List of Latin loan and foreign words in German

The list of Latin loan and foreign words in German is a list of German terms that have their origins in Latin .

The German language has adopted so many loan words and foreign words from the Latin language that it is impossible to make a list that is even halfway complete. In everyday life, German words with Latin roots are predominantly found in terms that were influenced by the Romans . Scientific terms also often come from Latin, for example in medicine .

For foreign words of Greek origin, see the list of Graecisms , but loanwords are for the most part also listed here, as they were always borrowed from Latin.

For terms of Latin origin taken from French, see List of Gallicisms ; for equivalent terms that come from Spanish, see List of Hispanisms . However, some terms are also listed. Similarly, Anglicisms and Italianisms Latin origin indicated in addition.

Purely ancient terms, geographical names and company and brand names are generally not listed.

Tables

Navigation: A  - B  - C  - D  - E  - F  - G  - H  - I, J  - K  - L  - M  - N  - O  - P  - Q  - R  - S  - T  - U  - V  - W, X, Y Z

Hints:

• For verbs, if it exists, the past participle perfect passive ( PPP ) is also given (in the stem form as a neuter ), because in many cases the further loan or foreign word formation is based on this.
• For some adjectives and nouns, the genitive ( Gen. ) is also listed in order to better emphasize the root of the word.
• Markings: ^(L)Loan word  -^(A)Anglicism  -^(G)Gallicism  -^(H)Hispanism  -^(I) Italianism

A.

origin	Importance of origin	Term in German	Remarks
acēre (acētum)	be angry	Vinegar (L) , acetate	See also acidus .
acidus	sour, hot, unpleasant	Azide , acidity , acidosis , Acid (A)	Derived from acere .
āctiō	(Negotiation	Share , action	Derivation of agere
acūtus	sharp, pointed	acute
adaptāre (adaptātum)	to adjust	Adaptation / adaptation , adaptive , adapter (A)	Adept, however, of adipisci
addere (additum)	add	add , addition , additive	Compound to dare
adipīscī (adeptum)	attain (with effort), attain	Adept
adiuvāre (adiūtum)	support, help	Adjuvant , adjutant
advenīre (adventum)	Arrive, come, approach, (time) break in, break out	Advent , Adventism , part of the word adventiv- (as in Adventivbildung , Adventivpflanze , Adventivvolkan ), Abenteuer (L) , Adventure (A)	Compound to venire
aequāre (aequātum)	equalize	Equator , adequate	Derivation from aequus
aequus	equal	Word part equi- (as in equidistance , equilibrism and equivalence )	See also aequare .
aes ( Gen. aeris)	Copper , bronze , ore	era	Erz and brazen are etymologically related to aes . See also cuprum .
ager ( Gen. agrī)	Field	Agriculture , part of the word agrar- (as in the agricultural sector and agriculture )	Acker is etymologically related, but not a loan word.
agere (āctum)	(negotiate	act, agent , agency , act , act	See also actio .
agglūtināre (agglūtinātum)	glue on	agglutination
albus	(matt) white (dull)	Alb , albedo , albinism , album , albumin	Compare also candidus .
alere (altum)	nourish, let grow	Alimentation / Alimente / Alimentierung , Alma Mater , Alumne / Alumnus (often in the plural alumni )	not related to altus and alumen
alga	Sea grass, seaweed	alga
alibi	elsewhere	alibi
Age	one (of two)	Alternative , altruism
altus	high Low	Old , altar	not related to alere
alūmen	alum	Alum (L) , aluminum	not related to alere
alveus	bulbous cavity, tub	Alveolar , alveolus
ambō	both together)	Ambiguity , ambisexuality , ambivalence	See also ambular
ambulāre (ambulātum)	hike	outpatient , ambulance	Derivation from ambo
amplus	extensive	amplitude
ampora	Clay pot with two handles	Bucket (L)	Ampora is a subsidiary form of amphora , which is of Greek origin. See the note at ampulla . The bucket shape was based on folk etymology , when the term in Old High German was transferred to one-handled devices in the word form * ambar at that time and one wanted to make a distinction to the two- handle tub (at that time two-handle ; Germanic origin) ( * ambar> * einbar> * eimbar ) .
ampulla	small bulbous vessel	Ampoule , traffic light (L) , Pulle (L)	Ampulla is the diminutive of ampora and is itself of Greek origin, see etymology of the word traffic light .
ancora	anchor	Anchor (L)	Ancora is itself a loan word synonymous with Greek ἄγκυρα ánkyra . Angora was the historical, modern Greek name of Ankara and is very probably not related (but was associatedwith the anchor in folk etymology ).
angere (-)	cramped	angina	Angere itself is of Greek origin or at least etymologically related to the synonymous ἄγχειν ánchein ; narrow and narrow are also etymologically related. Angora is not related. This is to be distinguished from the angi (o) - , which comes from the Greek .
angulus	Corner, angle	triangle	Angel (rod, door fastening) etymologically closely related, but not derived from it; unrelated: angel and gospel .
animal	animal	animalism, animalism	Derivation from anima ("air, breath, spirit of life, soul"), related to animare and animosus ; animal : something that has a soul, animal : "something that distinguishes an animal" or "like an animal"
animāre (animātum)	animate, animate	animate , animation , animator (G) , anime (japanese)	Derivation from anima ("air, breath, spirit of life, soul") and / or from animus ("spirit, soul. Mind"); related to animal and animosus ; Anime was created as a shortening of the Japanese loan word ア ニ メ ー シ ョ ン animēshon (from English animation ).
animosus	brave, warm, heated, impetuous, passionate	animos, animosity	Derivation from animus ("spirit, soul. Mind"); related to animal and animare
annus	year	Annals , Annaten , Anno , Annual , Annuity , Biennale , Biennium , Triennale , Quadriennale , perennial , perennis
antenna	Sail pole	antenna
antīquus	old, ancient	Antiqua , antiquarian , antiquarian bookshop , antique , antique (G) , antique (G)
aperīre (apertum)	uncover, open	Aperture , aperitif (G) , aperitif (G)
appellāre (appellātum)	address, address, prompt, suggest, admonish	appeal , appellation , appellative , appeal (G)	Derivation of pellere
aqua	water	aquatic , aquarium , aqueduct , aquatint , watercolor (I)
arancia, arangia	Orange, orange	Bitter orange , orange (G) (fruit and color)	The name of the city of Orange developed from its historical name Arausio . The principality of Orange is derived from this city and the name of the House of Orange , Dutch Oranje, is derived from the principality .
arbor	tree	Arboretum
arca	Box, box	ark	The Greek archē is to be distinguished from this .
archīvum	Archive (collection of documents, storage location of such a collection)	Archive, archive , archivist	Archīvum is actually just a late Latin subsidiary form of archīum , which is a foreign word to Greek ἀρχεῖον arché͞ion ("government building, authority, office"), in turn a derivation of Archē ("beginning, cause, origin, rule, government").
arcus	arc	Arcus / Arkus , archivolt (I) , arcade (G)
ārea	surface	Ar / Are , area
arena	Sand, sand-covered place	arena	The word was harēna in ancient Latin .
argumentum	Evidence (means)	Argument , argue , reasoning
armāre (armātum)	equip, arm	Armatur , Armada (H) , Army (G) , Armierung (G)
assistere (-)	to stand by, to stand by (someone), to support (someone)	Assistant , Assistant , Assistance , Assistance (G) , Assist (A)	Composite to sistere
astracus, astricus	Pavement (made of clay bricks), (stone) floor	Screed (L)	Astracus or astricus is medieval Latin and needs (unoccupied) on vulgar Latin * astracum / * astricum decline, the self- Greek ὄστρακον Ostracon ( "clay tile, shard") is borrowed.
atavus	Ancestor	Atavism , atavistic
ater ( Gen. atrī)	(matt) black (dull)	Atrium	Originally the room in which the stove (with an open hearth) was, which led to soot-blackened walls, compare the term black kitchen . Compare also niger .
audīre (audītum)	Listen	Audio , audience , auditorium
augēre (auctum)	multiply, enlarge	auction
auris	Ear , earlobe	Ear (L) , eye (L) , auricle	not related to aurum ; also not related: aura , aurora
aurum	gold	aureole	not related to auris ; also not related: aura , aurora

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B.

origin	Importance of origin	Term in German	Remarks
baccīnum	shallow bowl	Basin (L) , basin (G)	Baccinum is itself a vulgar Latin word and goes back to bacca ("water vessel"; to be distinguished from bāca / bacca , "berry").
baculus	Stick, stick	bacillus
barba	beard	Barbel , barber (G) , Barbarossa (I)	unrelated: barbarian
barra	Crossbar, barrier	Barre (L) (exercise bar and unit), parallel bar (L)	Vulgar Latin word; In addition to the interpretation of a Gallic origin, there is also the variant that the word can be traced back to the Middle Latin * parra ("rod"), see note on parricus .
beātus	happy, blessed	Beatification
level	Well	given (L) , benignity , benign	Adverb to bonus
bēstia	animal	Beast , beast (L)
beta	turnip	Beetroot
bicarium, bicarius	(Drinking) vessel, mug	Cup (L) , cup (L)	Bicarium or bicarius is Middle Latin . There are different interpretations of the origin: Most of them lead back to a vulgar Latin * bicārus or * biccārius, ultimately to Greek βῖκος bī́kos ("[wine, water] jug, mug"); however, it is also possible to have an origin from late Latin bacar or bacarium (both “[ handle-less ] wine jug ”, to bāca / bacca , “[wine] berry”).
bīnī	two each	binary , binoculars , binoculars
bitumen	Pitch	bitumen
bonus	Well	Bonus , bonus , creditworthiness , receipt (G) ( sales receipt , consumption receipt ), bonbon (G)	See also comparative melior , superlative optimus and adverb bene .
brevis	short	Brevis , Breve , Breviary , Letter (L)	Letter is derived from litterae breves or libellus brevis (both: "short letter"), which was already shortened to breve in late Latin .
brutus	cumbersome, stupid, raw	brutal , brutalism , brut (G) (sparkling wine quality), gross (I)	not related: brood as bird offspring
bulbus	Bulb, onion, bulb	Bolle (L) , bulb , bulb , bulb
bulla	Water bladder, round capsule	Bull (seal), bull (document with a seal, special papal bull ), meatball (G) , bulletin (G)	Bull (Bull) etymologisch related, but not derived from
bursa	Leather sack, pouch, cash register	Burse , stock exchange (L) , lad (L)
butina	Barrel , vat	Bütt (e) (L)  - of which handmade paper (short Bütten ), Büttner (L)	Butina is Middle Latin ; probably borrowed from Greek βυτίνη bytínē ("bottle, measure of measure"). Compare also buttis and cupa .
buttis, butica	Barrel, vessel	Tub (L) , cooper (L) , bottle (L)	Buttis is late latin , Butică is the medium Latin derivative thereof. Probably borrowed from apotheca ("wine store "), which is itself a foreign word to Greek ἀποθήκη apothḗkē ("storage, storage place", compare pharmacy ). Butter is not related (other Greek origin). Compare also butina and cupa .

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C.

origin	Importance of origin	Term in German	Remarks
cacculus, caccalus	(earthen) pot, cookware	Tile (L)	The two variants caccalus / cacculus are vulgar Latin and very likely originated from caccabulus ("small crucible, small pan"), the diminutive of caccabus ("crucible, pan, cauldron"), which is itself in Greek κάκκαβος kákkabos , a subsidiary form of κακκάβη k ("[Three-legged] crucible"), goes back.
cadere (-)	fall, sink	Cadence , decadence , cadaver	Only the Futurpartizip cāsūrus has survived. Carcass : "fallen animal", hence "animal corpse". See also caseus and casus .
caedere (caesum)	Chop down, cut off, cut down, cut down, slain, kill, murder, kill, sacrifice	Part of the word -zid (as in genocide , homocide , suicide ; biocide , fungicide , herbicide , insecticide , pesticide , rodenticide )	The first three examples are to be distinguished from pesticides in terms of word formation ( -cīdium versus -cīdere ). Cheese is derived from cadere , see caseus . See also Caesar .
caerimōnia	Reverence, sacred act	ceremony
Caesar	Caesar (as title)	Emperor (L) , Tsar (L)	According to one of Pliny d. Ä. represented theory derives Caesar from caedere , but see in Caesar, origin for further interpretations. This is probably the best-known example of the sound change from K to Z before E and I sounds: early borrowing as emperor (also "ai" for ae ), later borrowing in Slavic as tsar (or Old Slavic цьсарь, цѣсарь, цесарь zesar ).
calcātūra	the stepping, the pressing, the pressing	Wine press (L) , Kelterei (L) , keltern (L)	Calcātūra is itself a derivative of the verb calcāre ( calcātum ; " trample , push, stamp, press"), which in turn is derived from calx ( Gen. calcis ), "heel" (to be distinguished from calx , "stone, lime" ).
calēre (-)	be warm, be hot, glow	Calorie , calorimetry , caldera (H)	The derivation was made from the derivatives calor (“warmth, heat”) and calidus (“warm, hot”).
calix ( Gen. calicis)	deep bowl, cup , goblet	Chalice (L)	Not borrowed, but closely related to the Greek κάλυξ kályx ("shell, bud, flower cup, fruit bowl"), which in the Latinized form calyx was also adopted as a technical term in botany, as well as κύλιξ kýlix ("drinking cup").
calva	Cranium, skull	Calvary	Nouns feminine to calvus (“bald, hairless, leafy”); the German word kahl is etymologically closely related, but not a loan word.
calx ( Gen. calcis)	Stone, game stone, limestone , lime	Lime (L) , liming (L) , calcination / calcination , calcium	Calx is itself a loan word from Greek χάλιξ chálix ("stone, gravel, rubble"). This is to be distinguished from the homonym calx , "heel", compare calcatura .
cambiāre (cambiātum)	swap, switch	Cambium
camera	Vault, vaulted ceiling, vault, chamber	Chamber (L) , camera , camera studies , comrade (G)	Camera is itself a loan word synonymous with Greek καμάρα kamára .
camīnus	Fireplace, stove , fireplace	Chimney (L)	Caminus itself is a foreign word to Greek κάμινος kámīnos ("melting, furnace , oven").
campus	Area, field	Campus , Kampf (L) , Camp (A) (camp, special conference form and art direction), Camping (A) , mushroom (G) , campaign (G)
canālis	Tube, gutter, channel , groove, fluting	Sewer, sewerage , canalize, fluting (G) , fluting (G) , channel (A)	Derivation from canna
cancellī	Barriers, bars	Pulpit (L) Chancellery (L) , Chancellor (L) ,
candidus	(glossy) white	candidate	Compare also albus .
canna	Reeds , reeds , jugs	Jug (L) , canna (plant), canister (L)	Canna itself is a foreign word to Greek κάννα kánna ("reed, reed, reed"). The meaning “jug” probably originated from Synekdoche (specifically pars pro toto ) - initially only the tubular spout was probably called that. See also canalis .
cantāre (cantātum)	to sing	Cantata , cantor
capanna	hut	Cabin (A)
caper	Billy goat	Caper	not related: caper (food ingredient, spice); also not related to capere
capere (captum)	grasp, grasp, understand	savvy , CAPTIV , capers (L) , Kaperei (L) , contraception , a contraceptive , Escape (A)	See also concipere , princeps, and recipere . Not related: capers (food ingredient, spice); also not related to caper .
cappa	Coat with head protection, hooded coat	Cap (L) , chapel , cape (A) (coat)	For English cape ("cape") compare under caput .
capsula	Box, capsule	Capsule (L)	Diminutive to capsa ("container, box")
caput ( Gen. capitis)	Head, head	Hood (L) , capital , capitalism , chapter , capitular , capital (I) , surrender (G) , surrender (G) , recap , cape (G) , biceps , triceps , quadriceps	Haupt is etymologically related to caput , but not a loan word. Head is a loan word from cuppa . The biceps, triceps and quadriceps are probably formed in analogy to unrelated compound words such as princeps .
carbō ( Gen. carbōnis)	coal	Carbon , carbide , carbol , carbolineum , carbon fiber , carbonara (I)
carcer	Enclosure, barrier	Lockup (L) , dungeon (L)	Kerker is a very early borrowing, Karzer was borrowed around the 14th century.
cardō ( Gen. cardinis)	Hinge	Cardinal , part of the word cardinal (in addition to various derivations to cardinal such as the College of Cardinals, for example also cardinal errors , cardinal question , cardinal number )	Not related: card , card . Terms that have to do with the heart and have the Greek-derived part of the word kardio- are to be separated from this (shortened to -kard at the end of the word ).
carēre (-)	not have, do without	Waiting ( waiting period , waiting period ), unpaid leave	Only the Futurpartizip caritūrus has survived.
cariēs	Rottenness, putrefaction	Caries	not related to caro
carō ( Gen. carnis)	flesh	Karnismus , carnelian , carnival , carnivor , incarnation	Diamonds (square and card suit) is derived from quadrus . Not related to caries .
carpere (carptum)	pick, enjoy	Excerpt , excerpt
carrus	four-wheeled cart	Karre (L) / carts (L) , barrow (L) , chassis (G) , Car (A)
carus	dear, dear	Caritas , Charité (G)
casa	Hut, house	Casino , Casablanca , Casanova (I)	Related to castellum ; Haus is etymologically related to casa , but not a loan word, as is Kate .
cāseus	cheese	Cheese (L) , cheesy, casein	Derivation from cadere
castānea	chestnut	Chestnut (L) , castanets (H)	There are also many regional names for the sweet chestnut , see overview .
castellum	Fortress, fort	Fortress, castellan	Diminutive of castra ("camp"), this is not related to castrare .
castrāre (castrātum)	emasculate, castrate	Castration , neuter	Not related to castra ("camp"), compare castellum .
castus	pure, chaste, chaste	caste	Not related: box , see cista .
cāsus	case	Case , case history	Derivation from cadere
catillus	Bowl, bowl	Boiler (L)	Diminutive of catīnus ("bowl, bowl, [melting] crucible").
cauda	tail	caudal , coda (I)
caupō	Shopkeeper, innkeeper	Merchant (L) , buy (L)
causa	Cause, reason	causal
cautus	careful	deposit
cavus	hollow	Cavern , cavitation , cavity , excavation
cēdere (cessum)	go, give way	Excess , excessive , process , recess , recessive	See also concedere .
celebrāre (celebrātum)	praise, praise, celebrate	celebrate, celebrant
cella	small room, cell	Cell (L) , basement (L)	Keller comes from the derivation cellārium (" pantry, larder ") and was borrowed much earlier than cell (K versus Z sound).
cēnsēre (cēnsum)	appraise, assess, mean	Censor , censorship , interest (L) (often in the plural interest ), review
center	Circle center, center	Center, central , headquarters , center (A)	Center itself is a foreign word to Greek κέντρον kentron "sting", especially the point of the circle.
centum	one hundred	Centers (L) , percent , SI unit of measurement centi- (as in centimeters , centiliters )	Hundred is etymologically related.
cernere (crētum)	divorce, rather	Chalk (L) , decree , decrement , decrement , discreet , discretion , excretion , excrement , increment , incremental	Chalk from (terra) crēta ("sifted [earth]"); see also certus , concernere , crimen and discrimen .
certus	separate, decided, fixed, certain, certain	Certificate , certification	Derivation of cernere ; see also concertare .
cingere (cinctum)	gird, surround	Zingel (L) , encircle (L) , Zingulum
circus	Circle line	Circus , circle , circulation , district , circa	Circa is actually an adverb for the preposition circum ("um ... um"), which is a frozen accusative of circus .
cista	Box , box	Box (L)	Cista itself is a foreign word synonymous with Greek κίστη kístē . Box is probably also derived from this, but that is very uncertain. It is a medium-Latin castulum narrated compare scatula .
citāre (citātum)	set in motion, summon	quote , quotation , recite , recitation , recitative
cīvis	Citizen	Civilization , civilian , civil
clāmāre (clāmātum)	scream	Acclamation , declamation , declamation , proclamation , complaint	The origin of slapstick is uncertain. It is a Berlinism that is most likely not derived from clamare , but is an onomatopoeia .
classis	Department	Great , classic , classic	Derivative of clamare ; original sense: "the called crowd"
claudere (clausum)	conclude	Klause , clause , written exam , Klausner (L) , monastery (L) , toilet (A) , exclusion , exclusive, inclusion , including	The first name Klaus is a short form of Nikolaus and thus of Greek origin.
clāvis	key	Keyboard , piano (G) , enclave , exclave , conclave
clēmēns	mild	Clementine
clīnāre (clīnātum)	bend, bend, lean	declination , declination , inclination
cloāca	Ditch	Sewer
cōdex ( Gen. cōdicis)	Tree trunk, block of wood, board covered with wax	Codex , Codicill , Code (A)
cohors ( Gen. cohortis)	Courtyard, enclosure, entourage, cohort	cohort	Derivative of hortus ; not related to cohortari
cohortari (cohortatum)	earnestly persuade, encourage with encouragement	Cohortative	not related to cohors
colere (cultum)	cultivate, maintain, revere	Cult , culture , cult , cultivar , cultivation , cultivate	See also colonus .
collēgium	College , (official) community, (official) cooperative, association	College, colleague , college , collegiality , collegial, Collège (G) , College (A)	Derived from lex (originally roughly "association formed by law"); only indirectly related to colligere
colligere (collectum)	collect, bring together	Collection , collection , collective , collectivization	Compound to casual ; only indirectly related to collegium
collum	neck	Kollar , necklace (G)
colōnus	Farmer	Colon , Colony , Clown (A)	Derivation of colere
colorare	to dye	colorize
columna	pillar	Column , Column (G) , Colonnade (G)
combīnāre (combīnātum)	bring two together, unite	Combine , combination , combine , combinatorics , recombination	late Latin derivation of bini
comes ( Gen. comitis)	companion	County
commūnis	together, collectively, generally	commun , commune , communal , communication , communism
compōnere (compositum)	assemble, unite, compose	Compound , composition , composer , compost (G) , composting (G)	Compound to ponere
computāre (computātum)	settle, calculate, add up, estimate	Computus , Computer (A) , Account (I) , Kontor (G) , Kontorist (G)	Composite to putare
concēdere (concessum)	step aside	concession , concession	Composite to cedere
concernere (concrētum)	mix, later also: concern	Group , specifically , concretism	Composite to cernere
concertāre (concertātum)	compete, argue, fight, cooperate	Concert (I) , concert (I) , concertante, concerted ( concerted action , concerted reaction )	Composite to certāre ( "fight, fight, negotiate"), which differs from certus derived.
concilium	Assembly, council	Council
concipere (conceptum)	summarize, summarize, grasp, grasp, grasp, absorb, receive	design, concept , design , Konzipist , Developers (A) / conceptionist (A) , Contraception	Compound to capere
condicere (condictum)	(together) agree, determine, fix, agree, terminate	kondizieren , Kondiktion , condition , conditional , conditionality , conditioning , conditioning	Condition and its derivatives come from the Middle Latin form conditiō ("agreement, position, quality, state, condition", in classical Latin condiciō ), there is no relationship to derivatives of dare .
condīre (conditum)	season, prepare tasty	Confectioner
cōnficere (cōnfectum)	manufacture, manufacture, complete	Confectionary , ready-made clothing , confetti (I) , confectionery (G)	Compound to facere
cōnfitērī (cōnfessum)	admit, admit, confess, reveal, confess	Denomination , denominational	as well as profiteri compound to the verb fatērī ( fassum ; "confess, confess, grant")
cōnflīgere (cōnflictum)	beat up, fight	conflict
congruere (-)	coincide, agree	congruence
cōnservāre (cōnservātum)	preserve, preserve	conservative , conservatism , conservatory , conservator , preserve , preservation	Composite to servare
consilium	Advice, advice	Case conference , part of word konsiliar- (as in consultation service , consulting laboratory )	Derived from consulere
cōnsuēscere (cōnsuētum)	to get used to	Costume (I)	French influenced pronunciation
cōnsulere (cōnsultum)	consult, decide, question, worry	Consul , consultation
cōnsūmere (cōnsūmptum)	use, use, consume, consume	consume , consumer , consumption , consumption , consumption , consumerism	Composite to sumere
continēre (contentum)	hold together, contain, connect, preserve	Continent , continence , continuum , continuity , continuous, incontinence , container (A) , content (A)	Compound to tenere
contingere (contāctum)	hold together, contain, connect, preserve	Contact , contact, contiguity , contingent (G) , contingent (G) , contingency (G)	Compound to tangere
contrā	against	Contra , contrast , controversy , counter (G) / (A) , counter (A)
contrahere (contractum)	to contract, to unite, to effect, to close (deal)	Contract , counterparty , contract , contraction , contracture	Compound to trahere
cōnus	pointed cones, cones	Cone , conical, conifer
convexus	rounded, arched	convex
cōpia	Quantity, supply	Copy , copy , copier
cōpulāre (cōpulātum)	bind together, connect, unite	Copula , copulation , coupling (L) , coupling , coupling (L) , coupling (L)
coquere (coctum)	cooking, baking, drying	cook (L) , cook (L) , kitchen (L) , panna cotta (I) , ricotta (I) , terracotta (I)
corbis	Basket (braided container)	Basket (L)
corona	Wreath , crown	Crown (L) , coronation (L) , coronavirus , corona , coronary - also in composites (such as coronary artery , coronary thrombosis ), coroner (A)	Corona is itself a loan word from the Greek κορώνη korṓnē , which denoted various things and living beings that were characterized by something “curved”, such as “ ring ”, “wreath”, “crown”, a metal arch on tools and weapons or also “ crow ” (because of the curved beak). Kranz is probably also related etymologically , but not a loan word.
corpus ( Gen. corporis)	body	Body (L) , corporation , incorporation , corporal , corporal
corrigere (corrēctum)	straighten, correct, improve, correct	Corrigendum (plural corrigenda ), correct, correct , corrector , correction	Compound to regere
cortex ( Gen. corticis)	(Tree) bark, shell	Cortex , corticoid
costa	Rib, side wall	Coast (L) , chop (G)
crassus	thick, coarse	awesome
creāre (creātum)	bring forth, let arise, create	create , creation , creativity , creature
crēdere (crēditum)	believe, believe, trust	Credo , credit , credit (A)
cremāre (cremātum)	burn	Crematorium , cremation / cremation
crepāre (crepātum)	creak, crack, sound loud	creep, crepitation , discrepancy
crīmen ( Gen. crīminis)	Accusation, accusation, defamation, guilt, crime	Crime , criminal , criminology , criminologist , criminology , part of the word criminal (as in crime film , criminal police , crime novel ), acronym crime	Derived from cernere (meaning: "subject of a judicial decision"), compare also discrimen .
crūsta	Bark, peel	Crust (L)
crux ( Gen. crucis)	cross	Cross (L) , crucifix
cubāre (cubātum)	lie, rest	Incubation , incubator	not related to cubus
cubus	cube	Cube , cubature	Cubus is itself a Latin loan word from Greek κύβος kybos . Not related to cubare .
culmen	highest point, summit	Kulm , culmination , culminate	Etymologically related to Golm and Holm , but neither are loan words.
cumulus	heap	Cumulus , cumulation , accumulate , cumulative
cūnābula	Cradle	incunabulum
cunnus	female shame	Cunnilingus
cupa	Ton , Fass	Vat (L) (vessel), bucket (L) , vat (L) , coop (L) , head (L) , dome (L)	Head and tip of the late Latin form cuppa ("cup"); The runner (slide rail) and tub are not related. See also butina , buttis .
cuprum	copper	Copper (L)	Cuprum itself comes from the late Latin aes cuprum , in classical Latin aes cyprium ("ore from Cyprus"), so it derives from the name of the island: Latin Cyprus , from the Greek Κύπρος Kýpros .
cūrāre (cūrātum)	worry, worry, look after, care for, manage	cure, curator , board of trustees , cure (L) , safe (L) , security (L)	Certainly the derivation sēcūrus (" carefree, carefree , fearless") is borrowed. Cure in elector and electorship is freestyle derived and courier of currere ; also not related: Kurare (poison).
cūria	Meeting building	Curia	not related to curare
currere (cursum)	run, run	Current , courier , course , discourse , excursion , excursion , bankruptcy , courier (G) (original spelling Courier )	Kurieren comes from curare .
curvus	curved, bent	Curve , curvature
cūstōs ( Gen. cūstōdis)	Guardian, guardian	Sexton (L) , Curator , Curator , Custody	the latter actually foreign word to derive cūstōdia ("guard")
cutis ( Gen. cuticis)	Skin , leather	Cuticle , intracutaneous , percutaneous , subcutaneous	Cutis itself is a foreign word synonymous with Greek κύτος kýtos (a subsidiary form of σκῦτος skýtos ). Skin is etymologically related to cutis , but not a loan word. Not related: cowl , tripe .

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D.

origin	Importance of origin	Term in German	Remarks
damnāre (damnātum)	penalize, condemn	damn (L) , damn (L)
dare (date)	give	Date , dative , edition , editor , tradition	See also addere . Condition and its derivatives are not related, but rather derived from condicere .
dēbēre (dēbitum)	owe, owe, must	Debit , debtor , debit- (A) (as in debit card , debit system )
decem	ten	December , decet (I) , decimation , decimation , SI unit of measurement -dezi (as in decimeter ), decimal system , decime , dean dean's office	A decānus was a "superior of ten men". Ten is etymologically related to decem .
decorāre (decorātum)	adorn, decorate	Decoration , decor (G) ( decoration for short ), decorate, decorator (G)
dēfendere (dēfēnsum)	push away, defend	Defensive , defensive	as well as open compound to an extinct verb * fendere
dēficere (dēfectum)	dwindle, cease, lack, lose strength, let down	deficient, deficiency , defect , defect , defective , defect , deficit , deficit	Compound to facere
dēlectāre (dēlectātum)	delight	delect, dilettante (I)
dēlēre (dēlētum)	destroy, destroy	wipe (L) , Deleatur , deletion , Delete (A)
dēlinquere (dēlictum)	to commit a mistake, to blame, to perish	Delinquent , offense	as well as relinquere compound to linquere ("leave, leave behind, give up")
dēmōnstrāre (dēmōnstrātum)	prove, demonstrate, show	demonstrate , demonstration ( demo for short ), demonstratively	Composite to monstrare
dēns ( Gen. dentis)	tooth	dental , dentist , dentition	Tooth is etymologically related, but not a loan word.
dēnsus	tight	Densitometry , densitometer , condensation , condense , condenser , condensed milk , contrails
dēpōnere (dēpositum)	drop, give up	Dump , deposit , deposit, dump , deposit , depositary , deposition , depot (G)	Compound to ponere
dēsīderāre (dēsīderātum)	desire	desideratum
deus	God	deism
dexter ( Gen. dextrī)	right	Dextrose , dextrin
dīcere (dictum)	say speak	Dictum , diction , edict , verdict (A)	See also dictare .
dictāre (dictātum)	say, command, dictate repeatedly	poetry (L) , poet (L) , dictate, dictation , dictator , dictatorship	Intensivum from dicere , see also there.
this	Day, time	Diets (Membership Allowance), Journal (G) , Journalism (G) , Journalist (G)	Dieting is a derivative of medium latin dieta ( "fixed Day, meeting"); Diet (light food), on the other hand, is of Greek origin. See also meridies .
dīgerere (dīgestum)	drive apart, separate, divide, distribute, divide, organize	digest , digest , digestion , digestive , digestif (G) , digest (A)	Composite to gerere
digitus	finger	digital , digitization
dīlātāre (dīlātātum)	expand, expand, expand	Dilatation , dilator , dilatance
discrīmen ( Gen. discrīminis)	Crossing line / point, decision, distinction, difference, distance	Discriminant , Discrimination , Discriminator , Discrimination , Discriminate	Derived from cernere , compare also crimen .
discus	Throwing disc, discus , plate, plate	Discus, table (L) , desk (A) (as in desk sharing , desktop )	Discus itself is a foreign word to Greek δίσκος diskos "throwing disc, disc, plate, bowl".
discutere (discussum)	smash, dismantle, discuss	discuss, discussion , debater , debatable	Like percutere compound to quatere ( quassum ; "shake, hit"). Not related: cutis .
dīvīdere (dīvīsum)	share, separate	divide , dividend , divisio , division , dividuum , individual , currency (G) , currency (G)	not related to videre
dīvus, dīvīnus	divine	diva	Derivation from deus
docēre (doctum)	teach, teach	Lecturer , doctor , doctrine , doctrinal , indoctrination , indoctrinal	See also documentum
documentum	Teaching, example, proof, test, testimony	Document , document , documentation (short documentation ), documentalist / documentary , documentary	Derived from docere
dolēre (-)	Feel pain, regret	Indolence , condolence	Only the Futurpartizip dolitūrus has survived.
dominus	Mr	Dominance , dominant , dominate, dominant , dominican , domino (I) (clothing), condominate / condominium	Derivation from domus . The origin of the name for the game Dominoes is unclear - as is the origin of the game itself. The etymology of condom is also uncertain ; after some interpretations it is derived from domus or dominus , compare the corresponding section in the article condom .
domus	House	Dom , domicile	See also dominus .
dōnāre (dōnātum)	to give	Donor / donor
dorsum	move	Dorsum , dorsal , dorsalgia , dossier (G)	The latter is derived from the Latin minor form dossum .
dracō ( Gen. dracōnis)	Dragon	Dragon (L) , Dragon (L) , Dragoons (G)	Dracō itself is a foreign word to Greek δράκων drakōn ("snake, dragon"). Drakonisch is derived from the ancient Greek law reformer Drakon ( Δράκων ), who most likelygotthis name himself in relation to δράκων drakōn , possibly from the original literal meaning "the staring gazer " or because of a behavior compared to a snake.
dūcere (ductum)	pulling, guiding, guiding	Duktus , ductility , ductile , aqueduct , viaduct , educt , produce , product , production , tradukt , autopsy , subduction
duo	two	Duo , dual , dualism , dual system , duet (I)	Zwei is etymologically related to duo .
duplex	double folded, double, double	Duplex , duplication , duplicate , duplicity , double (G) / (A)	Compound derived from duo and plicare
dūrus	hard	Dur , thermoset

E.

origin	Importance of origin	Term in German	Remarks
efficere (effectum)	bring forth, create, effect	Effect , effective , efficiency	Compound to facere
ego	I	Ego , egoism , egocentrism , egocentrism	I is etymologically related to ego .
ēiaculārī (ēiaculātum)	hurl out, throw out, shoot up	ejaculate , ejaculate , ejaculation	Derivation from iacere
elementum	Raw material	Element , elementarization , word part elementary (as in elementary particle , unit cell , elementary domain )
ēligere (ēlēctum)	read out, select	Elect , electorate , elegance , elegant , elite (G) , elitist (G)	Compound to casual
ēminēre (-)	stick out	eminently, eminence	just like imminere and more prominent compound to an extinct verb * menēre ; related to mons
emplastrum	applied ointment, (medicinal) plaster	Plaster (L) (wound cover and floor covering), plaster (L)	Emplastrum itself is a foreign word synonymous with Greek ἔμπλαστρον émplastron . It was borrowed from the Middle Latin form plastrum ("plaster, mortar, paved floor"). Plastic and plastic are etymologically related, but of direct Greek origin.
errāre (errātum)	to be wrong	Erratum (often in the plural errata ), error , erratisch	Err and its derivatives such as straying and error are etymologically related to errare but no loan words.
eat (-)	be, exist	Ens , entity , essence , essential , essentialism , absenteeism , absence , interest , interesting, consensus , present , present , presentation , presence , cheers (of which cheers (L) , toast (L) ), quintessence	Ens ("being") is a late Latin education that would not have been possible in classical Latin ; the classic form would be * sens , which can only be found in compound words and the derived foreign words. Prosit is actually a conjugated form (3rd person singular present subjunctive active): "may it use / be beneficial". See also futurus , what actually the future participle is to be eaten .
exāmen ( Gen. exāminis)	Swarm (bees), amount, tip (on the scales), weighing, investigation, examination, judgment	Exam , Examination , examine
excellere (-)	stand out	Excellence , excellent
exemplum	Role model, example	Example , copy
exhibēre (exhibitum)	spend, deliver, (pre-) show, perform	Exhibitionism , exhibitionist	Composite to habere
exilium	exile	exile
expandere (expānsum / expassum)	spread out, relax	Expansion / expanding, expansive , expander (A)
expendere (expēnsum)	weigh up, weigh against each other, consider, pay out, pay, spend	donate (L) , donation (L) , locker (L) , expenses (I) , food (L) , dine (L)	Derivation from pendere 1 . It was borrowed from the Middle Latin form spendere and its derivation spēsa (previously spensa , in classical Latin expensa ).
experīrī (expertum)	to attempt	Experiment , Expert , Expertise (G)
externus	external, external	externally , externalization , Externat	Derivation from exter , compare extra
extra	outside	Extra  - also as a prefix (as in extrapolation , extraterrestrial , extravagance )	Adverb to exter ( "away team, located outside")
extrahere (extractum)	pull out, bring up	Extract , extraction / extraction
extrēmus	extreme	extreme, extremum , extremity , extremism	Superlative to external , compare extra

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F.

origin	Importance of origin	Term in German	Remarks
fabrica	Workshop	Factory , fabrication
fābula	narrative	Fable (L) , fabulate , confabulation	Derivation from fari , see fatum .
facere (factum)	make, do, perform, carry out, manufacture	Fact , factor , Faktorei (L) , factotum , invoice , invoicing , conclusion , part of word -fikation (as in Bonifikation , personification , qualification ) affect , affectation , infection , infection , manufacture , certification , Fasson (G) , benefit (G ) , Profit (G)	See also conficere , deficere , efficere , perficere , facies , facultas , officina, and officium .
faciēs	Texture, design, shape, appearance, face, figure, form	Facies , facade (G) , facet (G)	Derivation from facere
facultās	Ability, possibility	Faculty , optional	Derivation from facere
familia	House cooperative, family	family
fānum	Sanctuary, consecrated place	Fanaticism , fanatic  - from it the abbreviation Fan (A) , profane	related to fatum , feriae and festus
farcīre (fartum)	cram	Infarct , farce (G) , minced meat (G)
fascināre (fascinātum)	enchant, bewitch	fascinate , fascination , fascination	not related to fascis ; also not related: Mardi Gras
fascis	Bundle, bundle	Fascia , fascine (I) , fascism (I)	not related to fascinare ; also not related: Mardi Gras
fātum	Divine proposition, fate	Fatalism , fatality , fatal, mirage (I)	actually PPP from fāri (“speak, say”); related to fabula , fanum and infans
favēre (fautum)	favor	favourite
febris	Fever , heat	Fever (L) , febrile
fēlix ( Gen. fēlīcis)	happy	Felix , Felicitas
fellāre (fellātum)	suck	fellatio
fēmina	woman	feminine , feminism , feminine
fenestra	window	Window (L)
fēriae	Vacations , public holidays, rest days, free time	Holidays (L) , celebration (L) , celebrate (L)	related to fanum , fatum and especially festus
fermentāre (fermentātum)	Fermentation, sourdough	Fermentation / fermentation , ferment , fermenter (A)
ferre (lātum)	carry, bear, bring	Conference , conifer , lucifer , offer (G) , offer (G) , preference , transfer (A)	Many words are derived from the PPP , see under latus 2 . See also referre .
ferrum	iron	Ferrite , part of the word ferro- (as in ferromagnetism , ferrocement )
fertilis	productive, fertile	Fertilization , fertility , fertile , infertile
fēstus	festive, solemn, feast , feast day	Fest (L) (celebration), festive (L) , Fete (G) (actually Fête )	related to fanum , fatum and especially feriae ; not related: solid (hard, constant) and derivatives thereof (such as fortress , fortress , [fasten], mainland , determination )
fibra	fiber	Fiber , fiberglass , fibril
fidēs	loyalty	fidel ("funny, happy"), perfidious , perfidy (L)
fiducia	Trust; Courage	Fiduciarity , fiduz
fīgere (fīxum)	prick, staple	Fixation , fixation , fixum, fix, prefix , infix , suffix , affix
figūra	Shape, body	figure
fīlia	daughter	branch	The joking name Filius actually only stands for "son".
filtrum	Felt , dense hair tissue	Filter , filtration / filtration	Filz is not a loan word, but the Middle Latin filtrum arosethrough Latinization from an earlier language form of this Germanic word; etymologically related to pellere .
fīlum	thread	filigree , filament
findere (fissum)	split, divide	Fission , fissure	not related: to find
fingere (fictum)	form, shape	Fiction , fictional , fictionalization	not related: fingers
fīnis	Limit, goal, end, ultimate	Finale , final , finite, infinite , infinitesimal , infinitive , definitive, definition , fine (L) (G)	fein via the old French fin ("tender, pure, excellent") from the transferred meaning "extreme" as "best"
firmus	firm, strong, permanent	Company , firmament , confirmation , confirmation
fiscus	(Money) basket	Treasury , fiscal , fiscal (as in fiscal policy , fiscal union , fiscal year ), fiscalism , confiscation / confiscation
fistula	Tube, pipe arrows	Fistula , fistulous voice
flagellum	Whip, scourge	Flagellation , flagellants , flagellantism , flagellates
flagrāre (flagrātum)	burn bright	Deflagration , red-handed
flāre (flātum)	blow	Deflation , inflation , flatulence
flectere (flexum)	bend, twist, turn	Flexion , flexibility , flexible , flexidisc (A)	See also reflectere .
flōs ( Gen. flōris)	blossom	Flor , floral, floristry , empty phrase , defloration
flūctus	flood	Fluctuation , fluctuate	Derivation of fluere ; Flood is etymologically related, but not a loan word.
fluere (flūxum)	flow	Fluid , Flux , Influenz , Influenza (I) , Influencer (A) , Reflux	In Old Latin , the PPP was still called flūctum ; see also fluctus . Flow and discharge as flow and flow are etymologically related.
focus	Fireplace, stove	Focus , focal , focusing , foyer (G)
fodere (fossum)	dig	Fossil , fossilization
foedus	Treaty, alliance	Federalism , federation
folium	leaf	Slide , tome
folliculus	Leather pouches, pouches	follicle	Diminutive to follis ("leather sack, pouch")
fōns ( Gen. fontis)	source	Fountain , fontanel , font (A)
forāre (forātum)	drill	Perforation / perforation
fōrmāre (formātum)	shape, shape, create	form , formation , form , formal , formal , format , formation , formula , formulation , performative , performance , performance (A)	See also informare .
fortis	strong, brave	Fortification , Fort (G) , Forte (I) , Pianoforte (I)
Forum	Marketplace	Forum , forensics
frangere (frāctum)	(break	Fragment , fracture , fraction , diffraction , refraction , refractor
frāter	Brothers	Fraternize , fraternity	Brother is etymologically related, but not a loan word.
frequēns ( Gen. frequentis)	numerous, often	frequency
fricāre (fric [ā] tum)	rub off	Friction , fricative , affricate , frottage (G) , terrycloth (G) , terrycloth (G)
frīgidus	cold, frosty	Frigidity , frigid
frōns ( Gen. frontis)	forehead	Front (G) , frontal , confrontation , confrontational , confront
frūctus	Enjoyment, profit	Fruit (L) , fructose
frūstrā	in vain	Frustration (short frustration )
fuga	Escape	Gap
fūmus	Smoke, haze	Fumarole , perfume (G)
fundere (fūsum)	Pour, pour, melt	Fusion , infus , infusion , infusoria , confusion , confusor	not related to fundus
fundus	Ground, ground	Fundus , foundation , fund (G) , fund (G)	not related to fundere
fungī (functum)	perform, manage	act, function
for about	fork	Fork (L) , bifurcation , Furka pass
furia, furor	Anger, frenzy	Fury , furor , furore , furious
futurus	future	Future , futurism , futuristic	actually the future participle of esse ("the one who will be")

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G

origin	Importance of origin	Term in German	Remarks
fun	joy	Gaudi
gelū, gelum	Cold , frost , ice	Gelatine (I) (short gel ), jelly (G)	See also glacies .
geminī	Twins	Gemination , Geminids
gemma	bud	Gem
generāre (generātum)	generate, create, produce, descend	generate, generative , generation , generator , degeneration , degenerate , regeneration , regenerate, regenerative , regenerator	Derivation from genus , see also note there; related to genius .
genius	Genius (Roman Guardian Spirit)	Genius , genius (G)	Related to generare and genus . The (closely related) ingenium (“character, talent, spirit, wit”) also had a strong influence on the shift in meaning of genius .
genus ( Gen. generis)	Gender, parentage	Genus , general  - also in compound words (such as, in addition to military ranks, in general director , general secretary , general key , general suspicion ), generality , generalization , generalize , general, genre (G) , gender (A) , transgender (A)	Words that are derived from etymologically closely related Greek terms such as γένος génos and γένεσις génesis are to be separated from this, see the list of Greek word stems in German foreign words . See also generare ; related to genius .
gerere (gestum)	carry, perform, accomplish	Gesta , gesture , gestures , gerund , gerundive	See also digerere and registrum .
glaciēs	ice	Glacial , Glaciology , Glacier (L)	Smoothness and baldness are etymologically related, but not loan words. See also gelu .
gladiolus	(small) sword	gladiolus	Diminutive to gladius ("sword")
globe	Lump, ball	Globe , global, globalization , globulus	related to glomerare
glomerāre (glomerātum)	clump, huddle together	Glomerulus , agglomeration , conglomerate	Related to globus : The verb is derived from its subsidiary form glomus .
glōria	Fame	Gloria , Glorie , glorios, Gloriole , Gloriette (G)
gradus	step	Degrees , gradually, gradient , gradient , gradation , graduation
grandis	big	grandiose, Grand (G) (e.g. as coarse sand , solo game in Skat or in Grand Prix , as Anglicism in Grand Slam )
grānum	grain	Gran , granite , granularity
graphium, graphius	Writing instrument, metal pen (for writing on wax tablets)	Stylus (L)	Graphium itself is a foreign word synonymous with Greek γραφεῖον graphé͞ion , graphius is a Middle Latin form of it. For the stem γραφ- graph- see more in the list of Greek stem in German foreign words . Today's German word form is strongly influenced by the reference to an earlier form of the verb grip (compare also the New High German handle ). At the time of classical Latin , the word stilus was used to describe the writing instrument .
grātus	grateful, pleasant	free, gratuity , congratulations
gravis	heavy in weight	Gravimetry , gravidity , gravitation
grossus	thick, coarse	Groschen (L)	not related: great
gurguliō	Throat, throat	Gargle (L)
gustāre (gustātum)	taste, taste, enjoy, find taste	gustatory (as in gustatory perception ), degustation , gusto (I) , goutieren (G)	Costs in the local sense of “taste, try” is etymologically related; to taste in the other sense see stare .
gutta	drops	Guttation
guttur	Throat, throat	guttural
gypsum	Plaster of paris, plaster of paris	Plaster of paris (L)	Gypsum itself is a foreign word to the Greek γύψος gypsos ("chalk, plaster").

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H

origin	Importance of origin	Term in German	Remarks
habēre (habitum)	have, own, hold, keep, hold on, contain	Habit , Habit , habitat , habituation / habituation , habitually , Habitual , habilitation , Habitué (G)	See also exhibere , inhibere, and praebere .
haerēre (-)	get stuck, stick, stick, stick, linger	Adhesion , adhesive , inherence , coherence , cohesion , cohesive	Only the Futurpartizip haesūrus has survived. The PPP is known from some compound nouns of the verb . Therefore one can formally form a PPP * haesum .
hālāre (hālātum)	breath	inhale , inhalandum , inhalation , inhaler , exhalation
hallūcinātio	Daydreaming, talking without memory	hallucination
haurīre (home)	scoop up, swallow	Haustorium , exhaustor , exhaustion , exhaustivity
herba	Herb, plant	Herbarium , herbivorous , herbicide
hiāre (hiātum)	stand open, open your mouth, yawn	hiatus
homō ( Gen. hominis)	human	Homunculus , hominids , hominization , homocide , homunculus	A distinction must be made between many derivatives with the Greek-based prefixes homo- and homeo- , see the list of Greek prefixes and the list of Greek word stems in German foreign words .
honor	honor	Fee , dignitary , honor, honorific
horror	Stare, shudder, horror	horror	not related: Horrido or Horridoh
hortus	garden	Horticulture , hortisol , hydrangea	Garden is etymologically related, but not a loan word. See also cohors .
hospes ( Gen. hospitis)	Guest, host, host	Hospital , hospital (L) , hospice (L) , hospitalism , observation
hostia	Sacrifice (animal)	Host
hūmānus	human, cultured, (human) friendly	human , humanism , humanity , inhumanity	related to homo
humor	Moisture, liquid	Humor , humid , humidor	Not related to humus , but folk etymologically connected with it, hence the initial H - originally the word was ūmor .
humus	Earth, soil, earth	Humus , humic matter , exhumation	not related to humor

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I, J

The letter J is of the alternative spelling consonant arisen I that in the late Middle Ages had come, more accurate in the article to the letter J . It does not appear in classical Latin, so that an origin with I must be sought for a loan or foreign word with J.

origin	Importance of origin	Term in German	Remarks
iacere (iactum)	throw, lay, pose	Adjective , ejecta , ejection , ejector , object , objective , objectivity , project , projection , projector , subject , subjective , subjectivity , traject	See also eiaculari .
īdem	same	identical , identity , identitarian , identification / identification
īgnōrāre (īgnōrātum)	don't know, don't know	ignore , ignorance
imāgō	image	Imago , Image (A)
imitārī (imitātum)	to imitate	Imitation , impersonator
imminēre (-)	rise in, rise up, strive (for something), dominate	imminent	just like eminere and more prominent compound to an extinct verb * menēre ; related to mons
impedīre (impedītum)	prevent	Impedance
imperāre (imperātum)	command, control	Imperative , imperialism , imperial
indicāre (indicātum)	Show	Indicative , indication , indicator , index
indūstria	diligent activity, enterprise, diligence	Industry
īnfāns ( Gen. infantis)	dumb, little child, childlike, childish	infantil , infantilism , infantilization , infant (H) , infantry (I) , enfant terrible (G)	Derivation from fari , see fatum ; infans describes a being that cannot (yet) speak, like (very) small children. Later in language development, however, the word was used for all children, and in Italian for common soldiers as well.
īnfernus	lower, below, underground	Inferno (I)
infōrmāre (informātum)	train, teach, represent, describe, imagine (something)	inform, information , informative , informal , computer science	Composite to formare
īnfrā	below	infrared , infrasound , infrastructure	Adverb to infernus
inhibēre (inhibitum)	stop, hold back, hold back, inhibit	Inhibition / inhibition , inhibitor , inhibitor	Composite to habere
instruere (instrūctum)	insert, set up, manufacture, erect, teach, instruct	Instruction , instruct , instructor , instrument , instrumental , instrumentation / instrumentation	Composite to struere
īnsula	island	Island (L) , insulin , isolation (I) , isolator (I) , isolation (I)	The latter are to be distinguished from derivatives of sol .
intellegere (intellēctum)	perceive, recognize, understand, understand	intelligent , intelligence , intellect , intellectual , intellectual , intellectualism , intellectualization	Compound of inter and casual . The derivation of the foreign words was partly from the subsidiary form intelligere .
inter	between	Prefix inter- (as in intermittent , intermolecular , international , interpretation , intersexual , internet (A) )
internus	inside, inside	Boarding school , internist , intimacy , privacy	Derivation from inter
intrā	within	intramuscular , intravenous (and other medical terms), intramolecular , introverted , intranet (A)	Adverb to inter
invādere (invāsum)	penetration	invasion
iocus	Kidding, fun	Jokus , Jux (L)
īre (itum)	go	Abitur , exitus , past tense
iterum	again, for the second time	Iteration , iterative	Derivation from ire
iungere (iūnctum)	connect, unite, join together, harness (animals)	junction , adjoint , adjunction , adjunct , disjoint , disjunctive, disjunction , injunction , injective , conjugation , conjugate , conjunction , subjunction , subjunctive	Yoke is etymologically related.
iūs ( Gen. iūris)	Law	Law , jurist , jurisdiction , judiciary , justice , adjustment , just (G)	The name of the Jura Mountains is of Celtic origin.
iuvenis	young, youthful	Junior , juvenile

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K

In Latin, the letter K is very rare, it does not appear in the interior of the word, the C is used instead. The origin of German loanwords with K can therefore mainly be found under C (C before a, o, u ).

origin	Importance of origin	Term in German	annotation
Kalendae	Calendar (the first day of the month)	calendar	In classical Latin times , this word, too, was usually spelled with C ( Calendae ) when it was written out . Mostly, however, the abbreviation was used in excess of the hours unchanged "Kal." Remained.

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L.

origin	Importance of origin	Term in German	Remarks
lābī (lāpsum)	slide, float, sink, fall	Instability , unstable , lapse , collapse , avalanche	Avalanche is borrowed from Alpine Romance languages .
labium	lip	labial
labōrāre (labōrātum)	strive, work, suffer	Laboratory ( laboratory for short ), labor , dismantling , elaboration , elaborate , elaborated , collaboration
lac ( Gen. lactis)	milk	Lactose , lactate , lactation , lettuce (L)	Galactose is derived from the synonymous, etymologically related Greek word γάλα gála .
lacus	Tub, lake	Lacuna , lagoon (I)
laedere (laesum)	bump, hurt	damage , lesion , blemish , collision
lāmentāri (lāmentātum)	lament	lament , lament (I)
lāmina	thin plate	Lamina , laminate , lamination , lamella (G) , tinsel (I)
lancea	Javelin	Lance , lancet (G)
lapis	stone	lapidary , lapidary , lapis lazuli
larva	Ghost , mask of the actor	Larva , expose
latēre (-)	to be hidden	Latency , latent	not related to laterna and latus 1
laterna	Candlestick , torch , lantern	Lantern	Laterna and the older form lanterna are late Latin borrowings of synonymous Greek λαμπτήρ lampt .r . Not related to latere and latus 1 .
latus 1 ( Gen. lateris)	page	Lateralization , lateral , unilateral , bilateral , multilateral	not related to latere and laterna
lātus 2 ( Gen. lāti)	worn, produced	Ablative , Adlatus , Elativ , Oblate , Prelate , Relation , Relativity , Translation	PPP from ferre
laus ( Gen. laudis)	praise	Laudation , cum laude , magna cum laude , summa cum laude	unrelated: louse
lavāre (lavātum / lautum / lōtum)	wash, bathe	Lavatory , lavender , latrine , lotion (G)	See also luere .
laxus	limp, loose	lax, laxative	See also relaxare .
legāre (legātum)	instruct to send as envoy	Legate , Legation Secretary , Delegation / Delegate , Delegate	Derivation from lex and thus indirectly from casual
casual (lēctum)	collect, choose, read	read (L) , read (L) (harvest), legend , legendary , legion , lesson , lecturer , selection , sacrilege	Dialect is the etymologically related Greek verb διαλέγεσθαι dialégesthai ( "talk to someone") is derived. See also colligere , eligere , intellegere, and lex .
lētum	death	lethal
levāre (levātum)	facilitate, elevate	Levant (I) , relevance , irrelevant , relief (G)
lēx ( Gen. lēgis)	Commandment, law	Lex , legality , legal , illegality , illegal , legitimate , legitimation , delegitimize , delegitimize , illegitimate , illegitimacy , legislature , legislature	Derivation of casual ; see also collegium , legare and privilegium .
lībella	(small) scales	Dragonfly , level (A) , leveling (G) , leveling (G) , level (G)	Diminutive to libra ; Libell is derived from liber 1 . In later times, the meaning narrowed to spirit level . A distinction must be made between a few words starting with Niv- whose meaning has something to do with snow, see under nothing .
liber 1 ( Gen. librī)	Book, writing	Libell , libretto (I)	The diminutive is called libellum ; Dragonfly is derived from libella .
līber 2 ( Gen. līberī)	free	liberal , liberalism , livery (G) , delivery (G) (L) , supplier (G) (L) , deliver (G) (L)
lībra	Libra, balance	Libration , equilibration , equilibrist , equilibration , lira (I) (currency), livre (G)	See also diminutive libella . For the various currencies known as lira , see the article pound as currency .
licēre (licitum)	be allowed	License , licentiate
ligāre (ligātum)	bind together, connect	Ligature , League (H) , Legato (I) , Alloy (I) , Alliance (G) , Allies (G)	See also obligatory .
līgnum	Wood	lignin
līmen ( Gen. līminis)	threshold	a limine , ad limina visit , elimination , subliminal	See also limes and sublimis .
līmes ( Gen. līmitis)	Grenzweg, Grenzwall	limit, limitation , limit (A)	related to limen
lingua	Tongue, language	Linguistics , lingual , bilingualism , multilingual , cunnilingus
līnum	Flax , flax , linen , thread	Lein (L) , Linen (L) , Leine (L) (rope), Line (L) , Ruler , Lineament , Linoleum , Alinea , Alignment (A)
liquidus	liquid, clear	Liquidity , liquidation , liquor , liqueur (G)
lira	Furrow, path	delirium	The various currencies of some countries, called lira , are derived from libra , see pound as a currency .
littera	Letter, handwriting, letter	Litterae , literature , literary man , letter (G) , alliteration , illiteracy
lītus ( Gen. lītoris)	Coast, shore, beach	littoral
locus	Place	Locus , local, local , locality , locative , locant , delocalization , collocation	Not related: loqui , words with the word component -lokut- are derived from this.
longus	long	longitudinal , longitude , elongation , prolongation , prolonged	Lang is etymologically related, but not a loan word.
loquī (locūtum)	speak	Eloquence , eloquent, allocation , delocution , colloquium , colloquial	not related: locus
lucrum	Profit, advantage	lucrative
lūdere (lūsum)	play	Allusion , illusion , illusionist , illusory , disillusion (G) , collusion	not related: Lude , Luder
luere (lūtum)	wash, rinse	Alluvium , Diluvium , Dilution , Elution	Was only used in compound words. See also lavare ; unrelated: syphilis .
lumbus	loin	Lumbago , low back pain , lumbar puncture
lūmen ( Gen. lūminis), lūx ( Gen. lūcis)	light	Lumen , Lumineszenz , Luminol , Illumination , Illuminati , Lux , Lucifer , Illustration (G) , Illustrator (G) , illustrativ (G) , illuster (G)
lūna	moon	Mood (L) , moody (L) , tempered (L)	The borrowing is to be understood through the influence of medieval astrology: the changing phases of the moon exerted a strong influence on the state of mind according to the opinion of the time.
lupus	wolf	lupine
luxāre (luxātum)	dislocate	dislocation
lūxuria	Abundance, opulence	Luxury , luxurious
lympha	(clear water	lymph	Lympha is itself a loan word from the Greek νύμφη nýmphe "nymph", metonymically "spring, river water". In Latin it was initially called lumpa , which was later brought back into line with Greek.

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M.

origin	Importance of origin	Term in German	Remarks
macula	spot	Macula , blemish (L) , waste	unrelated: broker , broker
magister ( Gen. magistrī)	Headmaster, teacher	Magister , Master (L) , Magistrate	Derived from magis , the adverb of magnus
māgnus	big	Magnum , Magnificence , Magnitude , Magnitudo , Magistrale	The latter is derived from the adverb magis ("more, stronger, better, to a higher degree"). See also the comparative maior and superlative maximus .
māior	greater	Major , Majority , Majesty , Majuskel , Hausmeier	Comparative to magnus . The family name Meier and its spelling variants are also derived from it.
malus	bad bad	Malus , malignancy , malignant , malaria (I) , malicious, damned (L)	See also comparative peior and superlative pessimus . Malate , maleate and malonate are derived from mālus (" apple tree "; long a).
mamma	Mammary gland	Mammalia , mammal , mammatus
mānāre (mānātum)	stream	Emanation , immanation
mancus	mutilated, deficient	Mankus / Mankuse , deficiency (I)
manēre (mānsum)	stay	Immanence , permanence , permanent, remanence , menage (G) , menagerie (G)
mantum, mantus	short coat	Mantle (L) , Manta (H) (rays)	The Latin word itself is believed to be of Iberoceltic origin. The German word was borrowed from the diminutive mantellum (“shell, cover”, actually “very short coat”).
manus	hand	Manual , manual , manifest , manicure , manipulation , manufacture , manuscript , mandate , manner (G) , mannerly (G) , mannerism (G) , manege (G)
mappa	Mouth towel	Folder (L)
mare	sea	Maar (L) , marina , marine , maritime , ultramarine , marinate (G) , marinade (G)	Sea is etymologically related, but not a loan word, as is moor and morass .
margō ( Gen. marginis)	edge	marginal , marginality , marginalization
mās	male	masculine , masculine
māter ( Gen. mātris)	mother	maternal , matrix , matriculation , matrix (G) , matron , matriculation , matriculate , matrilinear , matriarchy	Mother is etymologically closely related, but not a loan word. Matriarchy is an analogy to patriarchy , which is purely Greek. See also materia ; compare father .
māteria	Lumber, fabric	Matter , material , materialism	Derivation of mater
mātūrus	ripe	Matura
mātūtīnus	morning	Mette (L) , Matinee (G)
māximus	biggest, very big	Maximum , maximum , maxim	Superlative to magnus
meāre (meātum)	go, walk	Permeation , permeability , permeance , permease
medicus	doctor	Medicus , medicine , drug , medicamentous , medication	Derivation from medius , meaning: "mediator"
medius	middle	Medium , median , mediation , mediator , mediatization , medieval studies , Mediterranean , mezzo-soprano (I) , intermediate , intermezzo (I)	Meditation is of Greek origin.
melior	better	Melioration , melioration	Comparative to bonus
membrāna	Skin, cuticle	membrane
memoria	Memory, memory	Memorie , memorize , memorabile , memorabilia , memorandum
mēns ( Gen. mentis)	Mind, mind, thinking	mental , mentality , comment , dementia , denial (G) , deny (G)
canteen	Table, blackboard	canteen
mēnsis	month	Menstruation , semester , trimester	Month , like moon, is etymologically related. Semester : "six months" (lasting six months), trimester : "three months ".
mēnsūra	Measurement, measure	Scale , commensalism , dimension
merēre (meritum)	to earn	Merits , emeritus , retirement
mergere (mersum)	immerse, sink	Immersion
meridies	Noon	Meridian , meridional , ante meridiem (am), post meridiem (pm)	Compound from medius and this
merx ( Gen. mercis)	Would	Market (L) , Sutler (L) , mercantilism , commerce , commercial
migrāre (migrātum)	hike	Migration , emigration , immigration
mīles ( Gen. mīlitis)	Warrior, soldier	Military , militant , militia , fellow students
mīlle, mīlia	a thousand, thousands	Mile (L) , Meiler (L) , per mille , SI unit of measurement milli- (as in millimeters , milligrams )
mina	Ore mine, mine	Mine , mineral
minimus	smallest, very small	Minimum , minim , minimal	Superlative to parvus
minister	servant	Minister , Ministry , ministerial , acolyte	Derivative of minus
minium	Red lead	Red lead (L) , miniature
minor	smaller, younger	Minority , part of the word mini- (as in minigolf , miniskirt , miniseries )	Comparative to parvus ; see also minus .
minus	smaller, less	Minus , minuscule , minuend , minute , minuet (G) , diminutive	Neuter and adverb to minor ; for the most part it was derived from the derivative minuere ( minūtum ; "diminish, diminish, diminish, weaken").
mīrus	wonderful, amazing	Mira , miracle	The formation Mirabelle (G) ("beautiful miracle") is a folk etymology . It is very likely that the word derives from the Greek μυροβάλανος myrobálanos ("Gewürzeichen") - the fruits are visually similar.
miscēre (mistum / mixtum)	Mix	mix (L) , mix cell , mixture ( mix for short ), mixer , mottled (G) , mottled gray (G) , melange (G)
miserable	miserable, unhappy, pathetic, pathetic, sick	miserable, misery (G)
middle (missum)	send, send, let go	Fair (L) , fair (L) , mission , missionary , emission , immission , commission , permittivity , permitting , premise , transmission , transmitter (A)
mōbilis	movable	mobile , mobile , mobility , perpetual motion , furniture (G) , furnished (G)	Derivation from movere
mode	Measure, manner	Mode , modal , modality , modulus , module , mode (G)
mola	Millstone , mill	Mühle (L) , Müller (L) , Molar (tooth)	This must be distinguished from derivatives of moles .
mōlēs	Mass, load, gigantic structure	Mole , molecule , mole , molarity , molar (based on an amount of substance), demolition	A derivation of mola must be distinguished from this .
mollis	soft	chubby, minor , mollusk
monēre (monitum)	remember, admonish	Monitor , Monitoring (A) , Monument , Moneten , Coin (L)	The latter two are derived from Iuno Moneta .
mōns ( Gen. montis)	Mountain, rock, mountain range	Word part montan (such as in the mining industry , Mont property , Montan Sciences ), mounting (G) , mount (G) , mounting (G) , fitter (G) , gear (G) , disassembly (G) , disassemble (G)	related to eminere , imminere and prominere
mōnstrāre (mōnstrātum)	show, indicate	Monstrance , monster , monster , monstrous, pattern (I)	See also demonstrare .
mora	Delay, stay	Mora / More , moratorium
morī (mortuum)	to die	Mortality , amortization , ante mortem , post mortem
mortārium	mortar	Mortar (L) , mortar (L)
mōrum	Mulberry	Morula	Morum itself is a foreign word synonymous with Greek μόρον móron ; however, it was borrowed from the minor form μῶρον mṓron (compare length of the first o ).
mōs ( Gen. mōris)	custom	Morality , morality , amoralism , demoralization
movēre (mōtum)	cause move	Motor , motive , motivation , demotivation / demotivation , emotion , promoter , promotion , promoter (A)	See also mobilis . Motto comes from muttire .
mulgēre (mulctum)	milking	Emulsion , emulsify , emulsifier	Milking , whey and milk are etymologically related, but not loan words.
multiplex ( Gen. multiplicis)	much	multiplex , multiple (as in multiple sclerosis , multiple organ failure ), multiplication , multiply , multiplicity	Derivation from multus and plicare
multus	much	Prefix multi- (as in multimedia (A) , multimillionaire )	See also multiplex and plus .
mūnīre (mūnītum)	fasten, secure	ammunition	See also murus .
murus	Wall	Wall (L) , Muralismo (H) , Mural (A)	Derivation of munire
musca	Fly	Muscarin , mosquito (H)	not related: muscus
muscus	musk	Musk (L) , nutmeg	Muscus is late Latin (and must be distinguished from muscus ["moss"]) and is itself borrowed from the Middle Greek μόσχος móschos , but the origin is to be sought in ancient Indian . Not related: musca .
mustum	young wine, must	Most (L) ( juice and regional apple wine ), Mostrich (L)
mūtāre (mūtātum)	change	mutate, mutant , mutation , commutation , commutation , commutative (as in commutative law )
muttīre (muttītum)	talk softly	Motto (I)

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N

origin	Importance of origin	Term in German	Remarks
nāscī (nātum)	to be created, to be born, to arise, to spring, to descend, to descend	nascent , status nascendi , native , naive (G)	See also natio and natura
nāsus	nose	Nose (L) , nasal , nasality , nasalization
nātiō ( Gen. nātiōnis)	Birth, origin, ethnic group	Nation , national , international , multinational	Derivative of nasci ; Boarding school comes from internus .
nātūra	Shape, quality, disposition, essence, peculiarity, nature	Nature , in kind , naturalism , nature	Derivation from nasci
nāvigāre (nāvigātum)	sailing, going to sea	Navigation , navigator , navigation system ( Navi for short )
necāre (necātum)	kill	pernicious
nectere (nexum)	tie	Annex , annexation , connexity , connective , connection
negāre (negātum)	deny, fail	negative , negation , negate , negationism
nepōs ( Gen. nepōtis)	Grandchildren, nephew	Nephew (L) , nepotism
nervous	Tendon, muscle, nerve	Nerve, nerve, nervousness , nervous
neuter ( Gen. neutrī)	neither of them)	Neutrality , neutral , neutralization , neuter , neutron , neutrino
niger ( Gen. nigrī)	(glossy) black	Nigrin , Negro (H) , Negride , Nigeria , Niger , Montenegro (I)	Compare also ater .
nihil	Nothing	Nihilism , annihilation
nimbus	Cloud, halo	nimbus
nitidus	shiny, pure, clean	net (I)
nothing ( Gen. nivis)	snow	Nivalität , nivales air , Nivalstufe , nivation	Level and derivatives are derived from libella .
nōbilis	known, posh	noble, ennobling
nocturnus	nocturnal	sober (L) , Nocturnal , Nokturn , Nokturne	Derivation from nox
nōdus	node	Nodus
nōmen ( Gen. nōminis)	Surname	Noun , nominal , nominalism , nominative , nomination , reputation (G) , renowned (G)	Anomaly comes from the Greek ἀνωμαλία anomalía ("unevenness, irregularity").
norma	Square measure, guide line, yardstick	Norm , normal , normality , standardization , normalization , abnormality , abnormal / abnormal
nota	Indicator, characteristic	Nota , note , notation , note , notation
novem	nine	November	Nine is etymologically related, but not a loan word; not related to novus .
novus	new, young	Nova , novelty , novella , novelty , novice , innovation	not related to novem
nox ( Gen. noctis)	night	Equinox	See also nocturnus . Nacht is etymologically related, but not a loan word.
nūllus	no	Zero , zeroing , cancellation
number	number	Number (L) , numbering , numeral , numeric , numerus clausus
nūntiāre (nūntiātum)	Report	Nunciature , nuncio , denunciation
nucleus	Nuts, (nut) core	Nucleus , nucleic , nuclide , word part nuclear (as in nuclear plant , nuclear medicine , nuclear weapon )	Diminutive of nux (Gen. nucis ), "nut"; the German word is etymologically related, but not a loan word.

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O

origin	Importance of origin	Term in German	Remarks
obligāre (obligātum)	bind, connect, oblige, pledge, make yourself guilty	Bond , obligate , compulsory, commitment , Obligato (I)	Compound to ligare
obscūrus	dark, gloomy	obscure , obscurity
occultus	hidden	occult , occultism , occultation
octō	eight	October , octave , octave , octet (I)	The latter is the relatinised form of Italian otetto . Eight is etymologically related, but not a loan word.
oculus	eye	Eyepiece , budding / grafting , inoculation , monocles , binoculars , binocular	Eye is etymologically related, but not a loan word.
odōr	odor	Odor , odorization , deodorant (G) (short Deo )
offendere	attack	Offensive , offensive	as well as defendere compound to an extinct verb * fendere
officīna	Workshop, workshop, work space	Offizin , official / officinal	unlike officium, derived from opus and facere
officium	Service, duty	Official , official offense , official	unlike officina, derived from ops ("property, help, assistance", related to opus ) and facere
oleum	Oil (especially olive oil )	Oleum , oil (L) , oil (L) , oiling (L) , olive , olive (shade), carbolineum , linoleum , petroleum	Oleum is itself a loan word synonymous with Greek ἔλαιον élaion .
ōmen ( Gen. ōminis)	Sign, premeaning	Omen , ominous
omnis	everyone, all, whole	Omnibus , omnium , omnismus , prefix omni- (as in omnipotence , omnipresence , omnivorous )	Omnibus is actually the dative plural of omnis ("all, for all").
operāri (operātum)	be active, work	Sacrifice (L) , Sacrifice (L) , Operand , Operat , Operator , Operation	Derivation from opus
optāre (optātum)	wish, choose	OptAnt , option , Opting , opting , opt , adoption , adoptive , cooptation / co-option / co-optation
optimus	best, very good	Optimal , optimal , optimism , optimization	Superlative to bonus
opulentus	rich, wealthy	opulent	Derivation of ops ("property, help, assistance", related to opus )
opus ( Gen. operis)	Work, activity, work	Opus , opera , oeuvre (G)	See also officina and operari .
ōrāre (ōrātum)	talk, ask	Oration , oratory , oracle	Oracle is derived from the derivative ōrāculum ("saying, prophecy, prophecy"). Related to ōs 2 .
orbis	Circle, disk	Orbital , orbit (A)
ōrdō ( Gen. ōrdinis)	Row, order , status, condition	Order (L) , order (L) , arrange (L) , ordinary (L) , ordinal , ordinarium , ordination , subordination , insubordination , ordinary (G)
organum	Tool, instrument, musical instrument	Organ , organic , organism , organization , organize , organist , organistrum , organ (L) , organs (L)	Organum itself is a foreign word to Greek ὄργανον órganon ("tool, device, instrument, sensory tool").
orīrī (ortum)	rise, arise, appear, begin	Orient , orientation	Derived from the PPA oriēns ("arising, appearing"). Not related: location and derivatives thereof ( location , location ).
ōrnāre (ōrnātum)	equip, decorate	Regalia , ornament
os 1 ( Gen. ossis)	bone	ossification	Words beginning with osteo- are derived from the etymologically closely related, synonymous Greek word ὀστέον ostéon , compare the list of Greek word stems in German foreign words .
ōs 2 ( Gen. ōris)	Mouth, opening	oral , ostium	related to orare
oscillāre (oscillātum)	swing	oscillate , oscillation , oscillator , oscilloscope
ostendere (ostentum / ostensum)	show, perform	ostensive , ostension , ostentatious, ostensory	See note at os 1 .
ovāre (ovātum)	to cheer	ovation	not related to ovum
ovum	egg	oval , ovary , ovulation , ovulum , ovism / ovulism	Not related to ovare ; Ei is etymologically related.

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P

origin	Importance of origin	Term in German	Remarks
pactum	Agreement, contract	Pact , lease (L) , tenant (L)
pāgella	(small) page, column, later also: scale	Level (L) , bearing (L) , aiming (L)	Diminutive of pagina
pāgina	Sheet, paper, page	Pagina , pagination , pager (A) , paging (A)	Derived: Page (A) ([ peɪdʒ ], "Page"); not related: Page (G) ([ ˈpaːʒə ], "noble boy, chamber boy"); see under Page . See also pagella .
palātium	palace	Palace (L) , Palas (L) , Pfalz (L) , Palais (G) , Paladin (I) , Platinum (H)	Derived from the Palatine Hill in Rome The board comes from plattus .
palātum	palate	palatal
pallium	coat	Palliation , palliative , paletot (G)
palma	(flat hand	Palm , palmette (G) , palm (A)	Palm both as a unit of measurement and as a compact, portable computer that can be held with one hand (see also handheld ).
pālus	Stake	Post (L) , palisade (G)
pānis	loaf	breading , buddy , companion (G) , company (G)
pantex ( Gen. panticis)	Belly, belly	Rumen (L) , carapace (L)	Rumen is derived from the plural pantices ("entrails, intestines").
pāpiliō ( Gen. pāpiliōnis)	Butterfly, tent	Papilionazeen , Papillon (G) , Pavillon (G)
papilla	(Breast) wart, teat	Papilla , papilloma , papillomavirus , word part papillary (as in papillary ridge , papillary layer )
par	equal	pari , pair (L) , parity , parity , disparity , comparative , comparation , comparative
parāre (parātum)	(to prepare	ready, disparate , apparatus , equipment , preparation , taxidermist , preparation , prepare , repair , Parade (G) , Parry (G) ( "repel an attack")	To parry compare parere .
pārēre (-)	appear, obey	parry ("obey")	Only the Futurpartizip pāritūrus has survived. To parry compare parare .
parricus	Enclosure, enclosure	Fold (L) , (one) cram (L) , Park (G) , parking (A) / to park	Parricus is a Middle Latin word that probably goes back to a word * parra ("rod"), which itself is probably of Iberoceltic origin (the word is only preserved in Portuguese and Spanish, today with the meaning "grapevine, vine leaves"). Barra is possibly also related to its borrowings.
pars ( Gen. partis)	Part, side	Party (L) , partisan (L) , partial , particle , participle , participation , part (G)  - of which counterpart / adversary , party (G) , partisan (I) , partner (A)
parvus	small, small, short	Parvobacteria , Parvoviruses	See also comparative minor and superlative minimus .
passus	Walk, step	Passus , passport , passat (H) , passing (G) , compass	A distinction must be made between derivatives of pati .
pasta	Bread dough	Pasta (I) , paste , lozenge , pastel (I)
pastor	Shepherd	pastor
pater ( Gen. patris)	father	Father , paternoster , godfather (L) , patrician , patriciate , patrician (G) , paternal , paternalism , patrilineal	Father is closely related etymologically , but not a loan word. Patriarch and patriarchy are also closely related, but derived directly from Greek, as are patriot and patriotism . See also patronus ; compare mater .
patēre (-)	stand open, show yourself	patent
patī (passum)	suffer, endure	Patient , passion , passive	A distinction must be made between derivatives of passus ; also not related to patina .
patina	Bowl , pan	Patina , patella , pan (L) , panna cotta (I)	Patina is itself a loan word from the Greek πατάνη patánē ("dishes, bowl"); patella is the diminutive . The shift to today's meaning of patina took place in Italian - the name of the bowl, which contained a certain varnish, was probably transferred to this varnish. The Italian panna and the German pan are based on a (unused) syncopated variant * patna . Not related to pati ; also not related: breakdown .
patronus	Patron, patron, patron	Patron, patronage , cartridge (G)	Derivation from pater
pāx ( Gen. pācis)	peace	Pacific , pacifism , pacifist	related to pactum
pectus ( Gen. pectoris)	Chest, heart	pectoralis , pektorale , expektorans , in petto (I)
pecūnia	money	pecuniary	Pecunia is derived from pecus ("cattle"), the original meaning: "wealth in cattle".
pēior	worse	pejorative , pejoration	Comparative to malus
pellere (pulsum)	hit, drift	Pulse , pulsar , pulsation , impeller (A) , propeller (A) , polenta (I) (food)	Polente (police) descends from politia . See also appellare .
pellis	Fur , fur , skin	Pelle (L) , fur (L) , film (A)	Fell is etymologically closely related, but not a loan word. See also note on vellere .
pendere 1 (pēnsum)	Weigh up, consider, weigh, (pay), (penalty) atone	Workload	See also expendere , suspendere, and pondus .
pendēre 2 (-)	hang, be dependent	Pendel , Pendant (G) , Dependenz , Dependance (G) , Independent (A) ( indie for short )
penetrāre (penetrātum)	penetration	penetrate , penetration , penetrator , penetration , penetrative
pēnicillus	brush	Brush (L) , penicillin	Diminutive of pēniculus ("tail, brush"), which in turn is diminutive of pēnis ("tail").
penna	feather	Pennal , Pennäler
percutere (percussum)	pierce, pierce, pierce	Percussion  - also in compound words (like in percussion drilling , percussion hammer , percussion lock ), percussionist , percussive	Like discutere compound to quatere ( quassum ; "shake, hit"). Not related: cutis .
perficere (perfectum)	execute, finish, complete	Perfect , perfect, perfection , perfectionism , parfait (G)	Compound to facere
pergere (perrēctum)	break up, continue, continue	etc. pp. , Pergola (I)	The pp. stands for “perge, perge”. Derivation from regere (hardly recognizable compound word ).
perpetuus	continuous, uninterrupted, constant	Perpetuation , perpetuum mobile , perpetuatio fori
Persicus	persian, peach	Peach (L)	Persicus denotes the tree, the fruit is called Persicum . For more details, see peach, word origin .
persona	Mask, role	Person , staff , personality , personification
pēs ( Gen. pēdis)	foot	Pedal , Pedant (G) , Pedantry (G) , Pedestal (G)	unrelated: pedell
pessimus	worst, very bad	Pessimum , pessimism	Superlative to malus
pestis	Plague, calamity, ruin	Plague , pestilence , pesticide
petere (petītum)	strive, solicit	Petitioner , petition , petitorium, petitioner	See also repetere .
pietās ( Gen. pietātis)	Piety, awe	Piety , pietism , pietà (I)
pila 1	Ball, ball	Pill (L)
pīla 2	pier	Pillar (L) , pilaster (I)	not related to pilum
pīlum	Throwing spit	Arrow (L)	not related to pīla 2
pilus	hair	pick (L) , plush (G)
pingere (pictum)	to paint	pinxit ( pinx. ), pictogram , picturesque (I)	Not related: penguin , this term is not derived from pinguis ( Gen. pinguinis; "oily, greasy, fat, thick, fat")!
pīnsere (pinsitum / pinsum / pistum)	mash, crush	Pestle , slope (G)
pīpāre (pīpātum)	beep, beep	beep (L) , whistle (L) , whistle (L) , pipette
pix ( Gen. picis)	Bad luck , tar	Bad luck (L)  - also in the figurative sense for an unfortunate coincidence , compare Bad luck bird
placenta	cake	placenta	Placenta is itself a loan word synonymous with Greek πλακοῦς plakoûs ( Gen. πλακοῦντος plakoûntos ). Etymologically related to platea and plattus (already in Greek), with which the German derivatives are also related; not related to placere .
placēre (placitum)	like	Place , placebo , plead (G) , plea (G) , Plaisir (G) ( Plaisirchen ), Pleasureground (A)	not related to placenta and platea
plāga	Blow, blow, blow	Plague (L) , plague (L)  - of which placken (L) , drudgery (L) , drudgery (L)	Plaga itself is a foreign word from synonymous with Doric πλαγά plagá . From the Attic form πληγή Plege is plectrum or latinisiert pick derived.
plagium	Kidnapping, selling of souls	Plagiarism , plagiarist	Plagium itself is derived from the Greek πλάγιος plágios "ambiguous, dishonest, unreliable, insidious ".
planta	Seedling , offshoot	Plant (L) , plant (L) , transplant , transplant , plantation (G)
plānus	flat, even	Planum , plan , planie , planieren , planimetrie , planimeter , esplanade (G)	Planet is of Greek origin.
platēa	(wide) street, courtyard	Place (L) , placement (L) , place (L) , misplaced (G) , cookie (L) , placement (G) / (A)	Platea itself is a foreign word from the Greek πλατεῖα plateîa “street” (substantiated feminine form for πλατύς platýs “broad, flat”). Also it derives plane down, probably because of their widely spreading branches ( Latin platanus to Greek πλάτανος plátanos ). Etymologically related to placenta and plattus (already in Greek), with which the German derivatives are related; not related to placere .
plattus	flat, flat	flat (L) , plate (L) , plates (L) , Plätte (L) , flatten (L) , Plätteisen (L) , printed circuit board (G)	Plattus is itself a vulgar Latin word (first documented in Middle Latin ) and is a loan word from Greek πλατύς platýs ("broad, flat"). Etymologically related to placenta and platea (already in Greek), so the German derivatives are related. Platinum is derived from palatium .
chat (plausum)	clap, hit	plausible , applause , applaud , explosion , explode , implosion , implode
plectere (plexum)	weave	Complex , complexity , complicated, perplexity , perplexed (G)	For -plex compare plicare .
plēnus	full	Plenary , plenary , verbal part plenary (as in plenary hall , plenary session , plenary lecture ), complement (G) , complementary (G) , complete (G)	The latter three are actually derived from the closely related verb complēre ( complētum ; "fill out, complete").
plicāre (plicātum)	wrinkles	Explication , explicit , complication , accomplice (G) , replication , pleated blind (G) , triple , triple (A)	For -plex compare plectere . Tripel and triple are derived from the Latin triplex ("dreifältig, dreifach"). See also duplex , multiplex, and simplex .
plūma	Down feather, fluff	Fluff (L) , plumeau (G)	Plum is derived from prunus .
plumbum	lead	Seal (L)
plus	more	Plus , plural , pluralism , plural tantum	Adverb to the comparative plūrēs , this to multus
pōculum	Drinking vessel	Cup
poena	Punishment, punishment, penance, compensation	Pain (L) , embarrassing (L) , torment (L) , Peiniger (L) , fussy (L) , penalty , pönal, penalization meticulously (G) , Penalty (A)
polīre (polītum)	smooth	buff , polish
polītīa, polīcīa	State administration, state constitution	Police (L)  - including Polente (L) , policewoman	Late Latin politia or medieval Latin policia itself is a foreign word from Greek πολιτεία Politeia ( "Civil Rights, Public Administration, State Constitution") controlled by πόλις pólis derived ( "Castle, City, State"); A number of other foreign words are derived from this, see the list of Greek word stems in German foreign words . Polenta (corn dish) comes from Pellere .
pollen ( Gen. pollinis)	very fine flour, pollen	Pollen , pollinium
pōmum	Fruit tree fruit, apple	Pomologie , bitter orange , pomade (G) , French fries (G)
pondus	Weight, piece of weight, (Roman) pound, weight, importance	Pound (L)	Derivation from pendere 1
pōnere (positum / posthumous)	put, put, lay	post, post (L) , post (L) , position , posture , positive , positivism , apposition , preposition , impress , exponent , pose (G) , post (I)	Not related: postulare , post ("after") and derivatives with the appropriate prefix post- . See also componere and deponere .
populus	people	Popularity , popular , populism , mob (G) , (an-) pöbeln (G)	Popel (“Every Booger drives an Opel.”) And pop (e) lig belong to this group . This is to be distinguished from pōpulus (" poplar "; with a long o ). See also publicus .
porta	goal	Gate (L) , portal	Only distantly related to portare , but closely related to portus ("harbor"); not related to portio . Depending on its meaning, port can be derived from porta , portare or (especially in proper names) from portus .
portāre (portātum)	carry, bring	portable , postage (I) , retrieve , deportation , export (A) , import (A) , transport (G) , report (A) , reportage (G) , sport (A)	Only distantly related to porta and portus ("harbor"); not related to portio . See also note on port in porta .
portiō ( Gen. portiōnis)	part	Portion , proportion	related to pars ; not related to porta and portare
postulāre (postulātum)	demand	Postulate , postulant , postulator	Not related to ponere , post and their derivatives are derived from this.
posthumous	last, the last	posthumously	Erroneously also written posthumously since late antiquity , see section on etymology in the article.
potentia	Power, strength, wealth	Potency , potential , potential, potentiometer ( Poti for short ), potentiometry
praebēre	present, grant	Benefice (L) , provisions (I)	Derivation from habere (hardly recognizable compound word )
praegnāns ( Gen. praegnantis)	pregnant, bristling, weighty	concise , conciseness , impregnation , impregnation	not used: stamping , emboss
premium	Reward, price	bonus	Premiere isderivedfrom primus .
praestō	Present, ready, quickly on the spot	Finish (G) , Presto (I)
prātum	Meadow	Prater (L) (especially in Berlin and Vienna), Prärie (G)
precēs	the requests	Precariousness , precarious , precarium
premere (pressum)	press, press	press, press , squeeze , press, press , depression , depressed , expressionism , express , impression , imprimieren , imprimatur , compression , compress , decompression , decompress
prīmus	first, the first	prima , prim , Primarius , primary , word part primary- (as in primary abbey , primary school , primary level ), primat , primates , prime , prime number , primitive , primitivity , premiere (G)	See also premere for various -prim- containing words . Actually superlative to a word prīs no longer used in classical Latin and only preserved in derivatives , see also prior ; see also princeps .
prīnceps ( Gen. prīncipis)	First, most respected, author, leader (superior), master	Prince (L) , principal , principle , principals	Derivation of primus and capere
prior	the one in front, the one before	Prior , priory , priority	Actually comparative to a word prīs no longer used in classical Latin and only preserved in derivatives , see also primus .
prīvāre (prīvātum)	segregate, deprive	private , deprivation
prīvilēgium	Special right	privilege	Derivation from lex
probāre (probātum)	examine , assess, acknowledge	check (L) , try, probat, sample , approbation
profitērī (professum)	Openly confess, confess, declare, state officially, register, promise, offer	Professe , profession , short word professional (from professionist ), professional, professionalization , professionalism , professor	As well as confiteri compound to the verb fatērī ( fassum ; “confess, confess, grant”). Profit and the derivatives such as profit are not related, but borrowed from the French from proficere ( profectum ; “to advance, to progress, to make progress”), a compound of facere .
prōlētārius	Lower class citizens, proletarians	Proletariat , proletariat, proletariat	even derived from prōlēs ("descendant, offspring")
prominēre (-)	protrude, protrude, protrude, extend	prominent , prominence , short word celebrity	just like eminere and imminere compound to an extinct verb * menēre ; related to mons
prōpāgāre (prōpāgātum)	propagate, expand, spread	graft (L) , graft (L) , graft (L) , propaganda , propagate , propagation
proprius	peculiar, peculiar	proper (L) , Proprium , proprietary , Appropriation , Expropriation
prosper (-us)	happy, cheap	prosperity
protēstāri (protēstātum)	Bearing witness, (publicly) testifying, testifying	protest , protest , protestant , protestantism , protestant	Composite of testari
prōvincia	Official area, official mandate	Province , Provence (G)
proximus	the next	proximal , approximal , approximation , approximant , Proxima Centauri
pūbēs	manable, adult	Pubescence , puberty
pūblicus	public	Audience , publication , republic	Derivation of populus
puer ( Gen. pueris)	Boy, boy, child	Puerilism , pueril
pulmō ( Gen. pulmōnis)	lung	pulmonary
pulp	flesh	Pulp , pulp (L) , pulp (L) , Pulp , pulper
pulpitum	Wooden scaffolding, grandstand, stage	Desk (L)
pulvis ( Gen. pulveris)	dust	Powder (L) , powder (G)
pungere (pūnctum)	stab, injure	Dot , puncture , puncture , puncture , puncture , hallmarking , hallmark , puncher , punctuation
pūpa	(little) girl, doll	Doll (L) , pupil
pūrus	purely	pure, purism , puritan , purgatory
pūstula	Vesicles	Pustule (L)
putāre (putātum)	(cut), (calculate), believe, mean	vaccinate (L) , vaccination (L) , amputation , deputation , deputation , disputation , disput (G) , reputation	See also computare .
puteus	Pit, well	Puddle (L)
pyxis, buxis	Can (cylindrical container)	Bushing (L) , bushing (L) , box (A)	Pyxis is itself a foreign word to Greek πυξίς pyxís ("can [cylindrical container made of boxwood]"); buxis is the Middle Latin form from which it was derived. Unrelated: Buxe , Boxing .

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Q

origin	Importance of origin	Term in German	Remarks
quadrāre (quadrātum)	make square, be square	Quadrant , square	Derivative of quadrus
quadrus	square	Cuboid (L) , Quadrille (G) , Karo (G) (of which also maps color diamonds ), checkered (G) , square (G) , squadron (G) , squadron (I) (L) , schwadronieren (I) (L ) , Squadron (I) (L)	Derivation of quattuor ("four"), see also quadrare and quartus .
quaerere (quaesītum)	Search & ask	Treasurer , Quaestur , acquire , acquisition , exquisite , inquisition , prop , requisition
quālis	(somehow) like	Quality , qualification	The adverb qualiter shows the root of the word. Unrelated: torment , torment , jellyfish .
quantus	how much	Quantum , quantum , quantization , quantization , quantification , quantity
quartus	fourth, fourth	Quart , quarter , fourth , Quartel , quartet (I) , quarters (G)	Ordinal number to quattuor ("four"), see also quadrus . Quarantine (I) is derived from quadraginta ("forty") and is therefore only indirectly related to quartus , see the etymology in the article ; The spelling and pronunciation are derived from the French quarantaine . The same applies to barracks (G) , whichcomes from quaterna ("four, four together"), see also in the article .
querēla	Lament, lament, complaint	Quarrel , troublemaker
quiētus	calm	Quietism , quitt (G) , receipt (G)	not related: quince
quīntus	the fifth	Quint , quent (L) , quintet (I) , quintessence	Ordinal number to quinque ("five")
quot	how many	Quota , quotient

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R.

origin	Importance of origin	Term in German	Remarks
rabiēs	Frenzy, rabies	Rabies , rabid
racēmus	Grape, berry	Racemate , racemization , racemös , raisin (G)
rādere (rāsum)	scrape, scratch	erase , etching , shave , razor , rastral , raster , abrasion	Compare radius .
radius	Rod, wheel spoke, beam	Radius , Radium , Radiant , Radiator , Radio (A) , Radar (A)	Related to radix . Compare radere .
rādix ( Gen. rādicis)	root	Radish (L) , Radi (L) , Radish (L) , root , radical , radicalism	related to radius
rapidus	tearing, tearing fast	rapid (-e)
rārus	Rare	Rarum , Rara , rare, rare
ratiō ( Gen. ratiōnis)	Calculation, mind	Ration , rational , rationality , rationalization , rationalism
reālis	representational, really, real	real, real , realism , realization , reality , surreal (G) , surrealism (G)	Derivation of res
rebellare	to rebel, to resist	Rebel , rebellion	Derivation from bellum ("war")
recēns ( Gen. recentis)	fresh, new	recent , recessed effect
recipere (receptum)	take back, take back, withhold, get back, receive, absorb, take	to receive , recipient , recipe , receptor , reception , receptivity , receptive, recipe	Compound to capere
rēctus	right, straight, upright	Law (L) , right (L) , right (L) , right (L) , rect , rectum , rectal , rectification , rectificate , rectification	Derived from regere , the latter three additionally from facere
referre (relātum)	carry back, bring back, report, lead back (to something), relate	lecture , speaker , presentation , referendum , reference , legal clerkship , relation , relativity , relative , relativism	Compound to ferre
reflectere (reflexum)	Bend backwards, turn backwards, turn backwards	Reflex , reflection , reflect , reflector	Composite to Flectere
regere (rēctum)	(align), direct, control	judge (L) , judge (L) , regent , rector , govern, government , director (G) , conductor , conduct , dirigismus (G)	Related to rex ("ruler, king"). See also corrigere , pergere , rectus , regio , regula, and surgere .
regiō ( Gen. regiōnis)	area	region	Derivation from regere ("area that is controlled")
registrum, register	Directory, catalog, register	Register, registry , registration , registration , register	Registrum is a late Latin derivation of the PPP regestum of the verb regerere (" carry back, throw back, bring, register, inscribe"; here: "the registered, the registered"), register is the Middle Latin form for it. The technical term regest is also derived from PPP (in the plural regesten ). Regerere is a compound word for gerere .
rēgula	Bar, lath, stick, straight edge, straight line	Regulation / regulation , regulate, regularity , regular , regulative , rule (L) , regulate (L) , regulation (L) , regulator (L)	related to regere
relaxāre (relaxātum)	loosen. loosen up, relax, relax, relieve, refresh	Relaxants , relaxation , release (A) , relax (A)	Derivation from laxus
relinquere (relictum)	leave behind, leave behind, leave behind	Relic , reliquary , relic	as well as delinquere compound to linquere ("leave, leave behind, give up")
rēmus	Rudder	Strap (L) (rudder)
rēn ( Gen. rēnis)	kidney	adrenaline	not used: Reindeer (Reindeer)
rēpere (rēptum)	crawl	reptile
reperīre (repertum)	find, find, determine	Repertory , repertoire (G)
repetere (repetītum)	repeat, renew, regain	repeat , repeating weapon (short bolt action ), Repetent , Repetition , Repetitio , coach , Repetitorium	Composite to petere
rēs	Thing, thing, matter	Res , rebus , rebus principle , republic	Rebus is ablative plural to res (“through things”). See also realis .
reservāre (reservātum)	keep, keep, reserve, preserve, save	Reservation , Reservist , Reserve (G) , Reservation (G) , Reservoir (G)	Composite to servare
respondēre (respōnsum)	answer, reply	Respondent , responsiveness , responsory , correspondent , correspondence
restāre (restātum)	stay behind, stay behind, withstand	Residue (L) , arrestieren , arrest , convict , Arrestatorium , lock (G) , locking (G)	Compound to stare ; With the exception of rest, all other words come from the extended compound arrestāre ( arrestātum ; "hold back, hold on, confiscate").
restaurāre (restaurātum)	restore	Restoration , restorer , restoration , restaurant (G)
resultāre (resultātum)	jump back, echo, later also: surrender, follow	result, result , resultative , resultant	related to saltare
retardāre (retardātum)	delay, hold back, hold back	Retardation , retard (A) , retarder (A)
red ( Gen. retis)	network	Retina , Reticulum / Reticulum , Reticulit , Reticulate , Réticule (G)
rigāre (rigātum)	Pour in water, irrigate	Irrigator
rigorous	Rigidity, stiffness, hardness	Rigor , rigorism , rigorosum , rigorous
rīpa	shore	Riviera (I) , Revier (G)
rite	sacred custom, ceremony , rite	Rite, ritual , ritual
rīvus	Brook	Rival , derivation , derivative	Rivale comes from the derivation rivalis , which referred to everything that belonged to a stream or canal, including the canal neighbors, the jointly entitled to water abstraction. From this the transferred meaning "rival" developed in Latin times.
robustus	firm, strong, strong	robust
rōdere (rōsum)	gnaw, eat	Rodentia , rodenticide , erosion , erosion , corrosion	not related: clearing
pink	rose	Rose, pink (shade), rosette (G)
rota	Wheel, circular path, cycle	Rotation , rotate , rotor , rotunda (I) , rotunda , round (G) , round (G) , roll (G) , control (G)
ruber ( Gen. rubrī)	red	Rubrum , rubric , rubricator , rubricing , rubidium , ruby
rudis	raw, coarse, undeveloped	rude (L) , rudiment , rudimentary
ruīna	Fall, collapse, ruin	Ruin, ruin , ruinous
rūmor	Rumor , talk, slander	Rumor, rumble
rumpere (ruptum)	Break, split, injure	Rupture , abrupt, disruption , disruptor , eruption , corruption , corrupt, rotte (G) , rotten (G) , route (G) , router (A) , routine (G) , routine (G)	also suspected, but uncertain: pack as a derivative of Rotte ; not related: exterminate, rot

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S.

origin	Importance of origin	Term in German	Remarks
saccus	bag	Sack (L) , (a) sacken (L) (put in a sack), jacket (I)	Saccus itself is a foreign word to Greek σάκκος sákkos ("coarse fabric [mainly made of goat hair], sackcloth" and products made from it: "cheesecloth, sack, coarse coat"); the Greeks, for their part, borrowed the word from a Semitic language, probably Assyrian . Not used: sink (sink lower - as in slump , can sag ).
sacer ( Gen. sacrī)	holy	sacral  - also in compound words (such as in sacred architecture , sacred language ), sacrament , sacramentary , sacristy , sacrilege
saeculum	Age, century	secular  - also in compound words (as in secular celebration , secular equation ), secularization , secularization , secularization , secularism
saeta	Bristle, hair	Silk (L)
sagitta	arrow	sagittal  - also in composites (as in sagittal axis , sagittal plane )
sāl ( Gen. sālis)	salt	Saline , salinity , salmiak (L) , saltpeter (L) , salami (I) , salad (I) , salary (G) , salsa (H) (sauce)	Salt is etymologically closely related, but not a loan word. For salsa see also saltare .
salīre (saltum)	jump, hop	Somersault (I) , resilient , resilience	Not to be confused with the salīre derived from sal ( salītum ; "salt"), which is homographic in some verb forms . See also saltare and resultare .
saltāre (saltātum)	to dance	Saltation , saltatory , salsa (H) (dance and music)	Intensivum zu salire , related to resultare For salsa see also sal . The balance comes from solidus .
salvus	safe and sound	Sage (L) , Salvator , severability clause , Salut , Salü (G) ( minor form Sali ), Salve (G)
sānctus	holy	Santa , sanction
sanguis ( Gen. sanguinis)	blood	Sanguine
sānus	healthy	Sanatorium , paramedic ( Sani for short ), renovation
satelles ( Gen. satellitis)	Bodyguard, henchman	satellite
satis	enough	satisfaction	Satt is etymologically closely related, but not a loan word.
satira	Ridicule poem	satire	related to satis
scālae	Ladder, stairs	Scalar , scale (I) , scale (I) , Escalade (G) , Eskaladierwand (G) , Eskalator (A) , escalating (A) escalate, de-escalation (A) de-escalate,	Plural tantum (sense: "stages"); Derivation of scandere
scalpere (scalptum)	scratch, cut, carve	scalpel	Scalp and scalp are very likely related, but not derived from the Latin word; likewise bowl . Related to sculpere .
scamellum	(small) bench, (small) stool	Stool (L)	late Latin diminutive of scamnum ("bench, stool, seat")
scandere (scānsum)	rise, climb, rise	chant, ascendant , ascendant , ascension , descendent , descendent , transcendental , transcendental	Scandal is of Greek origin. See also scalae .
scātula	Box, box	Box (L) , casket (L)	The latter French influenced; the Middle Latin word scatula itself is a Latinized form to Italian scatola , the self from the medieval Latin castula, castulum derived ( "container"). Compare also cista .
schola	Lecture, lecture, gallery, training center, school	School (L) , training (L) , schools (L) , pupils (L) , scholar , scholastic , scholastic	Schola itself is a foreign word to Greek σχολή scholḗ ("rest, leisure, [learned] entertainment, lecture, lecture venue, auditorium, school").
scindere (scissum)	tear, split, separate	Clapboard (L) , abscissa , abscission	Flaying is etymologically related, but not borrowed from it.
sclavus	Slav (prisoner of war)	slave	Slav is itself closely related.
scrībere (scrīptum)	write	write (L) , font (L) , script , script (and Script (A) ), Skribent , ascriptive, Deskription , descriptor , descriptive , inscription , conscription , Präskription , prescriptivism , prescriptive, postscript
scrīnium	Capsule, box	Shrine (L) , carpenter (L)
scrōfa	Mother pig, breeding sow	Screw (L) , screw (L) , Skrofeln (L) , Skrofulose
scrūpulus	pointed stone	Scruples (L)
sculpere (sculptum)	carve, chisel, prick	sculpture	related to scalpere
scutella	Drinking bowl	Bowl (L)	Diminutive to scutra ("bowl, (flat) bowl")
secāre (sectum)	cut off, separate	dissect (L) , sickle (L) , secant , section , sector , segment , dissection , insect , resection , transect (A)	Sekt (sparkling wine) isderivedfrom siccus , sect (grouping) from sequi .
secundus	following, the following, second, the second	Secondary , second , secondary , word part secondary (as in secondary , secondary school )	Derivation of sequi
sedēre (sessum)	sit, linger, sit down	Sediment , Sedimentation , Session , Sedisvakanz , Dissident , President , Presidium , Resident , Residenz	Sit and put are etymologically related, but no loan words.
sēmen ( Gen. sēminis)	Seed, sapling	Seminar , dissemination	related to serere 1
senex ( Gen. senis)	old, aged, the old man, old man	Senior , senility , senile , senescence , senate , senator	Senior is the comparative to senex .
sēnsus	Sensation, feeling, opinion, disposition	Sensation , sensitivity , sensitivity , sensitization , sensitization , dissent , consensus , nonsense (A)	Derivation from sentire
sententia	Opinion, opinion	Sentence	Derivation from sentire
sentīre (sēnsum)	feel, feel, mean	Sensor , sensory , sensory , sentimentality (A) , sentimental (A) , sentiment (G) , resentment (G)	Etymologically related: sense , sensing , sending See also sensus and sententia .
septem	seven	September , sept , seventh , septet (I) , septuagint	Septet is the relatinised form of Italian settetto ; Septuagint : “seventy”; seven is etymologically related. Septum is derived from the Latin saeptum ("fence, fence, enclosure"); septic and aseptic are of Greek origin.
sequi (secūtum)	Follow, obey, accompany, join	non sequitur , sequence , sequestration , sequestration , sect (grouping), executive , consecutive , consequence , inconsistent , suite (G) , set (A) (group of objects)	For sect compare secare . See also secundus .
serere 1 (satum)	sow, plant, produce, produce	Desertification	Sowing and sowing are etymologically related, but not loan words. A distinction must be made between derivatives of serere 2 .
serere 2 (sertum)	Line up, tie, tie up	Series , dissertation , advertisement , insertion , insert (A) , desertion (G) , deserter (G)	A distinction must be made between derivatives of serere 1 .
sērius	serious	Seriousness , serious	not related to the Latin seriēs ("row, order"; minor form seria ), a derivation of serere 2
sermō ( Gen. sermōnis)	Conversation, way of speaking	sermon
serpēns ( Gen. serpentis)	Snake	Serpent , serpentine , serpentinite , serpentinization	actually PPA of the verb serpere ("creep, sneak")
serum	whey	Serum , serous , serotonin , serotype
sērus	late	Serenata (I) , Serenade (G)
servāre (servātum)	guard, observe, preserve, save	Asservation , evidence object , Präserve , condom	See also conservare , reservare, and servus .
servus	Servant, servant, slave	Servus , servil, servo  - also in compound words (like in servo drive , power steering ), service (G) / (A) , serving (G) , dessert (G)	Derivation from servare (originally "keeper, guardian of the cattle")
sextus	the sixth	Sixth , sextant , sester (L) , sextet (I) , siesta (H)	Ordinal number for sex , "six"; the German word is etymologically related, but not a loan word. Sex (intercourse) is not related, but is derived from sexus . Sextet is the relatinised form of Italian sestetto . Semester is derived from sex ("six months", i.e. lasting six months).
sexus	gender	Sexuality , sexual , sex (A) , sexism , part of the word sexual- (as in sex education , sexual partner , sexual practice )	Words with sext- mostly come from sextus .
siccus	dry	Siccation , siccative , desiccation , desiccator , sparkling wine (sparkling wine)	other forms with -skt- derived from secare , but sect (grouping) from sequi
sīdus ( Gen. sīderis)	star	Siderium , sidereal (as in Sidereal Period , Sidereal Year , Sidereal Zodiac )	A distinction must be made between terms derived from the Greek σίδηρος sídēros ("iron"); Examples: siderite , siderose .
sigillum	small portrait	Siegel (L) , Sigel / Sigle	Diminutive to signum
sīgnāre (sīgnātum)	(describe	bless (L) , blessing (L) , signature , sign , resignation , design (A) , designer (A) , design (G)	Derivation from signum
sīgnum	character	Signum , signal , significant , insignia (singular insignia )	See also sigillum and signare .
silex ( Gen. silicis)	Pebble (stone), flint	Silex , silica , silicate , silicone , silicose
silva	Forest	New Year's Eve	For understanding, see the origin and meaning of the name Silvester .
simila	(fine) wheat flour	Bread roll (L)	not related to similis
similis	similar	Simili , simulacrum , assimilation , dissimilation , facsimile  - of which fax ( fax (A) for short )	not related to simila Adverb : simul , see also simulare and simultaneus .
simplex ( Gen. simplicis)	simple, plain	Simplex , simple (L) , simplicity , simplification , simplify	Compound , derived from * sem ("one"; even only preserved in derivatives) and plicare . Simplicius Simplicissimus consists of the comparative of simplex as a first name and the superlative as a surname.
simulāre (simulātum)	simulate, imitate, hypocrite	Simulant , simulation , simulate , dissimulation	Derivation of similis ; see also simultaneus .
simultaneus	feigned, fictional, at the same time	simultaneously	Middle Latin derivation of simulare ; The similarity with simul ("at the same time"), the adverb to similis (the words are etymologically related), contributed significantly to the shift in meaning .
singulāris	individually	Singular , singularity , singular , singular tantum
Sine	Curvature, bulge, breasts, angles	Sine , cosine , sinusoid , sinusitis
sistere (statum)	Stand up, stand up, bring to a stand, stop	suspend , suspension , existence , insist, consistency , persistence , resistance , transistor (A)	Derivation of stare ; see also assistere and statuere .
situs	Position, position	Situation , situated ( especially: well- off , well-off)
sobrius	sober, moderate, prudent, sensible, celibate	clean (L) , purge (L) , sobrietät
soccus	(lower, lighter) shoe	Sock (L) , socket (G)	Soccus is itself a loan word from the Greek σόκχος sókchos (a subsidiary form of συκχίς sykchís ), which denotes light footwear; in Rome only worn by women and actors in comedy.
socius	Companion, comrade	Sozius , society , social , socialism , asocial , association , associative , associate
Sol	Sun	Solarium , part of the word solar- (as in solar vehicle , solar technology , solar cell ), solstitium , insolation	A distinction must be made between derivatives of insula ; not related: brine , sol (colloidal solution), console .
solidus	dense, firm, hard, solid	solid, pay (L) , mercenary (L) , soldier (I) , balance (I) , consolidation / consolidation	The solidus named after its properties was a gold coin. Not related: console .
shouldemnis	celebrated every year, festive	solenn
sōlus	only, alone	solo (I) , soloist
solvere (solūtum)	solve, pay	Solvent , solvent , solvency , graduate, graduate , absolute , absolutism , bankruptcy , resolute, resolution
sonāre (sonātum)	sound, resound	Sonata , sonor, sonorant , sonnet (I) , sone (A) , assonance , dissonance , consonant , consonance , resonance , resonator
sorbēre (-)	slurp, swallow	Sorption , absorption , absorption , absorb , absorber (A) , adsorption , adsorb , adsorbent , desorption , resorption , resorb	A presumable PPP * sorptum can be constructed from derivations . Not related, at most influenced: sorbet .
sors ( Gen. sortis)	Come on, fate, share	Variety (G) , range (I) , consortium , syndicate , Resort (A) , department (G)
spatiārī (-)	go up and down, walk around	take a walk (I)	Derived from spatium
spatium	Space, interspace, distance, path (route)	Spatium , spacing	See also spatiari . Not used: Spat , spatula , spade , see spatula .
spatula	(small) shovel, spatula , shoulder blade	Spatula , spatula (L)	Diminutive of spatha ("shovel, spatula, sword"), which is itself a foreign word synonymous with Greek σπάθη spáthē . Etymologically related, but not loanwords: Spat , Spaten (also Span ).
specere (spectum)	see, look	Speculum , mirror (L) , spectrum , aspect , disrespectful, inspect, stage manager , inspection , inspector , respect , respectable, respect	See also spectaculum and speculari .
spectāculum	play	Spectacle (L)	related to specere
speculārī (speculātum)	look around, peek, observe	speculate , speculator , speculation	Related to specere . The origin of Spekulatius is uncertain, but some interpretations go back to a possible relationship with speculatio and speculum (from specere ), compare Spekulatius, Etymologie .
spīca	Ear of wheat	Memory (L) , save (L)	It was borrowed from the derivation spīcārium ("storeroom"), compare the word formation cellārium from cella .
spīrāre (spīrātum)	blow, blow, breath, breathe, smell	Aspirant , aspiration , aspirated , inspiration , inspirational, conspiracy , conspiratorial , perspiration , respiration , respiratory , transpiration , transpire	See also spiritus .
spirit	Breath, breath, spirit	Spiritus , Spiritism , Spirituality , Spiritualism , Spirits , Spirit (A) , Esprit (G)	Derivation of spirare .
spoliāre (spoliātum)	rob, plunder, take away	Spoliation , Spolie , Spoiler (A)	English to spoil : "decrease in value, spoil"
spondēre (spōnsum)	promise, pledge, vouch for yourself	Sponsorship , sponsor , sponsorship (A)	The apparently similar word donation comes from expendere .
spontaneous	voluntarily, of your own accord	spontaneous , spontaneity
stabilis	steadfast	stable , stability , unstable , instability	Derivation from stare
stāgnum	Pond, pool, pond	Stagnation , stagnosol
stallum, stallus	Choir stool	Installation , installer , installer (G)	Stallum or stallus is itself a Middle Latin word of Germanic origin; Installare originally meant "to sit in the choir stool"; from this initially "insert in church office" and later generalization to "insert, furnish, install". Not directly derived, but closely related to stable , place and place .
stannum	tin	Tinfoil
stāre (stātum)	stand there, stand upright, stand still, linger	Statistics , extra , station , distance , instance , constant , constancy , cost (L) (have a purchase value), noun , punch (I) (poem form)	See also restare , sistere , stabilis , statuere and status . To cost compare gustare . Statics and its derivatives Statiker and static are derived from the closely related Greek στατικὴ [τέχνη] statikḗ [téchnē] ("[teaching / art of] weighing, [teaching / art of] balance"). Stamping (cutting process) is not used.
statuere (statūtum)	set up, erect, fix	Statute , statue , statuette (G) , constitution , constitutional, prostitution , prostituting	Derivation of sistere ; compare statura .
statūra	shape	stature	Derivation of stare ; compare statues .
status	State, state	Status , State (L) , Budget (G) , Statism (G)	Derivation from stare . Stadt and Statt are etymologically closely related, but not loan words.
stēlla	Star , star	stellar , interstellar , constellation	Actually diminutive of the synonym astēr , which is rarely used in Latin , which is a foreign word to Greek ἀστήρ astḗr with the same meaning. The star and the star are etymologically related. Point is not related, see stallum .
sterilis	barren	sterile , sterility , sterilization , sterilizer
sternere (strātum)	Scatter, spread, sprinkle, cover, level, smooth	Stratum , street (L) , stratigraphy , stratosphere , substrate , superstrat , stratocaster (A) (short Strat )	Road from via strata ("paved [covered] path"). Etymologically related, but of Greek origin: strategy , strategist , strategema . Stern is not related, see stella ; also not related: sternum .
silent	drops	Distillate , distillation , distillery , distillery , instillation	not related: still (calm), still
stilus	pointed post, graver , stem , handle , pen	Stalk (L) , style , stylistics , stylization	not related: steep , silent , silent
stirps	Rhizome	Extirpation , extirpating
stringere (strictum)	pull it together, tie it together, tie it down, pull it off	Harrow (L) , strict , stringency , stringent, Stringendo (I)
struere (strūctum)	layer, build	Structure , structuralism , destruction , destructive , destructor , construction , construct , constructive , constructor , reconstruction , reconstruct	See also instruere .
studēre (-)	strive, pursue, strive	Student , studiosus , study , studio (I)
stupēre (-)	be rigid / stiff, stand still, admire, be amazed	Stupor , stupidity , stupid (e)	The derivation stupidus already has the transferred meaning "stupid" in Latin. Not used: nudge , nudge , upturned nose .
sublīmis	towering, in the air, floating high, sublime	sublime , sublimation / sublimation , sublimate	Derivation of limen
succus	juice	Succus , succulent plant	actually only a minor form of sūcus
sūdāre (sūdātum)	sweat	Exudate , exudation , sudoriferum	Sweating is etymologically related.
sūmere (sūmptum)	take, ingest, seize, consume	Subsumtion , subsuming, prosumer (A)	See also consumere .
summus	highest, highest, extreme, strongest	Summa , sum (L) , summand , summation , sum	Superlative to the adjective super . The first two derivatives were made by the substantivized feminine form summary (the "highest point priority, the main thing entirety sum"), the latter two from the associated verb summāre ( summātum ; "in the highlight bring" medium latin "count up").
great	above, above, above, moreover, moreover	Prefix super- (as in super capacitor , supermarket , supernova ), superar , superior , sovereign (G) , superb (G)	Superior is the comparative , summus the superlative ; supra is the adverb .
suprā	above	Prefix supra- (as in superfluid , superconductor , supraport (I) ), soprano (I)	Adverb too super
surgere (surrēctum)	get up, get up	Insurrection , surge (A)	Derivation of regere (hardly recognizable compound word )
suspendere (suspēnsum)	hang up, raise, let float, hold back, interrupt	Suspension , jockstrap , suspension , suspense (A)	Composite to pendere 1

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T

origin	Importance of origin	Term in German	Remarks
taberna	Hut, booth, shop, inn	Taferne (L) , tavern (I) , tabernacle
tabula	Board, blackboard , game board, writing / calculating board, painting	Blackboard (L) , paneling (L) , tabulator , tab , tablature , table , tableau (G) , tray (G) , tablet (G) , tablet (A)	unrelated: taboo
tālea	Chopsticks, seedling, cut piece	Plate (L) , waist (G) , waist (G) , detail (G) , detailed (G)
tālus	Ankle , heel	Gown
tangere (tāctum)	touch, touch, hit, push	tangent, tangent , tangential , tangent , clock	See also contingere . Tactics and the derivatives ( tactical , tacting , tactician ) are not related, but of Greek origin: They are derived from τακτικὴ [τέχνη] taktikḗ [téchnē] ("[art of] arrangement, [art of] formation [of an army]") .
tantum	Trifle, nothingness	Tand (L) , Tändler (L) , Tändelei (L) , dally (L) , bonus (G)	unrelated: aunt
tapētum, tappētum	Blanket, carpet	Tapetum , Tapet , wallpaper , carpet (L)	Tapētum is derived from the synonymous Greek τάπης tápēs ( Gen. τάπητος tápētos ). The formation wallpaper was from the medieval Latin , as-conceived feminine singular form Tapeta , the classically actually represents neuter plural.
taxāre (taxātum)	repeatedly or strongly touching, appraising, appraising	appraise meter  - of which short-term taxi , taxi , key (G) , keys (G) , keyboard (G)	This must be distinguished from words that are derived from the Greek τάξις táxis , see the list of Greek word stems in German foreign words .
tegere (tēctum)	(cover), conceal, protect	Brick (L) , architecture , detective , detector , protector , protectorate	not related: tektite , tectonics , eutectic (all of Greek origin)
telōnēum, telōnīum, tolōnēum, tolōnīum	Levy, customs house	Customs (L) (tax and authority)	Telōnēum and telōnīum are late Latin borrowings from Greek τελωνεῖον, τελώνιον telōné͞ion, telṓnion ("customs house, customs house"), tolōnēum and tolōnīum are the vulgar Latin forms of this (probably because of the more modern languages). . The Greek word is based on τέλος télos ("end, exit, border, levy, tax, customs"). The old unit of measurement, inches, is not related.
temperāre (temperātum)	mix properly, regulate, moderate	tempering , tempering , tempering , temperature , temperament , tempera (I)
templum	measured district, consecrated place, sanctuary	Temple (I) , contemplation
tempus 1 ( Gen. temporis)	Time, point in time, time span	Tense , temporal adverbial , temporal clause , temporary , contemporaneous , tempo (I)	A distinction must be made between words with temporal , which are derived from the homonym tempus 2 .
tempus 2 ( Gen. temporis)	temple	Temporal lobe (and other medical terms)	A distinction must be made between words with temporal , which are derived from the homonym tempus 1 .
tendere (tentum / tēnsum)	Tense, stretch, steer, aim, hand	tend, tendency , tendentious , tension , tensiometer , tensor , tenside , extension , intension , intensity , intense , extensive , tender (A)
tenēre (tentum)	hold, have, embrace	Tenor , abstinence , attentism , pertinence , pertinence , impertinence	See also continere .
tentāre (tentātum)	feel, touch, try	Tentacle , assassination	actually only a minor form to temptāre (temptātum)
terminus	Boundary stone, border	Appointment , term , determinant , determination , determinism
terra	Earth, land	terrestrial , terrarium , territory , territorial , extra-territorial , terracotta (I) , terrazzo (I) , terrier (A) , terrace (G) , terrain (G) , terroir (G) , ground floor (G)	not related to terrere and terror
terrēre (territory)	frighten, frighten, frighten	Territion , enfant terrible (G)	See terror ; not related to terra .
terror	Horror, fear	Terror , terrorism , terrorize	Derivation of terrere ; not related to terra .
tertius	third, third	Tertia , Tertianer , four months , tertiary , Terzel (L) , third (I) , trio (I) , tercet (I) , Terzel (L)	Ordinal number to tres ("three"; etymologically related); related to tribus
testa	Plate, lid, (clay) bowl, shard	Test (A) , test (A) , Tete (G) (actually Tête ; military vanguard or first distillation fraction )	not related to testari
tēstāri (tēstātum)	testify, affirm, express	Attestation , will , testimony , testimonial (A) , certificate , attest	See also protestari . Not related to testa .
texere (textum)	weave, braid	Text , texture , texturing , textile
tingere (tīnctum)	wet, moisten, color	Tincture , ink (L) , complexion (G)	Ink from a shortening of aqua tincta ("colored water")
titulus	Inscription, headline, title	Titulus , title (L) , titulation , titling, word part titular- (as in titular bishop , titular nation , titular professor )
tolerāre (tolerātum)	to tolerate, to endure	tolerate , toleration , tolerance , intolerance , tolerantism
tonāre (tonātum)	thunder, crash, sound (loud)	Detonation , intonation	Derivation of tonus
tone	Sound, sound , thunder	Tone (L) (sound / noise), tones (L) , toning , toner (A)	Tonus itself is a foreign word to Greek τόνος tónos ("tension, rope, string, tendon, tension of the voice"); some foreign words are derived directly from the Greek term, especially the tonic itself, as well as tonic , tonic and isotonic . Donner is etymologically related, but not a loan word; not related: clay as (clay) earth or mineral . See also tonare .
torpēre (-)	be rigid, be stiff, be paralyzed	Torpedo (A) , torpedo	The inventor applied the Latin (and scientific) name of electric rays to his development of a powered explosive charge.
torquēre (tortum)	Twist, twist, circle, twist, distort, torture, torment	Pie , torture , torsion , contortion , tort (G) , torque (A) , torquing (A)
tōtus	whole, totally, undivided	total , total , totality , totalizator (A) , toto	The latter as a derivation of totalizator with apparently Italian ending, probably based on Lotto .
tractāre (tractātum)	to and fro, tugging around, treating, operating	Treatise , treat, seek (L) , maltreat (G)	Intensive to trahere
trahere (tractum)	pulling, grinding, tugging, dragging	Tract , traction , tractor , tracture , attraction , attractiveness , attractive , abstract , abstraction , abstract , detraction , subtract , subtraction , portrait (G) , training (A) , train (A) , trainer (A)	See also contrahere and tractare .
tremere (-)	tremble, tremble	Tremor , tremolo (I) , tremolieren (I)
tribus	District, Gau	Tribus , Tribune , Tribunal , Tribute , Tribune (G)	originally "a third of the Roman people"; related to tertius
tristis	gloomy, sad	sad
tubus	tube	Tube , tuba , tube
tūberculum	(small) hump, (small) bump	Tubercle , tuberculosis , tuberculin	Diminutive to tūber ("hump, bump")
tumor	Swelling, lump	tumor
tumult	Unrest, noise, indignation, uprising, commotion	tumult
tundere (tūnsum / tūsum)	push, hit, (crush) mash	Contusion
tunica	Shirt, tunic	Tunic , whitewash (L) , whitewash (L)
turbāre (turbātum)	confuse, stir up, worry	Turbulator , turbulence , turbulent , turbine (G)  - short turbo (of which turbo charger , turbo compressor ), perturbation	According to some interpretations, this also includes masturbation , masturbate , masturbator ( mas- either from mās [“man, penis”] or from manus [“hand”]). However, this is very uncertain.
turgēre (-)	be swollen, bristling	Turgor
turris	high structure, tower	Tower, towers , towers, tower	Turris is itself a loan word synonymous with Greek τύρρις týrris ( subsidiary form of τύρσις týrsis ); the u in place of the y indicates an early borrowing in Latin.

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U

origin	Importance of origin	Term in German	Remarks
ubique	all over	ubiquitous , ubiquist
ultra	(beyond something) beyond, beyond, further	Ultra  - also in composites (such as in ultramarine , ultrasound , ultraviolet )
umbra	shadow	Umbra , penumbra
unda	Wave, wave	Undulation , undulator , Undulatus , abundance , inundation , redundancy , undulation (G) , crimp (G)
ūniversus	whole, whole, all, general	Universe , university (short uni ), university, universal , universal (G)	Derived from unus and versus , itself derived from vertere
ūnus	one, only	Unique , Unitarianism , Unitarian , word part uni- (as in unilaterality , uniform , university , Unicode (A) )	The abbreviation Uni usually stands for "University", see in universus . See also universus (including “Uni”).
urbs ( Gen. urbis)	city	urban , urbanization , urbanity
urna	Jug, pot	Urn (L)
ūsurpāre (ūsurpātum)	claim, assert, take possession, appropriate, presume	Usurpation , usurper , usurpatory
ūtī (ūsum)	use, use, use	Usus / Uso (I) , usuell (F) , User (A) , Utilitarianism , Utility (A) (often in the plural Utilities )
uvula	little cluster, little cluster	Uvula , uvular	Diminutive of ūva ("grape").

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V

origin	Importance of origin	Term in German	Remarks
vacca	cow	Vaccine / vaccine , vaccination (also as vaccination )	For the background to the formation of the term, see the article by the developer of the modern vaccination against smallpox: Edward Jenner, Vaccination .
vacuus	be empty, be free	Vacuum , vacuole , vacancy , blank page , evacuation / evacuation , evacuate
vagārī (vagātum)	roam	Vagant  - including Vagant Bishop , Vagant Poetry and Vagant Verse , Vagabond , Extravagance	Derivation from vagus .
vagina	Sheath, sleeve	Vagina , vaginal , vanilla (H)	The pronunciation and spelling of vanilla was influenced by French.
vagus	wandering, erratic, inconsistent, indefinite, imprecise	vague , vagueness	See also vagari .
valēre (-)	be healthy, be strong	valent, valence , ambivalence , equivalent , equivalence , covalency , prevalence	Only the Futurpartizip valitūrus has survived. See also validus .
validus (invalidus)	strong, vigorous, healthy, powerful	valid , validity , validation / validation , invalid , invalid	Derivation of valere
vallum	Entrenchment , Wall	Wall (L) , interval
vannus	Grain / forage swing arm	Tub (L)	The Romans used a flat woven basket from which the chaff was separated from the grains by swaying back and forth, compare Worfel . The old meaning has been preserved in the term tub making.
vapor ( Gen. vapōris)	steam	Vaporisation , vaporiser , vaporizer (A) , vaporimeter , vaporware (A)
varius	colorful, speckled, diverse, diverse	Varia , variant , variance , variable , variety , variety (G) , variometer
vās ( Gen. vāsis)	Dishes, vessel	Vase (L) , vasectomy / vasoresection	after one interpretation also Vaseline
vegetus	animated, alive, lively	Vegetation , vegetate , vegetative, vegetarian , vegetarian , vegan (A) , vegan (A)
vehere (vectum)	drive, sail, lead, carry, bring, pull	Vector , vehicle , vehement	See also velum .
vellere (vulsum)	pluck, pluck, tear	Avulsio , convulsion , velor (G)	Velor is derived from vellus ("fur, skin, wool"), which itself is derived from vellere . Wool is etymologically related, but not a loan word; for fur, see pellis . Not related to velum .
vēlum	Sails, cloth, curtains	Velum	Derivation of vehere ; not related to vellere
vēna	Vein	Vein , intravenous
venīre (ventum)	come, approach, get, get into (something)	Event (A) , possibly (G) , convention , convention , provenance , provenance , subsidy , supervenience	See also advenire and ventus .
venter	Stomach, stomach	ventral , ventricular , ventricular, extraventricular
ventus	wind	Valve , ventilation , fan	Derivation of venire
venus ( Gen. veneris)	Charm, love, lust for love, sexual intercourse	venereal , venereology
verb	word	Verb , verbal, verve (G)
verērī (veritum)	fear, shy away from, adore	Reverence
forget (-)	incline, be directed	diverge , divergence , converge, convergence
versārī (versātum)	linger, linger	accomplished (G) , accomplished ( G) , conversation	Derivation from vertere
vertere (verse)	Turn, turn, turn around, steer, change, switch, swap	versus , verse , version , vertical , aversion , avers , diversion , diverse , diversity , diversification / diversification , extroverted , introverted , inversion , inverse , inverter (A) , conversion / conversion , converter (A) , convertibility , controversy , perversion , perverse , reverse (especially reverse (G) ), reversible , irreversible , reverse , transversal , transversal , traverse (G)	See also universus and versari .
vērus	true	Verism , verity , veritable, verification / verification , verdict (A)
vesper	Eve	Vespers
vestis	dress	Vest (L) , transvestite , travesty (I)
vetāre (vetātum)	to forbid	veto	not related to vetus
vetus ( Gen. veteris)	old, experienced, tried and tested	Vettel (L) , veteran , veterinary  - also in composite words (such as in veterinary medicine , veterinary office , veterinary affairs )	not related to vetare
vexāre (vexātum)	torment, tease	Puzzle , picture puzzle
via	Way, alley, street	via , viatikum , viability , viaduct , trivial , triviality , convoy (G) / (A)
vibrāre (vibrātum)	trembling, twitching, swinging	Vibration , vibrator , vibrato (I) , vibraphone
vice	alternately, instead of	Vicar , Vice (deputy or colloquially second) - also in compound words (as in Vizekönig , Vice President , Vice Chancellor )	Adverb , actually ablative of the defective noun vicis ("change, change")
vīcus	Homestead, village, district	Soft image (L)	The last part of the word is a folk etymology as a picture ; it is of Germanic origin and stands for an old word meaning "law" that has been preserved in equity , approval and injustice .
vidēre (vīsum)	see, behold, perceive, recognize	Video , visa (often in the plural Visa ), vision , sight (G) , sight (G) , Voyeur (G) , Voyeurism (G) , Avis / Aviso (I) , notify (I) , commissions , temporary , Provisor , Revision , revision , supervision , interview (A) , Belvedere (I) , Bellevue (G)	The Spanish Buena Vista and Portuguese Boa Vista have exactly the same meaning "beautiful view" as Belvedere and Bellevue . See also visitare . Not related to dividere .
vigilāre (vigilātum)	wake up, be awake, be awake	Vigilantism , vigilance / vigility
villa	Country house, country estate	Villa , hamlet (L)
vīnum	Wine	Wine (L) , winemaker (L)
viola	violet	Violet (L) , violet (G)	The names for the various musical instruments of the violin family viola ( … da braccio , … da gamba ), violin and cello are not related .
vir	man	Virility , viril , virilist , virilism / virilization	See also virtus . Not related to virus .
viridis	green, greenish, young, fresh, lively	Savoy cabbage (L) , viridarium
virtus	Bravery, drive, courage, efficiency, virtue	Virtuoso (I) , virtuoso (I) , virtuality (G) , virtual (G)	Derivation of vir
virus	Slime, juice, poison	Virus , viral , virulence , virulent	not related to vir
vīsitāre	often see, visit	Visitation , rounds (G) , business card	Intensivum to videre
vīta	Life, way of life, way of life	Vita , vitality , vital, vitamin , aquavit	Derivation of vivere
vitrum	Glass, crystal	in vitro , vitrography , vitriol  - also in composites (such as vitriol method , vitriolic acid ), showcase (G)
vīvere (vīctum)	live, enjoy life	Vivat , Vivarium , Vivisektion , Viktualien (plural) - also in compound words (such as Viktualienbrüder , Viktualienmarkt ), Konvivenz	See also vita .
vocāre (vocātum)	call, call	Vocation , vocative , vocabulary , vocabulary , vowel , vocalization , advocate , evocation , right of evocation , invocation , provocation , provocative, revocation , sub voce (sv)	not related: avocado and (derived from) advokaat ( eggnog )
volāre (volātum)	fly, hurry	volar , volatil , volatility , volant (G) , aviary (G) , volley (A)
voluntās	will	Voluntarism , voluntary (G) , volunteer (G) , Volunteer (A)	Will is etymologically related; clearer that the associated verb velle ( "want"), from the willy-nilly derived.
volvere (volūtum)	roll, turn, roll	Volute , volte (I) , voute (G) , vaulting (G) , archivolt (I) , devolution , involute  - of which involute gearing , evolution , convolute , convolution , involute , involution , involve , revolution , revolutionary , revolutionize, revolver (A )
vorāre (vorātum)	swallow, gobble, eat greedily	Part of the word -vore (plural -voren , as adjective -vor ; as in herbivore , carnivore , omnivore )
vote	Vow, vow, prayer, wish, desire	Votum , votive  - also in compound words (as in votive church , votive candle , votive cross ), submissive , devotional , ex voto
Vulcanus	Vulcanus (god of fire and blacksmithing)	Volcanic , volcanic , vulcanization / vulcanization	The name Vulcanus itself is of Etruscan origin, see the article Vulcanus .
vulgus	Crowd, mob	vulgo , vulgar , vulgarism , vulgarity , vulgar Latin , vulgate

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W, X, Y, Z

The letter W does not exist in classical Latin . In neo-Latin it occurs only in derivatives of modern languages, especially in technical terms such as wisteria or wolframium . The origin of loanwords with W in V to search.

The letter X is never at the beginning of Latin hereditary words , but some words of Greek origin that were used as foreign Latin words. The letters Y and Z were not added to the Latin alphabet until the Classical era for the writing of words of Greek origin. For these letters, see the list of Greek word stems in German foreign words . In German, the letter Z is often written before e, i, y, ae / ä and oe / ö instead of C.

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See also

• List of Latin prefixes
• List of Latin suffixes
• List of Greek word stems in German foreign words

Web links

Wiktionary: Latinism  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

• Some things about the fiefdom of Latin origin in German (Vlastimil Brom, German studies, Masaryk University ; compiled in 2003 at the latest)
• Everyone can do a little Latin - Latin words in a German guise: Latin loan words (KathTube, 2003; PDF, 216 KB)
• Latin in German (Latin.ch)
• Latin in German, Roman vocabulary (linguae mundi)
• Foreign and loan words ( Memento from October 8, 2016 in the Internet Archive )

The external pages also served as sources for the list.

literature

• Bernhard Kytzler , Lutz Redemund: Our daily Latin , Lexicon of the Latin Language Heritage , Mainz 1962
• Wolfgang Pfeifer u. a .: Etymological Dictionary of German , 1993 - digitized and revised version in the Digital Dictionary of the German Language
• Harald Wiese: A journey through time to the origins of our language , 2007, 2nd edition 2010, Logos-Verlag Berlin, ISBN 978-3-8325-1601-7
• Friedrich Wolff u. a .: Latin and Greek in German vocabulary , 6th edition, VMA-Verlag, Wiesbaden 1999, ISBN 3-928127-63-2