married Lore Müller. He had two children from his first marriage, three children from his second marriage and another child from his fourth marriage. In 1973 a moon crater was named after him. The European Association of Geochemistry has presented the Houtermans Award annually since 1990 .
  • Walter Jacobi, who was born in Saalfeld / Saale , was taught in the school community of Wickersdorf from 1933 to 1935 . He studied at the Technikum Ilmenau engineering school and worked from 1940 to 1945 on Wernher von Braun's staff in the Wehrmacht's Peenemünde Army Research Center (HVA Peenemünde) on the Baltic Sea island of Usedom . After the end of the war, he was one of the German scientists who were brought to the United States in Operation Paperclip to continue rocket development there. As a result, he was one of the NASA space pioneers. He was considered an expert on fuel valves for the V2 and the Saturn V .
  • In 1941, the future political scientist Gottfried-Karl Kindermann from Vienna visited the school community in Wickersdorf. At the request of his parents, he had to leave this boarding school and switch to another school. In 1967 he held the first chair for international politics at the Geschwister-Scholl-Institut of the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich.
  • In Bebenhausen born Ernst Klink , son of Nazi district leader in Offenburg, Eugene Klink (1894-1930), and the Nazi Reich Women's Leader Gertrud Scholtz-Klink , attended the Free School district from 1938 to 1940. In the summer of 1941 he joined the SS at and was assigned to the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler . As a member of the 11th Company under Joachim Peiper , he took part in the Battle of Kharkov in 1943. The SS-Unterscharführer was seriously wounded right at the beginning of the Citadel operation on July 5, 1943, so that he could no longer be deployed at the front. After the war he studied history, German , philosophy and English at the Eberhard Karls University in Tübingen . After a lengthy study visit to Finland , he received his doctorate in 1957 under Hans Rothfels with studies on the Finnish-Swedish dispute over the Åland Islands, 1917–1921 . He later worked on the history and politics series . He was a member of the mutual aid community of the members of the former Waffen-SS (HIAG), the veterans' organization of the Waffen-SS , and in 1958 worked as press spokesman for their Tübingen section. In October 1958, Klink became an employee of the new Military History Research Office (MGFA) in Freiburg im Breisgau . Klink's membership in the Waffen SS was known there, but his membership in the HIAG and his ongoing friendship with Joachim Peiper were known to only a few. Klink kept in touch with the veterans of the Waffen SS , alongside Peiper with Walter Harzer , who coordinated the formulation of the history of SS divisions for HIAG. Klink cooperated with Peiper and Harzer regarding a representation of the Battle of Kharkov. Klink obtained documents from the Federal Archives for HIAG and helped with information and presentations. He cleaned up SS veterans' personal records and eliminated incriminating confessions. Klink used his position as a historian in the MGFA for the cause of the Waffen-SS by deliberately influencing journalists. In 1976 he advised the director Jost von Morr on a documentary about the Malmedy massacre , which was produced by Chronos Film for WDR . The finished film was based on the veteran's perspective, according to which the SS had been held responsible for an unresolved incident during the Ardennes offensive . Klink also provided the material for a multi-page report in the Quick magazine . Within the Military History Research Office , conflicts arose between Klink and other historians as soon as the actual role of the Waffen-SS and its historical assessment came up. The historian Jens Westemeier assesses Klink as one of “the most important lobbyists for the in-house falsification of history” at HIAG.
  • Heinz Kohn from Augsburg came to the free school community at the age of 13 together with his 14-year-old cousin Walter (* 1906) . While Walter changed schools again in the same year (he was later a librarian in the library of the university hospital in Arizona), Heinz stayed until 1923 and was a member of Carl Maria Weber's fellowship . He had German lessons from Peter Suhrkamp in 1920/21, an acquaintance that he could fall back on after the Second World War . With the secondary school leaving certificate , Heinz left the FSG and did an apprenticeship in the book trade in his native Augsburg. After graduation, he worked in Bremerhaven for the SPD- affiliated publisher Norddeutsche Volksstimme , then in the capital of Berlin for the Gutenberg Book Guild . With his friend Friedrich Oetinger , he ran the Heinrich Heine bookstore in Hamburg . The two also edited writings against National Socialism . In 1933, the 26-year-old Heinz fled to the Netherlands, where he shortened his first name to "Hein". There he founded the exile publisher Boekenvrienden Solidariteit in the same year , in 1936 the exile publisher Het Nederlandsche Boekengilde , and published around 75 books by 1940, especially those that had been burned or banned in the German Reich . After the attack on the Netherlands by the German Wehrmacht , he was arrested in a raid in 1942 and taken to a labor camp, from which he was able to escape. Until 1945 he was hiding in his own house. In 1951 he founded the Internationaal Literatuur Bureau in Amsterdam , for which he was able to fall back on old contacts with Bertolt Brecht , Thomas Mann and Peter Suhrkamp. As a publisher and literary agent, he brought German literature back to the Dutch after the war. He was also in contact with Gustav Wyneken again after the war. His son Menno (* 1945) was born from his marriage to Rosel, née Sirch .
Erich Krems , around 1913
  • The " wandering bird " Erich Krems from Berlin-Schöneberg was one of Gustav Wyneken's favorite pupils , and Wyneken vied for his friendship. Erich belonged with Walter Benjamin , Hans Blüher , Ernst Joëll , Hans and Walter Koch, Hans Kollwitz , Alfred Kurella and Alexander Rustow to the so-called Westend Circle , which brought together the left wing of the bourgeois youth movement . He was in the Free School Community until the beginning of the summer vacation in 1914 and volunteered as a war volunteer . Almost two years later he fell on March 10, 1916 in the Battle of Verdun as a lieutenant in the reserve of Reserve Infantry Regiment No. 23, which was under the 12th Infantry Division . He was very close friends with Peter Kollwitz (1896–1914), the youngest son of the sculptor Käthe Kollwitz , who was very impressed by Erich. He, Hans Koch , Peter Kollwitz and Richard Noll had been hiking together in Norway during the summer vacation of 1914, where they had jointly made a plan to go to war and immediately canceled their vacation. Erich passed on the news of Peter Kollwitz's death on the night of October 22nd to 23rd, 1914 by field post to his revered teacher Gustav Wyneken. Erich wrote: “Don't believe any of the usual sayings about the“ excellent spirit in our army ”. There is nothing the soldier outside wants more than peace ... The feeling is general: What a senseless, terrible thing war is! Like nobody wanted him, not the Belgian who is aiming at me, not the Englishman who I am aiming at ”. Käthe Kollwitz, who took an intense interest in her son's friends, referred to Erich Krems in her diary on October 11, 1916: “Peter, Erich, Richard, everyone based their lives on the idea of ​​love for the country. The English, Russian, and French youths did the same. [...] So has the youth in all these countries been betrayed? Has their dedication been used to bring about the war? [...] Was it a mass madness? And when and how will be the awakening. "In 1920 she made as part of its Woodcut episode war the work" The volunteers ", like in a trance follow the drumming death. Erich is shown in it. A video about him is available on the Deutsche Welle website and on YouTube .
  • Walter Georg Kühne , son of the FSG art teacher, painter, graphic artist and draftsman Walter Kühne (1875–1956), switched to school by the sea in Juist at Easter 1925 , where he passed his school leaving examination in 1930 . He was a lifelong friend of FSG student Ernst Putz . Kühne emigrated to Great Britain at the time of National Socialism . At the beginning of the Second World War , he inspired the paleontologists of the University of Cambridge , to whom he presented tusks of mammoths he had discovered himself . After returning to Germany after the war, he studied and obtained his doctorate and was qualified as a professor . He later taught at the Free University in Berlin, whose institute for paleontology he founded in 1958. He was also known as a specialist book author.
Elsy Leitz
  • Elsy Anna Grace Leitz from Wetzlar first attended the secondary school for girls in her hometown, then from 1917 to 1920 the free school community in Wickersdorf. Since the FSG was not allowed to take a school leaving examination at that time , Elsie moved to the Oberrealschule Berlin-Mariendorf for this purpose in 1921 . In Frankfurt am Main she studied economics and languages, moved to Munich to the commercial college and received her diploma in business administration there in 1924. She also completed a law degree in Munich and completed it as a trainee at the Supreme Court in Berlin. She completed her legal clerkship at the local court in Bad Vilbel, Hesse , and then at the local, regional and higher regional court in Frankfurt am Main . She received her doctorate “ cum laude ” from the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University with a dissertation on reforms of marriage legislation. With the transfer of power to the National Socialists , her chances of working as a lawyer fell drastically, as this deviated from their understanding of their roles. In 1935 she married the economist Kurt Kühn, who worked for the Adlerwerke . The marriage had three children. In 1943 she was arrested by the Gestapo and spent six months in Frankfurt am Main. The allegation was that she had behaved too humanely towards so-called Eastern workers ( forced laborers ) and had also helped a Jewish woman escape. Their marriage ended in divorce in 1948. In 1957 she made a contribution to the reconciliation with France and founded the Association of German-French Societies for Europe (VDFG). Impressed by Albert Schweitzer , she got involved in his projects in Africa. In 1979, like her father and grandfather, she was made an honorary citizen of her hometown. She was also an honorary citizen of the French city of Avignon. She received the Great Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany and the Order of the Palmes Académiques of the Republic of France. The Elsie Kühn Leitz Prize has been awarded since 1986. In 2015 a street in Wetzlar was named after her.
  • Ernst Leitz III , born in Wetzlar , son of the industrialist Ernst Leitz II , was a student of the Free School Community from 1915 to 1920 . Besides him, his siblings Elsie and Ludwig (1907-1992) were in Wickersdorf at the same time, while their younger brother Günther was taught there from 1920. Ernst III passed his school leaving examination in 1924 and worked as a businessman in his family's optical company. After 1945 he became politically active in the CDU and was on the state board of the CDU Hessen for almost a decade . In Wetzlar he was a member of the city council for three decades and in 1975 received the honorary title of "city elder".
  • Günther Leitz from Giessen in Hessen , in the Free School Community from 1920 , switched to the school by the sea in Juist at Easter 1925 . He documented everyday school life with a Leica 35mm camera (known at the time as a “small film camera”). This came from the production of the optical company Leitz-Werke in Wetzlar, run by his father Ernst Leitz II . After completing his commercial training, Günther took over the management of Ernst Leitz GmbH . He primarily devoted himself to setting up a research department for optical glasses and building a plant in Canada. Right before him, his three older siblings had also attended the FSG , Elsie (1903–1985) from 1917 to 1920, Ernst from 1915 to 1920 and Ludwig (1907–1992) from 1916 to 1920.
  • Erhart Löhnberg (1903–1989), born in Hamm , was a pupil of the Free School Community from April 7, 1913 to October 1, 1917 and from Easter to autumn 1920 . In the 1920s he joined pacifist groups in Berlin, studied sociology and psychology at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in Berlin and served as a board member and secretary of the Scientific and Humanitarian Committee at the Berlin Institute for Sexology, which was co-founded by Magnus Hirschfeld . In 1933 he did his doctorate under Alfred Vierkandt and initially worked as a tutor for Jewish families. After interrogation by the Gestapo , Erhart emigrated to South America via Switzerland and Belgium. In Bolivia's capital La Paz , he worked as a teacher and correspondent and joined social democratic groups that acted against the Nazi regime. In 1952 he moved to England, where he taught mathematics and science in Sheffield and Newcastle . In 1958 he returned to Germany, where he worked as a teacher at private schools in Heidelberg and Nuremberg. In 1964 he settled in West Berlin and in 1975 published a two-volume commented work on the introduction to Das Kapital by Karl Marx .
  • Born in Wickersdorf, Klaus Luserke (born October 5, 1912) was a pupil of the Free School Community from 1921 to 1925 and switched to school by the sea in Juist in 1925 . There he passed his matriculation examination in the spring of 1931 in order to then start studying. He was initially active in the publishing industry, active as an imperial speaker of the Völkisch German Faith Movement (see also: Völkische Movement ), employee of the Volksbund for Germanness abroad and a member of the National Socialist German Student Union . In 1935 he applied for the SS and in the same year he participated for the first time in the musical design of the Christmas party for the SS main offices , which specifically recruited academically educated men from outside for their training office. He worked in the SS training office responsible for the indoctrination of SS members, which was initially subordinate to the Race and Settlement Main Office of the SS (RuS HA), and from August 1938 to the SS Main Office (SS-HA). There he was in the design of the Department III Cultural in the Division A celebration of design under Kurt Eggers speaker for "fabric collection" and in one person at the same time in the department B speaker for "musician", where he repeats the ritual Thing Games of the SS at the solstice rehearsed in which Hitler Youth and BDM girls performed rituals such as jumping over a blazing fire. But then the SS-Unterscharfuhrer Klaus Luserke, SS-Nr. 277 005, expelled from the SS in July 1937 for disciplinary reasons because his connections to a buyer of pornographic literature became known. For the SS this was considered defiant. Klaus Luserke then sent a “request for mercy and resumption” to Heinrich Himmler personally, which was accepted by Heinrich Himmler because it was a matter of “pronounced youthful folly”, but Klaus Luserke was “basically decent and orderly”. Himmler ordered the SS to help him take up the writing profession and to pay him an expense allowance for attending the Reich Press School. Himmler had him drafted into the SS death's head associations for probation and gave him the personal order to “marry by Christmas”.
  • Eva Marder (born August 10, 1916 in Königsberg, East Prussia; † September 16, 1987 in Munich) , who later came from Königsberg in East Prussia , was a student of the Free School Community from 1927 to 1928 . She came from the household of a couple of doctors and was very interested in acting and writing. She later attended a drama school in Berlin. After her marriage to a doctor, her name change to Eva Cremer and the birth of her daughter in Berlin, she moved to Bavaria on the Tegernsee during the Second World War because of the danger of bombing there , had another son in Munich and worked as a from 1947 Author and reviewer for the radio of Bayerischer Rundfunk in Munich, especially for the children's program and school radio. She continued to use her maiden name as an author's pseudonym. Some of the programs with their self-written stories for primary school children in the 1st and 2nd school year were taken over by the Hessischer Rundfunk and the Süddeutscher Rundfunk .
  • From 1942 to 1949 Hanskarl Müller-Buschbaum attended the school community in Wickersdorf. He then studied chemistry at the Ernst Moritz Arndt University in Greifswald. There he did his doctorate in 1960 under Hans Witzmann (* 1904) on the emission behavior of samarium-activated phosphors and fled to the Federal Republic of Germany before the Wall was built . There he worked first in Munich at Siemens & Halske AG and later with Wilhelm Klemm at the Westphalian Wilhelms University in Münster. In 1966 he completed his habilitation with Rudolf Hoppe at the Justus Liebig University in Gießen on a process for generating very high temperatures in the laboratory and its application in the field of solid-state chemistry, with results for the representation and structural investigation of ternary oxo compounds of the M 2+ M 2 3 type + O 4 and, more rarely, earth metal sesquioxides . In 1969 he was offered a professorship at the Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , where, after rejecting an offer from the Albert Ludwigs University in Freiburg im Breisgau in 1977, he taught as a full professor and director of the Kiel Institute until his retirement in 1996 for inorganic chemistry . His pioneering work on oxocuprates created the basis for investigations into superconducting ceramic materials, for which Johann Georg Bednorz and Karl Alexander Müller received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1987 .
Fritz Erik Signy Odemar (stage name Erik Ode), early 1930s
  • Fritz Erik Signy Odemar (stage name: Erik Ode) was a student of the Free School Community from February 1, 1921 to February 15, 1923 . He was the son of the actress Erika Nymgau-Odemar and the theater and UFA film actor Fritz Odemar . Erik first appeared in a German silent film as a childlike Jesus when he was twelve when he was at school in Wickersdorf . He had previously been expelled from schools several times and had to leave the FSG after repeated thefts. Nevertheless, he fondly remembered this time in his 1972 autobiography. “Then I managed the strange feat of even being expelled from this school. I was doing some nonsense that I would like to cover with a veil of oblivion. It was an act of thoughtless stupidity [,] nothing more. ”As an actor, he became known to a wide audience as Der Kommissar in the 1960s and 1970s , but was also behind the camera as a director and worked as a screenwriter.
  • In 1945, Martin Okrusch, who was born in Guben in Niederlausitz, was a pupil of the Wickersdorf school community , from there he switched to the school in Guben and in 1953 to West Berlin, because he was excluded from school in Guben for ideological reasons between the written and oral school- leaving exams . At the Free University he studied earth sciences from 1954 , from 1956 at the Julius Maximilians University in Würzburg mineralogy with the minor subjects geology and physical chemistry . He received his doctorate in 1961 and qualified as a professor in 1968 in mineralogy. As a scholarship holder of the German Research Foundation , he went to the United States in 1968/69 to the Department of Geology and Geophysics at the University of California . After his return he was from 1970 scientific advisor and professor at the University of Cologne , from 1972 full professor at the Technical University in Braunschweig, from 1982 at the Julius Maximilians University in Würzburg. In October 2000 he retired , but continued to pursue his research. The mineral okruschit was named after him.
  • Kurt Pätzold , who came from Breslau , attended the Free School Community from 1945 to 1948. He then studied history, philosophy and political economy at the Friedrich Schiller University in Jena, earned his doctorate in 1963 and completed his habilitation in 1973 at the Humboldt University in Berlin . He was involved in the relegation of politically unpopular students in the GDR and was dismissed in 1992.
  • Ernst Putz belonged to the comradeship of the "bears" founded by Luserke in 1906. In the Free School Community he made friends with his English classmate Roland “Ro” Friend (* 1897), Otto Gründler , Walter Georg Kühne and Wilhelm “Will” Jerosch (1898–1917). In 1919 he founded the Free School and Work Community Sinntalhof with Max Bondy on the estate of his father, the sculptor Sebastian Putz (1867–1937). Ernst was politicized by his teacher Hedda Gagliardi-Korsch and her husband Karl Korsch , advocated the interests of impoverished farmers - first without a party, later as a KPD member - and later worked as a member of the Reichstag . Of the Nazis in " protective custody taken", he committed 1933 suicide . He recorded his memories of Wickersdorf in notes, which show his close connection with the landscape and the people.
  • Hildegard Ilse Rasmussen (born August 2, 1905, † October 20, 1939) was born in Chemnitz and was a member of the Free School Community in 1919 and 1920 . Her father, the engineer and industrialist Jørgen Skafte Rasmussen ( Audi , DKW , Horch , Wanderer and others) played a key role in the merger to form Auto Union AG . Ilse was married to Max Henning Krause (1891–1970), with whom she had two children. She died at the age of 34.
  • Hans Werner Skafte Rasmussen was in the Free School Community from 1917 to 1924 . He married the FSG student Clara Cordes (1907–1985), known as "Clärchen". After graduating from school, he trained as a technician and, at the age of 28, became the technical director and managing director of a company owned by his father Jørgen Skafte Rasmussen . Because the company had been classified as an armaments factory by the Soviet military administration after 1945 , it was taken to a NKVD camp because of its leading role and died there after ten weeks.
  • Ove Skafte Rasmussen , born in Zschopau, was a member of the Free School Community from 1919 . He switched to school by the sea at Easter 1925 . His matriculation examination was accompanied by permafrost and required adventurous activities. As a student of state economics in Munich, from the spring of 1930 he was a member of the outlying community of the Schule am Meer and one of their confidants. He graduated with two doctorates (Dr. oec. Publ. Et rer. Pol.) And was later managing director of Eisenwerk Erla GmbH , which his father had taken over in 1928. In 1949, Ove founded Rasmussen GmbH , a supplier to the automotive industry, near Frankfurt am Main .
  • The Franconian Paul Reiner passed his matriculation examination at the FSG around 1909 , after studying and doing his doctorate he became an FSG teacher. First a supporter of Gustav Wyneken , he came into opposition to this and in 1925 joined the secession around Martin Luserke and Rudolf Aeschlimann to establish the school by the sea on Juist .
  • Edith Rothe was the daughter of a doctor of law and Meißen city ​​councilor Carl Wilhelm August Rothe . Her older brother was the writer, dramaturge and Shakespeare translator Hans Rothe . After attending a secondary girls' school in Leipzig, she was briefly in the Free School Community in 1914 until the First World War broke out. After the end of the war she received her secondary school leaving certificate . She studied German, art history and history in Jena, Heidelberg, Kiel and Leipzig and received her doctorate in Leipzig in 1925. After completing her traineeship at the Leipzig University Library , she passed the state examinations for the higher service at academic libraries two years later and initially worked at the City and University Library in Frankfurt am Main. From there she moved to Dresden, where she transferred the precious library of the Saxon royal family to Moritzburg Castle in order to build a library there. She completed studies in Paris and Rome, worked in large private libraries, but as a woman did not get permanent employment in academic libraries. So in 1933 she tried to get a third professional qualification. In the West Pomeranian Stettin she was trained by Erwin Ackerknecht in the public library system. A permanent position in the public service was now subject to National Socialist guidelines. In August 1933 she wrote to Leipzig from Stettin: “I can't stand it much longer in Germany if things don't change. Please don't laugh when I tell you about my last job: there was a system for a new catalog of national-socialist literature to be worked out for the Szczecin City Library. I, of all people! I flatly refused to give a lecture on the subject of women in the National Socialist state. The echo is exhausted in 3 words: She's thrown out ... “For the following years she worked briefly in Berlin, London, Halle an der Saale and Munich. In 1939 she called Prince Ernst Heinrich of Saxony to the Dante library of his grandfather, the Dante translator King John of Saxony . There she was allowed to work freely and scientifically and created the catalog of this library published in 1942. However, all of the bibliographical treasures carefully kept by her were completely destroyed during the air raids on Dresden in the night of February 13th to 14th, 1945 , even though they were moved from Moritzburg Castle to Dresden on the west bank of the Elbe in the basement of the local administration had outsourced. "The loss of my parents' house in Leipzig did not hurt me as much as the downfall of all these treasures that I had cherished and cared for and with which I grew over the fee." In 1945 she applied to the Leipzig City Library and from November 1945 initially acted as a its acting director and from September 1946 as its director, where she rebuilt the book inventory in Barthels Hof am Markt , which was also burned there in 1943 . From 1950 the SED -Apparat (investigation and enforcement office of the city administration of Leipzig) investigated against them. It was criticized that its personnel composition did not correspond to the leading political forces in the GDR and that the city library could be regarded as an “unpolitical island” with an influence on the reading public. As a result, excuses were sought and found in the book inventory, in order to terminate them in 1951. She did not find a new job for several years. In 1954 she was commissioned by the Saxon Academy of Sciences to compile the bibliography on the history of the city of Leipzig . It worked according to strictly scientific criteria and consequently refused to remove politically unpleasant titles from the directory. In 1967, at the age of 70, she moved to Heidelberg.
  • Hans-Heinz Sanden (1914–2003), a nephew of the local politician Bruno Asch and son of his brother Hans , was at the Free School Community from 1928 to 1932 and was temporarily friends with Rosemarie Bernfeld, a daughter of Siegfried Bernfeld . In his autobiography, published in 1990, Hans-Heinz recalled the " Eros Paidekos , to whom much homage was paid in this school". He mentioned the sexual assault on students by a number of teachers such as Joachim Georg Boeckh and Otto Peltzer , as well as the relationship between Gustav Wyneken and the student Herbert Könitzer, and stated: “Another problem arose after the departure of Peter Suhrkamp [in April 1929] in the resurgence of homosexuality , which went so far that the normally inclined youngsters saw themselves pushed into an outsider role. Anyone striving for top performance and appropriate support could not avoid the homophile tendencies of many educators ". He regarded the educational concept in Wickersdorf as harmful: “But we also realized that the Wickersdorf educational methods, as they were practiced at the time, were causing great damage. The primacy of absolute youthful freedom, and thus the renunciation of punishment and discipline, resulted in many people becoming mentally neglected. Wickersdorf failed to teach learning. The intake of the diverse spiritual nourishment was indiscriminate; which is why most of them were content with superficial knowledge and still believed they could have a say everywhere. The excessive enthusiasm of the teachers about a few flashes of genius, as they are produced by almost everyone at this age, shifted the normal scales of values ​​and made some people think that they were called to extraordinary things ”.
  • In 1922 Kurt Sanderling , later a conductor and professor of musicology, was a student at FSG Wickersdorf . As a Jew , he was expatriated by the National Socialists in 1935 and emigrated to Moscow, where his uncle lived. Between 1960 and 1977 he worked in East Berlin as chief conductor of the Berlin Symphony Orchestra and, at the same time, directed the Sächsische Staatskapelle Dresden from 1964 to 1967 .
  • In 1919 the later writer and critic Heinrich Satter (1908–1992) belonged to the student body, son of the actress and translator Ida Orloff and the actor Karl Satter .
Algirdas Savickis , around 1930
  • The Copenhagen- born Algirdas Savickis (1917–1943) was the eldest son of the Lithuanian ambassador in Stockholm , Jurgis Savickis , and his wife, the dentist Ida Trakiner-Savickienė (1894–1944), whose (Jewish) family lived in Saint Petersburg and owned a factory for the production and processing of glass. Algirdas was a student at the FSG between 1930 and 1935 , where the 15-year-old accused his teacher Otto Peltzer of sexual abuse in early 1933 . His younger classmate, Arnold Ernst Fanck (1919–1994) , made the same accusation in the same year . Algirdas studied English in Germany and Switzerland. After his parents divorced, he returned to his mother and younger brother Augustinas (1919–2012) in Kaunas in 1938 . There he married a Jewish girl named Julija and adopted her baby Regina. Between 1938 and 1940 he studied painting at the Lithuanian art school Kauno meno mokyklą (KMM) and in 1940 worked at the Vytautas Magnus University in Kaunas. When the German Wehrmacht occupied Lithuania in June and July 1941, his younger brother Augustinas managed to escape to the Soviet Union; However, Algirdas accompanied his mother and young wife, their young child, his mother-in-law and a sick sister of his wife to the ghetto Kauen , without being forced to do so by Nazi regulations . There he was shot dead by a guard named Kučinskas on October 1, 1943. Algirdas had previously tried to keep this from his young wife.
  • Friedrich Schoenfelder , who comes from Lausitz , was after attending the municipal grammar school in Frankfurt an der Oder, together with his sister Angelika (* 1913), who was born in Berlin and is three years older, a student of the Free School Community from 1928 to 1932 . While she was able to take her matriculation examination in Wickersdorf , Friedrich had to leave the private educational home for financial reasons . Nevertheless, in addition to intensive experience in winter sports, he also got a first impression of the movement game ( performing game ), in which he had actively participated over four school years. “But in spite of this stage experience, I was by no means certain at the time that I would end up at the theater one day. But there is a little push in this direction after all, a first, very gentle, unconscious vaccination with the theater virus ... ” What disturbed him about the FSG sports teacher Otto Peltzer was his fixation on athletics.
  • Hedwig "Hetty" Schuler (1900–1945) from Cologne was a student in the Free School Community from 1917 to 1921 , where she was a member of Rudolf Aeschlimann's comradeship . Your contact with the teacher couple Aeschlimann remained lifelong. Her older sister Else (* 1897) was an FSG student almost at the same time from 1917 to 1920 . Both passed the school leaving examination. Hetty Schuler trained as a child nurse. From 1926 she was portrayed by the painter, draftsman and graphic artist Franz Joseph Esser , whom she married in 1933. She also painted herself; more than seventy works by her have survived. From 1928 to 1934 at the latest, Hetty was one of the shop stewards of the Schule am Meer on the North Sea island of Juist , where she stayed from around mid-June to the end of July 1927. Her later husband, at that time because of a study visit with a final retrospective of his own work in Istanbul, addressed photo postcards to her at the address of the school by the sea , where she stayed and worked with the teacher couple Aeschlimann.
  • In 1945 and 1946, the later ancient historian Wolfgang Schuller was taught in the Wickersdorf school community . After passing the 1955 in Lüneburg High School , he studied from 1955 to 1957 at the Ruprecht-Karls University in Heidelberg, 1957 for one semester at the University of Lausanne and from 1957-58 at the University of Hamburg Law . After the first state examination in law in 1961, he was a trainee lawyer in West Berlin until 1965 and passed his second state examination in the same year. While he was still working on his dissertation , he enrolled in Hamburg for further studies in Classical Antiquity , Egyptology and History. In 1967 he was promoted to Dr. iur. obtained his doctorate and worked in 1968 as a research assistant at the Free University in Berlin. In 1971 he completed his second degree in Berlin and completed his habilitation in ancient history . From 1972 he taught as a full professor at the University of Education in Berlin , from 1976 until his retirement in early 2004 at the University of Konstanz . Among other things, he published biographies on Cicero and Cleopatra .
  • Between 1925 and 1927, the later poet and essayist René Schwachhofer , who came from Leipzig, was a student at the Free School Community and passed his school-leaving examination there. From 1926 to 1930 he studied German and newspaper studies in Leipzig and Berlin. Until the transfer of power to the National Socialists, he worked as a journalist for liberal press organs. In 1932 he acted as editor of the revolutionary-socialist magazine Der Funke , which was banned after three issues. From 1933 he was active as a journalist for the Neue Leipziger Zeitung . From 1942 to 1945 he was a soldier in the German Wehrmacht . In 1946 he was able to work as a new teacher and from 1946 to 1948 he was a literary consultant for the Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk, Sender Leipzig . In 1950 he was the editor-in-chief of the magazine Das Leben . From 1953 he worked as a freelance writer and wrote especially poetry, short prose and essays.
  • Born in Munich, Giselher Schweitzer (1924–1975) attended the Free School Community in 1942 for seven months. At the request of his mother, who ran a book and art shop in Cologne, he left the boarding school early. He received his doctorate in 1949 at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich on the subject of the journalist and theater director Heinrich Laube in his position on world dramatic literature . He worked as an actor, radio play speaker and director. He worked at the Stadttheater Bremerhaven , on the stages of the state capital Kiel , on the municipal theaters in Frankfurt am Main, during the Berlin Festival (Theatertreffen) in 1974 at the Hebbeltheater and the Volksbühne Berlin and at the Bad Hersfeld Festival . In 1968 he was awarded the Great Hersfeld Prize . He worked alongside colleagues such as Walter Jokisch , Pit Krüger , Friedrich Luft , Gerd Mayen , Witta Pohl , Klaus Schwarzkopf and Edda Seippel .
  • Wolfgang Freiherr von Tettau (1921–1999) was born in Berlin-Charlottenburg as the son of Hans Eberhard Hugo Hermann Freiherr von Tettau (1890–1945) and his wife Freya Magdalena Ada Freifrau von Tettau (1893–1977), née Tesdorpf. After primary school in Berlin-Lankwitz from 1927, he attended the secondary school there before he was a boarding school student in the school community in Wickersdorf from 1935 to 1936 . He then switched to high school in Berlin-Zehlendorf , where he graduated from high school on November 11, 1939, and enrolled at the German University of Politics . Just four days after graduating from high school, he was in the Wehrmacht and took part in a course for radio operators at the Air Force Intelligence School in Halle an der Saale. From April 1941 he was deployed with the rank of lieutenant on the Eastern Front for around three months before he was assigned to the German Africa Corps . In Tunisia, he was captured by the United States in March 1943, and his promotion to first lieutenant was dated May 1, 1943. In the same month he received the EK II and EK I for bravery in front of the enemy. In July of this year he was transported by ship to Texas and interned there in the Prisoners of War (PoW) Camp Mexia . After the end of the war he was transferred to Arizona at PoW Camp Florence . There he was released in March 1946 and learned of the death of his father, who died on November 25, 1945 in camp 7832 / g Kolesniki on the Moscow – Minsk road. He then worked as a payroll clerk in a depot of the British armed forces in Germany until 1949, but from 1948/49 began to work as a freelance journalist for the Bergedorfer Zeitung , the party-political publication Der Freie Demokratie and Die Welt . In 1949 he was a founding member of the FDP and its secretary in the district association of the Duchy of Lauenburg . In August of this year he married Margot Juliane Freifrau von Tettau (* 1928), née Hinrichs. The marriage resulted in a son, the future entrepreneur Michael Freiherr von Tettau (* 1950). Between 1949 and 1984 Wolfgang von Tettau worked for Hamburg companies as chief accountant and head of balance sheet accounting. Between 1977 and 1986 he acted as treasurer of the FDP district association of the Duchy of Lauenburg.
Kalistros Thielicke , presumably 1920s
  • The Berlin Kalistros Max Thielicke (1905-1944), also: Thielecke, called "Cali" and "Calis Sujamani" (= "Calis, the oppressed"), was a student of the Free School Community from 1919 to 1923 . His first name Kalistros can be traced back to a cigarette brand of the same name, which was produced at the time by his father, the Berlin entrepreneur Otto Krüger, in the tobacco goods factory Clistros . The boy did not like this first name and tried to change it as he got older. At times he thought up fantasy names and used them for himself. Kalistros, born out of wedlock, did not find out the identity of his father and his two half-siblings until the age of 18, although he had already met his mother's family earlier as acquaintances and temporarily lived in her house in Michendorf near Potsdam. His mother Camilla, described as possessive, contentious, tyrannical and nymphomaniac, came from Saxony and worked as a self-employed tailor. This kept her son completely isolated in places during his early childhood in a cramped basement apartment in Berlin-Halensee near Kurfürstendamm . In order not to be able to come into contact with his peers, he was initially told not to attend school at their instigation and was therefore taught at home by a private teacher. Because of a new lover of his mother who moved in, the nine-year-old Kalistros had to leave the apartment and was therefore quartered with his biological father's family without knowing about him. At the same time, from 1915 to 1917, he went to the Goethe School , a reform high school in Berlin-Wilmersdorf . The boy developed a special soft spot for languages ​​and cultures. He was particularly fascinated by the different tribes and idioms of the North American natives. He eventually mastered a number of Indian dialects and later learned through intensive contact with exclusively Jewish classmates and teachers in East Prussia and Lithuania , the Yiddish . Kalistros studied specialist literature at an early age, was a visiting student at the German University of Politics (DHfP), wrote numerous columnist essays , had writing ambitions, described himself as a journalistic assistant, and was involved in one of his friend Emanuel bin Gorion (1903-1987 ) in Berlin founded literary society and corresponded with scientists. He worked in the Prussian State Library and in the Berlin Museum of Ethnology , where he met the ethnologist and linguist Franz Boas . He also had contact with the philosopher Herman Schmalenbach . The writer and Nobel Prize laureate in literature Gerhart Hauptmann became aware of him, possibly through his brother-in-law Moritz Heimann , and made it possible for him to visit a reform-pedagogical country school . Kalistros attended the Odenwald School in Ober-Hambach in southern Hesse in 1918 , and a little later the Free School Community in Wickersdorf. At the age of fourteen, he was abused by the FSG teacher Fernand Petitpierre, presumably using physical violence. When Kalistros confided in his mother, she rejected him and approved the attack because "it was better than messing with dirty women". For Kalistros, Petitpierre's crime was a "decisive story," as was his mother's behavior. Petitpierre was not held accountable, but Kalistros tried to attack his teacher with a knife after the incident. A few years later, the mother made sexual advances towards her teenage son. Kalistros evaded this request, which violated his moral standards, first to Paris and then to the North American reservations of the indigenous people there. After his return, his marriage in March 1929 to the seamstress Margarete (* 1906), née Schlei, led to an escalation with his mother. Kalistros had a daughter with his wife in December 1929. The highly troubled relationship between Kalistros and his mother Camilla, a love-hate relationship, culminated in his killing her in 1930. He tied her corpse according to an Indian rite. Then he turned himself in to the police; Arthur Nebe interrogated him. In 1931 he was sentenced to ten years and one week imprisonment for manslaughter of a relative in the ascending line (§ 215 RStGB ) and intellectual falsification of documents . Pretrial detention was taken into account when determining the sentence. The alleged forgery of documents was based on the fact that he had wanted to change his unpopular name on his own initiative. After serving his imprisonment, he asked Nebe, of all people, who had meanwhile had a steep NS career, to enable him to return to a middle-class life. Instead, he was assigned to the “ SS Special Unit Dirlewanger ”, a special unit that acted particularly unscrupulously with the approval of Heinrich Himmler and in which criminals were to be given “probation” , possibly at Nebes instigation . Within this unit, later referred to as the "SS-Sonderbataillon", "SS-Sonderregiment" and "SS-Sturmbrigade", they were beaten and killed arbitrarily and often for no reason. Dirlewanger members were officially not accepted into the Waffen-SS , even if they wore full SS uniforms without authorization . The unit, marauding behind the front and murdering tens of thousands of civilians, moved through the General Government , through Belarus , fought briefly on the front and was ultimately instrumental in suppressing the Warsaw Uprising . Kalistros was severely wounded in the head by a partisan's shot on the road between Błonie and Sochaczew west of Warsaw. The SS-Sturmmann , who was never promoted and apparently not awarded an award , who consequently had never made a name for himself in this criminal unit in the sense of his commanders, died at the age of 38 on August 21, 1944 in field hospital 29 and was buried in the "Heroes Cemetery" Seroki, twelve Kilometers west of Błonie. Kalistros inevitably had his share in the war crimes committed by this highly criminal group.
Hermann Thimig , 1907
  • Hermann Thimig was one of the first students in the Free School Community from 1906 to 1908 . He literally blossomed through Luserke's "movement game" based on Shakespeare and later became an actor. His brother Fritz Thimig (1893–1936), who attended the FSG from 1906 to 1907, was less happy in Wickersdorf. Both had visited Hermann Lietz country education homes since 1902 and moved to Wickersdorf with Paul Geheeb in 1906 . In 1933, Hermann Thimig and Fritz Odemar , the father of FSG student Erik Ode , stood in front of the camera for the UFA feature film Viktor and Viktoria .
Ilse Trautschold , 1934
  • Ilse Trautschold , born in Charlottenburg near Berlin, was in the Free School Community from 1918 to 1921 , where she kept her older brother Walter (1902-1969) company, who attended boarding school from 1916 to 1920. The father of the two, Gustav Trautschold , was an actor, theater and film director in Berlin. At the age of 14, Ilse first appeared as a choir singer and trained as an actor at the Volksbühne Berlin . She had her first engagement in 1921 in Berlin, further in Köslin in West Pomerania , in Bremen and in Beuthen in Upper Silesia . She was very successful in the title role of Gerhart Hauptmann's Hanneles Himmelfahrt . From 1925 it belonged alongside Ernst Busch , Kurt Gerron , Annemarie Hase , Karl Schnog , Claire Waldoff and Erich Weinert to the ensemble of from Leon Hirsch Berlin cabaret founded The wasp near the Alexanderplatz , sang songs and of Claus Clauberg set to music song Mutterns hands of Kurt Tucholsky . There she met the actor Friedrich Gnaß in 1926 , who later became her life partner. Ilse Trautschold was politically active: The Wasps appeared at KPD events , Ilse took on the highly praised leading role in the miners' play Army Without Heroes . In 1929 she got her first role as a film actress in the famous silent film Mother Krausens Fahrt ins Glück . This film, premiered on December 30, 1929, was made in honor of Heinrich Zille, who had just died at the time, and was one of the biggest box office hits of that year. However, due to its class-fighting tendencies, it was only shown in a heavily shortened version. Under the direction of Phil Jutzi , who was advised by the painter and sculptor Käthe Kollwitz , Ilse played a young Berliner from the working class, the young girl Erna, who is gradually developing a class consciousness. Ilse was highly praised for her performance. The critic Siegfried Kracauer wrote in the renowned Frankfurter Zeitung : “The desperate Krause daughter searches the ranks for her boyfriend whom she wants to ask for help. She discovers him and now walks along on the train because she cannot speak to him otherwise. Can she speak to him? No, she has to sing like the comrades, because there is a demonstration. The gradual change in her face is wonderful: as if from the bottom of tears she hesitantly sees joy. [...] Ilse Trautschold, who belongs to the young generation of actors, has a strong certificate of competence in the role of daughter. With her bitter profile, she embodies original purity that can withstand dirt. ”Due to this great success, Ilse Trautschold was often committed to a role as a working-class girl and was thus severely limited in her acting variety. The big breakthrough was denied, especially since the National Socialists were given power in 1933 . In 1930 she and a group of young actors founded the cabaret Die Pille, which is also based in the Reich capital . That same year she stood for the anti-war film Western Front in 1918 by GW Pabst front of the camera. In 1932 she appeared alongside Hans Albers in the box office hit FP1 does not answer , in 1936 alongside Olga Chekhova , Adele Sandrock and FSG- Former Erik Ode in the film Der Favorit der Kaiserin , in 1937 alongside Zarah Leander and Willy Birgel in the melodrama Zu neue Shores , 1938 in the film comedy Little Man - Very Big with Viktor de Kowa . After the Second World War , she was able to get back to work when she appeared in the legendary Berlin cabaret Die Insulaner founded by Günter Neumann in 1948 , which was known almost all over Germany due to the nationwide broadcast of its programs on radio and television and also because of the confrontation it dealt with became particularly popular between East and West. Her colleagues on the island included Bruno Fritz , Walter Gross , Tatjana Sais , Edith Schollwer , Ewald Wenck and Agnes Windeck . From 1948 she also took on film roles again, for example in Robert A. Stemmle's highly acclaimed Berlin Ballad (1948) and in Erich Engel's adaptation Der Biberpelz (1949) based on Gerhart Hauptmann. She first found film roles at the East German DEFA , and later also in West Germany. She played in Emil Surmann's 1955 film adaptation of the Oscar Wilde play Das Gespenst von Canterville (German film title: Das Sandmännchen ), was part of the cast in Wolfgang Staudte's crime thriller The Last Witness (1960) and in Kurt Hoffmann's film adaptation Schloß Gripsholm (1963) based on Kurt Tucholsky . On the theater stage, she celebrated successes at the Freie Volksbühne ( To the good neighbor ), at the Schaubühne ( Lügen-Billy ) and at the Hansa-Theater ( Zu ville Promille ), also in plays such as Carlo Goldoni's Mirandolina and Ephraim Kishon's Der Trauschein . She even became one of the tough acting local Berliners with wit, quick-wittedness and a certain robustness, which she knew how to put in scene despite her petite and slim appearance. Occasionally she played alongside other Berlin greats such as Brigitte Mira and Günter Pfitzmann . Her filmography, which also includes television series, extends until 1985, after which she stood on stage or in front of the film camera for more than half a century. For her many years of outstanding work in German film, she was awarded the Gold Filmband in 1987 . Before and after the Second World War, Ilse Trautschold lived just like her brother Walter in the Berlin artists' colony . She died at the age of 85 and was buried next to her brother in the Dahlem forest cemetery.
  • Walter Trautschold attended the Free School Community from 1916 to 1920, his sister Ilse from 1918 to 1921. Walter left the Landerziehungsheim early because he felt misunderstood there. From 1921 he studied at the teaching establishment of the Kunstgewerbemuseum in Berlin with the set designer Eduard Suhr , who worked at the Lessing Theater and the Schlosspark Theater , and became a painter, sculptor, set designer, draftsman, illustrator and caricaturist, for example for the magazine Die Weltbühne . He drew for the literary magazine Der Orchideengarten and the satirical magazine Lachen links , which was published by Dietz-Verlag of the SPD . His style was based at that time on the Jugendstil ( Art Nouveau ). In the 1930s Walter worked as a set designer, z. B. for the Lustspielhaus at Friedrichstrasse 236. He drew and illustrated for Werner Finck's famous cabaret Die Katakombe . The National Socialists found themselves repeatedly provoked by this work . On May 10, 1935, Joseph Goebbels personally ordered the catacomb to be closed (at the same time the Tingel-Tangel Theater by Friedrich Hollaender and Günther Lüders ), the members of the catacomb to be taken into so-called “ protective custody ” and to the Esterwegen concentration camp for physical labor to convict. Julius Leber and Carl von Ossietzky were already there at the same time . The well-known actress Käthe Dorsch , however, turned to her childhood friend Hermann Göring , Goebbels' adversary, in favor of the members of the catacombs . Goering's advisor then wrote to Berlin's Gestapo boss Reinhard Heydrich on June 25, 1935 : “The Prime Minister wishes that the arrested persons be released from custody and that proper proceedings be instituted against them.” The proceedings ended with the entire ensemble an acquittal. From 1938 Walter Trautschold is said to have worked in the press department of the Tobis Filmkunst film company . Before and after the Second World War , he lived, like his sister Ilse, in the Berlin artists' colony . Some of his works were exhibited at the Great Berlin Art Exhibition . Walter Trautschold died at the age of 67 and was buried in the Dahlem forest cemetery. His sister Ilse rests right by his side.
  • The actor, radio play and screenwriter Hans-Joachim Wedekind first attended the Grunewald-Gymnasium in Berlin. For example, Jürgen Claus Eugen von Alten , the Reich Chancellor's grandson Alexander von Caprivi (born July 30, 1923), Wolf Schneider and Curt-Dietrich von Tschammer und Osten (born August 19, 1923), the son of the Nazi Reich Sports Leader , went into his class . Wolf Schneider reminds his friend Hans-Joachim Wedekind as a “big joke”: “He was lively, cheeky, a nuisance for the teachers and a strain for his grandmother (who had taken him in, the illegitimate child). If she visited us playing and he was disturbed by it, he would bark at her: "Get away, woman!" And she smiled reassuringly and lifted herself up. Wedekind impressed us classmates with his ability to effortlessly transform an astonishing vocabulary; He had sayings in store like the radio announcement he had invented himself: "You are now listening to the lecture of the agricultural superauditor Wasserknall on the consequences of premature calcification of too thickly whitewashed barn walls", and we [as eleven year olds] found that incredibly funny ". Hans-Joachim Wedekind completed his last two school years, 1940 to 1942, in the Wickersdorfer school community , where he passed his school leaving examination . He received acting lessons at Lilly Ackermann's training institute for young stage talent on Xantener Strasse in Berlin-Wilmersdorf and worked on films as early as the Second World War . He had his actor premiere in 1942 under director GW Pabst in the film Paracelsus , shot in Prague , where he played alongside Werner Krauss , Fritz Rasp , Franz Schafheitlin , Hilde Sessak and Mathias Wieman . Hans-Joachim Wedekind can currently be seen in a Paracelsus film clip on YouTube . After the end of the war he wrote radio plays and screenplays and in the 1950s he worked as an author and co-author on numerous German feature films, of which I often think of Piroschka , with Gustav Knuth , Gunnar Möller , Liselotte Pulver and Rudolf Vogel , was the most successful is. At the age of 38 years he committed in Munich suicide . His wife Marion presented the current showroom on NDR in 1964 and later worked as a journalist for Springer Verlag , among others together with Wolf Schneider, her husband's school friend.
  • From 1943 to 1946, Ror Wolf, who was born in Saalfeld / Saale , was a student in the Wickersdorf school community . In 1951 he passed the school leaving examination . Since he was not allowed to study in the GDR , he moved to the Federal Republic in 1953. In Frankfurt am Main he studied literature, philosophy and sociology at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University . After working as a feature editor for a newspaper for students, he became literary editor at Hessischer Rundfunk . Since 1963 he has worked as a freelance writer, but also as a visual artist. He had already created collages for the newspaper for students, in which he used original material from the early days . He has received many awards for his work.
  • Annemarie Elisabeth Wyneken (1906–1942), known as "Anne", grew up in Jena , illegitimate daughter of Gustav Wyneken's wife Luise Margaretha (1876–1945), née Dammermann, and from 1919 was a student at FSG Wickersdorf . Her actual father was a colleague of her mother teaching at DLEH Haubinda . Gustav Wyneken, however, passed Anne off as his biological daughter. From 1925 she belonged to the outer community of the Schule am Meer on Juist . From 1931 she completed an education as a primary school teacher at the Pedagogical Academy in Frankfurt am Main , which she successfully completed with the state examination on March 29, 1933 . There she met her future husband Wilhelm Herbert Balser (actually Wilhelm Herbert Adams, 1912–1945), known as "Willi". She became friends with Eva Seligmann (1912–1997). Willi Balser and Anne married in October 1934. According to a letter of confession from Gustav Wyneken, which he addressed to Anne's husband, Anne became an admirer and supporter of Martin Luserkes as a pupil from Wickersdorf . From May 1, 1934, Anne worked as a teacher. In 1934, 1938 and 1940 the couple had children, two girls and a boy. During the Second World War , Anne's husband was a member of the SS Totenkopf Division under Theodor Eicke on May 27 and 28, 1940, involved in the Le Paradis massacre , in which around 100 British soldiers who had surrendered were murdered. At the end of August 1940, the mentally ill Anne was admitted to the Weilmünster state sanatorium and nursing home , where she died. She was obviously delusional; the suspicion of schizophrenia was discussed. Their three children came to an NSV home in Darmstadt .
  • Hilda Wyneken (1887–1965) was a student at the FSG from October 1907 to April 1911 . The sister of FSG co- founder Gustav Wyneken was later married to the FSG teacher, painter, theologian and composer August Halm , who thus became Wyneken's brother-in-law.
  • The Berliner Hans Heinz Karl Wilhelm Alexander von Zobeltitz , son of the writer Fedor von Zobeltitz and his wife Klara Auguste (1857–1928), née Hackenthal, belonged to the Saxon noble family Zobeltitz . Between 1906 and 1908 he was one of the first students in the Free School Community . Before that, he had attended private lessons, the Maximiliansgymnasium in Munich and the German State Educational Home (DLEH) in Haubinda . From Wickersdorf he went to the Grand Ducal Saxon Art School in Weimar , the Académie Ranson in Paris and the private school of the Munich painter Moritz Heymann . Heinz von Zobeltitz worked as a landscape painter. In October 1918, he married out of the Lower Silesia Namslau originating miniature painter and Kunstwirkerin Erna, born Haselbach, the daughter of a local brewer. The marriage remained childless. Heinz von Zobeltitz died of cancer at the age of only 46.

Known parents

Conrad Ansorge , around 1914
Otto Bamberger , 1928
Bruno Bauer , before 1930
Peter Behrens , 1908
Selig Bernfeld , around 1915
Franz Blei , 1918
Waldemar Bonsels , 1923
Eduard David , 1907
Eugen Diederichs , 1911
Kurt Eisner , before 1919
Arnold Fanck , around 1932
Lyonel Feininger , 1928
Hellmuth Felmy , around 1935
Samuel Fischer with son Gerhart, 1905
Willy Gretor , around 1905
Otto Gross , around 1907
Otto Erich Hartleben , around 1905
Moritz Heimann , around 1920
Karl Járay , around 1925
Georg Kaiser , before 1921
Karl Korsch , 1936
Alfred Kubin , 1904
Else Lasker-Schüler , 1907
Ernst Leitz II , around 1925
Max Maurenbrecher , around 1920
Gustav Noske , before 1918
Fritz Odemar , 1930s
Jørgen Skafte Rasmussen and his wife Therese, 1904
Jurgis Savickis (right) and his wife Ida Trakiner-Savickienė, around 1932
Gertrud Scholtz-Klink , 1934
The van de Velde family in front of their Hohe Pappeln house in Weimar
Fedor von Zobeltitz , ca.1909
  • The Silesian-born pianist and composer Conrad Ansorge and his wife, the Cologne-born pianist Margarete Wegelin (1872-1944), made it possible for their eldest son Joachim (1893-1947), born in Weimar, to visit the Free School Community in Wickersdorf from 1911 to 1912 . Conrad Ansorge, a student of Franz Liszt , was a world-renowned piano virtuoso. He attracted attention because of his unique art of touch and became very successful in the United States from 1887 before settling in Weimar in 1893 and in Berlin from 1895. He maintained lively contact with artistic, literary and scientific circles and set to music for the first time lyrical works by contemporary authors Stefan George , Alfred Mombert and Stanisław Przybyszewski . His concert tours took him from Berlin through all of Germany, Europe and South America. In 1913 he was appointed professor and from 1920 led the master class for piano at the German Academy for Music and Performing Arts in Prague. His virtuosity was considered legendary, and he was particularly brilliant in the works of Beethoven , Chopin , Liszt, Schubert and Schumann . Conrad Ansorge has been portrayed by well-known painters, such as Lovis Corinth and Max Slevogt .
  • Otto Bamberger (1885–1933) was an Upper Franconian entrepreneur, art collector, art patron and social democrat from Lichtenfels in Upper Franconia . He was married to Henriette "Jette" (1891–1978), née Wolff, from Schwäbisch Hall . The couple were members of the “outside community” of the school by the sea . The marriage resulted in two children, Ruth (1914–1983) and Klaus (1920–2008). In 1910, at the age of 25, Otto Bamberger became the managing director of the family business founded by his grandfather David Bamberger (1811–1890). In 1914, the family had a villa built by the architect August Berger , the interior of which was completely redesigned and furnished by the Bauhaus designer Erich Dieckmann in 1928 . The building is now a listed building. Otto Bamberger was considered one of the greatest sponsors and customers of the Bauhaus in Weimar and Dessau. During the 1920s he acquired an extensive expressionist collection of works of art, for example by Ernst Barlach , Max Beckmann , Marc Chagall , Lovis Corinth , Otto Dix , Paul Klee , Oskar Kokoschka , Käthe Kollwitz , Alfred Kubin , Wilhelm Lehmbruck , Max Liebermann , Franz Marc , Paula Modersohn and Emil Nolde . Well-known writers and graphic artists such as Alfred Kubin and painters such as Reinhold Nägele frequented his villa, which was known as the “Sonnenhaus”, on the occasion of regular literary evenings . From 1925, he made it possible for his daughter Ruth (1914–1983) to visit the FSG , which switched to school by the sea in Juist in 1929/30 , where her younger brother Klaus (1920–2008) started school from Easter 1930 . Otto Bamberger was taken into protective custody and interrogated in Frankfurt am Main in 1933 after the cession of power to the National Socialists . He returned to Lichtenfels as a broken man and died shortly afterwards at the age of 48. The Bamberger villa was haunted by the Lichtenfels brown shirts during the “ Reichskristallnacht ”, the Bamberger art collection was classified as “ degenerate ” and confiscated the following day . Most of the works of art from the Bamberger Collection have not reappeared to this day. Some of the woodcuts and prints were found in the cellar of the town hall of Lichtenfels after the end of the war. At the end of 1938 the company was " Aryanized " under unfair conditions and renamed with the names of the new " Aryan " owners.
  • Between 1920 and 1929, the Viennese architect Bruno Bauer financed his son Wilhelm Moriz (1911–1986) to visit FSG Wickersdorf , where he also passed his school leaving examination. His father is considered one of the pioneering architects of his time. He deals with the latest technologies and the possibilities of reinforced concrete construction and developed, for example, an extraordinary new ceiling system in order to achieve the highest level of functionality. After the occupation of Austria by the German Wehrmacht , his architectural office was liquidated and he emigrated to London.
  • The co-founder of the Deutscher Werkbund and pioneer of German industrial design, Peter Behrens , an architect, painter, designer and typographer who was also known for his stage architecture, and his wife Lilli Behrens , a draftsman and textile artist, made it possible for their son Viktor (1903– 1987), to visit FSG Wickersdorf between 1918 and 1920 . There he belonged to Wyneken's comradeship.
  • The Viennese educator and psychoanalyst Siegfried Bernfeld (actually Selig Bernfeld) had been married to the former FSG student Anna Hedwig "Anne" Salomon (1892–1941), a doctor and Marxist, according to the Mosaic rite since January 8, 1915 . Both had studied in Freiburg im Breisgau , he education, she medicine. After their marriage divorced, their daughters Rosemarie (1915–1984) until 1931 and Ruth (1919–2012) until 1932 were sent to the FSG . Siegfried Bernfeld admired Gustav Wyneken and at the end of the 1920s was a member of the supervisory board of the supporting company of the FSG . Bernfeld had published the youth magazine The Beginning together with the FSG student Georges Barbizon . Bernfeld's own remarks from 1916 on the “Eros of Youth”, a system of “libidinal relationships”, he had probably never thought through to a possible risk potential: Youth is dependent on leadership. It cannot create “new values” of its own accord, instead it requires “devoted following”. "Because the eros of youth [...] finds its purest and most youth-appropriate design in the disciples' reverence for the master of words, for their leader on the right track". Anne Salomon went to Moscow, where she remarried. When the Wehrmacht stood before Moscow in 1941 , they took their own life, penniless in a seemingly hopeless situation.
  • In 1925, the social democratic member of the Thuringian state parliament, Bruno Bieligk (1889–1969), co-founder of the state of Thuringia, brought his daughter Anna (* 1912) and his son Heinz (1914–1942) into the FSG . Anna left the boarding school in 1927, Heinz graduated from there in 1935 his matriculation examination . Bruno Bieligk was a member of the supervisory board of the supporting company of the FSG at the end of the 1920s .
  • The industrialist and Royal Saxon Commerce Councilor Moritz Erwin Bienert (1859–1930) and his wife Ida Bienert , née Suckert, brought their two daughters Margret (1893–1945) from 1908 to 1912 and Maria-Louisa "Ise" (* 1894) from 1910 to 1912 to the FSG in Wickersdorf. Marie-Louisa studied at the Bauhaus in Weimar from 1919 . The couple's niece, Alice Esther Bienert (1894–1980), daughter of Ernst Theodor Bienert (1857–1935), also visited the FSG . Moritz Erwin Bienert, whose ancestors had been millers since the 14th century, owned the Dresden Bienertmühle and the Hafenmühle. In 1906 he donated the first public library in Saxony, the Free Public Library Dresden-Plauen , and there the Upper Bienert Park . His wife set up the library, and the couple advanced to be the most important art patrons in Saxony at the time. The couple held FSG shares. The Bienert-Werke continued to exist in the GDR until they were nationalized in 1972 as the VEB Dresdner Mühlen- und Brotwerke and finally closed in 1991.
  • The Viennese writer Franz Blei , who was a lifelong friend of Robert Musil, made it possible for his daughter Maria Eva Sibylla Blei (1897–1962) to visit the FSG between 1908 and 1912 .
  • The most widely read German writer at the time, Waldemar Bonsels ( Maya the Bee ) from Ahrensburg and his wife Klara, née Brandenburg (the sister of his friend Hans Brandenburg ), financed their two sons Frank Lothar Bonsels (1906–1944) and Bernd Holger Bonsels (1907–1978) between 1917 and 1920 he stayed at the FSG .
  • The SPD politician and publicist Heinrich Braun and his wife, journalist, women's rights activist, social democrat and writer Lily Braun , made it possible for their son Otto Braun to attend boarding school in Wickersdorf. In 1916, Lily Braun suffered a stroke when she asked at the post office for a long-awaited letter from her son. He arrived at home the same day from the front and was shocked to learn of his mother's death.
  • The diplomat and interpreter Herbert Cuno Eberhard von Borch (1876–1961) and his wife Emilie Margarete Elsbeth, née Schmidt, gave their Chinese-born son Herbert von Borch the opportunity to visit the FSG . After the First World War, his father, as consul general in Canton, was charged with opening negotiations with China in Beijing on a peace treaty that was signed on May 20, 1921. From 1924 he was head of the East Asia Department (Section IV) of the Foreign Office in Berlin. From 1928 to 1931 he was head of mission at the German Embassy in Beijing as the German envoy and had his office in Nanking .
  • The magician Conradi-Horster (civil: Friedrich Wilhelm Conrad Horster) and his wife Paula, née Breckling, were the parents of the FSG student Horst Horster (1903–1981). His father created magic tricks, founded the "Academy for Magical Art", and created magic equipment, which he offered for sale in his shop in Berlin's Friedrichstrasse from 1904 . Over the course of time, he distributed more than fifty self-written publications on all aspects of magic through the Horsterschen Verlag, which he founded. He supplied Wilhelm II's annual trips to the north with the state yacht Hohenzollern , so he considered himself a purveyor to the imperial court, but did not receive this title.
  • Heinrich Cordes , the only European witness to the murder of Clemens von Ketteler , worked in the foreign service of the Foreign Office as an interpreter at the German legation and German consulates in China and from 1901 bank director of the German-Asian Bank (DAB) in Tientsin , from 1905 also in Beijing. He was married to Yuksin Chou. He paid his daughter Clara (1907–1985) to attend FSG Wickersdorf and, after she switched from Easter 1925, to attend the school by the sea .
  • The high school teacher, editor and SPD politician Eduard Heinrich Rudolf David and his wife Gertrud (1872–1936), née Swiderski, a journalist, film director and producer, financed their daughter Sonja (* 1897) to visit the rural education home in Wickersdorf.
  • The Jena publisher Eugen Diederichs, a friend of Wyneken, and his wife Helene Voigt-Diederichs financed their eldest son Jürgen Alexander Justus (1901–1976) to stay at the boarding school in Wickersdorf between 1913 and 1921, where he belonged to the comradeship of the writer Wilhelm Lehmann , the "Lehmännern" . Eugen Diederich was a Freemason , was close to folk ideas and published, for example, an article in the communications of the anti-Semitic Kampfbund for German culture , which the Nazi ideologist Alfred Rosenberg had initiated. On the FSG supervisory board in 1910, Eugen Diederichs spoke out against Martin Luserke as the successor to Gustav Wyneken in the office of headmaster, because he wanted to bring Max Maurenbrecher into this position. However, this did not prevent him from promoting Luserkes School by the Sea on Juist from 1925 .
  • The Bavarian Prime Minister Kurt Eisner was the father of the student Hans Kurt Eisner , who attended the FSG in 1919/20 immediately after his father was murdered. His mother, the painter Auguste Ludowika Elisabeth "Lisbeth" Eisner (1867–1949), née Hendrich, wanted her son to be housed as far away from any conceivable danger as possible. For example, Lisbeth Eisner, divorced from Kurt Eisner in 1917 , was in contact with Lily Braun , the mother of FSG student Otto Braun .
  • The doctorate lawyer, director, playwright, actor, director, senior director, writer and radio announcer Curt Elwenspoek (pseudonym Christoph Erik Ganter) allowed his two sons Hans and Willi (* 1911) from 1923 visit to the boarding school in Wickersdorf.
  • The mountain, sports, ski and nature film pioneer, cameraman, film director and producer Arnold Fanck ( Der Berg des Schicksals ) from Frankenthal in Palatinate made it possible for his eldest biological son (also adopted son) Arnold Ernst or Arnold junior (1919-1994) ) to attend the FSG between 1930 and 1938 . During this period, Arnold Fanck made well-known films such as Stürme über dem Montblanc , The White Rush - New Miracles of Snowshoeing , SOS Iceberg or The Eternal Dream , before he temporarily forfeited the opportunity to do so by the Nazi regime ( Reichsfilmkammer ). After his eldest son had passed his matriculation exam , he took him on an expedition to Chile lasting several months in 1938/39 in order to learn the necessary know-how of a cameraman. Fanck's youngest son, Hans-Joachim (* 1935), was the actor in front of the camera, like the four-year-old Arnold junior eleven years earlier.
  • The Bauhaus artist Lyonel Feininger , member of the Berlin Secession artist group , and his wife, the artist Julia Berg (1880–1970), née Lilienfeld, financed their son Laurence Karl Johann Feininger (1909–1976) to stay at Wickersdorfer between 1926 and 1929 Country school home.
  • Hellmuth Felmy was an aviator general of the German Wehrmacht in World War II and commanded Luftflotte 2 . He made it possible for his son Hansjörg Felmy to visit the FSG in Wickersdorf in 1944/45 . In 1948 he was convicted in the Generals Trial in Southeastern Europe for his involvement in war crimes in Greece, but was released in 1951.
  • The publisher Samuel Fischer financed his Berlin-born son Gerhart (1894-1913) from 1907 to 1910 to stay at the boarding school in Wickersdorf. Gerhart died of typhus very early . His father was a member of the FSG's supervisory board in the early years .
  • Willy Gretor (also: Grétor, actually: Julius Rudolph Vilhelm Petersen), who was born near Königsberg in East Prussia and grew up in Copenhagen, and his wife, the landowner's daughter Rosa Pfäffinger , were the parents of the pupil Georg Gretor (pseudonym: Georges Barbizon), from whom she was born 1911 to 1913 made it possible to visit the Free School Community in Wickersdorf. At the time of George's birth, the couple lived in the 8th arrondissement of Paris on the Boulevard Malesherbes in a 6-room shared apartment financed by Rosa Pfäffinger with the Copenhagen-born sculptor Hans Birch Dahlerup (1871-1892), a son of Baron Hans Joost Wilhelm Dahlerup (1830–1876) and his wife Baroness Ursula Signe Sofie Dahlerup (1840–1925), the Slovenian painter Ivana Kobilca and the German painter Maria Slavona . They practiced new ways of life and free love , polyamory , in order to "break up the survived, rigid, but subjectivistic house, family and marriage system". In the neighborhood they rented studios for their artistic work. Georg's father was a colorful figure, a painter and art dealer, who is also described as a philosopher and poet, an adventurer, impostor, swindler, art expert, painting collector and picture forger. He is said to have lived consistently and confidently, respected and courted beyond custom and morality, as Frank Wedekind stated. Albert Langen , who is considered rich , was one of Willy Gretor's entourage, helped finance his lifestyle and, at Gretor's request, opened an art publisher on Malesherbes Boulevard. Rosa Pfäffinger paid much of the excesses of Willy Gretor's bohemian life, of which she became part, out of her inheritance until it was used up. She was friends with the sculptor Käthe Kollwitz , whom she knew from their joint training in the women's academy of the Munich Artists' Association . From 1904, Kollwitz raised Georg Gretor together with their own sons Hans and Peter (1896–1914) in Berlin. The reason for this was the life circumstances of her friend Rosa Pfäffinger, which seemed shocking for Kollwitz.
  • The controversial drug addict Austrian anarchist, doctor, psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Otto Gross , himself mostly taught at private schools and by private teachers, and his wife Frieda (1876–1950), née Schloffer, made it possible for their son Peter Wolfgang Gross (1907–1946) to visit the Country school homes in Wickersdorf.
  • In 1911 the Magdeburg politician and member of the state parliament ( NLP , DVP ) and owner of the iron and steel works Otto Gruson & Co. in Magdeburg-Buckau , Otto Gruson , sent two of his children to Wickersdorf. With 60 gear forming machines, Gruson's factory was one of the largest of its kind in the world. His daughter Hildegard "Hilde" (* 1894) stayed for fifteen months, while his son Georg Rudolf "Rudi" (* 1899) stayed for five years until December 1916. During Rudi's time up At the Wickersdorf boarding school, his father was surprised at the beginning of the First World War when he was on a study trip through German East Africa . British troops arrested him as a German national and thus as an enemy of the war and held him prisoner until 1919. In 1916 Rudi Gruson wanted to join Gustav Wyneken's "holy" order of the "Conradiner", but was not allowed to do so.
  • The popular playwright Otto Erich Hartleben made it possible for his illegitimate daughter Isolde "Ilse" Eleonore Hartleben-Wägemann (* 1895) to visit the FSG from 1907 to 1910 . In his youth he made friends with Karl Henckell and Alfred Hugenberg , and during his studies with Adolf Bartels and Hermann Conradi . The by him in Salò on Lake Garda donated Halcyon Academy of unangewandte Sciences were Peter Behrens , Otto Julius Bierbaum , Franz Blei , Gerhart Hauptmann , Alfred Kubin , Ferdinand Pfohl and Emil Orlik , of which Behrens, lead and Kubin to parenthood the outdoor school community included. Behrens staged Hartleben's »Diogenes«. Hartleben published, for example, in the magazine Jugend and, together with Rudolf Steiner , the founder of anthroposophy , was co-editor of the literary magazine Magazin für Litteratur .
  • The writer, critic, editor and editor-in-chief of the S. Fischer publishing house , Moritz Heimann (1868–1925), made it possible for his son Fritz (1901–1974) to visit the country school home in Wickersdorf from 1913 to 1917. Fritz was closely connected to his teacher and comradeship leader Wilhelm Lehmann , whom his father discovered and promoted alongside authors such as Hermann Hesse , Friedrich Huch , Thomas Mann , Oskar Loerke , Hermann Stehr , Emil Strauss and Jakob Wassermann . Moritz Heimann also promoted Expressionism and, overall, played a significant role in the development of modern German literature.
  • The SPD Reichstag delegate and legal expert Wolfgang Heine made it possible for his two sons Walther (* 1890) from 1906 to 1909 and Volker (* 1900) from 1909 to 1917 to visit the educational home. Wolfgang Heine was a long-time friend of Gustav Wyneken and acted as a lawyer for the Free School Community of Wickersdorf .
  • The industrialist Franz Itting , the "red Itting", sent his children, Franz (* 1906), Gotthard (1907–1983) and Wera (1909–1965), born in Saalfeld , and the triplets Irmgard, Sonja and Wolfgang, born in Probstzella (* 1930) and Robert (1926–1943) in the free school community in Wickersdorf. Franz attended the FSG from 1917, Gotthard visited the FSG from 1919 to 1926 and became a photographer, Irmgard visited the FSG from 1945 to 1948 and emigrated to the United States , Robert visited the FSG from 1937 to 1942 and had an accident as an air force helper during World War II fatal, Sonja attended the FSG from 1945 to 1948 and emigrated to Namibia , Wera attended the FSG from 1921 to 1928, studied at the Bauhaus and emigrated to the USA, Wolfgang attended the FSG from 1941 to 1948.
  • The doctorate and habilitated Viennese architect Karl Járay (1878-1947) and his wife Margaret (1875-1942), born Hirsch, financed her eldest son Rudolf (1909-2001) from 1922 to 1929 to stay in the open air school community in Wickersdorf. The Járays descended from the ancient Jewish Jeitteles family , whose origins can be traced back to the early 17th century. In the 19th century the family name was assimilated into Hungarian. Only the generation before Karl Járay moved to Vienna. Due to the occupation of Austria by the German Wehrmacht in 1938, the family had to flee abroad from the National Socialists, first to England, then to Argentina. Karl Járay's wife, his youngest son and his daughter died prematurely in the involuntary emigration, the son in the British internment camp.
  • The expressionist playwright Georg Kaiser from Magdeburg sent his son Michael Laurent (* 1918), who was born in Weimar , to the free school community in Wickersdorf in 1930 . The writer's works were burned by the National Socialists in 1933 . In his works he described man's defeat by the technology he created. Alongside Bertolt Brecht and Gerhart Hauptmann , he is considered the greatest German dramatist before the Nazi era .
  • The Austrian cultural historian, theater and cultural scientist Heinz Kindermann financed his son Gottfried-Karl's stay at the boarding school in Wickersdorf in 1941. Heinz Kindermann was a full professor at the Technical University in Danzig from 1927 . In 1933 he joined the NSDAP , became a supporting member of the SS and spoke out against “non-German literature products”. In November of the same year he was one of the signatories of the professors' commitment at German universities and colleges to Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist state . In 1936 he received a full professorship at the newly established chair for German literary and theater history at the Westphalian Wilhelms University in Münster directly from the Reich Ministry for Science, Education and National Education , which the Philosophical Faculty there did not agree to. In 1943 Kindermann accepted a call as a full professor at the Institute for Theater Studies at the University of Vienna . He was one of the leading literary scholars of the Third Reich . In 1954 he became associate professor and director of the Institute for Theater Studies at the University of Vienna, and in 1959 full professor. In 1970 he retired .
  • David Abraham Kool was the director of Heringsfischerei AG Neptun , based in Emden in East Frisia , which had a fleet of its own loggers . At the same time he acted as consul of the Kingdom of the Netherlands for East Frisia. From 1907 to around 1914 he was chairman of the supervisory board of the Free School Community , and then its economic director. His wife Adriana, born in Rohrbach (near Saalfeld) in Thuringia , daughter of the Dutch theologian and art historian Allard Pierson , was chairwoman of the Evangelical Workers' Association around 1911. The couple made it possible for their son Jaap to attend the Wickersdorf boarding school from 1906 to 1910.
  • The Marxist Karl Korsch , whom Bertolt Brecht referred to as his teacher, and his wife Hedda Gagliardi-Korsch were the parents of the student Sibylle Korsch (1915-1996), who lived in Wickersdorf and was listed in the FSG's student list in 1923 , although she was too was only 7 or 8 years old at the time. Given that her mother Hedda taught at the boarding school between 1916 and 1921, with an interruption from October 1919 to October 1920, this becomes more understandable. Sibylle passed her matriculation examination in 1933 at the Karl Marx School in Berlin. Her father held a professorship for labor, procedural and civil law in Jena in 1923, was Minister of Justice in an SPD - KPD coalition government in Thuringia that same year and a KPD member of the Reichstag from 1924 to 1928 .
  • The writer, book illustrator and graphic artist Alfred Kubin was the stepfather of the FSG student Otto Gründler . Kubin's wife Hedwig (1874–1948), née Heinrich, was Otto Gründler's biological mother, her first marriage to the court assessor Otto Gründler († 1901). In 1904 she married her second husband, Kubin.
  • Walter Kühne (1875–1956), painter, draftsman and graphic artist from Jamlitz in Niederlausitz, made it possible for his youngest son to attend school by the sea . Kühne had taught as a drawing teacher at the FSG Wickersdorf in 1915/16 , which his children Wolfgang (* 1902), Marianne (* 1907) and Walter Georg (1911–1991) visited as pupils.
  • The poet and illustrator Else Lasker-Schüler made it possible for her illegitimate son Paul (1899–1927), who was born in Berlin and whom she named after her brother, who died early, to visit the FSG between 1908 and 1910 . He was a talented graphic artist, attended the Odenwald School in 1912/13 and later the Eugenie Black Forest School in Vienna. Paul's father remained unknown; the poet called him the imaginary name "Alkibiades de Rouan". Paul's health was badly damaged and visibly deteriorated until even doctors could no longer help him.
  • Ernst Leitz II was a left-wing liberal German industrialist and from 1920 the sole shareholder of the Leitz optical works in Wetzlar, Hesse. He financed four children to stay at the boarding school in Wickersdorf, Elsie (1903–1985) from 1917 to 1920, Ernst from 1915 to 1920 and Ludwig (1907–1992) from 1916 to 1920. He made it possible for the youngest of his three sons, Günther visiting the FSG from 1920 to 1925 also visiting the school by the sea on Juist . Ernst Leitz II, a declared opponent of National Socialism , saved numerous Jewish employees of his plant during the Third Reich by obtaining visas for the United States for them. He referred them all to the company's New York office on Fifth Avenue , which housed and fed them at the hotel until suitable jobs were found for everyone. In the USA, this responsible commitment by Ernst Leitz II was compared with the activities of Oskar Schindler and referred to as The Leica Freedom Train .
  • The psychologist Otto Lipmann (1880–1933) from Breslau and his wife Gertrude, née Wendrina, made it possible for their son Hans (1906–1931) to visit the Free School Community from 1923 to 1924 . Otto Lipmann founded the Institute for Applied Psychology in Berlin in 1906 and the Journal for Applied Psychology in 1907 , which he published together with William Stern . Lipmann was involved in developing the first recruitment tests for pilots, typesetters, telegraph operators, metal workers, industrial apprentices and others. In 1908 he published a study on "The Effect of Suggestive Questions". He was the first German psychologist to integrate statistics into his work, for example on “psychological gender differences” (1917, 1924), “business psychology and psychological career counseling” (1918, 1921), “psychological analysis of higher professions” (1920) and a “Outline of Ergonomics and Results of Ergonomic Statistics” (1926). In 1924 he published a work on "Concept and Forms of Intelligence", in 1927 the study "The lie in psychological, philosophical, legal, educational, historical, sociological, linguistic and literary and developmental perspective", and in 1928 the book "Psychology for Teachers" . After the transfer of power to the National Socialists , Lipmann was dismissed as editor-in-chief of the magazine for applied psychology on October 1, 1933 and could not accept a call from the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität . After his death, his obituary mentioned unexpected heart failure as the cause of death, while a scientific publication from 1974 stated suicide.
  • The theologian, publicist and politician Max Maurenbrecher was to be launched in 1910 by the Jena publisher Eugen Diederichs as the successor to Gustav Wyneken ; but this failed and Martin Luserke came into this position. In August 1916 Maurenbrecher brought his three children Ellen (* 1905), Wolf (* 1903) and Bernd (* 1908) to the FSG Wickersdorf . In January 1917 his youngest daughter Maria Lotte (* 1910) also became an FSG student. In February 1918, Ellen and Bernd died of typhus in the Saalfeld hospital . Wolf left the FSG in March 1919 and followed Bernhard Uffrecht to the Freie Schul- und Werkgemeinschaft , which at that time was based in the Sinntalhof owned by the FSG - former Ernst Putz . From 1925 onwards, Maurenbrecher supported Luserkes School by the Sea on Juist .
  • The Social Democratic Reichswehr Minister Gustav Noske sent his daughter Martha (1907–1949) from 1919 to 1920 to the Free School Community in Wickersdorf. However, at the instigation of Gustav Wyneken, she was no longer tolerated in the boarding school. In the student book it was noted that Martha behaved “pathologically; deregistered at our request ”.
  • The theater and film actor Fritz Odemar and his wife, the theater actress Erika Nymgau-Odemar , started another attempt in 1921 with the Free School Community in Wickersdorf to permanently place their son Fritz Erik Sygny Odemar , who had repeatedly been relegated from educational institutions, into a school - unsuccessful. Fritz Odemar took part in productions by Gustaf Gründgens and Heinz Hilpert and was known to a broad public through UFA cinema films. His son also succeeded in doing this later through the medium of television.
  • Jørgen Skafte Rasmussen was a Danish engineer and the main shareholder of Zschopauer Motorenwerke JS Rasmussen AG , whose DKW brand became known as the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer from 1928. From 1921 was the advertising slogan "DKW, d as k leash W under running uphill like others down!" Very successful, the designated popularly known as "ass warmers" DKW applied -Bicycles with an auxiliary motor. In the same year, Rasmussen introduced assembly line production based on the US model. In 1926 he founded a branch in Berlin-Spandau, in which the DKW type P and the DKW two-cylinder two-stroke engine were manufactured. In 1928 Rasmussen acquired Audiwerke AG in Zwickau. As a result of the global economic crisis from autumn 1929, the merger with Horchwerke AG Zwickau and Wanderer-Werke in Schönau near Chemnitz took place in 1932 . This is how Auto Union AG came into being , whose logo with the four horizontally intertwined rings symbolizes the formerly four brands Audi , DKW , Horch and Wanderer . Rasmussen played a key role in founding Auto Union AG . In 1929, Rasmussen manufactured Europe's first refrigerator for private households, and “DKW cooling” became a household name. Rasmussen and his German wife Therese (1884–1973), born in Stolberg, born love, made it possible for the three eldest of their four children, Ilse, Hans Werner and Ove , to visit the FSG . In 1925 Ove moved to the school by the sea in Juist , which his younger brother Arne also attended.
  • The actor Karl Satter and his wife, the actress and translator Ida Orloff , brought their son Heinrich Satter (1908–1992) to Wickersdorf in 1919 . Heinrich later became a writer and critic.
  • Jurgis Savickis (1890–1952), Lithuanian diplomat and author, and his wife, dentist Ida Trakiner-Savickienė (1894–1944), made it possible for their eldest son Algirdas Savickis (1917–1943) to visit the FSG . Jurgis Savickis had attended high school in Moscow and the Jan Mateijko Academy of Fine Arts in Cracow to study painting. During the First World War he was sent to Denmark as a delegate to look after Lithuanian prisoners of war in Germany. After the end of the war, he became the official representative of Lithuania in Denmark, and later in Norway, Sweden and Finland. From 1927 to 1929 he headed the Law and Administration Department in the Lithuanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Kaunas , but also acted as director of the local state theater ( Nacionalinis Kauno dramos teatras ). From 1930 he again represented Lithuania as envoy in Sweden, in 1937/38 in Latvia and from 1938 to 1940 at the League of Nations . Shortly before the occupation of Lithuania by the Red Army in June 1940, he retired to his property in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin near Monaco in the south of France . Savickis is considered an expressionist author who, thanks to his international experience, was ahead of his time in his country.
  • Widowed in her first marriage and divorced in her second marriage, Gertrud Scholtz-Klink , Reich Women's Leader of the Nazi state , made it possible for her son Ernst Klink to attend the Free School Community from 1938 to 1940. In 1940 she married the third marriage of SS-Obergruppenführer August Heissmeyer (1897–1979), the inspector of the National Political Educational Institutions (NPEA or Napola). Gertrud Scholtz-Klink emphasized the absolute claim of her organization to lead the “Aryan women”, for whose ideological training and mobilization she took care of. She was also involved in Nazi crimes. The Reichsfrauenführerin was responsible for controlling the social contacts of the forced laborers who were employed in private households. At times she participated in the selection and training of concentration camp guards. She campaigned with great zeal for the implementation of Nazi social policy until the end of the Third Reich .
  • The Belgian architect and designer Henry van de Velde and his wife Marie-Louise "Maria" van de Velde (1867–1943), b. Sèthe, had seven children, two of whom died early. They financed their children Anne-Sophie Alma (1901–1944), Cornélie Jenny “Nele” (1897–1965), Hélène Johanna Rosina “Puppie, Lene, Helen” (1899–1935) and Thylbert “Thyl” (1904–1980) from 1907 to 1909 boarding school in Wickersdorf. Thylbert's twin sister Thylberthe "Thylla" stayed in the family. Anne-Sophie and Thylbert were born in Weimar, Cornélie and Hélène in Brussels.
  • The journalist and writer Fedor von Zobeltitz from the Saxon noble family Zobeltitz and his wife Klara Auguste (1857–1928), née Hackenthal, made it possible for their son Heinz von Zobeltitz , as one of the first students in the Free School Community , to teach with a musical focus from 1906 to 1908 become. Fedor von Zobeltitz was an integral part of Berlin's literary scene and a co-founder of the Berlin Literary Society . The aristocrat, who loved to travel, developed into a bibliophile , also through his acquaintance with Eduard Grisebach , and helped found the Society of Bibliophiles in Weimar in 1899 .

Other known people related to school

Käthe Kollwitz , 1913
  • The Berlin sculptor Käthe Kollwitz had a good insight into the operation of the Free School Community in Wickersdorf, because her "foster son" Georg Gretor (pseudonym: Georges Barbizon), whom she had taken in from 1904, attended boarding school from 1911 to 1913 and taught there at the same time as a substitute teacher for French. She was a college friend of his mother, Rosa Pfäffinger . Together with her husband Karl Kollwitz , she considered giving their younger son Peter Kollwitz (1896-1914) to the FSG when his transfer in 1911 was threatened. He was close friends with the Berlin FSG student Erich Krems , with whom Käthe Kollwitz also maintained very personal contact, which intensified after the start of the war in 1914. Erich belonged to the Westend district with his older son Hans Kollwitz .
Peter Kollwitz , 1914
  • Peter Kollwitz (1896–1914), the youngest son of the sculptor Käthe Kollwitz , almost became a student of the Free School Community in Wickersdorf. He was described by his mother as very charming, very amiable, soft and funny, as sometimes absent-minded, sometimes cheeky and rude, at times rebellious and rebellious. He didn't like school. In her diary entries, Käthe Kollwitz outlined the thoughts and preferences that haunted her son: “ Playing billiards . Rockclimbing. Painting expressionistically . Skip school. The star Sky. In Zarathustra read. The Tuscany in May. Erich Krems. Hang out in Aschinger's fast buffet. Kintopp . The Baltic dunes at Prerow . Ice skating . The mass demonstrations of the SPD against the danger of war. Read Oscar Wilde in English. Smoke. Rebel against the school. ”In April 1911 he told his older brother Hans (1892–1971) that he wanted to become an artist, definitely a painter. His mother presented some of his drawings to his colleague Max Liebermann , who advised that Peter enroll in the painting class at the Kunstgewerbemuseum . In the same year, his school transfer was in jeopardy, so that his parents considered sending him to the rural education home in Wickersdorf. Since 1909 Peter was in contact with the youth movement ( Bündische Jugend ) through his "foster brother", the FSG student and French assistant teacher Georg Gretor . He was very close friends with the Berlin FSG student Erich Krems . The intended distance to the state school structures of the Wilhelmine era , more freedom, individuality and the camaraderie maintained in the boarding school could probably have attracted Peter in Wickersdorf. The lessons there hardly differed from what he was used to at the state schools in Berlin. On closer inspection, it turned out that Peter would have had to repeat a year in order to catch up with the material in Wickersdorf. After weighing up the advantages and disadvantages of changing schools, Georg Gretor advised against it. Peter Kollwitz then received permission from his parents to leave the state school with the secondary school leaving certificate instead of the Abitur and left his school at Easter 1912. Along with Erich Krems he enlisted after the outbreak of war in 1914 as a volunteer and already fell after a week at the front in West Flanders . In addition to Georg Gretor and Erich Krems, Peter Kollwitz probably also knew the FSG student Otto Braun . His mother Lily Braun was friends with Käthe Kollwitz; both exchanged ideas about their sons.

Audio

  • Die Russische , radio play with reference to the Wickersdorfer boarding school (GDR, mid-1970s), 87:16 min., Deutschlandfunk Kultur

Video

References and footnotes

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Peter Dudek : "Experimental field for a new youth". The Free School Community of Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2009, ISBN 978-3-7815-1681-6 , pp. 11-12.
  2. ^ A b Peter Dudek: "Experimental field for a new youth". The Free School Community of Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2009, ISBN 978-3-7815-1681-6 , p. 300.
  3. ^ Free school community Wickersdorf. History of the inventory builder . In: AdJb inventory A 224, archive of the German youth movement, Ludwigstein Castle, Witzenhausen, Hessen, on: hessen.de
  4. ^ Werner Kraft , Wilhelm Lehmann : Correspondence 1931–1968 . Wallstein, Göttingen 2008, ISBN 978-3-8353-0235-8 (see register of persons).
  5. ↑ Walter Frey-Mauerhofer: Rudolf Aeschlimann (PDF file; 46.4 MB). In: Burgdorfer Jahrbuch 1963 . P. 193f. On: unibe.ch
  6. ↑ a b Wilhelm Pieper: Lower Saxony school reforms in the air fleet command. From the Lower Saxony educational center to the IGS Franzsches Feld . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2009, ISBN 978-3-7815-1683-0 , pp. 64-68.
  7. ↑ "... we wanted to help create a new society" . b: e conversation with Hans Alfken. In: concerns: education . Vol. 17, No. 1, 1984, pp. 72-77.
  8. ^ Gerd Radde (ed.): School reform - continuities and breaks. The Berlin-Neukölln test field . Volume II: 1945 to 1972. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-322-97283-5 , p. 176.
  9. ↑ Hans Alfken . In: paed.com - The educational server with a difference , on: paed.com
  10. ↑ Detlef Oppermann: Hans Alfken died . In: Hessian sheets for popular education. Magazine for adult education in Germany . Vol. 44, No. 3 (1994), pp. 277-279.
  11. ↑ a b c d e f Willi Apel . In: Universität Hamburg, Institute for Historical Musicology, LexM, at: uni-hamburg.de
  12. ↑ a b Werner Röder, Herbert A. Strauss, Institute for Contemporary History, Research Foundation for Jewish Immigration (ed.): Biographisches Handbuch der Deutschensprachigen Emigration nach 1933–1945 . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-11-096854-5 , pp. 28-29.
  13. ↑ a b c Teacher directory of the Free School Community of Wickersdorf. In: Archives of the German Youth Movement, Ludwigstein Castle, Witzenhausen, Hesse.
  14. ↑ Eisner, Bruno . In: Deutsche Biographie , on: deutsche-biographie.de
  15. ^ Accidents and tonality in the musical monuments of the 15th and 16th centuries , inaugural dissertation, Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Triltsch and Huther, Berlin 1936. OCLC 458496592
  16. ^ Radcliffe , History, at: harvard.edu
  17. ^ Willi Apel: The Harvard Dictionary of Music , Harvard University Press, Cambridge (Massachusetts) 2003, ISBN 978-0-674-01163-2 , pp. 240, 259, vii, xxi.
  18. ↑ Laudeck , on: burgen-austria.com
  19. ↑ Willi Apel Early Music Endowment Fund , at: indiana.edu
  20. ↑ Peter Dudek: “Everything is a good average”? Impressions of the student body of the FSG Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . In: Yearbook for Historical Educational Research 2017 , Volume 23. Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2018, ISBN 978-3-7815-2237-4 , pp. 234–279 (citation: pp. 246–247).
  21. ^ Twelfth annual report of the Girls' Public Lyceum in Mödling. About the school year 1914/15 , p. 7.
  22. ↑ Elizabeth Ann Danto: Freud's Free Clinics. Psychoanalysis & Social Justice, 1918–1938 . Columbia University Press, New York City 2007, ISBN 978-0-231-13181-0 , pp. 147, 179, 309.
  23. ^ Letter from Anna Freud to Ernst Freud dated February 11, 1920.
  24. ↑ writing Josephine Dellisch to Anna Freud on 26 October 1946th
  25. ^ Sigmund Freud - Anna Freud. Correspondence . S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2006. ISBN 978-3-10-022750-8 , pp. 206, 207, 290, 291.
  26. ^ Gerd Radde: Fritz Karsen - a Berlin school reformer from the Weimar period . Colloquium, Berlin 1973. ISBN 978-3-7678-0350-3 , p. 130.
  27. ↑ a b c information sheet about the school by the sea on the North Sea island of Juist , school year 1928/29, p. 15.
  28. ^ Information sheet about the school by the sea on the North Sea island of Juist , school year 1929/30, p. 15.
  29. ↑ a b Foundation Schule am Meer (ed.): The complete expansion of the school by the sea on the North Sea island of Juist , Angelsachsen-Verlag, Bremen 1925, p. 14.
  30. ↑ Long awaited snow . In: Hessische / Niedersächsische Allgemeine , February 1, 2014, on: hna.de
  31. ↑ Dr. Alfred Ehrentreich - a staunch reform pedagogue (1946–1962) . In: Geschichtswerkstatt der Alte Landesschule , on: geschichtswerkstatt-als.de
  32. ↑ Walter Thys (ed.): A Landsturmmann in Heaven. Flanders and the First World War in the letters of Herman Nohl to his wife , Leipziger Universitätsverlag, Leipzig 2005. ISBN 978-3-86583-070-8 , p. 237.
  33. ^ Helmuth Kissel: The development of the pedagogical schools 1926-1932. A study of contemporary history on the relationship between state and culture . Hanover / Berlin / Darmstadt 1957, p. 108ff.
  34. ^ Gideon Botsch : "Political Science" in World War II. The "German Foreign Studies" in action 1940–1945 . Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn 2005. ISBN 978-3-506-71358-2 .
  35. ↑ Dirk Kaesler : Sociological Adventure: Earle Edward Eubank visits European sociologists in the summer of 1934 . Springer, Heidelberg / Berlin 2013. ISBN 978-3-531-11781-2 , p. 101.
  36. ↑ Martin Luserke: In conclusion. To the members of our outside community . In: Stiftung Schule am Meer (Ed.): Leaflets of the outer community of the Schule am Meer Juist (North Sea) , no., November 1934, p. 1.
  37. ↑ Peter Dudek: “Life lived in advance”. The memories of the Reichstag member Ernst Putz of his school days in Wickersdorf . In: Gudrun Fiedler , Susanne Rappe-Weber, Detlef Siegfried (Eds.): Collecting - opening up - networking: youth culture and social movements in the archive . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2014, ISBN 978-3-8470-0340-3 , p. 169.
  38. ^ A b Ernst Putz: Notes (prison diary, memories and suicide note) in pre-trial detention in Berlin-Moabit , summer 1933. Typewritten transcription of his sister Charlotte Putz (1903–1960) without page numbers. In: Federal Archives, BArch NY 4156, StA 3.
  39. ↑ Peter Dudek: "The Oedipus from Kurfürstendamm". A Wickersdorf student and his matricide in 1930 . Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2015, ISBN 978-3-7815-2026-4 , p. 68.
  40. ↑ Peter Dudek: “You are and will remain the old abstract ideologue!” The reform pedagogue Gustav Wyneken (1875–1964). A biography . Julius Klinkhardt, 2017, ISBN 978-3-7815-2176-6 , p. 102.
  41. ↑ Meike G. Werner: Friendship. Letters. Sera circle. Rudolf Carnap and Wilhelm Flitner. The story of friendship in letters . In: The youth movement and its effects. Imprinting, networking, social influence . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2014, ISBN 978-3-8470-0343-4 , p. 111.
  42. ↑ Martin Näf: Paul Geheeb. Its development up to the founding of the Odenwald School . Deutscher Studienverlag, Weinheim 1998. ISBN 3-89271-730-3 .
  43. ^ A b c Otto Friedrich Bollnow: Geheeb, Paul Hermann Albert Heinrich . In: Deutsche Biographie , on: deutsche-biographie.de
  44. ↑ Martin Näf: Paul and Edith Geheeb-Cassirer. Founder of the Odenwald School and the École d'Humanité. German, Swiss and international reform pedagogy 1910–1961 . Beltz, Weinheim / Basel 2006. ISBN 978-3-407-32071-1 .
  45. ↑ Peter Dudek: Farewell to educational eros. In: Der Tagesspiegel , March 18, 2010, on: tagesspiegel.de
  46. ↑ Barbara Hanusa: The religious dimension of the reform pedagogy Paul Geheebs. The question of religion in reform pedagogy . Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2006. ISBN 978-3-374-02430-8 .
  47. ↑ Paul Freimut: The meaning of the student corporation and the real task of the German student. Ideas for assessing the student situation . Hermann Rifel & Cie., Hagen i. W. 1891 (quotation p. 34).
  48. ^ Karl Marx : Manuscripts for the second book of "Capital" 1868 to 1881 . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2008. ISBN 978-3-05-006359-1 , p. 1613.
  49. ↑ Martial Dust: Bourgeoisie in Exile . In: Hartmut Lehmann, Otto Gerhard Oexle: National Socialism in the Cultural Studies , Volume 2. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2004. ISBN 978-3-525-35862-7 , p. 354.
  50. ↑ Peter Dudek: “Life lived in advance”. The memories of the Reichstag member Ernst Putz of his school days in Wickersdorf . In: Gudrun Fiedler , Susanne Rappe-Weber, Detlef Siegfried (Eds.): Collecting - opening up - networking: youth culture and social movements in the archive . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2014, ISBN 978-3-8470-0340-3 , p. 178.
  51. ↑ Peter Dudek: "Experimental field for a new youth". The Free School Community of Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2009, ISBN 978-3-7815-1681-6 , p. 296.
  52. ↑ Fritz Hafner (PDF file; 78.9 kB). In: Ostfriesische Landschaft , on: ostfriesenelandschaft.de
  53. ^ Juister personalities , on: juist.de
  54. ↑ Peter Dudek: "Experimental field for a new youth". The Free School Community of Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2009, ISBN 978-3-7815-1681-6 , p. 135.
  55. ↑ Peter Dudek: “That I went my way out of innermost conviction.” - The memories of the Free School Community Wickersdorf in the prison diary of the KPD Reichstag member Ernst Putz (1896–1933) . In: Contributions to the history of the labor movement (BzG), 3 (2011), pp. 91–120, quotation point: pp. 99–100.
  56. ↑ Bernhard Hell: The Evangelical School Community 1930 . On: uni-jena.de
  57. ^ Original school writes history . In: Urspringschule, on: urspringschule.de
  58. ^ Original school - a private evangelical educational home in Baden-Wuerttemberg , November 24, 2009. On: spiegel.de
  59. ^ Stiftung Schule am Meer (publisher): The complete expansion of the school by the sea on the North Sea island of Juist , Angelsachsen-Verlag, Bremen 1925, p. 15.
  60. ↑ Prof. Dr. phil. Gunther Ipsen . On: uni-leipzig.de
  61. ^ A b Peter Dudek: "Experimental field for a new youth" - The Free School Community of Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2009, ISBN 978-3-7815-1681-6 , pp. 11, 55.
  62. ↑ a b Peter Dudek: “You are and will remain the old abstract ideologue!” The reform pedagogue Gustav Wyneken (1875–1964) - A biography . Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2017. ISBN 978-3-7815-2176-6 , SS 131.
  63. ↑ a b c Peter Dudek: “You are and will remain the old abstract ideologue!” The reform pedagogue Gustav Wyneken (1875–1864) - A biography . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2017, pp. 191–192.
  64. ^ A b c d e Peter Dudek: “The Oedipus from Kurfürstendamm”. A Wickersdorf student and his matricide in 1930 . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2015, ISBN 978-3-7815-2026-4 , p. 60.
  65. ↑ a b c d e Jaap Kool (1891–1959) . In: Nederlands Muziek Instituut, at: nederlandsmuziekinstituut.nl
  66. ↑ Jacqueline Oskamp: Een behoorlijk kabaal. A cultuur-geschiedenis van Nederland in de twintigste eeuw . Ambo Anthos, Amsterdam 2016. ISBN 978-90-263-3590-7 .
  67. ↑ Fox on 78 , issue 15 (1927).
  68. ↑ Jaap Kool . In: IMDb, on: imdb.com
  69. ↑ De Drie Wensen . In: filmportal.de, on: filmportal.de
  70. ↑ Nederlandsch-Duitsche Kultuurgemeenschap . In:, on: archieven.nl
  71. ^ A b Peter Dudek: "Experimental field for a new youth" - The Free School Community of Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2009, ISBN 978-3-7815-1681-6 , p. 356.
  72. ^ Hilmar Höckner: August Halm and the music in the free school community Wickersdorf . G. Kallmeyer, Wolfenbüttel 1927, p. 91ff. OCLC 21590165
  73. ^ Regula Puskás: Ernst Kurth. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . November 6, 2008. Retrieved June 29, 2019 .
  74. ^ Stiftung Schule am Meer (ed.): The complete expansion of the school by the sea on the North Sea island of Juist . Angelsachsen-Verlag, Bremen 1925, p. 15.
  75. ^ Ricarda Dick (Ed.): Werner Kraft, Wilhelm Lehmann. Correspondence 1931–1968 , Volume 2. Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2008, p. 677.
  76. ^ A b Alfred Carl Rudolph Commichau . In: Bernhard Koerner (Ed.), Daniel Ihonor (Ed.): German Gender Book , Volume 215 - Saxony, 2nd Upper Saxon Gender Book , CA Starke, Limburg 2002, ISBN 978-3-7980-0215-9 .
  77. ↑ Roland Hottas: Special portraits and landscapes are shown in Lübben Castle . In: LR Online , Lausitzer Rundschau , March 20, 2006, at: lr-online.de
  78. ^ Christiaan F. Rüter , DW de Mildt (ed.): Justice and Nazi crimes. Collection of German criminal judgments for Nazi homicidal crimes 1945–1966 , Volume XIII. University Press, Amsterdam 1975, ISBN 978-90-8964-490-9 , pp. 615-644. No. 429: Subject matter of the proceedings: shooting of the Jewish residents of Krutscha (near Smolensk) on the orders of the battalion commander, Darmstadt Regional Court, March 10, 1956 .
  79. ↑ Peter Schulz-Hageleit: Awareness of history and care for the future: Unconsciousness in historical and historical didactic discourse. History lessons as "historical life science" . Springer Verlag, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-8255-0486-1 , pp. 141-142.
  80. ↑ Scope of action . In: Verbrechen der Wehrmacht, on: verbrechen-der-wehrmacht.de
  81. ↑ Dörte Hellwig: Surprised by the painting grandmother . In: LR Online , Lausitzer Rundschau , May 5, 2006, at: lr-online.de
  82. ↑ museum commemorates Jamlitzer painter . In: LR Online , Lausitzer Rundschau , February 10, 2006, at: lr-online.de
  83. ^ Helga Mittellicher: Nazi literary prizes for Austrian authors. A documentation (literature in history - history in literature) . Böhlau, Vienna 1998, ISBN 978-3-205-98204-3 , p. 87.
  84. ↑ Werner Meyer: What the comrades of the Odenwald school read . In: Der neue Waldkauz , 6 (1932), pp. 129–150.
  85. ^ Elija Horn: India as an educator: Orientalism in German reform pedagogy and youth movement 1918–1933 . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2018, ISBN 978-3-7815-2232-9 , p. 133.
  86. ^ Dennis Shirley: The Politics of Progressive Education: The Odenwaldschule in Nazi Germany . Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1992, ISBN 978-0-674-68759-2 , pp. 74, 87, 108, 133, 161, 163, 167, 168, 186.
  87. ↑ Peter Dudek: "Experimental field for a new youth". The Free School Community of Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2009, p. 144.
  88. ↑ Peter Dudek: “You are and will remain the old abstract ideologue!” The reform pedagogue Gustav Wyneken (1875–1864) - A biography . Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2017, ISBN 978-3-7815-2176-6 , pp. 361-363.
  89. ^ Rudolf Pannwitz: The elementary school teacher and the German language , Berlin 1907. OCLC 767892363
  90. ^ Rudolf Pannwitz: The elementary school teacher and the German culture , Berlin 1909. OCLC 185279222
  91. ^ Judgment of the Berlin Regional Court against Otto Peltzer of June 22, 1935. In: Berlin State Archives File A Rep. 358-02, No. 10/931; Quoted from: Transcription with footnotes by Prof. Dr. Peter Dudek, submitted on August 20, 2020
  92. ↑ Peter Dudek: "Experimental field for a new youth". The Free School Community of Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2009, ISBN 978-3-7815-1681-6 , pp. 396-398
  93. ↑ Peter Dudek: “Everything is a good average”? Impressions of the student body of the FSG Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . In: JHB 23 - Yearbook for Historical Educational Research 2017 . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2018, ISBN 978-3-7815-2237-4 , pp. 234–279 (citation: p. 236)
  94. ↑ Peter Dudek: “You are and will remain the old abstract ideologue!”: The reform pedagogue Gustav Wyneken (1875–1864) - A biography . Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2017, ISBN 978-3-7815-2176-6 , pp. 332–341
  95. ↑ Volker Kluge: Otto the Strange . Parthas-Verlag, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-932529-74-X , chapter 3.
  96. ^ A b Friedrich Schoenfelder: I was always me - memories of life . Verlag Das Neue Berlin, Berlin 1996, ISBN 978-3-359-00841-5 , pp. 23-24.
  97. ↑ Peter Dudek: “You are and will remain the old abstract ideologue!” The reform pedagogue Gustav Wyneken (1875–1964). A biography . Julius Klinkhardt, 2017, ISBN 978-3-7815-2176-6 , pp. 328–331.
  98. ↑ Peter Dudek: "The Oedipus from Kurfürstendamm". A Wickersdorf student and his matricide in 1930 . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2015, ISBN 978-3-7815-2026-4 , p. 56.
  99. ↑ Peter Dudek: "Experimental field for a new youth" - The Free School Community of Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2009, ISBN 978-3-7815-1681-6 , p. 82.
  100. ^ Claus Victor Bock : Visiting the ivory tower: speeches, documents, essays . Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1990, ISBN 978-3-88479-430-2 , p. 170.
  101. ↑ Peter Dudek: “You are and will remain the old abstract ideologue!” The reform pedagogue Gustav Wyneken (1875–1964). A biography . Julius Klinkhardt, 2017, ISBN 978-3-7815-2176-6 , p. 266.
  102. ↑ Martin Modes: The Free School Community of Wickersdorf - fascinating, unique and terrifying , lecture by Prof. Dr. Peter Dudek in the Saalfeld Palace Chapel, the Saalfeld Museum and History Association and the district archive of the Saalfeld-Rudolstadt district (organizer), March 20, 2013, on :kreis-slf.de
  103. ↑ Peter Dudek: "Life lived in advance" - The memories of the Communist Reichstag member Ernst Putz of his school days in Wickersdorf . In: Gudrun Fiedler, Susanne Rappe-Weber, Detlef Siegfried (Eds.): Collecting - opening up - networking. Youth culture and social movements in the archive . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2014, ISBN 978-3-8470-0340-3 , pp. 161–182 (quotation point p. 174).
  104. ^ The curriculum vitae of Heinrich [d. i. Peter] Suhrkamp from February 4, 1952. In: German Literature Archive Marbach . Peter Suhrkamp Archive , media number BF000404119.
  105. ↑ Barbara Stambolis : Youth Moves: Essays on autobiographical texts by Werner Heisenberg, Robert Jungk and many others . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2013, ISBN 978-3-8470-0004-4 , pp. 684-685.
  106. ↑ Peter Dudek: "Experimental field for a new youth" - The Free School Community of Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2009, ISBN 978-3-7815-1681-6 , p. 448.
  107. ↑ Peter Dudek: "Experimental field for a new youth" - The Free School Community of Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2009, ISBN 978-3-7815-1681-6 , p. 312ff.
  108. ↑ Photo: Martin Luserke, Beate Köstlin (Uhse) and Erne Wehnert on board the octopus . On: luserke.net
  109. ↑ Cover photo : Astrid Beier: Althagen school in Mecklenburg, Ahrenshoop school in Pomerania .
  110. ^ Astrid Beier: School Althagen in Mecklenburg, School Ahrenshoop in Pomerania . Self-published, Ahrenshoop 2005, without ISBN , on: gbv.de
  111. ↑ Ahrenshoop community archive: Erne Wehnert, Althagen School / Ahrenshoop School, duration: 1946–1970.
  112. Jump up ↑ Astrid Beier / Friedrich Schulz: Anyone who steals the sails is cowardly… - Memories of the teacher Erne Wehnert (1900–1985) , in: Heimatverband im Landkreis Ribnitz-Damgarten e. V. (Ed.): Yearbook 1994, pp. 97f.
  113. ↑ Martin Kießig : Martin Luserke. Shape and work. Attempt to interpret the essence . Phil. Diss. University of Leipzig, J. Särchen Verlag. Berlin 1936; quoted from The Journey of Martin Luserke . Lecture by Kurt Sydow on the 100th birthday of Martin Luserke on May 3, 1980, at: luserke.net
  114. ↑ Hermann Kurzke : Thomas Mann. Life as a work of art . CH Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 978-3-406-55166-6 , p. 374.
  115. ^ Thijs Maasen: Pedagogical Eros. Gustav Wyneken and the Free School Community of Wickersdorf (= social science studies on homosexuality, edited by Rüdiger Lautmann ). Verlag Rosa Winkel, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-86149-032-3 .
  116. ↑ Magdalena Klinger: Pedagogical Eros. Eroticism in teaching and learning relationships from a context-analytical and historical perspective . Logos Verlag, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-8325-2923-9 , p. 230.
  117. ↑ a b Bernd-Ulrich Hergemöller , Nicolai Clarus: Mann für Mann: biographical lexicon on the history of love for friends and male-male sexuality in the German-speaking area , part 1 (= sociological studies on homosexuality, edited by Rüdiger Lautmann). LIT Verlag, Münster 2010, ISBN 978-3-643-10693-3 , pp. 1301-1303.
  118. ^ Gustav Wyneken: Eros . Adolf Saal Verlag, Lauenburg / Elbe 1921, p. 67, 71. OCLC 719479470 Quoted from: Ullrich Herrmann : Abuse of educational relationships through sexual violence . In: Christoph Leser, Torsten Pflugmacher, Marion Pollmanns, Jens Rosch, Johannes Twardella (Eds.): Assignment: Pedagogy and Contradiction . Verlag Barbara Budrich, Leverkusen 2014, ISBN 978-3-8474-0436-1 , pp. 171–205 (citation: p. 185).
  119. ↑ Inga Pinhard: About real boyish love and educational eros (PDF file; 3.3 MB). In: DJI Impulse. The Bulletin of the German Youth Institute , 3 (2011), pp. 20–23.
  120. ^ Ansorge, Joachim . In: Deutsche Biographie , on: deutsche-biographie.de
  121. ↑ Student directory of the Free School Community Wickersdorf. In: Archives of the German Youth Movement, Ludwigstein Castle, Witzenhausen, Hesse.
  122. ↑ Ruth Bamberger: Arrival in Juist [essay on the school by the sea ], typed, undated [presumably. 1970s or early 1980s], 5 pages.
  123. ↑ Ruth Bamberger: Abitur (graduation) [essay on the school by the sea ], typewritten, undated [presumably. 1970s or early 1980s], 4 pages.
  124. ↑ Leaflets of the outer community of the Schule am Meer, Juist (North Sea) , 14th circular, April 1933, pp. 10-11.
  125. ↑ Klaus Bamberger: Meine Ferien [diary], handwritten entries, partly rhymed, with 3 glued photos, undated [clearly summer 1935], unpublished, 43 pages plus title page, without page numbering [p. 16-17].
  126. ^ Klaus Bamberger: From the history of the Bamberger family. Childhood memories of Lichtenfels (= Kleine CHW-Schriften, Colloquium Historicum Wirsbergense, Issue 2; Lichtenfelser Hefte zur Heimatgeschichte, special issue 3), ed. v. City archive Lichtenfels, Schulze, Lichtenfels 2005, ISBN 3-87735-177-8 , p. 42.
  127. ^ Maria Becker: Pieces of Memory. Memories by Maria Becker - to Claude on the occasion of his 80th birthday in 2000 . Unpublished essay, Ulster 2000. From the estate of Claude P. Bamberger, owned by Mo-Li Bamberger, Tenafly, New Jersey, USA.
  128. ^ Klaus Bamberger: From the history of the Bamberger family. Childhood memories of Lichtenfels (= Kleine CHW-Schriften, Colloquium Historicum Wirsbergense, Issue 2; Lichtenfelser Hefte zur Heimatgeschichte, special issue 3), ed. v. Lichtenfels City Archives, Schulze, Lichtenfels 2005, ISBN 3-87735-177-8 , p. 53.
  129. ↑ a b c d Peter Dudek: "Everything good average"? Impressions of the student body of the FSG Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . In: Yearbook for Historical Educational Research 2017 , Volume 23. Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2018, ISBN 978-3-7815-2237-4 , pp. 234-279 (citation: p. 269).
  130. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Student directory of the Free School Community of Wickersdorf . In: Archives of the German youth movement , Ludwigstein Castle near Witzenhausen in Hesse.
  131. ↑ Obituary for Prof. Dr. Alfred Benninghoven . In: German Society for Mass Spectrometry, on: dgms.eu
  132. ↑ Harald Metzkes : The world speaks loudly and does not hear . In: Berliner Zeitung , January 9, 2001, at: berliner-zeitung.de
  133. ↑ Bonsels, Bernd-Holger (1907–1978) , on: kalliope-verbund.info
  134. ↑ Bonsels, Bernd-Holger . In: Deutsche Biographie , on: deutsche-biographie.de
  135. ↑ Gisela Bonsels: The stolen robber . Thienemann, Stuttgart 1958.
  136. ↑ Gisela Bonsels: Max and the males . Thienemann, Stuttgart 1961.
  137. ↑ Egon and Kurt Bonsels: Outline of the historical connections between the Bonsels families (PDF file; 2.3 MB), 2008, on: kurt-bonsels.de
  138. ↑ Herbert von Borch . In: Munzinger Online / Personen - Internationales Biographisches Archiv , on: munzinger.de
  139. ^ A b Dorothee Wierling : A family at war. Living, Dying and Writing 1914–1918 . Wallstein-Verlag, Göttingen 2013. ISBN 978-3-8353-1301-9 .
  140. ↑ Peter Dudek: “You are and will remain the old abstract ideologue!” The reform pedagogue Gustav Wyneken (1875–1964). A biography . Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, 2017, ISBN 978-3-7815-2176-6 , pp. 119ff.
  141. ↑ SM Wennich (edit.): The Reserve Jäger Battalion No. 21 in the World War. Loss list . In: Denkmalprojekt, on: denkmalprojekt.org
  142. ↑ Peter Dudek: "Experimental field for a new youth" - The Free School Community of Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2009, ISBN 978-3-7815-1681-6 , p. 184.
  143. ↑ Julie Vogelstein : Otto Braun. From the posthumous writings of an early completed man . Bruno Cassirer Verlag, Berlin 1920. OCLC 639769761
  144. ↑ Arno Orzessek : He was allowed to die in the sea of ​​fire . In: Deutschlandfunk Kultur, February 13, 2014, at: deutschlandfunkkultur.de
  145. ↑ Peter Dudek: "Experimental field for a new youth" - The Free School Community of Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2009, ISBN 978-3-7815-1681-6 , p. 184.
  146. ↑ Peter Dudek: “Life lived in advance”. The memories of the Reichstag member Ernst Putz of his school days in Wickersdorf . In: Gudrun Fiedler, Susanne Rappe-Weber, Detlef Siegfried (Eds.): Collecting - opening up - networking: youth culture and social movements in the archive . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2014, ISBN 978-3-8470-0340-3 , p. 180.
  147. ^ A b Wilhelm Matzat : Cordes, Heinrich. On: tsingtau.org
  148. ↑ Irmgard Heidler: The publisher Eugen Diederichs and his world (1896-1930) . Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden 1998, ISBN 978-3-447-04029-7 , pp. 52, 57, 884.
  149. ↑ Peter Dudek: “Life lived in advance”. The memories of the Communist Reichstag member Ernst Putz of his school days in Wickersdorf . s. 161-182 (citation: p. 168).
  150. ↑ General Artist Lexicon (AKL). The visual artists of all times and peoples Walter de Gruyter, Leipzig / Munich 2000, vol. 28 Disney - Donnus, ISBN 978-3-598-22768-4 , p. 257.
  151. ↑ Mortimer G. Davidson: Art in Germany 1933–1945 , Vol. 2/1, Grabert, Tübingen 1991, ISBN 3-87847-095-9 , Fig. 196.
  152. ^ Mortimer G. Davidson: Art in Germany 1933–1945 . Vol. 2/2, Grabert, Tübingen 1992, ISBN 3-87847-096-7 , pp. 272f.
  153. ^ Foundation House of Art, Historical Archive, HDK 24.
  154. ↑ The artist Bernhard Dörries (PDF file; 84.2 kB), on: digiporta.net
  155. ↑ Hans Kurt Eisner. In: Buchenwald and Mittelbau-Dora Memorials Foundation , at: Buchenwald.de
  156. ↑ Hans Elwenspoek . In: filmportal.de, on: filmportal.de
  157. ^ Standesamt Charlottenburg von Berlin, death register 1982, P Rep. 559 No. 839, 2971, p. 82.
  158. ↑ Max Joseph Julius Kahn (* July 21, 1919 in Magdeburg; † November 2, 1982 in Berlin) was the son of the (Jewish) doctor Dr. med. Julius Kahn (born December 1, 1885 in Altenbamberg , Rhineland-Palatinate; † April 1, 1939 in Magdeburg) and his wife Helene Marie Luise (born March 19, 1895 in Schönebeck , Saxony-Anhalt; † March 3, 1948 in Magdeburg) , born goose. Quotation from: German minority population census , May 17, 1939. This population census recorded personal data on “blood descent” on a “supplementary card” to be handed in in a sealed envelope and thus also persons who, according to the First Ordinance to the Reich Citizenship Act, were classified as “Jewish” (contrary to “German-blooded”) were classified as “valid Jew”. - After attending primary school in Magdeburg, Max moved to the Free School Community in Wickersdorf in 1930 . During the NS time as a so-called "half-breed first degree" ( " half-Jew ") classified blonde and blue-eyed Max Kahn suffered on 17 February 1934, Wickersdorf by his classmates Walter Helmuth Külz (born July 15, 1918 in Munich, † 1986 in San Francisco) a bullet in the neck. Quoted from: Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), Vol. 259, No. 22, Obituary Listing, June 10, 1988, pp. 3341-3346; Quoted from: Chronicle of the Free School Community Wickersdorf , entry from February 17, 1934 (according to Prof. Dr. Peter Dudek, April 10, 2020). - Walter Külz decided to become a doctor and emigrated to the United States in 1953. Quoted from: Petition for Naturalization No. 144928 , District Court of the United States of San Francisco, California; Arrival on June 29, 1953 by SS Maasdam ( Holland-Amerika Lijn ) in New York City, Alien Registration No. A8 505 589. - After leaving the school community in Wickersdorf in 1934, Max Kahn trained as a motor vehicle mechanic. In 1939, his father died of a tumor at the age of only 53. Quoted from: Death book of the registry office Magdeburg, No. 748/1939, April 3, 1939. - In 1940/41 Max served as a driver for the mountain troops in the Wehrmacht . On February 23, 1944, he was 24 years old because of “traffic”. With]. Jüdin ”(“ Rassenschande ”) arrested and by the State Police Headquarters (StaPo LSt) in Magdeburg initially to the Gestapo detention center Magdeburg-Rothensee and on May 27, 1944 as a political prisoner (prisoner number 9754) to the“ protective custody camp ”of the Buchenwald concentration camp near Weimar deported. Quoted according to “Prisoner Personnel Card” of KL Buchenwald from May 27, 1944. - From there he was employed as a car fitter due to his professional training in the locksmith's shop of the German equipment works (DAW), an armaments company of the SS . During the night he had to repair and maintain the DAW vehicles so that they were ready for use again the following day. After about a year he was freed from Buchenwald by the approaching US Army and formally released from camp detention on May 7, 1945. Quoted according to Order for disposal of inmates from the Military Government of Germany dated May 7, 1945. - On this occasion, in addition to his mother, he gave the Magdeburg-based doctor and former SPD city councilor Dr. med. Ernst Thesing . Quoted according to Questionnaire for concentration camp inmates (Concentration Camp Inmates Questionnaire) of the Military Government of Germany dated April 28, 1945. - In 1948, his mother died of suicide at the age of only 52 . Quoted from: Death book of the registry office Magdeburg, No. 400/1948, March 6, 1948. - Max Kahn died at the age of 63.
  159. ^ Written information from the private archive of Arnold Ernst Fanck's son Matthias Fanck, email from April 25, 2019.
  160. ^ Standesamt Charlottenburg von Berlin, death register 1982, P Rep. 559 No. 839, 2971, p. 82.
  161. ↑ Peter Dudek : "Experimental field for a new youth". The Free School Community of Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2009, ISBN 978-3-7815-1681-6 , pp. 390ff.
  162. ↑ Peter Dudek: The Oedipus from Kurfürstendamm - A Wickersdorfer student and his matricide 1930 . Julius Klinkhardt, 2015, ISBN 978-3-7815-2026-4 , pp. 41-42.
  163. ↑ Peter Dudek: “You are and will remain the old abstract ideologue!” The reform pedagogue Gustav Wyneken (1875–1864). A biography . Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2017, ISBN 978-3-7815-2176-6 , p. 332.
  164. ^ Matthias Fanck : Mountain film pioneer Arnold Fanck. Forgotten star . In: Der Spiegel EINESTAGES , October 11, 2015, on: spiegel.de
  165. ^ Rudolf Metz / Arnold Ernst Fanck: Face of noble stones. Minerals - Crystals . Chr.Belser Verlag, Stuttgart 1964/1978.
  166. ↑ Laurence Feininger: The early history of the canon to Josquin des Prez (around 1500) . Philosophical dissertation, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, July 1, 1937, H. & J. Lechte, Emsdetten 1937 OCLC 250579807 .
  167. ↑ Danilo Curti-Feininger: Protagonisti. I personaggi che hanno fatto il Trentino dal Rinascimento al Duemila . Società iniziative editoriali, Trient 1997, p. 158.
  168. ^ The Lovely Legacy of a Musical Crusade , In: The New York Times , August 19, 2000.
  169. ^ Dietrich Frauboes , on: filmportal.de
  170. ↑ Dietrich Frauboes , on: synchronkartei.de
  171. ↑ Dietrich Frauboes Collection , duration 1943–1976. In: Archive of the Academy of Arts , Berlin, on: adk.de
  172. ↑ Margarete Fuhrmann . In: German National Library , on: dnb.de
  173. ↑ Margarethe Fuhrmann: Schelling's philosophy of art and its relationship to the aesthetic views of the classical and romantic poets . In: Yearbook of the Philosophical Faculty in Leipzig . Weida in Thuringia, 1922, p. 7ff., On: hathitrust.org
  174. ↑ Materials on Margarethe Fuhrmann . In: State and University Library Bremen , on: uni-bremen.de
  175. ↑ Ines Geipel: The booklet . Novel. Transit, Berlin 1999, ISBN 978-3-88747-146-0 .
  176. ↑ Prof. Ines Geipel . In: Ernst Busch Academy of Dramatic Art, on: hfs-berlin.de
  177. ↑ Ines Geipel: Die Russische , radio play, Deutschlandradio, Berlin 2002, director: Christiane Ohaus , composition: Christoph Grund, 87:16 min.
  178. ^ A b c Gideon Botsch , Josef Haverkamp: youth movement, anti-Semitism and right-wing politics. From the “Freideutschen Jugendtag” to the present . (= European-Jewish studies - contributions 13). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-11-030642-2 ; P. 80.
  179. ^ Yury Winterberg , Sonya Winterberg : Kollwitz. The biography. Bertelsmann, Munich 2015, ISBN 978-3-570-10202-2 , p. 90.
  180. ↑ Ulrike Wolff-Thomsen: Willy Gretor (1868-1923). His role in the international art business and art trade around 1900 . Ludwig, Kiel 2006, ISBN 3-937719-33-4 , p. 41.
  181. ^ A b Yvonne Schymura: Käthe Kollwitz. Love, war and art . CH Beck, Munich 2016, ISBN 978-3-406-69871-2 , p. 82.
  182. ↑ Ellemor angle Georg Moltved: Jenrikhus og Georg Gretor. In: Jul i Frederikssund. 13 (1991), pp. 23-30.
  183. ^ Peter Wolfgang Gross: curriculum vitae . In: ders .: To the clinic of bilateral traumatic shoulder joint dislocation . Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Medical Faculty 1934.
  184. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Peter Dudek: "Everything good average"? Impressions of the student body of the FSG Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . In: Yearbook for Historical Educational Research 2017 , Volume 23. Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2018, ISBN 978-3-7815-2237-4 , pp. 234–279 (citation: p. 255).
  185. ↑ Peter Gross , on: dehmlow.de
  186. ↑ a b Peter Dudek: “You are and will remain the old abstract ideologue!” The reform pedagogue Gustav Wyneken (1875–1964) - A biography . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2017. ISBN 978-3-7815-2176-6 , p. 125.
  187. ↑ a b Peter Dudek: “Life lived in advance”. The memories of the Reichstag member Ernst Putz of his school days in Wickersdorf . In: Gudrun Fiedler, Susanne Rappe-Weber, Detlef Siegfried: Collect - open up - network. Youth culture and social movements in the archive . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2014. ISBN 978-3-8470-0340-3 , p. 164.
  188. ↑ Peter Dudek: “You are and will remain the old abstract ideologue!” The reform pedagogue Gustav Wyneken (1875–1964). A biography . Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, 2017, ISBN 978-3-7815-2176-6 , p. 363.
  189. ^ Logbook of the Schule am Meer Juist, entry from June 21, 1933.
  190. ↑ Ina Bodenröder: Opladener reports on his father's Nazi past . In: RP Online, August 28, 2015, at: rp-online.de
  191. ↑ Waldemar Hans Horster: The magician and his grandson. FW Conradi-Horster. From the life story of the magician . Huber, Offenbach am Main 2012, ISBN 978-3-921785-99-7 .
  192. ↑ Waldemar Hans Horster: The magician and his grandson: From the life story of the magician Friedrich Wilhelm Conrad Horster . Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2016, ISBN 978-3-7412-5157-3 , p. 114.
  193. ↑ Waldemar Hans Horster: The magician and his grandson: From the life story of the magician Friedrich Wilhelm Conrad Horster . Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2016, ISBN 978-3-7412-5157-3 , p. 156.
  194. ↑ Willy Dähnhardt , Birgit Susanne Nielsen: Exile in Denmark. German-speaking scientists, artists and writers in exile in Denmark . Westholsteinische Verlagsanstalt Boyens & Co. 1987, ISBN 978-3-8042-0569-7 , pp. 331–336.
  195. ↑ Peter Dudek: "Experimental field for a new youth" - The Free School Community of Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2009, ISBN 978-3-7815-1681-6 , pp. 18, 92, 269, 358.
  196. ↑ Misha Shifman: Standing Together In Troubled Times: Unpublished Letters Of Pauli, Einstein, Franck And Others . World Scientific, Hackensack, New Jersey, 2017, ISBN 978-981-3201-00-2 , p. 33.
  197. ↑ Houtermans, Fritz . In: Deutsche Biographie , on: deutsche-biographie.de
  198. ↑ Martin W. Teucher : Houtermans, Fritz . In: Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB) , Volume 9, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1972, ISBN 3-428-00190-7 , pp. 661f.
  199. ^ Viktor Gorgé: Friedrich Georg Houtermans. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . October 29, 2007. Retrieved June 29, 2019 .
  200. ↑ a b c Konrad Landrock: Friedrich Georg Houtermans (1903–1966) - an important physicist of the 20th century (PDF file; 583 kB). In: Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau , Volume 56, Issue 4 (2003), pp. 187–199.
  201. ↑ Houtermans dossier, including his curriculum vitae, signed by FG ​​Houtermans in 1951, including a list of his published original work. In: University Archives Bern. In: Bern State Archives, signature BB8.l.329.
  202. ↑ Charlotte Houtermans . In: Deutsche Biographie , on: deutsche-biographie.de
  203. ↑ Iosif B. Khriplovich : The Eventful Life of Fritz Houtermans . In: Physics Today , 45, 7, 29 (1992).
  204. ↑ Viktor J. Frenkel: Professor Friedrich Houtermans - work, life, fate. Biography of a twentieth century physicist (PDF file; 9.8 MB). In: Max Planck Institute for the History of Science , on: mpiwg-berlin.de
  205. ↑ Misha Shifman: Standing Together In Troubled Times: Unpublished Letters Of Pauli, Einstein, Franck And Others . World Scientific, Hackensack, New Jersey, 2017, ISBN 978-981-3201-00-2 , p. 76.
  206. ^ A b Edoardo Amaldi: The Adventurous Life of Friedrich Georg Houtermans, Physicist (1903-1966) . Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin / New York 2012, ISBN 978-3-642-32854-1 , p. 81.
  207. ↑ Dirk Lorenzen: Forgotten Stars: Fritz Houtermans . In: Deutschlandfunk, September 16, 2014, on: deutschlandfunk.de
  208. ↑ Iosif B. Khriplovich : The Eventful Life of Fritz Houtermans . In: Physics Today , Volume 45, Issue 7 (1992), pp. 29-37.
  209. ↑ Konrad Landrock: Friedrich Georg Houtermans (1903-1966). A great physicist of the 20th century . In: Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau , Volume 56, Issue 4 (2003), pp. 187–199.
  210. ↑ Reinhard Müller : Curriculum Vitae as a Legend. Friedrich Houtermans: physicist, Soviet spy, NKVD and Gestapo prisoner . In: exile. Research, findings, results , volume 2 (2010), pp. 66–91.
  211. ^ Misha Shifman: Standing Together in Troubled Times. Unpublished Letters by Pauli, Einstein, Franck and Others . World Scientific Publishing, Hackensack, New Jersey 2017, ISBN 978-981-3201-00-2 , p. 27.
  212. ↑ Houterman . In: USGS NASA Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature , at: usgs.gov
  213. ↑ Houtermans Award , on: eag.eu.com
  214. ↑ Engineering School Technikum Ilmenau , on: uni-jena.de
  215. ↑ a b Peter Dudek: "Everything good average"? Impressions of the student body of the FSG Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . In: Yearbook for Historical Educational Research 2017 , Volume 23. Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2018, ISBN 978-3-7815-2237-4 , pp. 234-279 (citation: p. 270).
  216. ↑ Transplanted Rocket Pioneers (PDF file; 1.2 MB). In: University of Alabama at Huntsville, at: amazonaws.com
  217. ↑ Ulli Kulke: Space Striker. Wernher von Braun and the race to the moon . Bastei Lübbe, Cologne 2012, ISBN 978-3-8387-1664-0 , pp. 139, 255.
  218. ^ Ulli Kulke: Sauerkraut and Saturn . In: Die Welt , October 11, 2008, on: welt.de
  219. ↑ a b c d e f g h Student directory of the Free School Community of Wickersdorf . In: Archives of the German youth movement , Ludwigstein Castle near Witzenhausen in Hesse.
  220. ↑ Scholtz-Klink, Gertrud, née Treusch (1945–48 code name Maria Stuckenbrock) . In: Deutsche Biographie, on: deutsche-biographie.de
  221. ↑ Ronald Smelser, Enrico Syring, Rainer Zitelmann (eds.): The brown elite II. 21 further biographical sketches . Scientific book club, Darmstadt 2nd edition 1999.
  222. ^ A b Jens Westemeier: Himmler's warriors. Joachim Peiper and the Waffen-SS in the war and the post-war period . Partly zugl .: University of Potsdam, dissertation, 2009. Schöningh, Paderborn 2014, ISBN 978-3-506-77241-1 , p. 790.
  223. ↑ a b Wehrwissenschaftliche Rundschau - magazine for European security . Volume 8, 1958, p. 356.
  224. ^ Jörg Echternkamp : Order: Research. The Bundeswehr, the Ministry of Defense and dealing with the Nazi past in the system conflict . In: Zeitgeschichte-online , June 2015.
  225. ^ Jens Westemeier: Himmler's warriors. Joachim Peiper and the Waffen-SS in the war and the post-war period . Partly zugl .: University of Potsdam, dissertation, 2009. Schöningh, Paderborn 2014, ISBN 978-3-506-77241-1 , p. 402.
  226. ↑ a b c Jens Westemeier: Himmler's warriors. Joachim Peiper and the Waffen-SS in the war and the post-war period . Partly zugl .: University of Potsdam, dissertation, 2009. Schöningh, Paderborn 2014, ISBN 978-3-506-77241-1 , p. 569.
  227. ^ Danny S. Parker: Hitler's Warrior. The Life and Wars of SS Colonel Jochen Peiper . The Perseus Books Group, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2016, ISBN 0-306-82455-8 , p. 233.
  228. ^ Danny S. Parker: Hitler's Warrior. The Life and Wars of SS Colonel Jochen Peiper . The Perseus Books Group, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2016, ISBN 0-306-82455-8 , p. 215.
  229. ^ Jens Westemeier: Himmler's warriors. Joachim Peiper and the Waffen-SS in the war and the post-war period . Partly zugl .: University of Potsdam, dissertation, 2009. Schöningh, Paderborn 2014, ISBN 978-3-506-77241-1 , p. 629.
  230. ^ Jens Westemeier: Himmler's warriors. Joachim Peiper and the Waffen-SS in the war and the post-war period . Partly zugl .: University of Potsdam, dissertation, 2009. Schöningh, Paderborn 2014, ISBN 978-3-506-77241-1 , p. 622 f.
  231. ^ Danny S. Parker: Hitler's Warrior. The Life and Wars of SS Colonel Jochen Peiper . The Perseus Books Group, Cambridge, MA 2016, ISBN 0-306-82455-8 , p. 387.
  232. ↑ a b Written information from Hein Kohn's son, Menno (* 1945), from June 19, 2019.
  233. ↑ Peter Dudek: “Everything is a good average”? Impressions of the student body of the FSG Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . In: Yearbook for Historical Educational Research 2017 . Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2018, ISBN 978-3-7815-2237-4 , pp. 234-279 (citation: p. 256).
  234. ↑ Peter Manasseh Boekenvrienden Solidariteit, turbulent jaren van een exiluitgeverij . Biblion Uitgeverij, Den Haag 1999. ISBN 90-5483-178-2 , pp. 9, 55, 58, 68, 70, 79, 94, 106.
  235. ↑ Kohn, Heinz . In: Department of Information & Collections of the Koninklijke Bibliotheek (Ed.): Annual Bibliography of the History of the Printed Book and Libraries , Volume 31. Springer Science & Business Media Netherlands, Dordrecht 2005, ISBN 978-1-4020-3818- 1 , p. 214.
  236. ↑ Kohn, Hein (Heinz) . In: Exile archive, German National Library, on: dnb.de
  237. ^ Herbert A. Strauss, Werner Röder (eds.), Hannah Caplan, Egon Radvany, Horst Möller, Dieter Marc Schneider (arr.): Biographisches Handbuch der Deutschensprachigen Emigration nach 1933–1945 , Volume 2: The Arts, Sciences, and Literature . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-598-10089-5 , p. 642.
  238. ^ Thijs Maasen: Pedagogical Eros. Gustav Wyneken and the Free School Community of Wickersdorf . Verlag Rosa Winkel, Berlin 1995. ISBN 978-3-86149-032-6 .
  239. ↑ a b Ulrike Koch: "I found out about it from Fritz Klatt" - Käthe Kollwitz and Fritz Klatt . In: Käthe Kollwitz and her friends: Catalog for the special exhibition on the occasion of the 150th birthday of Käthe Kollwitz . Published by the Käthe-Kollwitz-Museum Berlin , Lukas Verlag, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-86732-282-9 , p. 65.
  240. ^ A b Anna M. Lazzarino Del Grosso: Poverty and wealth in the thinking of Gerhoh von Reichersberg . CH Beck, Munich 1973. p. 83.
  241. ↑ a b c d e f Ulrich Grober: The short life of Peter Kollwitz. Report of a search for clues . In: Die Zeit , November 22, 1996, on: zeit.de
  242. ↑ Departure of the youth. German youth movement between self-determination and seduction (PDF file; 130 kB). Book accompanying the exhibition in the Germanisches Nationalmuseum , Nuremberg, from September 26, 2013 to January 19, 2014, in cooperation with the archive of the German youth movement . Verlag des Germanisches Nationalmuseums, Nuremberg 2013, p. 45, on: uni-heidelberg.de
  243. ↑ Yvonne Schymura: Käthe Kollwitz: Love, War and Art . Ch. H. Beck, Munich 2016, ISBN 978-3-406-69872-9 , pp. 127, 147, 148, 149, 152.
  244. ^ Yury Winterberg, Sonya Winterberg: Kollwitz. The biography . Bertelsmann, Gütersloh 2015. ISBN 978-3-570-10202-2 .
  245. ^ Field post letter from Erich Krems, Wyneken estate, signature N. 35. In: Archives of the German Youth Movement, Ludwigstein Castle near Witzenhausen in Hesse.
  246. ↑ Jutta Bohnke-Kollwitz (ed.): Käthe Kollwitz: The diaries. 1908-1943 . btb Verlag, Berlin 1989, ISBN 978-3-442-73683-6 , p. 279.
  247. ^ Käthe Kollwitz: Follow War . In: Käthe-Kollwitz-Museum Cologne , on: kollwitz.de
  248. ↑ Birgit Görtz: Erich Krems (6:00 min.). In: Deutsche Welle , June 20, 2014, at: dw.com
  249. ↑ 1914: Young and naive to the front. At 17… the century of youth (6:06 min.). In: YouTube.com, on: youtube.com
  250. ^ Logbook of the Schule am Meer, entry from March 25, 1930.
  251. ^ Rolf Kohring: Walter Georg Kühne, 1911–1991 . In: News Bulletin of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology . Ed. 153 (1991), pp. 46-47.
  252. ^ William J. Cromie: Oldest mammal is found . In: Harvard Gazette , May 24, 2001.
  253. ^ Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska , Richard L. Cifelli, Zhe-Xi Luo: Mammals from the Age of Dinosaurs. Origins, Evolution, and Structure . Columbia University Press, New York 2004. ISBN 0-231-11918-6 , p. 169.
  254. ^ Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska: Walter G. Kühne . In: Pursuit of Early Mammals. Life of the Past . Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana, 2013. ISBN 978-0-253-00824-4 , pp. 74-77.
  255. ↑ a b Peter Dudek: “Life lived in advance”. The memories of the Reichstag member Ernst Putz of his school days in Wickersdorf . In: Gudrun Fiedler, Susanne Rappe-Weber, Detlef Siegfried (Eds.): Collecting - opening up - networking: youth culture and social movements in the archive . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2014. ISBN 978-3-8470-0340-3 , p. 168.
  256. ↑ Klaus Otto Nass, Elsie Kühn-Leitz: Courage for humanity. From the work of a woman in her time. Documents, letters and reports . Europa-Union Verlag, Bonn 1994, ISBN 3-7713-0450-4 , p. 17.
  257. ↑ Knut Kühn-Leitz: In memoriam Dr. Elsie Kühn-Leitz December 22 , 1903 - August 5, 1985 , Wetzlar 2015. OCLC 932392360
  258. ↑ Irene Jung: Wetzlar women's history . In: Wetzlar History Association. Messages of the Wetzlarer Geschichtsverein , Volume 40 (2001), pp. 143-250.
  259. ↑ Katharine Florin: Citizens build bridges: The civil society commitment for the Franco-German rapprochement . Kassel University Press, Kassel 2009, ISBN 978-3-89958-793-7 , pp. 57-58.
  260. ↑ Honorary Citizen of the City of Wetzlar , on: wetzlar.de
  261. ↑ Kühn-Leitz, Elsie. Hessian biography. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  262. ↑ Honor in Wetzlar: A street for Dr. Elsie Kühn-Leitz , on: vdfg.de
  263. ^ Jochen Lengemann : The Hesse Parliament 1946–1986. Biographical manual of the advisory state committee, the state assembly advising the constitution and the Hessian state parliament (1st – 11th electoral period) (PDF file; 12.4 MB) (= Die Hessen-Bibliothek in Insel-Verlag ). Insel-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1986, ISBN 3-458-14330-0 , p. 320.
  264. ↑ The school by the sea on Juist . In: Gesine zu Münster (Hrsg.) / Oswald zu Münster : Photo diary Volume 1 - Stay in the country school homes School by the Sea on Juist and in Marienau 1931–1937. At the 1936 Olympics, Berlin , FTB Verlag, Hamburg 2015, ISBN 978-3-946144-00-7 . Pp. 3-5.
  265. ↑ Erhart Löhnberg: The types of imitation among primitive peoples . Philosophical dissertation, Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin, May 31, 1933. Dünnhaupt, Koethen 1933. OCLC 459711829
  266. ↑ Erhart Löhnberg: The capital for self-study. An introduction to the main work of Karl Marx . Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1975. ISBN 3-436-01897-X .
  267. ↑ Uwe Wolfradt, Elfriede Billmann-Mahecha, Armin Stock: German-speaking psychologists 1933–1945: An encyclopedia of persons, supplemented by a text by Erich Stern . Springer-Verlag, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-658-15039-6 , pp. 286–287.
  268. ^ Logbook of the Schule am Meer Juist, entry from March 13, 1931.
  269. ↑ NS 2/21 pp. 22f. quoted from: Hans-Christian Harten: Himmler's teachers - The ideological training in the SS 1933–1945 . Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn 2014. ISBN 978-3-657-76644-4 , p. 595.
  270. ↑ Bastian Hein: The SS - History and Crimes . CH Beck, Munich 2015. ISBN 978-3-406-67514-0 .
  271. ↑ Hans-Christian Harten: Himmler's teacher - the ideological training in the SS 1933-1945 . Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn 2014. ISBN 978-3-657-76644-4 , pp. 71, 84, 85.
  272. ^ A b Hans-Christian Harten: Himmler's teacher - The ideological training in the SS 1933–1945 . Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn 2014. ISBN 978-3-657-76644-4 , p. 57.
  273. ↑ Caroline Kieke: Summer solstice - The game with fire , in: Stern, June 21, 2008, on: stern.de
  274. ^ SS command sheet, ed. from the SS Leadership Main Office, command office of the general SS, of July 25, 1937. In: Institute for Contemporary History, Munich, (ifzs) Dc 027.
  275. ^ NS 2/51. RS Luserke, Klaus, October 5, 2012; NS 2/63 (September 17, 1937), quoted from: Hans-Christian Harten: Himmler's teachers - The ideological training in the SS 1933–1945 . Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn 2014. ISBN 978-3-657-76644-4 , p. 595.
  276. ↑ Eva Marder . In: Oetinger, on: oetinger.de
  277. ↑ Harry Herbert Tobies: A Gallery of Strong Women. Poets from East Prussia went their way (II) . In: The Ostpreußenblatt , November 10, 2001, on: webarchiv-server.de
  278. ↑ Hanskarl Müller-Buschbaum , on: uni-kiel.de
  279. ↑ Helmut Werner: History of inorganic chemistry - the development of a science in Germany from Döbereiner to today . Verlag Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2016, ISBN 978-3-527-33887-0 , pp. 369-371.
  280. ↑ Erik Ode . In: filmportal.de, on: filmportal.de
  281. ↑ Peter Dudek: "Experimental field for a new youth". The Free School Community of Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2009, ISBN 978-3-7815-1681-6 , p. 148.
  282. ↑ Erik Ode: The Commissioner and I. The Erik Ode story . RS Schulz Verlag, Percha / Munich 1972, p. 76ff. (Quote from p. 85).
  283. ↑ Erik Ode: In Napoleon's footsteps . In: Frau im Spiegel , series How I see it , o. No., o. Jg. Quoted from: Dieter Matzukat, Peter Hahn (Ed.): Die Freie Schulgemeinde Wickersdorf. Memories, Thoughts, Activities from Different Years , Volume 1, pp. 13–15.
  284. ↑ Erik Ode , on: filmportal.de
  285. ↑ Prof. (em.) Dr. Martin Okrusch . In: University of Würzburg, Institute for Geography and Geology, on: uni-wuerzburg.de
  286. ^ Okrushit . In: Mineralienatlas, on: mineralienatlas.de
  287. ↑ Jens Bisky : Historian Kurt Pätzold died . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , August 22, 2016, p. 14.
  288. ↑ Konrad Ackermann: Hochland - monthly for all areas of knowledge, literature and art . In: Historical Lexicon of Bavaria. On: historisches-lexikon-bayerns.de
  289. ↑ Peter Dudek: “You are and will remain the old abstract ideologue!” The reform pedagogue Gustav Wyneken (1875–1964) - A biography . Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2017. ISBN 978-3-7815-2176-6 , p. 139.
  290. ↑ Hans Kolde : 1929: By plane to the Abitur. ( Memento from March 31, 2016 in the Internet Archive ). On: edwj.de ( Juist airfield )
  291. ^ Foundation Schule am Meer (ed.): Leaves of the outer community of Schule am Meer Juist (North Sea) , 4th circular, May 1930, p. 21.
  292. ^ Foundation Schule am Meer (ed.): Leaves of the outer community of the Schule am Meer Juist (North Sea) , 9th circular, August 1931, p. 20.
  293. ↑ Photo: 78-year-old Ove Skafte Rasmussen in 1988 in an old DKW , in: Bilhistorisk Tidsskrift, 94 (1988), p. 14, on: dvk-database.dk
  294. ↑ Edith Rothe: Catalog of the Dante library of King Johann von Sachsen (= writings of the German Dante Society 7), H. Böhlaus Nachfahren, Weimar 1942.
  295. ^ Edith Rothe's curriculum vitae in 1937, in the Heidelberg University Library
  296. ↑ Christian Mannschatz: "... always in the potatoes, out of the potatoes ..." The life of the Leipzig librarian Edith Rothe (1897–1989) In: BIS: The magazine of the libraries in Saxony . Vol. 2, 2009, issue 2, June 2009, pp. 108–111 ( qucosa.de PDF; 5.6 MB).
  297. ^ Gesellschaft für Exilforschung / Society for Exile Studies (Hrsg.): Newsletter / Newsletter: 1984 to 1993 with complete register . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-095910-9 , p. 214.
  298. ↑ Lucas Lchtenberg: Mij ​​krijgen ze niet levend. De zelfmoorden van mei 1940 . Uitgeverij Balans, Amsterdam 2017, ISBN 978-94-6003-955-3 .
  299. ↑ Hans-Heinz Sanden: The flaw. A youth between races and classes. Universitas Verlag, Munich 1990. ISBN 978-3-8004-1225-9 , p. 81.
  300. ↑ Peter Dudek: “Everything is a good average”? Impressions of the student body of the FSG Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . In: Yearbook for Historical Educational Research 2017. Volume 23. Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2018, ISBN 978-3-7815-2237-4 , pp. 234–279 (quotation point: pp. 246–247).
  301. ↑ Satter, Karl . In: German National Library, on: dnb.info
  302. ↑ Danutė Selčinskaja: Algirdas Savickis . In: Vilna Gaon State Jewish Museum, October 1, 2017, at: jmuseum.lt
  303. ↑ Peter Dudek: "Experimental field for a new youth". The Free School Community of Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2009, ISBN 978-3-7815-1681-6 , pp. 390ff.
  304. ↑ Volker Kluge : Otto the Strange . Parthas-Verlag, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-932529-74-X , chapter 3.
  305. ↑ A. Gumbaragis: Pasakyk man dar vieną žodelį (Speak Just One More Word. Julija Savickienė's story) . In: Švyturys , No. 8 (1963), p. 21.
  306. ^ Hetty Schuler, 1926 . On: franzesser.de
  307. ↑ postcard from the North Sea resort of Juist with motive "dunes on the beach" of Hetty Schuler of 23 June 1927, her in-laws -to-be , the family eaters in Unkel am Rhein, postmark Juist, June 24, 1927th
  308. ↑ Photo postcard from Istanbul with motif of the exhibition of works by Franz Joseph Esser from July 7th 1927 to Hetty Schuler, Schule am Meer, Juist - Ostfriesland, Allemagne, postmark illegible.
  309. ↑ Prof. em. Dr. Wolfgang Schuller . In: University of Konstanz, on: uni-konstanz.de
  310. ^ Siegmund Kopitzki: On the path of the populists: Old historian Schuller writes book on the Jauß case . In: Südkurier , January 3, 2018, on: suedkurier.de
  311. ↑ Schwachhofer, René . In: Akademie der Künste, on: adk.de
  312. ↑ Peter Dudek: “Everything is a good average”? Impressions of the student body of the FSG Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . In: Yearbook for Historical Educational Research 2017 , Volume 23. Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2018, p. 268.
  313. ↑ Giselher Schweitzer: The journalist and theater director Heinrich Laube in his position on world dramatic literature , Ludwig Maximilians University , Philosophical Faculty, dissertation from December 22, 1949, on: d-nb.info
  314. ↑ Gert hail pasture: literature on the German-language press . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-11-092365-0 , p. 126.
  315. ↑ A Midsummer Night's Dream ( Hessischer Rundfunk , on: heimat.eu)
  316. ↑ Vincent and the girlfriend of important men ( Robert Musil ), on: orf.at
  317. ↑ Spring Awakening , on: berlinerfestspiele.de
  318. ^ Revolt in the educational center , on: berlinerfestspiele.de
  319. ^ Klaus Dermutz: Klaus Michael Grüber - Passages and Transformations . LIT Verlag, Münster 2008, ISBN 978-3-8258-1316-1 , p. 164.
  320. ^ Great Hersfeld Prize / Hersfeld Prize , at: freunde-der-stiftsruine.de
  321. ↑ Realgymnasium Lankwitz (boulder with memorial plaque), on: Gedenkafeln-in-berlin.de
  322. ^ "When the Afrika Korps Came to Texas": World War II POWs in the Lone Star State . In: Humanities Texas, at: humanitiestexas.org
  323. ↑ World War II Prisoner of War Camps . In: Arizona State Library, at: azlibrary.gov
  324. ↑ She campaigns for refugees with love . In: Bergedorfer Zeitung , May 22, 2009, on: bergedorfer-zeitung.de
  325. ↑ Pedigree of the Tettauschen family from 1730 (PDF file; 232 kb), on: vontettau.de
  326. ^ Wilhelm Johann Albert Freiherr von Tettau: Documented history of the Tettauschen family in the branches Tettau and Kinsky . CA Stargardt, Berlin 1878. [In addition:] Supplements and corrections . ibid. 1889.
  327. ↑ New research results and supplements to the documented history of the Tettauschen family , pp. 147–150, 157–159.
  328. ↑ "The mother murderer describes his deed". In: Vossische Zeitung , No. 371, evening edition, August 8, 1930, p. 3.
  329. ↑ Peter Dudek: "The Oedipus from Kurfürstendamm". A Wickersdorf pupil and his matricide in 1930. Julius Klinkhardt Verlag, Bad Heilbrunn 2015, ISBN 978-3-7815-2026-4 , p. 13.
  330. ↑ Peter Dudek: "The Oedipus from Kurfürstendamm". A Wickersdorf student and his matricide in 1930. Julius Klinkhardt Publishing House, Bad Heilbrunn 2015, ISBN 978-3-7815-2026-4 , pp. 31, 45, 51.
  331. ↑ Peter Dudek: "The Oedipus from Kurfürstendamm". A Wickersdorf student and his matricide in 1930 . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2015, ISBN 978-3-7815-2026-4 , p. 79.
  332. ↑ a b Uwe Dannenbaum: Schöngeist, mother murderer, mass murderer . In: Der Spiegel , December 28, 2009.
  333. ↑ Peter Dudek: "The Oedipus from Kurfürstendamm". A Wickersdorf student and his matricide in 1930 . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2015, ISBN 978-3-7815-2026-4 , pp. 56, 57.
  334. ↑ “Matricide in Halensee”. In: Vossische Zeitung , No. 371, evening edition, August 7, 1930, p. 3.
  335. ↑ Peter Dudek: "The Oedipus from Kurfürstendamm". A Wickersdorf student and his matricide in 1930 . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2015, ISBN 978-3-7815-2026-4 , pp. 90, 134.
  336. ↑ Hellmuth Auerbach: The Dirlewanger unit . In: Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte , Volume 10 (1962), Issue 3, pp. 250–263.
  337. ↑ Peter Dudek: "The Oedipus from Kurfürstendamm". A Wickersdorf student and his matricide in 1930 . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2015, ISBN 978-3-7815-2026-4 , p. 178.
  338. ↑ Uwe Dannenbaum, 2009, quoted from: Peter Dudek: “Der Ödipus vom Kurfürstendamm”. A Wickersdorf student and his matricide in 1930 . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2015, ISBN 978-3-7815-2026-4 , p. 79.
  339. ^ Gerda Doublier, Fritz Fuhrig: Hermann Thimig. A life in documents . Brothers Hollinek publishing house, Vienna 1972, p. 5ff.
  340. ↑ Viktor and Viktoria . In: filmportal.de, on: filmportal.de
  341. ↑ Ilse Trautschold, daughter of Gustav Trautschold and his wife Margarete Ida Katharina Jenny, née Puhlmann. In: Birth register StA Charlottenburg III No. 400/06.
  342. ↑ Maegie Koreen: Claire Waldoff. The queen of humor . Droste, Düsseldorf 2014, ISBN 978-3-9817009-0-9 , pp. 159-160.
  343. ↑ New heads: Ilse Trautschold . In: Film-Kurier , No. 5, January 4, 1930.
  344. ↑ Photos by Ilse Trautschold: Mother Krausens Fahrt ins Glück , on: filmportal.de
  345. ↑ Photos by Ilse Trautschold: Mother Krausens Fahrt ins Glück , on: berlinale.de
  346. ↑ Ula Stöckl: Ilse Trautschold . In: Uta Berg-Ganschow, Wolfgang Jacobsen (Ed.): … Film… City… Cinema… Berlin… , Argon, Berlin 1987, pp. 67–68, 176.
  347. ^ Siegfried Kracauer: Mother Krausens drive into happiness . In: Frankfurter Zeitung , January 28, 1930. Quoted from: Gero Gandert: The film of the Weimar Republic . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-11-011183-5 , pp. 473-474.
  348. ↑ Ilse Trautschold , on: filmportal.de
  349. ↑ Ilse Trautschold is dead . In: Der Tagesspiegel , June 11, 1991. Quoted from: Ilse Trautschold , on: günter-neumann-stiftung.de
  350. ↑ Kay Less: The film's great personal dictionary. The actors, directors, cameramen, producers, composers, screenwriters, film architects, outfitters, costume designers, editors, sound engineers, make-up artists and special effects designers of the 20th century . Volume 8: T - Z. David Tomlinson - Theo Zwierski . Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-89602-340-3 , p. 38.
  351. ↑ Waldfriedhof Dahlem, Dept. 2U 84, field 015-308.
  352. ↑ Peter Jelavich: Berlin Cabaret . Harvard University Press, Cambridge (Massachusetts) 2009, ISBN 978-0-674-06762-2 , p. 238.
  353. ^ Hannsferdinand Döbler: Dangerous glosses . In: Die Zeit , October 21, 1966, on: zeit.de
  354. ↑ Monitoring appropriate . In: Der Spiegel , 15 (1966), April 4, 1966, on: spiegel.de
  355. ↑ Maegie Koreen: Claire Waldoff. The queen of humor . Droste, Düsseldorf 2014, ISBN 978-3-9817009-0-9 , pp. 202-203.
  356. ↑ Werner Finck: The good soldier Finck . Herbig, Munich and Berlin 1975, ISBN 3-7766-0723-8 , p. 27.
  357. ↑ Kay Less : Between the stage and the barracks. Lexicon of persecuted theater, film and music artists from 1933 to 1945 . With a foreword by Paul Spiegel . Metropol, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-938690-10-9 , p. 18.
  358. ↑ Wolf Schneider: Hottentottenstottertrottel: My long, whimsical life . Rowohlt Verlag, 2015, ISBN 978-3-644-04801-0 .
  359. ↑ Peter Dudek: “Everything is a good average”? Impressions of the student body of the FSG Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . In: Yearbook for Historical Educational Research 2017 , Volume 23. Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2018, p. 268.
  360. ↑ Paracelsus 1943 : Twigleg's Dance of Death (Totentanz), 5:41 min. [Hans-Joachim Wedekind in the picture at min. 2:34 (center), at min. 4:08 and 5:22 (both right) and in further sequences of this clip], on: youtube.com
  361. ↑ Joachim Wedekind , on: imdb.com
  362. ↑ Joachim Wedekind . In: Der Spiegel , 16 (1963), April 17, 1963, on: spiegel.de
  363. ↑ The moderators of the show , on: ndr.de
  364. ↑ Feature word music from the depths of space. Radio collage for Ror Wolf . In: Radio Bremen , on: radiobremen.de
  365. ↑ Literature as a collage. Ror Wolf and his great encyclopedia . In: Deutschlandfunk Kultur , on: deutschlandfunkkultur.de
  366. ↑ Ror Wolf . In: Schöffling & Co., on: schoeffling.de
  367. ^ Foundation Schule am Meer (ed.): Leaves of the outer community of the Schule am Meer Juist , 5th circular, July 1930, p. 15.
  368. ↑ Personalblatt Balser, Wilhelm Herbert . In: Library for Research on Educational History, Berlin
  369. ↑ Peter Dudek: You are and will remain the old abstract ideologue! The reform pedagogue Gustav Wyneken (1875–1964) - A biography . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2017, ISBN 978-3-7815-2176-6 , pp. 39-57.
  370. ↑ a b Genealogical manual of the nobility . Volume 15, CA Starke, Limburg 1957.
  371. ↑ Peter Dudek: “Everything is a good average”? Impressions of the student body of the FSG Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . In: JHB - 23rd Yearbook for Historical Educational Research 2017 . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2018, ISBN 978-3-7815-2237-4 , pp. 234-279 (citations: pp. 250, 256).
  372. ^ Siegfried Weiß : Desired career "Art". Painter, graphic artist, sculptor. Former students of Munich's Maximiliansgymnasium from 1849 to 1918. Allitera-Verlag, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-86906-475-8 , pp. 272-276.
  373. ↑ Zobeltitz, Heinz von . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 36 : Wilhelmy-Zyzywi . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1947, p. 537 .
  374. ↑ Zobeltitz, Heinz von . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists of the XX. Century. tape 5 : V-Z. Supplements: A-G . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1961, p. 212 .
  375. ^ Carl Benedict: Ansorge, Conrad . In: Neue Deutsche Biographie , 1 (1953), p. 313, on: deutsche-biographie.de
  376. ↑ entrepreneurs, art fan, socialist and Lichtenfelser . In: Neue Presse , May 6, 2009, at: np-coburg.de
  377. ^ Claude P. Bamberger: History of a Family - The Bambergers of Mitwitz and Lichtenfels 1770-1992 . Tenafly, New Jersey, USA, 1993, p. 12.
  378. ↑ a b sheets of the outer community of the Schule am Meer, Juist (North Sea) , no. Year, no. No., November 1934, without page number [p. 5].
  379. ^ Lichtenfels (district town) with -Seubelsdorf Jewish history / synagogue , on: alemannia-judaica.de
  380. ↑ Erich Dieckmann 1896–1944 , on: design-museum.de
  381. ^ Justus Bier : A new furniture book . In: Die Form - magazine for creative work , 7th year, issue 6, June 15, 1932, p. 200, on: uni-heidelberg.de
  382. ↑ A house steeped in history will be Hort , March 29, 2019, at: infranken.de
  383. ↑ Otto and Henrietta Bamberger , on: ny.gov
  384. ↑ Alfred Thieret: Suddenly victim of blind rage . In: Obermain Tagblatt , November 3, 2013, on: obermain.de
  385. ↑ Günter Dippold : Basics of industrial history in the Lichtenfels area (PDF file; 2.3 MB). In: Frankenland , 2005, pp. 169–181 (quotation point p. 177), on: uni-wuerzburg.de
  386. ↑ Bruno Bauer . In: Architektenlexikon, on: architektenlexikon.at
  387. ↑ Peter Dudek: Fetish youth. Walter Benjamin and Siegfried Bernfeld - youth protest on the eve of the First World War . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2002, ISBN 978-3-7815-1226-9 , p. 29.
  388. ↑ Peter Dudek: “Everything is a good average”? Impressions of the student body of the FSG Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . In: JHB 23rd Yearbook for Historical Educational Research 2017 . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2018, ISBN 978-3-7815-2237-4 , pp. 234-279 (citation: p. 257).
  389. ^ Siegfried Bernfeld: On the problem of Jewish education , 1916 OCLC 893090455 . Quoted from: Ullrich Herrmann : Abuse of educational relationships through sexual violence . In: Christoph Leser, Torsten Pflugmacher, Marion Pollmanns, Jens Rosch, Johannes Twardella (Eds.): Assignment: Pedagogy and Contradiction . Verlag Barbara Budrich, Leverkusen 2014, ISBN 978-3-8474-0436-1 , pp. 171–205 (citation: p. 191).
  390. ^ Siegfried Bernfeld: Psychoanalysis, Education and Zionism . In: HaGalil.com , May 16, 2010, at: hagalil.com
  391. ↑ a b c d e Peter Dudek: "Everything good average"? Impressions of the student body of the FSG Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . In: JHB 23rd Yearbook for Historical Educational Research 2017 . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2018, ISBN 978-3-7815-2237-4 , pp. 234-279 (citation: p. 254).
  392. ^ State Bauhaus Weimar: Marie-Louise Bienert . In: Archive of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena.
  393. ↑ Monika Dänhardt: How the harbor mill came into being 100 years ago . In: Sächsische Zeitung , June 18, 2013.
  394. ^ Paul Dittrich: Between Hofmühle and Heidenschanze. History of the Dresden suburbs Plauen and Coschütz . 2nd, revised edition. Adolf Urban, Dresden 1941, p. 177.
  395. ↑ Waldemar Bonsels . In: Literaturportal Bayern, on: literaturportal-bayern.de
  396. ↑ Sven Felix Kellerhoff: He was 17 years old and greed for the front . In: Die Welt , December 7, 2013, on: welt.de
  397. ↑ Tobias C. Bringmann : Handbuch der Diplomatie 1815-1963: Foreign Heads of Mission in Germany and German Heads of Mission abroad from Metternich to Adenauer . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2001, ISBN 978-3-11-095684-9 , p. 136.
  398. ↑ Bernd Martin (Ed.): German-Chinese Relations 1928–1937. "Same" partners under "unequal" conditions. A collection of sources . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2003, ISBN 978-3-05-004806-2 , pp. 53, 72, 81, 143, 145, 178, 191, 192, 193, 197, 230, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 249, 289, 307, 310, 311, 314, 521.
  399. ^ Andreas Steen: German-Chinese Relations 1911–1927. From colonialism to "equality". A collection of sources . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2006, ISBN 978-3-05-004243-5 , pp. 37, 43, 192–194, 204, 209–226, 272, 282, 336, 370, 406, 588.
  400. ^ Mechthild Leutner , Andreas Steen, Xu Kai, Xu Jian, Jürgen Kloosterhuis , Hu Wanglin, Hu Zhongliang: Prussia, Germany and China: Development Lines and Actors (1842–1911) . LIT Verlag, Münster 2014, ISBN 978-3-643-12487-6 , pp. 237, 266, 267, 279, 280, 281, 287, 359.
  401. ↑ Kaiser Wilhelm II as a trendsetter - The history of trips to the north , on: Wissenschaft.de
  402. ↑ Ulli Kulke: How a German Emperor invented fjord tourism . In: Die Welt , May 15, 2017, on: welt.de
  403. ↑ Waldemar Hans Horster: The magician and his grandson. FW Conradi-Horster. From the life story of the magician . Huber, Offenbach am Main 2012, ISBN 978-3-921785-99-7 , p. 94.
  404. ↑ Klaas Dirk Dierks: Gertrud David - director, producer . In: CineGraph Lexicon for German-language film , on: cinegraph.de
  405. ↑ a b Peter Dudek: "Everything good average"? Impressions of the student body of the FSG Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . In: JHB 23rd Yearbook for Historical Educational Research 2017 . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2018, ISBN 978-3-7815-2237-4 , pp. 234-279 (citation: p. 253).
  406. ^ A b Peter Dudek: "Experimental field for a new youth" - The Free School Community of Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2009, ISBN 978-3-7815-1681-6 , p. 257.
  407. ↑ a b information sheet about the school by the sea on the North Sea island of Juist , school year 1929/30, p. 16.
  408. ↑ Eisner, Lisbeth . In: Deutsche Biographie, on: deutsche-biographie.de
  409. ^ Kurt Eisner estate, 2nd Lisbeth Eisner , BArch NY 4060/94. In: Bundesarchiv, on: bundesarchiv.de
  410. ^ Curt Elwenspoek . In: Munzinger Online / Personen - Internationales Biographisches Archiv, on: munzinger.de
  411. ^ Heinz Rudolf Fritsche: Elwenspoek, Curt . In: Kulturportal West-Ost, on: kulturportal-west-ost.de
  412. ^ Renate Liessem-Breinlinger: Fanck, Arnold . In: Baden-Württembergische Biographien , Volume 2, pp. 121–123, on: leo-bw.de
  413. ↑ Hellmuth Felmy . In: Munzinger Online / Personen - Internationales Biographisches Archiv, on: munzinger.de
  414. ↑ Felmy, Hellmuth (1885-1965) . In: Gedenkorte Europa 1939–1945, on: gedenkorte-europa.eu
  415. ^ Yury Winterberg , Sonya Winterberg : Kollwitz. The biography . C. Bertelsmann, Gütersloh 2015, ISBN 978-3-570-10202-2 .
  416. ^ Rosa Pfäffinger: Der Erbfeind , typewritten manuscript, privately owned, p. 65f. Quoted from: Ulrike Wolff-Thomsen: “Out into the world” - The departure of German and Finnish women artists to Paris before the turn of the century . In: Frauen Kunst Wissenschaft, magazine for gender research and visual culture , No. 26 (1998), pp. 60–65.
  417. ^ Ernst Mentze: Willy Gretor født Petersen. Art-fantasi og virkelighed . Carit Andersen, Copenhagen 1965. OCLC 248369607
  418. ^ Anatol Regnier: Frank Wedekind. A tragedy for men . Albrecht Knaus Verlag, 2009, ISBN 978-3-442-74094-9 .
  419. ^ Art from the Schuller Collection . In: Mannheimer Morgen , April 2, 2011, on: fnweb.de
  420. ↑ Gottfried Heuer: Otto Gross (1877-1920). Biographical and theoretical overview . In: Otto-Gross-Gesellschaft, on: ottogrossgesellschaft.de
  421. ↑ Gruson, Heinrich Ludwig Otto . In: Magdeburger Biographisches Lexikon , on: uni-magdeburg.de
  422. ^ Joachim Lilla : The Prussian State Council 1921-1933. A biographical manual. With a documentation of the councils of state appointed in the Third Reich (= manuals on the history of parliamentarism and political parties, Volume 13). Droste, Düsseldorf 2005, ISBN 3-7700-5271-4 , p. 56.
  423. ^ Letter from Rudolf Gruson to Gustav Wyneken dated December 16, 1916. In: Archive of the German Youth Movement, Wyneken Estate, No. 1053.
  424. ^ Kraft-Eike Wrede: Karl Ernst Osthaus and the theater. Peter Behrens' production of "Diogenes" by Otto Erich Hartleben for the Hagen Summer Drama (1909) . Karl-Ernst-Osthaus-Museum (ed.), Special publication, issue 5, Hagen 1984.
  425. ^ Walter Erben: Karl Ernst Osthaus. Life path and ideas . In: Herta Hesse-Frielinghaus et al .: Karl Ernst Osthaus. Life and work . Aurel Bongers, Recklinghausen 1971. ISBN 3-7647-0223-0 , pp. 59-65.
  426. ^ Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Behl : Hartleben, Otto Erich . In: Neue Deutsche Biographie 7 (1966), pp. 720–721, on: deutsche-biographie.de
  427. ↑ Arthur Eloesser : The German Literature from Baroque to the Present , Volume 2. Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2012, ISBN 978-3-8460-0493-7 , pp. 441-443.
  428. ^ Otto zu Stolberg-Wernigerode : Heimann, Moritz . In: New German Biography , Volume 8 Hartmann - Heske. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1969, p. 273.
  429. ↑ Peter Dudek: Fetish youth. Walter Benjamin and Siegfried Bernfeld - youth protest on the eve of the First World War . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2002, ISBN 978-3-7815-1226-9 , p. 104.
  430. ↑ Karl Jaray . In: Architektenlexikon, on: architektenlexikon.at
  431. ↑ "And what it will be with the Jarays?" . In: David , on: david.juden.at
  432. ^ Peter Kümmel: Unrecognized geniuses: Georg Kaiser. He types mankind into compote with the typewriter . In: Die Zeit , 2 (2015), January 8, 2015, at: zeit.de
  433. ↑ Confession of professors at German universities and colleges to Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist State , p. 132, on: archive.org
  434. ^ Jan-Pieter Barbian : Literary politics in the Nazi state. From synchronization to ruin . Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2010, p. 390.
  435. ^ Uwe Baur, Karin Gradwohl-Schlacher: Literature in Austria 1938–1945. Manual of a literary system . Volume 3: Upper Austria. Böhlau Verlag, Vienna 2014, p. 270.
  436. ↑ Roman Pfefferle, Hans Pfefferle: Glowly denazified. The professorships at the University of Vienna from 1944 in the post-war years . v & r unipress, Vienna 2014, ISBN 978-3-8471-0275-5 , p. 293.
  437. ^ Fishery AG Neptune . In: Stadtarchiv Emden, on: wigedok.eu
  438. ↑ Peter Dudek: "Experimental field for a new youth" - The Free School Community of Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2009, ISBN 978-3-7815-1681-6 , pp. 38, 168, 258.
  439. ↑ Klaus Völker: The playwright and his teacher . In: Die Zeit , 49 (1965), on: zeit.de
  440. ↑ Peter Dudek: “Life lived in advance”. The memories of the Reichstag member Ernst Putz of his school days in Wickersdorf . In: Gudrun Fiedler, Susanne Rappe-Weber, Detlef Siegfried: Collect - open up - network. Youth culture and social movements in the archive . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2014. ISBN 978-3-8470-0340-3 , p. 169.
  441. ^ Achim Aurnhammer, Wolfgang Braungart , Stefan Breuer , Ute Oelmann: Stefan George and his circle . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-11-044101-7 .
  442. ^ André Krajewski: Else Lasker-Schüler (1869-1945) . In: The future needs memories , on: Zukunft-bendet-erinnerung.de
  443. ↑ Lasker, Else (actually Elisabeth) L.-Schüler . In: Deutsche Biographie, on: deutsche-biographie.de
  444. ↑ Bernd Lindenthal: The long fight with the National Socialists . In: Ernst Leitz. An entrepreneur with moral courage during the Nazi era . Hanau 2008, p. 17ff.
  445. ↑ Mark Honigsbaum: Leitz 'list . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . Magazine. 07/2007. P. 2, on: sueddeutsche.de
  446. ↑ Bernd Lindenthal: The help from Ernst Leitz 1933 to 1945. A classification . In: Ernst Leitz. An entrepreneur with moral courage during the Nazi era . Hanau 2008, p. 97ff.
  447. ↑ Frank Dabba Smith: The silent helper Ernst Leitz . In: Ernst Leitz. An entrepreneur with moral courage during the Nazi era . Hanau 2008, p. 30ff.
  448. ↑ Cornelia Fuchs: Ernst Leitz II - The Leica Schindler . In: Stern , February 19, 2007, on stern.de
  449. ↑ Peter Dudek: “Everything is a good average”? Impressions of the student body of the FSG Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . In: JHB - 23rd Yearbook for Historical Educational Research 2017 . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2018, ISBN 978-3-7815-2237-4 , pp. 234-279 (citation: p. 258).
  450. ↑ a b Andrew J. Vinchur: Charles Samuel Myers and Otto Lipmann: Early Contributors to Industrial Psychology (PDF file; 262 kB). Pp. 31-35. In: Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, at: siop.org
  451. ^ Lipmann, Otto . In: Jewish Virtual Library, at: jewishvirtuallibrary.org
  452. ↑ MS Viteles: Industrial psychology. Reminiscences of an academic moonlighter . In: TS Krawiec (ed.): The psychologists , Volume 2. Oxford University Press, New York City 1974, ISBN 0-19-501726-9 , pp. 440-500.
  453. ^ F. Baumgarten: Otto Lipmann — Psychologist . In: Personnel Journal , Volume 12 (1934), June 1933 to April 1934, pp. 324-327.
  454. ↑ Peter Dudek: "Experimental field for a new youth". The Free School Community of Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2009, ISBN 978-3-7815-1681-6 , p. 333.
  455. ↑ Erika Nymgau-Odemar . In: IMDb, on: imdb.com
  456. ^ Fritz Odemar . In: filmportal.de, on: filmportal.de
  457. ↑ Erik Ode . In: filmportal.de, on: filmportal.de
  458. ↑ Jörgen Skafte Rasmussen . On: audi.com
  459. ↑ Wolfgang Leppmann: The poet in the people's kitchen . In: Die Zeit , No. 43 (1967), October 27, 1967, at: zeit.de
  460. ↑ Satter, Karl. In: German National Library, on: dnb.info
  461. ↑ Aurelija Pociutė: Jurgis Savickis (in Lithuanian), June 20, 2015, on: bernardinai.lt
  462. ↑ Jean Albert Bédé, William Benbow Edgerton (Ed.): Lithuanian literature . In: Columbia Dictionary of Modern European Literature . Columbia University Press, New York City 1980, ISBN 0-231-03717-1 , p. 481.
  463. ↑ Peter Dudek: “Everything is a good average”? Impressions of the student body of the FSG Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . In: Yearbook for Historical Educational Research 2017 . Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2018, ISBN 978-3-7815-2237-4 , pp. 234-279 (citation: p. 273).
  464. ^ Jens Westemeier: Himmler's warriors. Joachim Peiper and the Waffen-SS in the war and the post-war period . Partly zugl .: Potsdam, Univ., Diss., 2009. Schöningh, Paderborn 2014, ISBN 978-3-506-77241-1 , p. 537.
  465. ↑ Scholtz-Klink, Gertrud, née Treusch (1945–48 code name Maria Stuckenbrock) . In: Deutsche Biographie , on: deutsche-biographie.de
  466. ↑ The van de Velde family (PDF file; 1.2 MB). In: Klassikstiftung Weimar, on: klassik-stiftung.de
  467. ↑ Peter Dudek: “Everything is a good average”? Impressions of the student body of the FSG Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . In: JHB - 23rd Yearbook for Historical Educational Research 2017 . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2018, ISBN 978-3-7815-2237-4 , pp. 234-279 (citations: pp. 250, 256).
  468. ↑ Gudrun Fiedler, Susanne Rappe-Weber, Detlef Siegfried (eds.): Collecting - opening up - networking: youth culture and social movements in the archive . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2014. ISBN 978-3-8470-0340-3 , p. 178.
  469. ↑ Gerwien, Paul Vincent '' . In: German biography. On: deutsche-biographie.de
  470. ↑ The life journey of Martin Luserke , lecture by Kurt Sydow for the 100th birthday of Martin Luserkes on May 3, 1980 to: luserke.net
  471. ↑ a b c d Yvonne Schymura: Käthe Kollwitz. Love, war and art. CH Beck, Munich 2016, ISBN 978-3-406-69871-2 , pp. 101-103.
  472. ↑ Register of persons ( memento of the original from March 31, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: Käthe-Kollwitz-Museum Cologne, on: kollwitz.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kollwitz.de
  473. ↑ Käthe Kollwitz and the First World War , lecture by Sven Felix Kellerhoff , February 23, 2015. In: Städtisches Käthe-Kollwitz-Gymnasium Munich, on: kkg.musin.de
  474. ^ Sven Felix Kellerhoff: Home Front. The fall of the ideal world - Germany in the First World War . Bastei Lübbe, 2014, ISBN 978-3-8387-5621-9 .