Architecture glossary

In this architecture Glossary are technical terms from the field of architecture collected.

What is not listed on this page

Designations for tools , for furniture and for architectural styles , as well as technical terms from the areas of settlement , tendering , cadastre , construction management and building law have not been included in this glossary . Professional organizations, conferences and specialist journals for architects are also omitted.

Technical terms from fortress construction were also not included . For these see: List of technical terms in fortress construction .

glossary

A.

Carrion roof: Scandinavian log house construction: A roof construction in which the roof skin is not supported by rafters, but by many closely spaced purlins.
Carrion head: See Bukranion .
abacus: Antiquity: A square plate, especially the square cover plate that closes the capital at the top. The architrave usually rests on the abacus.
Setting: See solidification
Sealant: Substances for surface sealing, e.g. against rainwater or soil moisture.
seal: See building waterproofing , roof waterproofing , joint waterproofing .
Chamfer: The bevel of an otherwise sharp component edge.
Exhaust system: See chimney , induced draft .
Suspended ceiling: A lightweight ceiling that is hung under the roof structure or the actual raw ceiling. For footfall sound insulation or to reduce large room heights.
Deburring: Processing of wooden components: The removal of a protruding end.
Hangers: See direct hangers .
Hanging: Also hanging tenons : In vaulted buildings, a hanging keystone, often in the form of a tenon or a knob.
procedure: Different meanings: 1. In building drainage, the top element that absorbs the wastewater and leads it into the connection pipe. See odor trap . 2. Also Apophyge , Apophysis , Apothesis : A curved concave connection to a protruding upper component.
Exhaust facade: A facade that is designed to function as an air conditioning system. Preheated air always flows between closed insulating glazing and an interior facade.
Barrier structure: Generic term for structures that are built to create a reservoir. Examples: dam , dam , barrage , weir .
Stake out: The transfer and marking of dimensions and geometric points determined by planning on a property.
Fall-proof glazing: Vertical glazing, glass parapets and the like that are built into a building to prevent people from falling to the side.
abbey: A monastery headed by an abbot or an abbess. No uniform architectural characteristics.
axis: An imaginary straight line that can be drawn through a building ensemble, a structure, a component or space-defining green structures and bodies of water and is used as a design and organization tool.
Aedicula: Antiquity: a small building or component, e.g. B. a lararium , a tomb , a small temple, a structure to preserve a statue or the framing of a niche or window with a small roof or gable.
Eight place: Gothic: a proportion key .
Agadir: North Africa: A castle-like warehouse and storage building. See Ksar .
Agdal: North Africa, historically: a park with a central water basin.
Agora: Ancient Greece: Central festival, meeting and market place of a city, a characteristic element of the polis.
Agraffe: An architectural ornament that is inserted into an arched apex as a specially designed keystone.
Aigikranion: See Bukranion .
Ajimez: Moorish style: a twin window (biforium).
Acanthus: A plant ornament, stylized representation of the plant species of the same name. Characteristic element u. a. of the Corinthian capitals.
Acroterion: Also Akroter : Antiquity: A decorative element on the gable ridge. With corresponding elements on the gable corners, one speaks of a corner acroter .
Acoustic ceiling sails: A sound absorber mounted on the ceiling that is used to de-reverberate a room.
Alcaicería: Spain, historically: A market for luxury goods, housed in colonnades around an inner courtyard.
Alemannic framework: Partly questioned term for Upper German half-timbering. Characteristics: Frame construction with wide post spacing, continuous lintel and chest transoms and windows and plank ceiling layers clamped into them.
alcove: A bed niche. Often lockable.
Allgäu window: Allgäu , historically: A window divided into three parts with horizontal bars, which contains a window in the middle ("Rucker window") that can be opened separately.
Altan: See Söller .
Altar barrier: See choir screen .
Altenburger Vierseithof: Altenburger Land, historically: A four-sided courtyard with certain typical structural elements (including arcades and plank rooms with surrounding framework).
Old Hamburg town house: Also old Hamburg merchant's house : Hamburg, historical: A type of house with a high hall in the center and an elongated shape that reaches both the street and the canal.
Ambo: Christian churches: A slightly elevated place with a book stand, from which religious texts are read aloud during the service.
Amphiprostylos: Greek antiquity: a temple with rows of columns in front of and behind the cella .
amphitheater: Roman antiquity: A mostly inconsiderate round theater with a round or oval arena and gradually rising rows of seats around it.
Seizure container: Roof construction: A container that touches the point of accumulation.
Rafters: Roof structure: the rafters that touch the point of attack.
Attack point: Roof structure: A point on the ridge line where three or more roof surfaces meet.
Angelner Dreiseithof: Angling (Schleswig-Holstein), historically: A courtyard shape in which two farm buildings are opposite each other, while the residential building, which is often kept in the bourgeois style, forms the back of the courtyard.
Anhydrite screed: A type of screed that contains , among other things, anhydrite binders and is particularly quick to lay, but does not tolerate much moisture.
anchor: Different meanings. 1. A component for the secure connection (anchoring) of components. Examples: wall, tension, gable anchors. See anchors (construction) . 2. Civil engineering, geotechnical engineering: A component that introduces tensile forces into the ground or rock. See anchor (geotechnics) .
Anchor rail: A steel C-profile that is installed or cast in concrete. Special screws ( anchor screws ) can be inserted into the slot in the profile .
Start-up: A concave curved profile at the transition between two differently protruding components.
Appearance: The first impression that a spatially complex context creates in the viewer (e.g. light, dark, free, cramped, beautiful, ugly).
attack: Fixing a door or window (inside, outside, left, right). With the butt joint , the wall opening is so smooth that the movable element can be inserted at any depth.
Hinged door: Swing door, too : a door whose door leaf is hinged on one side (fastened with a hinge). See also opening direction of doors . Opposites: sliding door , flap door .
Connection duct: A sewer pipe from the property line to the public street canal.
view: Planning and representation of buildings: A drawing that shows what one side of the building looks like from the front. See floor plan .
painting: Painting: The coating of the surface of a component with paint. Success mostly by painting or rolling.
Paints: A coating material that results in a physically drying or chemically curing paint. Is u. a. from binders , dyes and solvents .
Anta: Portugal: A form of dolmen ( megalithic structures ).
Ante: Greek and Roman antiquity: a protruding wall tongue; in the case of a temple, the extended side wall of the cella.
Ante capital: The upper end of an antenna pillar.
Antenna pillar: The forehead of an ante designed as a pillar. Can have a different cuboid layer than the adjoining wall.
Ante temple: Greek antiquity: A simple temple consisting of only a cella and a vestibule (pronaos). The vestibule is made up of the ante and two pillars in between.
Antepagment: Antiquity: The decorated frame of a wall opening.
Antichambre: An anteroom in a castle that serves as a waiting room .
Antiquity: An epoch in the Mediterranean that began around 800 BC. Until approx. 600 AD.
Antique floorboards: Parquet and plank floors made of aged wood, which mostly comes from old barns and homesteads.
Annulus: Pillars of the Doric order: a groove on the capital. At the transition from the column neck ( hypotrachelion ) to the echinus , several annuli are usually attached.
Apotropaion: Also apotropaeum : A magical object usually attached to the outer wall or a picture to protect against evil forces.
apartment: Different meanings: 1. An apartment . 2. Renaissance and Baroque castles: a functionally related sequence of rooms.
apse: Church buildings: A room part that is usually semicircular or polygonal in plan and adjoins the choir.
aqueduct: Since ancient times: a structure to transport water.
arabesque: A tendril ornament.
Construction joint: A dividing line within components. A construction joint is created e.g. B. when concrete components are worked next to each other.
architect: The person who is responsible for the design and approval of buildings, and often also for planning the construction site. See building contractors , civil engineers , construction managers , landscape architects , interior designers .
Architectural theory: The theoretical foundation of the action and role of the architects as well as the content and forms of expression of the architecture itself.
architrave: Ancient Greece: horizontal beam resting on a row of supports. Usually it is the main beam that carries the superstructure.
Archivolt: Romanesque, Gothic: The front and inside of an arch, especially a portal, divided into bands.
arcade: 1. An arch supported by pillars or pillars. 2. A row of arches, a sequence of several arcades.
Arcaded courtyard: An inner courtyard, often surrounded by arcatures with several floors.
Arcosolium: Also Arkosol : A grave shape in rocks and catacombs , with the space for the corpse in the lower part of an arched niche.
Fitting: Sanitary engineering , plant construction : a stopcock , for example a water tap .
reinforcement: See reinforcement .
Reinforcement mesh: A fiberglass fabric that is used to protect layers of plaster against cracks.
Artesian well: An artificially created well below the water table, from which water emerges by itself.
Artesonado: Spain, historically: A room ceiling artfully decorated with geometric patterns.
Articular Church: Slovakia : A Protestant church built in the late 17th or 18th century that had to comply with certain building regulations (no tower, no use of stones, bricks or metal nails).
Asbestos cement: See fiber cement .
asphalt: A waterproof material mixed from bitumen and aggregate, which is used in house construction in addition to road construction.
Atalaya: Spain, historically: A watchtower and signal tower from Islamic times.
Atlant: A support in the form of an often larger than life, muscular male figure that is attached instead of a column to support certain structural elements such as beams or consoles.
Breathing wall: The idea that a wall should “breathe” is now considered obsolete.
Atrium: Roman antiquity: A central room in a (residential) house. The room used as a lounge for the family received light through an opening in the roof.
Attica: A wall-like elevation of the outer wall beyond the edge of the roof to cover the roof.
Attic base: Greek antiquity: A column base consisting of two convex bulges ( torus ) and a hollow groove (trochilus) in between.
Common room: A room within an apartment or building that is suitable for people to stay for longer (e.g. living rooms, bedrooms, kitchens).
In stock: Statics: The foundation on which a load rests.
Auflattdämmung: Roof insulation: A variant of above- rafter insulation in which the insulation is not only over the rafters, but also over the roof battens .
Measurement: The measurement and recording of an existing building or structure.
Elevation: Different meanings: 1. A floor plan . 2. A drawing of the side view of a building.
Exposure: An examination of the construction of the building floor. The outcrop is part of the soil investigation, which is the basis for planning a structure.
Appearance: Also step : the area of a step that is "stepped on". In contrast to this is the riser .
Unthread: Carpentry: The application of a profile to a drawing board .
Rising damp: Water absorption in capillary conductive building materials in walls or floors that is drawn upwards from the ground. This is ideally prevented by a capillary-breaking layer or a horizontal barrier.
Elevator system: Also, elevator , elevator , lift : A plant can be transported with persons or loads in a moving car or the like in vertical or oblique direction between two or more planes.
Auditorium: A meeting room in a school or university.
Filled field: See compartment .
Eliminated crossing: Church building: A crossing that is visually separated from the nave, transept arms and choir by crossing arches and crossing pillars.
Cantilever: The protrusion or protrusion of a component over the building line or from the cubature over the base of the building. Examples: bay windows , balconies, protruding upper floors in the case of frame construction .
Auslucht: Utlucht too : a bay window that is built at ground level. If the protruding part is as high as the entire structure, one does not speak of a bulge, but of a risalit .
Stripping: The removal of the shuttering boards from a fully hardened concrete structure.
External sealing: A seal against moisture attached to the outside of the building, especially the basement.
Outdoor area: The non-built-up areas of the property. You take u. a. Green areas and paths open and allow rainwater to seep away freely.
Outdoor cellar: A cellar that is not located under the building, but is created separately. Historically often for the cool storage of food.
Outside door: Even the front door , front door , front door : A lockable access from one building to the outside.
Outer wall: The protective shell that separates the interior from the exterior.
Exterior wall greening: See facade greening .
Lookout point: A structure or part of a structure, the purpose of which is to provide visitors with an attractive view . See also lookout point .
Recess: An opening in a ceiling or wall through which cables and wires are to be routed.
Bracing: A building is given a secure footing by incorporating components that have a stiffening effect.
Automatic door: A door that closes and / or opens independently without the user having to do anything.
Auvergnatian pyramid: Auvergne : A type of Romanesque church in which the elements around the choir are layered on top of each other in steps.
Avant Corps: See risalit .
Avant-cour: The forecourt of a castle.
Axonometry: A method of descriptive geometry frequently used in architecture , in which a parallel projection (not a central projection with a vanishing point ) is carried out.

B.

Brick: Also masonry bricks , bricks : A stone made artificially from ceramic material that is used for masonry construction. See clay bricks .
Bahareque: Latin America, pre-industrial: A post construction similar to the European timber framework.
platform: Also platform : In train stations and at train stops: A paved platform that is parallel to and at a short distance from a railroad track to make it easier for trains to get on and off.
Platform screen door: Especially in airports, less often in subway stations: A door embedded in partition walls between the route and the platform in train stations. Opens together with the door of the train and prevents passengers from falling into the track area.
Balatum: A floor covering made of rubber-soaked wool felt board introduced in 1928.
canopy: Roofing of another architectural element, such as a monument .
bar: Different meanings. 1. A load-bearing element in the building structure, usually made of wood, steel or reinforced concrete. Bar types are also differentiated according to their function; Examples: girders, transoms, purlins, rafters, struts, lintels. 2. Structural analysis: a component that, unlike a bar, is loaded perpendicular to its longitudinal axis.
Beam head: The end of a wooden beam . Occasionally decorated with decorations.
balcony: A platform in front of the building facade. The balcony lies above the ground level on consoles or beams that protrude from the structure and is framed by a parapet or railing .
Ballhaus: European royal courts, 15. – 17. Century: A building in which the (tennis-like) ball game Jeu de Paume can be played.
baluster: The low single column of a balustrade, strongly profiled and often bulbous in the middle.
balustrade: An individually designed low row of columnar supports with a continuous cover that serves as a parapet or railing on stairs , terraces and balconies.
Bandelwerk: A symmetrical surface ornament that resembles the arabesque, but instead of the leaf-based tendrils contains fine, curved ribbons.
Banding: The horizontal stripe pattern of a building element, especially a facade, created by painting, stratification of stone or rusting .
Baptistery

C.

CAD: Computer Aided Design: Computer-aided architectural construction.
Caldarium: Roman thermal baths: warm water bath.
Campanile

D.

D'Humy system: Multi-storey car parks: A variant of the development in which the levels of two halves of the building are offset from one another by half a storey height.

The basic technical terms used to describe a roof

Names of some components that can be used to extend a roof

top, roof: A construction consisting of a supporting structure and covering that closes off the rooms and surfaces below at the top and thus protects them from the sun, weather or other influences penetrating from above.
Roof waterproofing: The outer layer of the roof covering that protects the building from precipitation, wind and solar radiation. In contrast to the roof covering , which mostly diverts precipitation by inclination, the roof sealing is waterproof.
Roof waterproofing membrane: See roofing membrane .
Roof drain: Also roof drain : especially on roofs without a gutter, the element located at the lowest point of the roof that absorbs rainwater and leads it into the connection pipe
Roof design: When designing a roof, the spatial geometric determination of the position of the cut edges (ridges, ridges, valleys) that result from the merging of several roof surfaces.
Green roof: A form of building greening in which either a roof garden or a green roof is created.
Roof trusses: A solid wooden construction that rests on the outer walls and supports rafters and purlins.
Attic: Also floor , screed , winch , storage room , attic , beams , Söller , Oller , Zolder , stage : a room under the roof that is only used as a storage room. Attics usually have no wall cladding.
Roof insulation: The thermal insulation of a building in the roof area. Shapes (selection): under-rafter, between-rafter, above-rafter, lattice, flat roof insulation.
roofer: A craftsman whose area of responsibility covers the entire area of roof, wall and sealing technology.
Roofing: The part of the roof that is not waterproofing membrane is so those components that rainfall and wind derive such. B. Roof tiles and shingles.
Roofing membrane: A roll of roofing felt for the production of roof waterproofing. To be distinguished from bitumen welding membrane .
Roof drainage: The drainage of precipitation and condensation after the snowmelt via sloping roof surfaces, gutters and downpipes.
Skylight: Also skylight : a window in the roof of a building. See skylight , light tube .
Roof ridge: Also First : The mostly horizontal upper edge of a (gable) roof.
Roof area: A surface of a roof that is visible to the outside.

Some basic roof shapes

Roof shape: Which shape is chosen for the roof of a building depends u. a. on static, technical, financial and stylistic factors.
Dormer window: Also dormer , roof caper , Lukarne : A roof structure in the inclined roof surface of a building. Generally houses a window. In addition, a dormer increases the usable space in the attic.
Eaves: Also main cornice , eaves cornice , cantilever cornice , cornice : the top cornice of a building that closes the building at the top.
Roof ridge: An edge that is created on a hipped or tent roof where two roof surfaces meet.
Roof skin: The entirety of the roof covering and waterproofing, i.e. the top layers of a roof from the tiles to the roofing membranes.
Badger pike

Doric column order

Doric order: The second of the five classic column orders. Unlike the Tuscan column, the Doric one has complex entablature and fluting on the shaft .
Doric column: See Doric order .
Dougong: China, historically: an often complex cantilever beam constructed from several interlocking timbers .
Wire anchor: A masonry anchor made of stainless steel.
drainage: Measures that lead water in the ground away from the structure.
Turntable door: A seldom used type of door, which consists of two door leaf parts that are rotatably mounted on top of each other but coupled with one another . First in 1998.
Quarter-Turn: A type of closure where the bolt is opened and closed by twisting it. Historically on windows and doors, modern on industrial housings with special requirements.
Revolving door: Also revolving door : A two mounted on a vertical center axis to four door wings that rotate in a circular housing.
Three-conch choir

E.

level: Different meanings: 1. A surface of a component, e.g. B. floor, wall and ceiling. 2nd floor .
Echinus: Greek antiquity: The mostly bulbous, swollen limb of Doric capitals, which lies between the column shaft and the abacus.
Corner pillows: A pilaster strip that is attached to the corner of two walls.
Corner cuboid: See Eckstein .
Corner projection: Facade design: A part of a building that protrudes from the corner of a building.
cornerstone: Also corner stone , corner cuboid , Ortstein : Facade design: Smooth or roughly hewn stone in the corners of a building or in its door and window frames.
Egerland half-timbered house: District of Tirschenreuth and the surrounding area, historically: A type of half-timbered house, which is characterized by the rich use of diamond patterns.
Egg stick: Also kymation: antiquity: a continuous decorative strip with frieze-like (sculptured or only painted on) ornaments, mostly stylized plant elements. Mostly on facades or columns.
Roofing: See roofing .
simplicity: Architectural theory: a complementary term to complexity . The pair of terms is fundamental to describing architectural thought.
detached house: Also single-family home : A building that serves as a home for a family or for a small group of people who run a common household. Counter-term: apartment building . See also granny flat , own home .
entrance: A door or an opening for entering a building, a room or a surrounding area.
Single lever mixer: Also lever mixer , single lever mixer , single lever mixer : Water installation: A faucet that has only a single control element.
Granny flat: Legal jargon Germany: Within a home, an additional, mostly self-contained apartment that is of minor importance compared to the main apartment.
Single-leaf wall: An (outer) wall that consists of only one shell (a load-bearing layer), whereby several layers (e.g. for insulation, plaster, etc.) can be made.
Single-skin roof: See warm roof .
Restraint: Also fixed clamping : static: A stock inhibits the displacements and rotations in any direction.
Single tower facade: Church building: an eastern church facade, the characteristic element of which is a single church tower . Counter-term: double tower facade .
Single load ; Statics

F.

Truss: A framework , the bars of which are stressed solely by normal force and whose ends are connected to one another at the nodes . See also timber framework .
Truss: Truss: A horizontally running slim support element.
Car: The cabin of an elevator system .
Moving walkway: A means of transport for people that is similar in use to a conveyor belt. In contrast to an escalator , the usable area of a moving walkway has no steps.
Sewage lifting system: See lifting system .
Downpipe: Downpipe too : a sewer pipe that is usually laid vertically .
Trapdoor: A door that is not set into a wall, but into a ceiling or floor.
precipitation: The construction or maintenance of a structure may require cutting down trees. See tree protection .
Folding roof: A roof shape on parts of the building with a polygonal floor plan, consisting of regular triangles that are alternately "folded" up and down.
Folding sliding door: A multi-leaf folding door, the stops of which are guided in a rail.
Folding door: A door made of several parts (door leaves) that fold up when opened. See accordion door , folding sliding door .
Folding wall: A multi-leaf privacy screen or glass wall, the stops of which are guided in a rail.
Folding mechanism: Especially on facades and on room ceilings, modern: a large-area component with a complex but regular structure that is reminiscent of an origami work of art.
Fishing tower: Also Fangenturm : Northern Germany, historically: A prisoner tower . See hunger tower .
colour: A design element that can structure the room and create many other effects.
Farrenstall: Baden-Württemberg , historically: A special building for keeping community-owned father animals (breeding animals).
Fash: An enclosure structure, e.g. B. framed a window or a door and clearly demarcated from the building facade. Traditionally made of wood, stone or plaster.
chamfer: A beveled surface on the edge of a workpiece.
Fiber concrete: A concrete to which fibers (e.g. steel, plastic, glass) are added in order to increase the breaking strength and crack resistance.
Fiberboard: Also wood fiber board : A single or multi-layer board made from wood, sawmill by-products or residual wood, which is used for the production of components.
Fiber cement: A cement to which tensile fibers are added.
facade: The designed part of the visible outside ( building envelope or outer skin ) of a building.
Facade connection window: A two-part window that is installed in the eaves area partly in the wall and partly in the roof.
Facade greening: A building greening in the facade area. It is either floor or wall-bound.
Facade slate: Traditionally, slate is used not only for roofing , but also for exterior wall cladding.
Fascia: Antiquity: The individual horizontal bands of the architrave .
Fauces: Roman antiquity: In the house, the corridor that leads from the front door to the atrium.
Porcelain stoneware: Also Böttger stoneware : ceramic tiles with very low water absorption. Use u. a. as floor tiles.
Field moment: Structural analysis: The maximum bending moment of a transversely loaded bar in the middle. See continuous beam .
window: Different meanings: 1. A light opening in a wall or in the roof of a building. 2. The wind and weatherproof closure of the same.
Ribbon window: A mostly direct row of windows or glass elements that look the same, mostly in a horizontal orientation. A hallmark of classical modernism .
Windowsill: Also window sills , window sills , ledges : the horizontal cladding of the upper end of the parapet of a window. Window sills can appear on the inside and outside of windows.
Window parapet: See parapet .
Shutter: A flap that can be used to close a window (usually from the outside).
Window niche: Different meanings: 1. A window opening. 2. Mostly old buildings: A recess in the wall under a window that is used to hold the radiator.
Rose window: Also window rosette , rose window : Above all Gothic: A round glazed window with tracery infill.
Window apron: Baroque, classicism: a facade ornament that is attached in the parapet area below a window and its shape is reminiscent of an apron.
Window ledge: See window sill .
Window frame: See frame .
Lintel: See fall .
Window door: A floor-to-ceiling window that can be used as a door.
Window roofing: Also window crowning : an ornament that is attached to the facade above a window and imitates a roof. See Wimperg .
Window wall: A construction element consisting of several glass components that is installed in rooms with a particularly high need for daylight.
District heating: See district heating .
District heating: A form of heat supply in which space heating and hot water are generated outside the building in which they are consumed. See local heating .
Prefabricated house: A house that - at least in part - is delivered to the construction site prefabricated at the factory and then assembled there. There is no uniform, binding definition.
Prefabricated parquet: A parquet produced ready for installation . Unlike parquet finished parquet need not ground to be cemented and finished.
Fixed house: Middle Ages, 16th and 17th centuries: A partially defensive building that serves the noble owner for residential, military and representative purposes.
Feston: An ornament that represents an arcade-shaped garland of ribbon, flower, blossom, leaf or fruit elements.
Hold-open system: A device that ensures that fire doors and similar elements are kept open during normal operation, but close safely in the event of a fire.
Grease trap: Sewage installation: A facility that separates fats and oils from sewage. Especially in gastronomy.
Damp room: Also wet room , wet cell : A room with increased moisture load. The details are defined differently in different contexts.
Damp room door: A moisture-resistant special door for damp rooms.
Fire protection closure: The entirety of all elements to secure the openings in fire-retardant or fire-resistant walls against the passage of fire. This includes fire doors and the like.
Fire door: See fire protection closure .
Hot-dip galvanizing: A process by which steel is protected from corrosion by coating it with zinc.
Fire brigade elevator: A specially equipped elevator that enables the fire brigade to reach the fire floor in the event of a fire.
Fire department key depot: A key depot that is easily accessible even in the event of a fire, giving the fire brigade easy access to buildings and premises at risk of fire.
Fire resistance: Also fire resistance : The time during which a component retains its function in the event of a standard fire .
Fexer plates: Historical: Slabs made of mica hate , which were used in furnace construction and as roofing.
Fiale: Also pinakel : Gothic: a little tower carved out of stone that crowns an eyelash or a buttress.
Figure capital: Also figurative capital : A capital in which figurative representations of people, animals and mythical creatures are incorporated.
Felt plaster: A fine plaster that is rubbed off with a felt board and is therefore particularly smooth.
Finca: Spanish-speaking areas: Originally a built-up agricultural property; today mostly a rural, detached holiday home.
Finestra inginocchiata: Tuscany, historically: a window that rests on two protruding consoles and is framed by a tympanum. Mostly barred.
First: See roof ridge .
Ridge crowning: An ornament placed on the roof ridge.
Ridge purlin: Roof construction: The top purlin of a roof that lies directly on the ridge.
Ridge pillar: Also Hochsäule , Stud , Hochstud , Firststud : Roof construction: A vertical beam that supports the roof like an umbrella.
Ridge tile: A specially shaped roof tile that covers the ridge.
Fish bladder: Also Schneuss : Gothic: teardrop- shaped ornament, especially in the tracery .
Fishing arch: A complex arch shape named after Theodor Fischer .
Flat roof: A roof with a roof pitch of less than 10 °.
Flat roof drainage: Flat roofs must have a slope of at least 2 ° so that rainwater can be drained off. Drainage takes place at the lowest point.
Flat ceiling: A room ceiling without joists (visible support beams).
Shallow foundation: A building foundation in which the building loads are introduced into the subsoil via horizontal surfaces. Counter-term: deep foundation .
Scarfing: Heat treatment of roofing felt or bitumen welding sheets to fuse the butt seams, among other things on flat roofs, balconies and terraces. Flaming takes place with the help of a propane gas burner.
Flame bar: A decorative strip with a finely wavy, flame-like decor.
Wattle wall: A simple wall that consists of a supporting structure that is braided with flexible materials and then pelted with a plastic mass (e.g. clay) and spread over.
Bat dormer: Also ox-eye , frog-mouth dormer : a dormer shaped like a carnival arch that is integrated into the roof surface.
Flying construction: Legal jargon Germany: A structure that is repeatedly erected and dismantled. For example rides and non-stationary grandstands .
Fly screens: Also fly fee : A device that is retrofitted in front of a window or an external door or is installed ex works to prevent insects from entering the interior.
Flowing space: Architectural theory: The dissolution of a small-scale spatial structure characterized by many walls in favor of freely interconnected rooms.
Leveling screed: A screed with a very flowing inherent behavior that more or less levels itself out.
Escape: Components that are installed in a row along a line are in alignment.
Escape door terminal: A control unit that is installed at an emergency exit or an escape route in order to simultaneously release the escape route and send a message to the alarm center.
escape route: A specially marked path that leads quickly and safely outside in the event of a necessary escape.
Escape route sliding door: An automatically opening sliding door that has to meet special safety criteria so that it opens easily even under difficult conditions.
Canopy: Modern: A roof-like component that is apparently weightless and is used as a design element. A flying roof is usually not used for weather protection.
wing: Different meanings: 1. Building wing . 2. door leaf .
Casement: The frame of a window sash that holds the pane of glass. The fixed part of the window, on the other hand, is called the frame .
Double door: One door with two door leaves .
Flying snow: Very fine snow. Relevant in the construction industry because snow blows also penetrate the roofing.
Rafter triangle: Also Sparrendreieck , Züri-Vieri : Switzerland, historically: a support structure for canopies.
Gate: Gate too : Airport construction: The access to the aircraft, which is preceded by a waiting area.
Land map: Cadastral Germany: A true-to-scale representation of a property (real estate). See estimate card .
Parcel: Cadastral system Germany: An officially measured and mostly locally marked (marked) part of the earth's surface. In Austria also land , parcel .
Formstone: United States, 1940s and 1950s: A method of cladding facades with artificial stone.
Fortochka: Especially Russia: A small glazed ventilation flap inside a window.
foyer: A large anteroom in a public building, especially in a theater, event hall or hotel. Unlike a vestibule , a foyer can also be designed to be comparatively small and simple.
Tails: A pitched roof, one area of which is larger than the other because the house is one floor lower on this side.
Franki stake: A special reinforced concrete component named after Edgar Frankignoul that is used to found buildings.
French balcony: A floor-to-ceiling French door with a railing. Mainly used as a facade element.
French window: See French balcony .
Free space: Roof construction, historically: A pair of rafters that are placed freely in front of the gable wall.
Free column: A pillar that has no supporting function.
Outdoor seating: Collective term for balconies and other platforms integrated into a building that are intended for lingering in the fresh air.
Cantilevered bolt staircase: See bolt stairs .
Open staircase: 1. A staircase outside of a building, such as in front of the house entrance. 2. In the narrower sense, a representative external staircase.
fresco: Also sintering : A wall painting technique in which the pigments are applied to the fresh lime plaster, which leads to a particularly stable integration.
Frieze: A horizontal band for the visual structuring of a facade.
frontispiece: See risalit .
Front spike: Facade design: A gable wall rising from the eaves of a house. See Risalit .
Frost line: The depth below the earth's surface below which negative soil temperatures do not occur.
Frost apron: A thermal insulation that is installed underground in front of components that are above the frost line.
Frutighaus: Frutenland (Switzerland), historically: A type of farmhouse. Features: block construction, uniting the living area, stable and hay store under one roof.
Gap: A deliberate space between two components or materials. Joints can fulfill structural and design purposes. Types (selection): construction, connection, space, shadow joints.
Joint sealing: The elastic closure of a joint with sealants or a joint profile.
Water stop: Concrete construction: A sheet metal strip that is inserted into the construction joint between two components to make the joint watertight.
Joint cut: Facade design: joints that are artificially attached to the plaster for design reasons.
foundation: Also foundation : At the foundation, the relatively heavy, rigid and vibration-resistant massive structure on which the lighter and more sensitive structure is attached.
Foundation earth electrode: Electrical installation: An earth electrode that is installed in the area of the foundation level of a building.
floor: A component that serves as a walkable area. The floor is usually made up of several layers, especially a static load-bearing layer (floor slab, floor slab) and floor coverings .
Underfloor heating: A surface heating system that heats rooms with the help of heat-conducting elements that are laid in the floor.
Baseboard: Also sweeping strip , skirting board , baseboard , to protect a strip which is close to the ground mounted on the wall around the wall surface approximately at floor cleaning with water or mechanical damage: interior finishing.
Toe purlin: Also Wandpfette : roof structure: the one roof beam , which is the eaves on the next. Purlins that lie fully on the outer wall are called wall battens .
Fusuma: Japan, traditional: sliding screens and doors that serve as room dividers in residential buildings. Usually a wooden frame covered with fabric or paper.

G

Gabion

H

Hairline crack: Very fine cracks and similar can occur on components made of concrete, in plastered surfaces and in paintwork. a. arise as a result of too fast drying ( shrinkage cracks ).
Hafir: Sudan , historically: A water catchment basin.
Reason for detention: See primer .
Tap bar: Hahnebalken too : Roof construction: A beam that is installed in very high and wide roofs above and parallel to the collar beam.
Semi-finished ceiling: See floor slab .
Half column: Also a blended pillar: a non-load-bearing pillar that appears to be in front of a wall, but actually stands in a solid bond with the wall. Unlike pilasters , half-columns have a round shape.
Hall: A large room whose area should be freely used. Halls have self-supporting roofs that are supported by as few supports or columns as possible.
Hall choir: Gothic: A multi-aisled (mostly three-aisle) choir with the same height of the individual aisles.
Hall church: A church building, which is characterized by the shape of the nave and whose naves are of the same or almost the same height and mostly united under a common roof.
Hall choir: A hall choir in which the side aisle of the hall leads around the choir as a ambulatory.
bracket: A connector used to hold other components in a specific position without securing them.
Hamburg Castle: Hamburg, Wilhelminian style: a type of residential building (apartment building) whose floor plan allows front windows for all apartments.
Hammer beam vault: England, Middle Ages: An open wooden roof structure with (partial) arches resting on top of one another.
Hammerherrenhaus: Austria, East Germany, Renaissance: A form of representative residential buildings, which is mostly characterized by a crooked hip roof and many dormers.
Hammer lock: The Upper Palatinate equivalent of a Hammberherrenhaus.
Handrail: A - mostly profiled or round - option for holding and guiding people's hands within easy reach. Handrails are mostly in the form of bars, rails or strips.
Loft: An additional floor suspended in the roof structure, which improves the use of space in high attic spaces.
Feel: Many components (door and window handles, handrails, seats) require touching and touching and require special attention when designing rooms.
Hand brush: A brick made with a wooden molding box .
Hanging gusset: See pendentif .
Harp stairs: A staircase that is carried or supported by ropes or other graceful elements on its light side or in the stairwell (i.e. on the side facing away from the wall).
Harl: British Isles, traditional: A special rough plaster (clay plaster) with high weather resistance.
Accordion door: A folding door, the wings of which are attached to the guide rail in the middle.
Hard roof: A relatively fire-proof roof that is covered with roof tiles or natural stone. Counter-term: soft roof.
hard roof: See hard roof .
Rigid foam board: A foam sheet with a dense structure, which is therefore relatively insensitive to both impacts and moisture. Mainly used outdoors and in a damp environment.
Hartung's column: Berlin area, Wilhelminian style: an ornate cast iron pendulum support for steel railway bridges.
Hathor Column: Ancient Egypt: a type of column whose distinctive feature is a two-story capital, the lower part of which shows a face of the goddess Hathor .
Hood: On towers: a bell-shaped, curved, mostly low roof shape.
Main cornice height: In the case of development plans that aim for a uniform appearance for neighboring buildings, it is sometimes stipulated that the roof edge must be the same height for all buildings.
House connection: The connection point between external and internal building services lines (e.g. pipes for drinking water).
House introduction: Also wall penetration : A component that enables building services cables to be safely inserted into a building. Part of the house connection.
House figure: A statue, statuette or relief that is attached to a secular building depicting a figure, usually a saint.
Entrance hall: In a house, the access corridor between the house entrance and the other indoor units. The floor plan is often that of a corridor .
House inscription: An inscription on the facade of a building, e.g. B. a building inscription, a building claim or an inscription (house saying).
front door: The door of a residential building leading from the outside into the inside.
Haveli: India, Pakistan: The palatial house of a wealthy (mostly Muslim) long-distance trader.
Lifting station: Lifting systems can be installed where wastewater cannot be discharged using the natural gradient.
Lift and slide door: A (mostly large) glazed sliding door that can be lifted out of its sealing position via a rotating mechanism and then pushed to the side via a guide rail. On balconies, terraces and the like.
Pike dormer: Roof construction: a very wide dormer window .
Holy door: Some church buildings have a specific entrance which, combined with a special ceremony, is only opened during the Holy Years .
Home: Also Heimetli : Switzerland: A small farm.
Heating energy demand: The amount of thermal energy required to heat a building. See heating load .
Heating screed: A screed floor construction with heating elements that is used for underfloor heating.
Heating foil: A form of electric underfloor heating in which very thin heating elements are welded in polyester film.
boiler: An apparatus for heating water for heating.
Heating load: The heat input in watts that is necessary to maintain a certain room temperature in a building. The heating load can be minimized through thermal protection measures and an efficient design of the heating system. See heating energy requirement .
Heating demand: See heating energy requirement .
Helices: On the Corinthian capital the stalks, rolled up like a snail, that grow out between the acanthus leaves at the edges and towards the center; see: Corinthian order .
helmet: Mostly on church towers with a polygonal (more rarely: square) floor plan: a pointed roof shape.
Hessenmann: Hessian framework: An abstract figure incorporated into the framework, consisting of three struts that cross each other at the top. Variant of a man figure .
Hessian scratch plaster: All around Hessen, historically: A decorative plastering technique in which scratched, deeper surfaces in the compartments of half-timbered houses are painted with paint.
Hetzerhalle: A form of column-free halls named after their inventor Otto Hetzer , the roof structure of which consists of glued laminated timber or laminated timber.
Witch's cut: Roof construction: An additional cut made on the hip rafter or valley rafter that ensures that this rafter visually matches the rafters lying to the left and right of it. Because this point is very noticeable, the cut places particularly high demands on the carpenter.
Hilani: Asia Minor, Middle East, historical: a building shape with a representative front, rectangular floor plan and central courtyard.
Rear ventilation: An intentionally left and ventilated cavity behind or between components or their layers, e.g. B. between insulation and cladding.
Back masonry: The load-bearing masonry behind a plaster application.
Back stairs: Bourgeois houses, historically: As an alternative to the - representative - front staircase, the less visible ascent of the servants.
End grain: Also forehead wood : wood, which is cut transversely to the fiber direction and thus shows the annual rings. End grain is more pressure resistant than lengthways wood.
End grain parquet: See wooden pavement .
Chipboard crag: Romanesque churches in Auvergne: Sculptured stone consoles as structural and design components of eaves.
Building construction: That sub-area of construction that deals with the planning and construction of structures, the greater part of which lies above the terrain line. Counter-term: civil engineering .
High choir: See choir .
skyscraper: A multi-storey, vertically oriented building. The exact definition depends on the respective culture or the respective building law.
Edgewise lamella parquet: Also industrial parquet: A very stable wooden parquet, the strips of which are laid on edge and therefore appear very narrow.
High cellar: A cellar that is only partially underground and therefore z. B. can be provided with windows.
Vertically perforated brick: A perforated brick with vertical holes.
Tall ship: The central nave of a basilica.
court: A room that is usually in the open air and is surrounded by a building or wings of a building. A distinction is made according to location: courtyard, atrium, forecourt and backyard; a distinction is made according to design or function, e.g. B. Peristyle, cloister, main courtyard and patio.
Hogan: The traditional Navajo house in the southwest of the United States, a mud-clad log building.
Contour lines: The height profile of the surface of a subsoil is inserted into site plans using height points and contour lines.
Hollow block: A large-format brick made of (light) concrete that contains large air chambers.
Hollow ceiling: Also hollow-chamber ceiling , hollow -core ceiling: A room ceiling usually made of concrete with continuous cavities in which u. a. building services lines can be routed.
Hollow board: Also hollow concrete floorboards , concrete floorboards : A precast concrete part with tubular cavities that was previously built into room ceilings.
Fillet: The negative (concave) fillet of an edge. See Voute.
Cavity floor: Also hollow floor : A system floor construction in which there is a hollow space between the base layer, which rests on a special substructure, and the raw ceiling, which can accommodate technical cables.
Dutch: Northern Germany, historically: a dairy building.
Wooden beam ceiling: Also beam ceiling , Tram ceiling beams : a ceiling, on a (visible below) joist rests.
Wood-concrete composite: A construction method for supporting structures in which components made of wood are connected to components made of concrete.
Wood-concrete composite ceiling: A room ceiling joined in a wood-concrete composite.
Wooden framework: A half-timbered construction in which the bars are made of wood.
Wooden block construction: See block construction .
Wood fiber insulation board

I.

I-Joist: A wood-based material beam with an I-shaped cross section, i.e. a wide web and two (narrower) flanges.
Imaret: Ottoman Empire : A public kitchen as part of a socio-religious building complex ( Külliye ).
Property: Jargon of law and economics: An immovable material asset , e.g. B. a plot of land or a building .
Impluvium: Roman antiquity: a water basin in the atrium of a residential building. There was usually a cistern underneath .
impregnation: Soaking building materials (wood, plaster, stone, concrete) with various means, for example for the purpose of sealing against water, dirt, weathering or wear and tear.
Injection seal: Above all, dam and tunnel construction: The pressing of hardening liquids or suspensions into fissures, cracks or pore spaces in the ground for the purpose of sealing or consolidating.
Inclination: Greek Antiquity: The slight inward slope of columns and walls.
Incrustation: The extensive or only partial cladding of walls or other components (minor material) with flat-cut, mostly different colored marble slabs.
Interior door: A door that is installed inside the building and therefore has to meet different requirements than an external door.
Inner wall: A wall without contact with the outside of a building. Inner walls separate rooms from one another and, together with the outer walls, bear the loads of floor slabs and roof structures.
Inn-Salzach construction method: Bavaria, Austria: A special design of urban town houses that form a closed ensemble through false facades in front of the actual roof.
Installation shaft: A vertical duct that bundles building services lines in a house and runs over several floors. See shaft (building technology) , supply technology .
maintenance: Maintaining the structure and operation of a building. Maintenance includes a. Repairs, cleaning work and the monitoring of technical devices.
Intercolumnium: The clear distance between the individual columns of a column row (in contrast to the distance between the column axes, which is referred to as the axis width or yoke ).

Ionic column order

Ionic order: The third of the five classic column orders. The entablature above the column is usually divided in two with either a smooth or three-tier architrave below and a cornice with a tooth cut or a frieze on top. The most striking characteristic are the volutes (snails) on the capital.
Irimoya: Japan, historically: A roof shape that corresponds to the European hip roof .
insulation: See building waterproofing , thermal insulation , sound insulation , vibration insulation .
Double glazing: See multi-pane insulating glass .
Isometry: A form of three-dimensional representation often used in architecture with parallel production , i.e. without vanishing points.
Ivan: Also Aiwan , Liwan : Near and Middle East, historical: On representative secular and religious buildings a high hall, open on one side to the outside space, which is covered by a barrel vault.

J

Jali: India: A building element delimiting the space with an openwork, lattice-like structure that serves as a window, balcony parapet or room divider. See Mashrabiya .
louvre: A privacy and sun protection , rarely weather protection, which consists of an arrangement of fixed or movable slats.
Jharokha: India, historically: a covered balcony or balcony bay window.
yoke: Different meanings: 1. Also travée : the center distance between two columns or pillars (in contrast to the intercolumnium , the distance from column edge to column edge); see yoke (architecture) . 2. A component that consists of several upright components that are connected to a load-bearing horizontal component; see yoke (component) .
Jura house: Altmühltal (Bavaria): house shape with a distinctive, flat sloping roof covered with thin limestone slabs.

K

Cable bridge

Composite column order

Composite order: The fifth of the five classic column orders. It combines characteristics of the two preceding orders; the capitals have both acanthus leaves and large volutes.
composition: Architectural theory: the formal structure of a building.
Composite capital: See composite order .
Compriband

Corinthian column order

Corinthian order

L.

L-stone: A steel-reinforced L-shaped precast concrete part that can be combined with its own kind to form an angled retaining wall .
Lady Chapel: Great Britain: A Lady Chapel at the east end of a cathedral.
Location map: The graphic part of the site plan (required in Germany for a building application) shows the outline of the planned building in the plan view of the property and inserts it into its surroundings.
Layer material: A material that consists of individual layers of veneer glued together.
camp: Constructions for transferring the forces of a supporting structure to the substructure (pillars, foundations, abutments, etc.).
Horizontal joint: A horizontal joint between two layers of masonry . The vertical joints between two stones are called butt joints .
Reveal: The side of the wall facing a door or window. In the case of arches and vaults, the vaulted inside of the arch or the vault is called the reveal.
Laimes: Silesia, historically: A granary made of wood and covered with clay.
Lambris: A cladding limited to the lower part of a wall surface (wood, PVC, marble, stucco) indoors.
Lamellar facade: Collective term for facade constructions in which large-area lamellas (e.g. made of wood, metal, glass) are used.
Laminate: A material or a product that consists of two or more layers glued together. Use u. a. as floor covering, as plywood also in house construction and interior work.
Laminate floor: A floor covering made from wood fiber laminate.
Lamparquet: A solid parquet that is similar to strip parquet, but is thinner.
landscape: The opposite field of the man-made living field, whereby landscapes can also be designed and described as spaces similar to architectural spaces.
Longhouse: Christian churches: The longer end of the building, i.e. the part between the entrance and the first transept. The longhouse can contain several ships.
Longitudinal wood: Wood that is cut in the direction of the grain. This is the standard in timber construction. Counter-term: end grain .
Elongated brick: A perforated brick with horizontal holes. Only suitable for partition walls without static functions.
Lancet bow: See pointed arch .
Lancet window: Gothic: A very slender window with a raised pointed arch (lancet arch) at the top.
Lapa: Southern Africa: A thatched wooden construction, usually with an open or semi-open area. Use for various purposes, including a. for social gathering.
Noise protection glazing: A special type of glazing that is used for acoustically highly stressed facades.
Freight elevator: An elevator system that is primarily intended for the transport of loads.
glaze: A transparent or semi-transparent coating on wood or other materials that changes the appearance, especially the color.
Lantern: Also roof lantern : a tower-like attachment on a building, through which light enters the building.
Lantern roof: A complex roof shape in which a gable roof - a little higher - a second, narrower gable roof is added.
Lantern ceiling: Central Asia, historically: A complex ceiling construction widespread in residential buildings with an opening in the middle of the ceiling through which light penetrates the room.
Lantern tower: Church buildings: A tower above the crossing, open at the bottom, through which daylight enters the building.
bar: Long, rectangular sawn timber , thinner than a board but thicker than a bar.
Battens: The battens in a roof structure.
arbor: See gazebo , pergola .
Arcade: An access and walkway that usually connects several usage units. As an archway on the ground floor or as a gallery , pawlatsche or similar on the upper floors.
Foliage: See foliage .
Run: A contiguous series of steps. Runs can be straight, angled, or curved.
Running dog: A frieze with the shapes of rolling waves.
runner: In the masonry bond, a brick that is walled up lengthways so that its entire broad side can be seen. Counter-term: binder .
Walkway: Different meanings: 1. A corridor . 2. Gothic: A recess in the wall that creates an irregular corridor that can be used as a construction and inspection corridor.
Running line: The middle of a staircase tread . In particular, if the steps are not at right angles, the running line must reach a certain minimum.
catwalk: In construction, the term usually refers to a permanent or temporary narrow pedestrian bridge with railing, which is set up for access purposes instead of a complete floor.
Laurin stairs: Also sinus staircase: A staircase with steps that are lower at the ends than in the middle and form a sine curve in their entirety.
Leak detection system: A monitoring system that controls the functionality of building and roof waterproofing.
Ledra: Historic: A floor covering made from impregnated fibrous raw material that was used as an alternative to linoleum.
Clay: The mixture of sand, silt and clay that occurs naturally in many soils is one of the oldest building materials.
Clay screed: Also rammed earth floor: Historic: A thick layer of clay, mainly built on the ground floor, mixed with natural fibers and water, which was trodden until no more impressions or cracks were noticeable.
Clay plaster: Clay has been used as wall and ceiling plaster since prehistory.
Adobe: See adobe.
Adobe bricks: Also adobe : an air-dried block made of clay that can be walled up. If a clay brick is burned, one speaks of brick .
Lightweight wall: A light wall in dry construction .
Lightweight construction: Collective term for construction methods that are not solid construction, e.g. B. Frame construction .
Lightweight concrete: Concrete with a dry density between 800 and 2000 kg / m³. Used especially for walls and basements.
Light roof: One with light elements such as B. sheet steel or plastic covered roof, for example on weak roof trusses with static problems.
Glue paint: Historical: A paint based on glue and water. Today u. a. displaced by emulsion paints .
Glued timber: Half-timbered construction: A truss (horizontal beam) made of glued laminated timber .
strip: A narrow and mostly long component made of wood or other materials. Unlike a lath , it mostly only fulfills a decorative function.
Readability: Architectural theory: a building is just as “readable” for the viewer as a text or a painting.
Rood screen: Gothic church building: a barrier at least as high as a man, which separates the space intended for the priests from the space intended for the lay people. See choir screen .
Last door: In systems with a hazard alarm system, the door that can be used as the only one to leave and arm (or disarm and enter) the security area.
lighthouse: A tower with lights (shipping signs).
Light control: Also lighting : the targeted use of natural and artificial light, which is an essential design feature in architecture.
Clear height: Also clear floor height , net room height: The distance between the raw ceiling of the floor below and the lower edge of the next higher raw floor ceiling.
Clear measure: The width or height of a cavity or a room, in particular the spacing between the individual columns of a column row (intercolumnium).
Dome light: A skylight that is curved so that rainwater can drain away. See glass dome .
Light opening: Collective term for wall openings that serve to illuminate the interior of the building.
Light plate: An often profiled, flat component made of plastic that is used in roofs to let daylight into the rooms below. Light panels are used as an inexpensive alternative to overhead glazing or skylights .
Light tube: A passive lighting system in which natural light is guided into a building from above via a special tube.
Light shaft: A mostly vertical shaft that enables exposure of the adjacent rooms.
Line drainage: The drainage of inclined surfaces in a drainage channel .
Linkrusta: Also Lincrusta : Gründerzeit: A linoleum-like material that was mainly used for wall cladding.
linoleum: A fiber-reinforced plastic that is hardly used today and was used for resilient floor coverings.
Linteau, Lintel: See fall .
Pilaster strips

M.

meander: An orthogonal ornament that has been used since the Neolithic period, imitating river snakes.
Madrasa: Also madrasah , madrasah : Muslim area: a school in which Islamic studies are taught.
Maeshowe guy: Scotland, prehistoric: a type of complex megalithic complex.
Milan scheme: A floor plan based on the Greek cross with a dome in the center.
Maison de plaisance: See pleasure palace .
Maisonette: A larger apartment connected over several levels. Special or related forms are gallery and duplex apartments.
Malakov Tower: Third quarter of the 19th century: A type of winding tower with a fortress-like appearance.
Maljan: Ostfriesland: A simple ornament attached above the gable or the cripple hip, often a vertical stick.
Mandala roof: A conical roof structure for buildings with a polygonal floor plan.
defect: Contract law in Germany: a reduction in the suitability of a building for which the building contractor is responsible.
man: Southern Germany: A special form of the strut cross in timber frame construction.
Men's side: See epistle page .
Man figure: See man .
Manoir: See mansion .
Mansard roof: A roof shape in which the roof surface is bent down in the lower area, so that it is inclined significantly more steeply than the upper one.
Attic: A room or apartment in the converted attic.
Hipped mansard roof: A mansard roof with all four sides bent. If only two sides are bent, one speaks of a mansard saddle or mansard gable roof .
Marientid Chapel

N

Nightingale floor: Japan, traditional: a wooden floor that makes a noise when stepping on, so intruders can be heard acoustically.
Nail plate ties: Roof construction: A steel roof truss in which the nodes are connected by standardized "nail plates".
Namāzgāh: An Islamic open-air prayer place, often as a structure. See Musallā , ʿĪdgāh .
Naos: Different meanings: 1. Antiquity: The entire interior of a peripteros (ring hall temple), i.e. the ensemble of cella and pronaos. 2. Orthodox church building: The community room between the vestibule (narthex, pronaos) and the chancel.
Narthex: Also pronaos : Early Christian and Byzantine churches (especially basilicas): A vestibule at the main entrance that extends over the entire broad side.
nose: Different meanings: 1. A protruding component, e.g. B. the vertical part of an L-shaped window sill ( nose (component) ). 2. Gothic: In ornaments (especially fittings ) in a tracery, an inward-pointing point.
Wet roof: A flat roof on which some rainwater remains in a controlled manner. Unusual today.
Natural stone: All rocks as you can find them in nature. Sawn and hewn natural stone is called natural stone. See quarry stone , field stone .
Natural stone facade anchoring: Natural stone slabs can be attached to walls with stainless steel anchors.
Natural stone slab: Natural stone cut into slabs is u. a. used for facades and for kitchen work surfaces.
Naumachia: Ancient Roman: A large basin or pool of water created to re-enact sea battles for the entertainment of an audience.
Naust: Northern Europe, historical: A type of boat house from the Viking Age.
Nehemiah Home: Major Cities in the United States: A Form of Social Housing Using Mass Produced Single Family Homes.
Envious head: Historical: A sculpture in the form of a grimace attached to a facade for ritual defense against evil. See Apotropaion , Drolerie , Gaffkopf , Maskaron .
necropolis: Prehistory and early history, antiquity: a structurally designed larger burial and consecration site, often set up apart from the residential areas. If there is no structural component, one speaks of a burial ground .
Net floor area: See net floor space.
Net floor space (NRF): The sum of the usable floor area of a building, i.e. the total floor area minus the construction floor area (walls, etc.). For its part, it is divided into usage, technical and traffic areas.
Net volume: A measure of the size of the interior of a building: net floor area × clear height .
Net height: See clearance height .
Reticulated vault: A special type of vault in which the vault ribs often cross and a yoke division cannot be recognized.
Network arch bridge: A tied arch bridge with hangers that cross several times.
nun: See monk and nun .
Nuns choir: Also nuns gallery , women's choir : In women's monasteries: A demarcated room in the monastery church that belongs to the cloister.
Nun head: Gothic: A two-part tracery in a pointed arch window that can be interpreted by the viewer as an abstract representation of the head and upper body.
Nordic round churches: Denmark, Scandinavia, historically: A type of stone round church.
North gate: Church buildings, Middle Ages: a side entrance that was often decorated with pagan motifs in the British Isles.
Noren: A traditional Japanese curtain, usually divided into several segments by vertical incisions. Outside shops and restaurants today to indicate that the facility is open.
Normal height zero: In Germany the fixed zero level of the official reference amount.
Normal zero: In Germany until 1992 the fixed zero level of the official reference amount. Then replaced by zero normal altitude.
Emergency exit: An exit from a structure to be used in emergencies. Part of the escape route provided for fire protection.
Emergency church: An improvised building or room prepared as a provisional church building, for example in war zones.
Necessary stairs: Building law in Germany: a staircase that must be available according to building law.
Nubian pyramids: Kingdom of Kush (North African antiquity): A type of pyramids that were based on the Egyptian pyramids.
Zero energy house: The energy standard for buildings that generate as much energy (e.g. through solar systems) as is consumed in a given period of time. See passive house , plus energy house .
Nuraghe: Sardinia, prehistoric: towers of the Bonnanaro and Nuragic cultures.
Groove

O

obelisk: Egyptian antiquity: A free-standing, upwardly tapering stele, which has a pyramidic tip ( pyramidion ). Sometimes different forms in other cultures.
Upper German half-timbering: See Alemannic framework .
Upper storey: Also light arcades , window arcades : basilica: the upper wall surface of the central nave, open with windows.
Obergommerhaus: District of Goms (Upper Valais, Switzerland): A type of log houses made of larch wood that rest on a white-painted wall. See Walserhaus .
Upper edge of finished floor: Abbreviations OKF , OKFF , OKFFB : The height coordinate (absolute or relative, the latter e.g. above the ground floor) of the finished floor of a storey including hard floor covering (e.g. parquet). Opposite term: upper edge of raw ceiling or OKR .
Skylight: A light opening in the ceiling that supplies the interior with daylight and often with fresh air. Unlike a window, a skylight does not offer a view. See light tube .
Finishing plaster: In the case of multi-layer plaster, the upper plaster layer. Used for mechanical protection and the color design of the wall.
Obholz: Roof construction: The part of a rafter that remains after the cutout or milling of the claw (with which the rafter is attached to the purlin).
Oca: Native people of Brazil, historically: A large house, mostly made of beams and covered with leaves.
Ox eye: Romanesque, Gothic, Baroque, Art Nouveau: A circular or oval window that is mostly used decoratively over portals or in the gable area.
Odeon: Antiquity: A roofed building with a semicircular floor plan that was intended for performances, music competitions and the like.
Ogive: Another word for (2 or 3-dimensional) pointed arch shape.
ear: Also earing : in frames of pictures, mirrors, paneling, furniture, windows, etc., the extension or protrusion of the corners.
Okelle: Middle East, especially Alexandria , historically: A commercial and lodging building. See caravanserai
OKRF: Abbreviation for "upper edge of raw floor".
Octagon: Also octagon : a central building or room with a floor plan in the form of a regular octagon. Octogons have been built since ancient times.
Oculus: See ox-eye .
olive: An oval or almond-shaped solid window handle.
Oldenburg dog house: Oldenburg i. O .: A house type. The hallmarks include a gable roof, front gable and 1½ storeys.
Oil socket: A coat of paint applied directly to the plaster that protects a component from water, dirt and grease. Often in old buildings (stairwell, kitchen, bathroom)
Onigawara: Japan, historically: A roof ornament usually attached to the end of the ridge with flower or animal motifs or a goblin face.
Op Vlucht: Netherlands, historically: The slight incline of the gable end of a house.
Grandpa: Also Opäon : A round opening at the highest point of a dome, often covered by a lantern.
Sacrificial altar: Catholic church buildings: A special form of the altar that is suitable and invites you to ritually transform the altar. See. Altar handling .
Sacrificial plaster: Restoration: application of a (temporary) repair mortar that absorbs soluble salts that are to be removed from the wall.
Opisthodoma: Greek antiquity: In temples a rear hall that is symmetrical to the pronaos .
Opus signinum: Roman antiquity: A u. a. Waterproof screed mortar used for floors. Modern equivalent: Cocciopesto .
Orangery: A historical representative horticultural facility for citrus plants.
Oratorio: Early Christianity: A meeting room in a private home. Later a chapel-like building or a private or semi-public prayer room that is closed off from the main room.
orientation: The orientation of a building according to the cardinal points, either for sacred reasons or to optimize exposure.
Orcadian round house: Orkney (Scotland), historically: a circular structure made of dry stone masonry. See Broch .
In-situ concrete ceiling: A ceiling that was not installed as a prefabricated component, but was first cast on site.
Verge: The end of the roof area at the gable.
Orthodox church buildings: Differ from Roman Catholic and Protestant church buildings and a. through the use of domes and through the separation of the altar and parish room through a partition wall covered with pictures (iconostasis).
Orthostat: Prehistory, ancient times: a large, upright stone block.
In-situ foam: A (fastening, sealing, thermal insulation, soundproofing) foam that is only produced at the installation site.
OSB panel: See chipboard .
ossuary: See ossuary .
Ostlandkreuz: A monument in the shape of a cross.
Easting: Early Christianity, Middle Ages: The targeted alignment of a church building to the east, i.e. towards sunrise, which was considered a symbol of the resurrection.
Oval church: A church building with an oval floor plan.

P

Paenga house: Easter Island (Pacific), historically: A traditional house with a stone foundation and wooden frame.
Pagghiaru: Sicily, historically: a cantilever vault building.
pagoda: South, Southeast, East Asia: A tower-like structure, the individual floors of which are usually separated from one another by protruding cornices or eaves. Pagodas were originally used to store the remains of enlightened Buddhist monks.
Pagoda forest: China, historically: a collection of pagodas.
Pailou: Chinese architecture: a false gate with multiple arches and curved roofs. As a gate of honor, comparable to a European triumphal arch .
Palapa (structure): Southeast Asia, Central America: An open, mostly wallless hut, the roof of which is covered with palm leaves.
Hall: Romanesque: The representative hall of a palace or castle.
palace: A palace-like, representative magnificent building built in a city.
Palaestra: Different meanings: 1. Greek antiquity: a. A sand-covered area for athletic training and competitions (see Gymnasion ); b. The ensemble of an educational institution for physical and mental education. 2. Roman Empire: Sports facility within a thermal spa complex.
Palisades: Driven stakes that in their entirety form a bulwark .
Palladian motif: See Venetian Window .
Palmette: A stylized plant motif (ornament) that was often used as a decorative motif in historical architecture. See acanthus .
Panel: A wood or wood veneer panel used as a wall or ceiling covering.
Pantheon: Different meanings: 1. Antiquity: A sanctuary dedicated to all gods. 2. A temple-like memorial and burial site for national personalities.
Cardboard dock: Northern Germany, traditionally: A type of roofing felt that was laid under the actual roofing to prevent penetration, e.g. B. to prevent drifting snow. Today, underlays are used instead .
Papyrus column: Ancient Egypt: A column that mimics that of a papyrus plant.
paradise: Medieval Christian Churches: A specially designed garden through which believers enter the church. Walking through paradise was understood as purification and preparation for going to church. It later became the narthex .
Parapet: See parapet .
parquet: An indoor flooring made of wood or bamboo. See floorboards , wooden plaster .
passport: Romanesque, Gothic: an ornament made up of three or four circular arcs; often in tracery when designing windows.
passage: Different meanings: 1. A shopping arcade . 2. Generally an at least partially covered passage between two points or streets; see passage (passage) .
Pasta house: Greek antiquity: a house type, marked a. a. with a square floor plan, two-storey structure and a pent roof covered with clay tiles.
Passage Church: France, Romanesque: A type of church building in which the transepts (except indirectly through the crossing) can be reached directly from the main nave through small passages.
Pastophorion: Also pastophorium : Ancient Egypt: In the temple the living room of the pastophores (priests).
Paternoster elevator: Also paternoster , people circulating elevator: A form of elevator system with open individual cabins that are in constant, non-continuous circulation. Increasingly uncommon.
patio: Hispanic and Latin American room: inner courtyard of a house, towards which the living rooms open. United States: A paved, usually uncovered surface on the property of a house that is near the kitchen and is designed for communal meals.
pavilion: Different meanings: 1. A free-standing, light structure in a garden or park, often with a round or regular polygonal plan. 2. A protruding part of the building that stands out from the rest of the building with a domed roof. 3. A smaller new building assigned to a main building. 4. A smaller building erected for an exhibition or trade fair.
Pawlatsche

Q

Qamarīya: Arab region, especially Yemen: closed windows made of multi-colored glass.
Qibla: The direction of prayer prescribed by the Koran for Muslims to the Kaaba in Mecca. The qibla determines u. a. the orientation of certain parts of a mosque. See Orientation (Architecture) , Ostung .
Q mat: Reinforced concrete ceiling construction: A reinforcing steel mat that can accommodate uniform loads. In contrast, R-meshes are used for uniaxial loads.
Cuboid: A natural stone carved in the shape of a cuboid.
Ashlar plaster: Facade construction: A plaster whose decorative grooves imitate the appearance of ashlar blocks.
Ashlar: Facade construction, especially in the Renaissance: The imitation of regular rectangular or square stones.
Quadratic Schematism: Also square scheme : Romanesque: A typical floor plan of a basilica in which the crossing square serves as the basic unit of measurement for the entire floor plan.
Swelling tape: A joint sealing material that increases in volume by absorbing water.
Cross belt: In vaults: Belt-like vault delimitation that runs transversely to the building axis. See belt .
Transept: Also transept , transept : In Christian churches: The shorter nave running at right angles to the nave.
Transverse church: A Protestant church building in which either the transept is significantly larger than the (mostly rudimentary) nave or in which the pews face the pulpit on the long side.
Shear force dowel: A component that absorbs shear forces in an expansion joint.
Transverse floor window: Historical: A rectangular window area that is divided into two individual windows by a cross-bar profile. See Kreuzstockfenster , fighter window .
Quincha: South America: A wall construction in which simple wooden frames are covered with wickerwork made of plant materials and covered with clay.

R.

Rabitz: Plastering work: A wire plaster that is applied using a process patented in 1878.
Rabitz grid: A grid made of galvanized iron wire, with the help of which Rabitz plaster is applied.
Wheel deflectors: Also curbstone , Abweichstein , deflectors , Radstößer , scratch stone : A conical shaped component made of stone or concrete, the at locations such. B. building corners or gate entrances is set up in order to prevent poorly guided passing vehicles from damaging the structure.
Wheel window: A round window, the individual glass surfaces of which are separated by wooden or stone "spokes". A preliminary stage of the Gothic rose window .
Radial chapel: See chapel wreath .
Radial rib vault: A vault with a circular or circular sector-shaped floor plan, the ribs of which extend in a star shape from a central keystone to the outer edge of the vault.
Ram: Timber framework: The upper horizontal termination of a wall or the timber frame construction. The frame creates a longitudinal structure for the elements underneath and also serves as a storage area for layers of beams or rafters.
Framing: See frame construction.
Frame construction: Multi- storey construction : Timber framework: A widespread construction method in which the floors are erected individually. This procedure allows u. a. a cantilever of the next floor.
ramp: Different meanings including: 1. A wheelchair ramp . 2. An access with a slight incline and a few steps ( stair ramp ). 3. A loading ramp .
Ramp box: Prehistory: A combination of platy and megalithic elements (stone chamber).
Ranch-style house: United States, 1950s and 1960s: A common type of home. Features: single storey, low pitched roof, recessed front door, garage entrance on a line with the facade.
Tendril woman: Antiquity: A figure whose upper body emerges from a calyx of leaves or flowers.
Grid facade: A basic principle of building since the 18th century: division of the facade into openings with the same distance and the same size. Since the columns and beams are equally spaced, the static loads are evenly distributed.
Ratha: India: The outer wall structure of the cella of a temple.
Incense kate: Also Rookhus : Northern Germany, historically: a building that is used to smoke food.
Smoke house: Dutch, North and East Germany, historically: A form of the chimney-free farmhouse in which the living area and stable are united under one roof. See Hallenhaus .
Chimney: Different meanings: 1. Historical: A funnel-shaped hood that catches the smoke gases over an open fire and leads them out of the building. 2. A chimney .
Smoke door: A smoke-tight door with a self-closing door leaf, which is intended to prevent smoke gases from spreading in the building in the event of a fire.
Woodchip: A type of paintable multi-layered wallpaper that is widespread in Europe, especially in Germany, in which the wood fibers incorporated give a coarse-grained appearance.
room: Different meanings: 1. The medium, the design of which is the central task of architecture; see space (architecture) . 2. A room .
Indoor climate: Collective term for certain factors (air and component temperature, air humidity, draft, lighting) that can influence the well-being of the people in an interior space.
Room partition system: See mobile partition .
Rayonnant: Another word for Gothic . The word refers to the radial windows and towering services along the pillars.
refectory: Christian and Buddhist monasteries: dining room.
Reihendorf: Also Hufendorf : A type of settlement in which the courtyards or farmsteads are lined up on an elongated topographical object (e.g. a road, a dike, a valley, a ridge or a watercourse).
Riding stairs: Also riding stairs , Reiter staircase : a staircase with particularly deep, shallow steps that can be used by riders on horses. Especially from the 15th century as a representative element in manorial complexes.
bars: Locking of doors, windows, etc. Ä .: A slidable or rotatable fitting which , together with a counterpart, can be brought into a form-fitting and releasable connection.
rib: See vault rib .
Risalit: Also Avant Corps : A mostly full height from the line of flight of salient of a structure part of the building. A means of structuring the facade, especially in the Renaissance and Baroque periods.
Rocaille: A shell-shaped ornament. Already in the Renaissance, but especially in the Rococo.
Scrollwork: 16th and 17th centuries: Ornaments in the form of (partly rolled up) ribbon-like decorations. Often on coats of arms and cartridges .
Rose window: See rose window .
rotunda: A building with a circular floor plan .
Arched frieze: An arched frieze with semicircular arched lines.
Round: Switzerland: The concave underside cladding of a strongly cantilevered gable. The unusual shape is intended to prevent strong winds from finding a point of attack for covering the roof.
Rustika: 1. Tuscan order . 2. Bosswork
Rüttelboden

S.

room: A large room that is often used for representative purposes.
Hall church: A church building, the interior of which is not divided by free-standing columns.
Sabbath lift: In places with larger Orthodox Jewish communities: An elevator system that can be used without operating any electrical switches.
Sahat Kula

The five classic column orders

Pillar order: The structure system for the historical stages of the construction of columns from the base to the entablature and the relationship between the structural members.
Column shaft: See shaft .
shaft: The main body of a column, i.e. the actual column without its base and without its capital.
Vaginal arch: Vaults of Christian churches, especially hall churches: An arch that separates the nave from the aisle as an arcade , or an arch between two adjacent aisles.
Shield arch: Vault: The line or inner edge that is created when a reveal of the vault cap of a barrel vault or cross vault meets the shield or front wall or an arch adjacent to the wall .
Keystone: Also apex stone: the wedge stone at the highest point of an arch, a dome or a ribbed vault.
Skeleton construction: A construction method in which the shell of a structure is composed of elements that have a primarily load-bearing function (supporting structure ). Example: timber framework . Counter-term: solid construction .
Festoon: An ornament of the freely visible underside of a structural member, especially an architrave or an archivolt.
Soeller: Also arbor : An open platform on an upper floor resting on columns or walls. A balcony, on the other hand, is supported by consoles or similar support structures.
Spanish wall: Also wall screens , paravents : Interior fittings: A mobile, foldable privacy screen or room divider.
Rafters: Also rafters : in the roof construction the girders that run from the eaves to the ridge and carry the roof skin .
Spoilage: A reused workpiece from an older building, often in deliberate use for a different purpose.
Framework: Also supporting structure : a fixed construction method in which rods are used.
Stereobat: Greek temples: The underground foundation of the structure. The stereobat consists of several layers of roughly hewn stone blocks. Only the top layer, the euthyntery , is finely hewn and smoothed.
forehead: The narrow side of a longitudinally rectangular component.
Buttress: Gothic cathedral: A constructive and creative element, which is composed of buttresses and possibly buttresses and serves to derive the vault thrust and the wind load from the central nave of a basilica and the high choir at the ambulatory choir . Along with ribbed vaults and pointed arches , the buttress is one of the three popular stylistic features of Gothic sacred buildings.
Stucco lustro: A marbling surface treatment in which several layers of colored fine plaster are applied.
Fall: Covering a wall opening, especially over a door or window.
Support change: The rhythmic alternation of thick and slender pillars and / or columns. Especially in the nave of flat-roofed pre-Romanesque basilicas.
Stylobate: Greek antiquity: The top step of the Krepis , the step substructure of a temple, if this step carries columns like the Peripteros. If, on the other hand, this layer supports a wall, it is called a toichobat.

T

tabernacle: In Roman Catholic and Old Catholic churches: A mostly artistically designed sacrament house , in which the hosts consecrated in the Eucharist (reliqua sacramenti) are kept.
Terrazzo: A glossy floor covering which, through the direct application of decorative, often colored aggregates, forms a unit with a mostly cement-bound screed sub-base.
Thesaurus: Also treasure house : Antiquity: A sanctuary for storing precious votive offerings. Often in the form of an antenna temple .

Tuscan column order

Tuscan order: The lowest of the five classic column order. It differs from the following at first glance by the lack of fluting, i.e. H. the smooth column shafts.
Travée: See yoke .
Triglyph: Greek antiquity: A plate used in the frieze of the Doric order, which is attached at regular intervals between the metopes and together with them forms the triglyph frieze. The triglyph is notched vertically, with two full inner and two half outer grooves, creating three ridges.
Drywall: The installation of prefabricated room-delimiting, but not load-bearing components, especially for interior walls, ceilings and floors. Contrasting terms: concrete construction , masonry construction , earth building .
Dry screed: A screed made of prefabricated parts.
Dry plaster: Nowadays, prefabricated wall and ceiling panels made of plasterboard are usually meant. See also drywall .
Drum tower: China, East Asia, historically: a building in which large signal drums are set up. Often opposed to a bell tower.
Trompe: A vault gusset , which is used to transform a design with a square plan upwards into an octagonal and ultimately circular one.
Trumpet dome: See trompe .
Drip house: Also Trüpfhaus : Franconia : A small house on an equally small piece of land that just barely reaches the eaves.
trophy: A building plastic ornament that usually combines weapons, breeding tanks and helmets in a creative arrangement.
Trullo: Apulia (Italy): A round house with a cantilevered vault that tapers towards the top.
Trumeau: Different meanings: 1. Romanesque, Gothic: The central stone pillar of a portal; often adorned by a figure in front of it ( trumeau (pillar) ). 2. 18th and 19th centuries: A wall mirror ( trumeau (mirror) ) attached to a pillar between two wall openings .
Tschardak: Balkans: A small house with a fixed basement and a wooden upper floor that is used as a small protective fortress.
Tschum: Also Spitz yurt : Siberia: a tipi-like tent over a wooden frame. The traditional dwelling of the Chanten , Mansi and Nenets .
Tudor Arch: A very flat pointed arch.
Tulou: Fujian Province (China), historically: A large, ring-shaped Hakka house that also serves as a fortification.
whitewash: See lime paint .
door: A movable component for closing an opening, for example in a wall.
Doorknob: Also door handle , door handle , door latch , door handle : An angled lever for opening and closing a door by hand. Turning knobs are used instead in many countries.

Some common tower roof shapes

Tower roof: Towers , especially church towers , often have specially shaped roofs for structural, structural and stylistic reasons.
Tower ball: Also tower ball , tower button : Historical: A closed, often round and often gold-plated metal capsule on the top of a castle, palace or church tower. See roof knob .
Door frame: See frame .
Tympanum: Antiquity: A decorative surface in gable triangles or in the arched field of portals.

U

Overlay arch: A reinforcement and relief arch that does not form an opening.
Overhang: See cantilever .
Overhead glazing: A collective term for glass surfaces that are not vertical, but inclined or horizontal. Overhead glazing often has to withstand special loads.
Half-timbered house: A house type that combines log, half-timbered and solid construction. Traditional in many parts of Central Europe.
Inverted roof: A non-ventilated flat roof in which the thermal insulation is not below but above the concrete ceiling.
Sheathing: Reinforcing a wall or building.
False vault: See cantilever vault .
Under roof: Most of roofing felt or sarking existing second water draining layer under the actual roof covering .
accommodation: Also shelter , place to stay : A sheltered place that is mostly used for living, but at least for overnight stays. Not only a permanent building, but also a vehicle or a tent can be an accommodation.
Concealed: The bottom of a two or multi-layer mortar layer, consisting of a sub-plaster and a finishing plaster . The plastering serves as a primer on the masonry material and a plaster base for the top coat.
Underlay: A layer in the roof that is applied over a large area under the actual roof covering (e.g. the tiles) in order to divert any snow or rain that has penetrated downwards.
Shelter: A covered open space that is protected from precipitation and sunlight.
Truss: A support beam that is visibly attached below a ceiling. The beam transfers the load of the ceiling to the walls or columns. See also wooden beam ceiling .

V

Velarium: Roman antiquity: a large ring-shaped awning.
Venetian window: Also Palladio motif , Serliana : Renaissance: A combination of a portal or window opening vaulted with a round arch and two flanking narrower and lower arches.
veranda: A mostly roofed extension (open or glazed) at the entrance of the house, which is intended for staying and receiving guests, especially in warmer regions. To be distinguished from a terrace behind the house. See supplement .
Delusion: Different meanings: 1. A wall covering . 2. Shell construction: facing shell .
Facing brick: Flat brick sections (brick slips) that are glued to a wall as an ornament.
Composite construction: The mixed use of several types of construction. For example reinforced concrete and steel, concrete and wood.
Suspicion: A protruding member over a wall opening, door or window, e.g. B. a cornice or a gable ( Wimperg ).
glazing: Collective term for the openings provided for this purpose through flat glass elements.
rejuvenation: The gradual thinning of a column shaft or pillar towards the top.
Cranking: Moving a horizontal member (such as a cornice) around a vertical wall protrusion, creating a protruding edge ("bolster").
Distribution level: A floor that is used solely for the horizontal reception and distribution of people or goods from and to vertically accessible locations. Especially in airports and train station buildings.
ornament: An element that is used to beautify a component. See ornament .
vestibule: Modern architecture: A representative entrance hall with mostly high ceilings, grandiose structures and elaborate design. To be distinguished from a foyer , which can also be designed simply.
Via: Antiquity: The space between the mutuli of a geison.
viaduct: A mostly long and high railway or road bridge, especially a bridge with several bridge spans .
Four-room house: Levant, Iron Age: A house form widely used in Jewish culture.
Four-in-hand: A building development in which four apartments are connected to a stairwell via a hallway.
Crossing: Church buildings: The space that is created when the main and transepts meet.
villa: Roman antiquity and renaissance: an elegant country house. Modern times: an upper-class home.
Curtain wall: Curtain wall too : large-scale facade glazing. The curtain wall hangs on the structure of the building; it only bears its own weight and no other static loads.
Haunch: A bevel or curve at the transition between a column (e.g. a wall) and the support (e.g. a room ceiling). See fillet .

W.

Waldlerhaus: Bavarian Forest, Upper Palatinate Forest: A house shape. Features: one to two-storey, rear part of the stable, ground floor often made of stone, upper floor made of wood with a partly boarded-up balcony.
Hipped roof: A roof shape with a ridge and sloping roof surfaces on all four sides of the house. If all four roof surfaces touch at a common point, one does not speak of a hipped roof, but of a tent roof .
Hip dormer: A dormer with roof ridge and sloping roof surfaces on all three sides of the dormer.
Walser house: In the Kleinwalsertal and Großwalsertal as well as in Switzerland and Liechtenstein: A house type with inconsistent features. Features: block construction (larch wood), roofs covered with granite slabs, slate slabs or shingles; separate granary, which is carefully raised.
wall: A vertical flat component that closes off rooms and also protects them as an external wall.
Wall elevation: Basilica: division of the inner sides of the nave walls. A distinction is made between: two-zone (arcade, upper storey), three-zone (arcade, gallery, upper storey; or arcade, triforium, upper storey) and four-zone elevation (arcade, gallery, triforium, upper storey).
Wall covering: The cladding of walls in rooms with fabrics that were historically stretched on wooden strips, modernly clamped in plastic profile strips.
Wall painting: Painting that is applied to a wall or ceiling in such a way that it is firmly attached to the surface. Counter-term: panel painting .
Wall pillars: A pillar that is tied into a wall. See pilasters .
Wall pillar church: A single-nave, vaulted church building with pillars tied to the wall on the longitudinal walls to structure the interior.
Wall shelf: A shelf that is attached to the wall.
Wall saying: A short verse with pictorial or decorative elements attached to a wall. Often of a religious nature.
Wall decal: A decorative element that is applied to the surface of a wall or other surface using a sticker.
Wall cladding: A non-structural component that is attached to a wall, e.g. B. wood paneling .
Thermal insulation plaster: A plaster with a high percentage of pores, which is mainly used in the renovation of old buildings for thermal insulation.
Exposed aggregate concrete: A concrete in which the aggregate is exposed through a special surface treatment. Exposed aggregate concrete was used in buildings in the 1960s and 1970s for aesthetic reasons, but is now mostly considered to be unattractive. Because it improves the slip resistance of surfaces, but we still use it e.g. B. installed for stairs and sidewalks.
Water hammer: On Gothic and Baroque churches: a protruding bevel on the exterior that serves to drain off water.
French gable

X

Y

Z

Tooth frieze: Also German band , saw (tooth) frieze: pre-Romanesque, Romanesque, Moorish art: a jagged frieze formed from a row of overlapping stones.
Tooth cut: Different meanings: 1. Antiquity: A stone beam head imitation ("calf teeth"). 2. A row of slanted stones that form a jagged band.
Pliers: Timber construction, especially roof structure: Two parallel, narrow boards, planks or beams that run to the left and right of rafters, posts or other load-bearing wooden components.
frame: The laterally framing component of a component, especially a door or window.
fence: An enclosure, usually made of wood, metal or plastic. See wall , gabion wall .
tent: An often temporary structure consisting of a light, internal supporting structure and a membrane (tent skin).
Tent roof: Different meanings: 1. A pyramidal roof. 2. A membrane roof.
Tent roof church: A church with a polygonal roof that gives the building the appearance of a tent.
Central building: Above all sacred building: a building whose main axes are exactly or almost the same length. Some typical shapes: round, oval, square, cruciform or octagonal. Counter-term: longitudinal construction .
Ornamental gable: A gable that has a purely decorative function. Ornamental gables usually protrude over the roof space. Example: stepped gable . A distinction is to be made between ornamental gables and crowns, e.g. B. over portals or windows that have a gable shape but are not part of the roof.
Suite: See suite .
Onion dome: A tower with a hood in the shape of an onion. A typical feature of baroque , but also Orthodox churches.

literature

Owen Hopkins: Architecture: The Picture Dictionary. The most important terms, building types and components . Deutsche Verlagsanstalt, 2012, ISBN 978-3-421-03868-5 ( online reading sample [PDF]).
Hans Koepf, Günther Binding: Pictorial dictionary of architecture . 6th edition. Kröner, 2019, ISBN 978-3-520-19406-0 .
Dictionary of Architecture . 18th edition. Reclam, 2018, ISBN 978-3-15-019569-7 ( online reading sample [PDF]).

Web links

Wiktionary: Directory: German / Construction and architecture - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Alphabetical

Architectural dictionary with translations into English, French, Italian and Spanish
Architecture Lexicon
Architecture. Terms from architecture, stylistics and building trade
Technical terms - architecture
Architecture + School: Glossary
glossary

Systematized

Technical terms in architecture

Individual evidence

↑ Architecture and Photosynthesis: The Bioreactive Facade. Retrieved August 25, 2020 .

[1] Architecture and Photosynthesis: The Bioreactive Facade. Retrieved August 25, 2020 .