Chrysler
FCA US LLC
|
|
---|---|
legal form | Limited Liability Company |
founding | June 6, 1925 as Chrysler Motor Corporation |
Seat | Auburn Hills , Michigan |
management | Michael Manley (Chairman & CEO) |
Number of employees | 55,687 (2011) |
sales | 54.3 billion US dollars (2013) |
Branch | Automobile manufacturer |
Website | www.fcausllc.com |
Chrysler is an American automobile brand owned by Fiat Chrysler Automobiles , previously it was an independent company as Chrysler Group LLC until October 2014.
history
After Walter P. Chrysler resigned as Vice President of General Motors in 1919 , he accepted an offer from Willys-Overland to become executive vice president of the company. Under his leadership, the previously heavily loss-making company returned to profitability. In 1921 Walter P. Chrysler switched to the traditional Maxwell Motor Company , which was in economic difficulties after the merger with Chalmers . In 1923 the production of the Chalmers models was stopped. In 1924 the first Chrysler Six was presented.
In 1925, Chrysler Motor Corporation was founded and Maxwell was taken over. In 1928, the new company took over Dodge Brothers Inc (a company more than four times the size of Chrysler itself), making it the third largest automaker in the United States. At this point in time, the Group's brands were: Chrysler, Dodge , Imperial , DeSoto and Plymouth .
In the late 1950s, Chrysler began expanding its reach into Europe. From 1957, the company acquired shares in the French company Simca from Ford, and in 1963 Chrysler owned 63 percent of Simca. Between 1964 and 1967, Chrysler gradually took over the majority of the declining British Rootes group , which included the car brands Hillman , Sunbeam , Singer and Humber as well manufactured the truck brands Karrier and Commer . In 1967 Chrysler acquired the majority in the Spanish truck manufacturer Barreiros Diesel SA. In 1978 Chrysler had to sell its European activities to Peugeot due to economic difficulties .
In 1979 the company faced bankruptcy. On September 7th, it applied for $ 1.5 billion in guarantees from the US federal government to avert the bankruptcy case. At the same time, Lee Iacocca , previously on the board of directors of Ford Motor Company , was appointed CEO of Chrysler. He proved to be a capable public spokesman for the company and appeared personally in television commercials advising viewers, "If you can find a better car, buy it!" He became a symbol of Japan-bashing and pride in US American products. His book Talking Straight was a replica of Akio Morita's book Made in Japan .
Reluctantly, on December 20, 1979 , the US Congress passed the Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee Act of 1979 (Public Law 96-185), which was signed by US President Jimmy Carter on January 7, 1980 , which provided for a state guarantee so that Chrysler could borrow $ 1.5 billion. Chrysler employees and dealerships had previously lobbied in each and every congressional district for fear of losing their livelihood.
With the platform strategy of Chrysler K-Cars , success came back in the early 1980s. From 1982 Chrysler made a profit again. In 1984 the Chrysler Voyager founded the minivan market segment at the same time as the Renault Espace . In 1987, Chrysler acquired American Motors Corporation , which also brought Chrysler's ownership of the Jeep brand . At the end of 1992 Iacocca left and Robert Eaton was his successor.
Merger with Daimler-Benz
In November 1995 it became known that Daimler-Benz was making intensive efforts to cooperate with Chrysler. Chrysler had over $ 7 billion in reserves at the time . On September 18, 1998, the shareholders of both companies decided to merge to form DaimlerChrysler AG . The shareholders of Chrysler Inc., which has 121,000 employees, held a 42% stake in it.
In its first full fiscal year, Chrysler contributed around half of consolidated net income with over $ 5 billion. At the beginning of the following year, Eaton was the last American to leave the board of directors of the group, which had been promoted as a merger of equals ("union among equals"). In the fall, CEO Jürgen Schrempp said that this wording was just a pretext, which led to a lawsuit. Profits at Chrysler had meanwhile collapsed, and Dieter Zetsche replaced James Holden as boss. Chrysler closed the years 2000, 2001 and 2003 with a loss and the years 2002, 2004 and 2005 with a profit. When the 2006 financial year ended again with a loss, Zetsche, who was meanwhile CEO, put Chrysler up for grabs on February 14, 2007.
On May 14, 2007 the partial sale of Chrysler to the financial investor Cerberus Capital Management was announced. It was completed on August 3, 2007. Chrysler LLC and Daimler AG emerged from DaimlerChrysler AG . Robert Nardelli has been named Managing Director of Chrysler. Until April 2009, Daimler AG held a 19.9 percent minority stake in Chrysler.
Bankruptcy and subsequent entry of Fiat
As a result of the 2007 financial crisis, Chrysler's 2008 sales plummeted 30% year over year, more than any other automaker in the United States. On November 18, 2008, Chrysler solicited government funds to prevent bankruptcy. The main owner Cerberus subsequently demanded payment from Daimler for the takeover of Chrysler. On December 19, 2008, the outgoing US President granted Bush $ 4 billion with the condition that a recovery plan be drawn up by the end of March 2009. In January 2009, Chrysler and Fiat signed a letter of intent to enter into an alliance. Chrysler sought more loans, but the new US administration made it conditional on debt restructuring and wage cuts to match other automakers' levels. The United Auto Workers agreed, and Daimler finally withdrew from the community of owners on April 27, waiving loan repayments. The negotiations with banks and hedge funds , to which Chrysler owed a total of around 6.9 billion US dollars, finally failed on April 29. On April 30, 2009, US President Obama announced that Chrysler would seek Chapter 11 protection from its creditors, which came immediately afterwards.
Chrysler immediately ceased production at all 23 plants. The workforce's pension fund should become new majority owners in exchange for 57% of its entitlements waived and Fiat should receive 20% in exchange for technology transfer. On the other hand, 20 creditors went to court. Only after a Supreme Court decision, the contract was signed on 10 June 2009, which from Chrysler LLC , the Chrysler Group LLC made, Fiat gave the 20% stake in it and made the boss of Fiat also to that of Chrysler. Production started again on June 29th.
On November 4, 2009, Chairman and CEO Sergio Marchionne presented his plans for the next five years to let Chrysler only manufacture seven instead of eleven platforms. The compact class should be developed with the Fiat 500 and another Fiat platform.
In autumn 2010, Fiat decided to merge the Chrysler and Lancia brands . The two brands are now working together and developing a joint portfolio. The distribution of the joint vehicle range was divided geographically: Chrysler took over sales in the English-speaking countries (including Great Britain and Ireland) and also in Russia, while sales in the other countries (primarily Europe) were taken over by Lancia. In June 2011, sales of the Lancia brand were separated from joint sales with Fiat, some of the dealers were taken over and merged with the previous Chrysler dealers. Part of the new model range in Europe came from the USA, but these models were sold under the brand name Lancia. In 2017, no Lancia models were officially offered in Germany at all (neither of Italian nor American origin) and in the USA no Chrysler based on Lancia models.
In February 2012, the Chrysler Group sold 133,521 vehicles in its home market of the USA (40% more than in February 2011). US sales manager Reid Bigland justified this increase with the introduction of fuel-efficient vehicle models.
In January 2014, the Fiat group announced that it had bought the remaining shares in Chrysler Group LLC from VEBA Trust. Chrysler Group LLC and all of its brands have since been 100 percent owned by the Fiat group.
Trademarks of FCA US LLC
Current vehicle brands
- Chrysler
- Dodge
- jeep
- Ram trucks
Unused trademarks of Chrysler LLC
Chrysler LLC owned other brands that are no longer produced and sold, including:
- DeSoto (until 1961)
- Fargo (until 1972)
- Imperial (until 1983)
- AMC (until 1987)
- Eagle (until 1998)
- Plymouth (until 2001)
- Trazo (2008 and 2009)
Timelines
Chrysler brands
Chrysler Automobile Brands Timeline since 1886 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group | Chrysler Corporation | Daimler Chrysler | Chrysler LLC | FCA | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
brand | group | 1880 | 1890 | 1900 | 10s | 20s | 30s | 40s | 50s | 60s | 70s | 80s | 90s | 2000 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chrysler | Maxwell | Chrysler | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Imperial | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fargo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dodge | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ram trucks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Plymouth | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DeSoto | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nash / Rambler | AMC | Jeffery | Nash | Rambler | AMC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hudson / AMC | Hudson | AMC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
eagle | AMC Eagle | eagle | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Willys / Jeep | Willys | jeep | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Simca | Chrysler-Simca | Talbot-Simca | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Talbot / Talbot | Rootes | Talbot | HOURS | Talbot-Lago | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sunbeam | Sunbeam | Sunbeam Talbot | Sunbeam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hillman | Chrysler | Talbot | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Humber | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commer | Dodge | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Career | Dodge | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Barreiros | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lamborghini | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mercedes Benz |
Daimler- Benz |
Mercedes | Mercedes Benz | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Benz | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Freightliner | Consolodated Freightways | White Freightliner | Freightliner | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
sterling | sterling | Sterling-White | sterling | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Setra | Kässbohrer | Kässbohrer Setra | Setra | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Maybach | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Western star | White Western Star | Western star | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
smart | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fuso | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GEM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Models of the five main brands 1980/1990
Chrysler models timeline since 1970 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | 2020s | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | |
Lower middle class | Le Baron | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Town & Country | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Middle class | Newport | E-class | LeBaron GTS | LeBaron | Cirrus | Sebring | 200 | 200 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fifth avenue | Concorde | PT Cruiser | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
upper middle class | new Yorker | 300M | 300 | 300 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Town & Country | Imperial | LHS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Upper class | Executive | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sports car | laser | Conquest | Prowler | Crossfire | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Convertible / Coupé / GT | Cordoba | LeBaron Coupe | Sebring Coupe | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
LeBaron convertible | Sebring convertible | 200 convertible | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
TC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Crossover SUV | Pacifica | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SUV | Aspen | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Van | TEVan | Voyager | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
T&C | Town & Country | Pacifica | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Timeline of Plymouth models from 1946 to 2001 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type | 1940s | 1950s | 1960s | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | |
Small car | Cricket | Horizon | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
TC3 | Turismo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Champ / Colt | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Compact class | Arrow | Sun Dance | neon | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Valiant | Volaré | Reliant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Middle class | Belvedere | Caravelle | Acclaim | Breeze | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Satellite | Fury | Gran Fury | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Full size | (Special) Deluxe | Concord | Plaza | Savoy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cambridge | Savoy | Belvedere | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cranbrook | Belvedere | Fury | Gran ... | ... Fury | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sports car | Duster | Sapporo | laser | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Barracuda | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Road runner | Conquest | Prowler | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GTX | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SUV | Trail Duster | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pick up | Arrow truck | Scamp | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Van | Voyager | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Timeline of the Eagle models from 1987 to 1998 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type | 1980s | 1990s | |||||||||||
7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | |
Compact class | Vista (C10) | ||||||||||||
Summit (C60) | Summit (CB0) | ||||||||||||
Middle class | Medallion (R21) | 2000 GLX (E30) | |||||||||||
upper middle class | Premier (R25) | vision | |||||||||||
Sports car | Talon (D20) | Talon (D30) | |||||||||||
SUV | wagon | ||||||||||||
Van | Vista Wagon (N11) | Summit Wagon (N30) | |||||||||||
|
Chrysler brand models
The brand and model history is documented in the Walter P. Chrysler Museum .
Models by year of construction
literature
- James T. Lenzke (Ed.): Standard Catalog of Chrysler 1914-2000 . 2nd Edition. Krause Publications, Iola / Wisconsin 2000, ISBN 0-87341-882-4 .
- Joachim Kuch: Type compass Chrysler passenger cars and jeeps since 1945 . 1st edition. Motorbuch-Verlag, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-613-01981-7 .
Web links
- Homepage FCA US LLC
- Chrysler brand homepage
- Information on the history of the Chrysler Group
- Hist. Securities, documents and links to Chrysler and the 300C
Individual evidence
- ↑ Handelsblatt , from July 23, 2018, online at https://www.handelsblatt.com/unternehmen/industrie/mike-manley-dieser-mann-ist-die-neue-nummer-eins-bei-fiat/22830526.html ? ticket = ST-2992505-X9pjOGZeRaGdlI3i1BB1-ap6 .
- ↑ Handelsblatt , No. 136 of 18./19./20. July 2014, p. 7.
- ^ Timothy R. Whisler: The British Motor Industry, 1945–1994: A Case Study in Industrial Decline. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1999. p. 91.
- ↑ talbot-simca.de, T. Stein: Talbot 1978 - 1986 (1992) ( Memento from October 31, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ https://www.sueddeutsche.de/wirtschaft/opel-rettung-nur-mit-daumenschraub-1.564647
- ↑ Comeback of the auto pope. In: Der Spiegel. July 20, 2005, accessed April 3, 2010 .
- ^ New Chrysler chief says he's no Lee Iacocca. In: The Baltimore Sun . March 17, 1992, accessed April 3, 2010 .
- ↑ Violent flirtation with Chrysler. In: Der Spiegel. November 13, 1995, accessed April 3, 2010 .
- Jump up to play. In: Der Spiegel. April 24, 1995, accessed April 3, 2010 .
- ^ Theodor Baums : Globalization and German company law: The case of Daimler - Chrysler. (PDF; 21 KB) (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on January 30, 2012 ; Retrieved April 3, 2010 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ DaimlerChrysler Annual Report 1999. (PDF; 4.49 MB) (No longer available online.) In: Daimler AG. Archived from the original on January 30, 2012 ; Retrieved April 3, 2010 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Eaton to Retire From DaimlerChrysler. In: The New York Times . January 27, 2000, accessed April 3, 2010 .
- ^ An expensive confession. In: The time . November 30, 2000, accessed April 3, 2010 .
- ↑ DaimlerChrysler - History of a Failed Connection. In: The world . May 20, 2007, accessed April 3, 2010 .
- ↑ DaimlerChrysler AG: DaimlerChrysler concludes transaction for the majority transfer of Chrysler to Cerberus ( memento of the original from August 17, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Press release, August 3, 2007
- ^ Auto sales plunge again in December. In: Time Warner . January 5, 2009, accessed April 3, 2010 .
- ↑ Big Three CEOs Flew Private Jets to Plead for Public Funds. In: American Broadcasting Company . November 19, 2008, accessed April 3, 2010 .
- ↑ Daimler and Cerberus argue over Chrysler shares. In: The world. November 26, 2008, accessed April 3, 2010 .
- ↑ Bush Aids Detroit, but Hard Choices Wait for Obama. In: The New York Times. December 19, 2008, accessed April 3, 2010 .
- ↑ Fiat and Chrysler want to conquer the world together. In: Handelsblatt . January 20, 2009, accessed April 3, 2010 .
- ↑ Chrysler: More help needed, more posts gone. In: Handelsblatt. February 18, 2009, accessed April 3, 2010 .
- ↑ Daimler separates from remaining stake in Chrysler. In: Der Spiegel. April 27, 2009, accessed April 3, 2010 .
- ↑ Creditors want to challenge bankruptcy. (No longer available online.) In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . May 1, 2009, archived from the original on June 9, 2009 ; Retrieved April 3, 2010 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Fiat joins Chrysler. In: Der Spiegel. April 30, 2009, accessed April 3, 2010 .
- ↑ a b At Chrysler, the production lines stand still. In: Handelsblatt. May 1, 2009, accessed April 3, 2010 .
- ^ Neil King Jr., Jeffrey McCracken: Chrysler Pushed Into Fiat's Arms. In: The Wall Street Journal . May 1, 2009, accessed April 3, 2010 .
- ↑ Insolvent automaker: Fiat seals alliance with Chrysler. In: Der Spiegel. June 10, 2009, accessed April 3, 2010 .
- ↑ Production at Chrysler started again. In: Motor Presse Stuttgart . June 30, 2009, archived from the original on January 4, 2011 ; Retrieved April 3, 2010 .
- ^ Andre Tauber, Matthias Ruch: Sergio Marchionne, courageous as John Wayne once did. In: Financial Times Germany . November 4, 2009, archived from the original on November 6, 2009 ; Retrieved April 3, 2010 .
- ↑ Sebastian Viehmann: What is left of the American. (No longer available online.) In: Süddeutsche Zeitung. November 30, 2009, formerly in the original ; Retrieved April 3, 2010 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Tom Grünweg: Fiat is converting: Chrysler is now called Lancia. In: Spiegel Online . October 28, 2010. Retrieved October 28, 2010 .
- ↑ Chrysler increases US sales by 40 percent. March 1, 2012, accessed March 8, 2012 .